Reverse-engineered from the Verb Index (http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/levin.html) 'English Verb Classes And Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation' by Beth Levin published by The University of Chicago Press, (C) 1993 University of Chicago. Used by permission. This verb list is in two parts. This is the SECOND part, from Chapter 09.1 "put" verbs to Chapter 57 "rain" verbs, and the last two (small) Alternation Classes from the First part. The entire list, in both parts, can be found at http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/levin.verbs for those interested, but the first part is much more technical; better to buy the book. http://www.amazon.com/English-Verb-Classes-Alternations-Investigation/dp/0226475336/) This Second part consists of groups of verbs that behave alike syntactically. That means that they can be used in the same kinds of constructions, and they also CAN'T be used in other constructions. All with LOTS of exceptions; details are in the book. As it turns out, to almost no one's surprise, verbs of a syntactic feather also flock semantically. The classes are named but not described and almost never synonymous; this is not exactly a thesaurus. This is more like a stereomicroscope focussed on the English Verb system. ========================================================================== 08.5 Expletive "It" Subject acquit act augur behave bode do mean phrase treat word 08.6 Obligatory Negative Polarity Element budge --------- VERB CLASSES : Chapters 9 through 57 --------- (Each verb is in at least one of these classes, in addition to the Alternation Classes 1-8) 09.1 "put" verbs arrange immerse install lodge mount place position put set situate sling stash stow 09.2 "dangle" verbs dangle hang lay lean perch rest sit stand suspend 09.3 "funnel" verbs bang channel dip dump funnel hammer ladle pound push rake ram scoop scrape shake shovel siphon spoon squash squeeze squish sweep tuck wad wedge wipe wring 09.4 "hoist" verbs drop hoist lift lower raise 09.5 "pour" verbs dribble drip pour slop slosh spew spill spurt 09.6 "coil" verbs coil curl loop roll spin twirl twist whirl wind 09.7 "spray/load" verbs brush cram crowd cultivate dab daub drape drizzle dust hang heap inject jam load mound pack pile plant plaster prick pump rub scatter seed settle sew shower slather smear smudge sow spatter splash splatter spray spread sprinkle spritz squirt stack stick stock strew string stuff swab vest wash wrap 09.8 "fill" verbs adorn anoint bandage bathe bestrew bind blanket block blot bombard carpet choke cloak clog clutter coat contaminate cover dam dapple deck decorate deluge dirty dot douse drench edge embellish emblazon encircle encrust endow enrich entangle face festoon fill fleck flood frame garland garnish imbue impregnate infect inlay interlace interlard interleave intersperse interweave inundate lard lash line litter mask mottle ornament pad pave plate plug pollute replenish repopulate riddle ring ripple robe saturate season shroud smother soak soil speckle splotch spot staff stain stipple stop up stud suffuse surround swaddle swathe taint tile trim veil vein wreathe 09.9 "butter" verbs asphalt bait blanket blindfold board bread brick bridle bronze butter buttonhole cap carpet caulk chrome cloak cork crown diaper drug feather fence flour forest frame fuel gag garland glove graffiti gravel grease groove halter harness heel ink label leash leaven lipstick mantle mulch muzzle nickel oil ornament panel paper parquet patch pepper perfume pitch plank plaster poison polish pomade poster postmark powder putty robe roof rosin rouge rut saddle salt salve sand seed sequin shawl shingle shoe shutter silver slate slipcover sod sole spice stain starch stopper stress string stucco sugar sulphur tag tar tarmac tassel thatch ticket tile turf veil veneer wallpaper water wax whitewash wreathe yoke zipcode 09.10 "pocket" verbs archive bag bank beach bed bench berth billet bin bottle box cage can case cellar cloister coop corral crate dock drydock file fork garage ground hangar house jail jar jug kennel land lodge pasture pen pillory pocket pot sheathe shelter shelve shoulder skewer snare spindle spit spool stable string tin trap tree warehouse 10.1 "remove" verbs abstract cull delete discharge disengage disgorge dislodge dismiss draw eject eliminate eradicate evict excise excommunicate expel extirpate extract extrude lop omit ostracize oust partition pry reap remove separate sever shoo subtract uproot winkle withdraw wrench 10.2 "banish" verbs banish deport evacuate expel extradite recall remove 10.3 "clear" verbs clean clear drain empty 10.4.1 "wipe" verbs (manner) bail buff dab distill dust erase expunge flush leach lick pluck polish prune purge rinse rub scour scrape scratch scrub shave skim smooth soak squeeze strain strip suck suction swab sweep trim wash wear weed whisk winnow wipe wring 10.4.2 "wipe" verbs (instrument) brush comb file filter hoover hose iron mop plow rake sandpaper shear shovel siphon sponge towel vacuum 10.5 "steal" verbs abduct cadge capture confiscate cop emancipate embezzle exorcise extort extract filch flog grab impound kidnap liberate lift nab pilfer pinch pirate plagiarize purloin reclaim recover redeem regain repossess rescue retrieve rustle seize smuggle snatch sneak sponge steal swipe take thieve wangle weasel winkle withdraw wrest 10.6 "cheat" verbs absolve acquit balk bereave bilk bleed break burgle cheat cleanse con cull cure defraud denude deplete depopulate deprive despoil disabuse disarm disencumber dispossess divest drain ease exonerate fleece free gull milk mulct pardon plunder purge purify ransack relieve render rid rifle rob sap strip swindle unburden void wean 10.7 "pit" verbs bark beard bone burl core gill gut head hull husk lint louse milk peel pinion pip pit pith pod poll pulp rind scale scalp seed shell shuck skin snail stalk stem stone string tail tassel top vein weed wind worm zest 10.8 "debone" verbs deaccent debark debone debowel debug debur declaw defang defat defeather deflea deflesh defoam defog deforest defrost defuzz degas degerm deglaze degrease degrit degum degut dehair dehead dehorn dehull dehusk deice deink delint delouse deluster demast derat derib derind desalt descale desex desprout destarch destress detassel detusk devein dewater dewax deworm 10.9 "mine" verbs mine quarry 11.1 "send" verbs airmail convey deliver dispatch express FedEx forward hand mail pass port post return send shift ship shunt slip smuggle sneak transfer transport UPS 11.2 "slide" verbs bounce float move roll slide 11.3 "bring" verbs bring take 11.4 "carry" verbs carry drag haul heave heft hoist kick lug pull push schlep shove tote tow tug 11.5 "drive" verbs barge bus cart drive ferry fly row shuttle truck wheel wire 12 "push/pull" verbs draw heave jerk press pull push shove thrust tug yank 13.1 "give" verbs feed give lease lend loan pass pay peddle refund render rent repay sell serve trade 13.2 "contribute" verbs administer contribute disburse distribute donate extend forfeit proffer refer reimburse relinquish remit restore return sacrifice submit surrender transfer 13.3 "FUT:have" verbs advance allocate allot assign award bequeath cede concede extend grant guarantee issue leave offer owe promise vote will yield 13.4.1 "entrust" verbs credit entrust furnish issue leave present provide serve supply trust 13.4.2 "equip" verbs arm burden charge compensate equip invest ply regale reward saddle 13.5.1 "get" verbs book buy call cash catch charter choose earn fetch find gain gather get hire keep lease leave order phone pick pluck procure pull reach rent reserve save secure shoot slaughter steal vote win 13.5.2 "obtain" verbs accept accumulate acquire appropriate borrow cadge collect exact grab inherit obtain purchase receive recover regain retrieve seize select snatch 13.6 "exchange" verbs barter change exchange substitute swap trade 13.7 "berry" verbs antique berry birdnest blackberry clam crab fish fowl grouse hay log mushroom nest nut oyster pearl prawn rabbit seal shark shrimp snail snipe sponge whale whelk 14 "learn" verbs acquire cram glean learn memorize read study 15.1 "hold" verbs clasp clutch grasp grip handle hold wield 15.2 "keep" verbs hoard keep leave store 16 "conceal" verbs block cloister conceal curtain hide isolate quarantine screen seclude sequester shelter 17.1 "throw" verbs bash bat bunt cast catapult chuck fire flick fling flip hit hurl kick knock lob loft nudge pass pitch punt shoot shove slam slap sling smash tap throw tip toss 17.2 "pelt" verbs bombard buffet pelt shower stone 18.1 "hit" verbs bang bash batter beat bump butt dash drum hammer hit kick knock lash pound rap slap smack smash strike tamp tap thump thwack whack 18.2 "swat" verbs bite claw paw peck punch scratch shoot slug stab swat swipe 18.3 "spank" verbs belt birch bludgeon bonk brain cane clobber club conk cosh cudgel cuff flog knife paddle paddywhack pummel sock spank strap thrash truncheon wallop whip whisk 18.4 "thud" verbs bang brush bump crash hit knock ram slam smash thud 19 "poke" verbs dig jab pierce poke prick stick 20 "touch" verbs caress graze kiss lick nudge pat peck pinch prod sting stroke tickle touch 21.1 "cut" verbs chip clip cut hack hew saw scrape scratch slash snip 21.2 "carve" verbs bore bruise carve chip chop crop crush cube dent dice drill file fillet gash gouge grate grind mangle mash mince mow nick notch perforate prune pulverize punch shred slice slit spear squash squish 22.1 "mix" verbs add blend combine commingle concatenate connect cream fuse join link merge mingle mix network pool 22.2 "amalgamate" verbs affiliate alternate amalgamate associate coalesce coincide compare confederate confuse conjoin consolidate contrast correlate criss-cross engage entangle entwine harmonize incorporate integrate interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine interweave introduce marry mate muddle oppose pair rhyme team total unify unite wed 22.3 "shake" verbs append attach band baste beat bind bond bundle cluster collate collect fasten fuse gather glom graft group herd jumble lump mass moor package pair roll scramble sew shake shuffle splice stick stir swirl weld whip whisk 22.4 "tape" verbs anchor band belt bolt bracket buckle button cement chain clamp clasp clip epoxy fetter glue gum handcuff harness hinge hitch hook knot lace lash lasso latch leash link lock loop manacle moor muzzle nail padlock paste peg pin plaster rivet rope screw seal shackle skewer solder staple stitch strap string tack tape tether thumbtack tie trammel wire yoke zip 22.5 "cling" verbs adhere cleave cling 23.1 "separate" verbs decouple differentiate disconnect disentangle dissociate distinguish divide divorce part segregate separate sever 23.2 "split" verbs blow break cut draw hack hew kick knock pry pull push rip roll saw shove slip split tear tug yank 23.3 "disassemble" verbs detach disassemble disconnect partition sift sunder unbolt unbuckle unbutton unchain unclamp unclasp unclip unfasten unglue unhinge unhitch unhook unlace unlatch unleash unlock unpeg unpin unscrew unshackle unstaple unstitch untie unzip 23.4 "differ" verbs differ diverge 24 "color" verbs color distemper dye enamel glaze japan lacquer paint shellac spraypaint stain tint varnish 25.1 "applique" verbs applique emboss embroider engrave etch imprint incise inscribe mark paint set sign stamp tattoo 25.2 "scribble" verbs carve chalk charcoal copy crayon doodle draw forge ink paint pencil plot print scratch scrawl scribble sketch spraypaint stencil trace type write 25.3 "monogram" verbs address adorn autograph brand date decorate embellish endorse illuminate illustrate initial label letter monogram ornament tag 25.4 "transcribe" verbs copy film forge microfilm photocopy photograph record tape televise transcribe type 26.1 "build" verbs arrange assemble bake blow build carve cast chisel churn compile cook crochet cut develop embroider fashion fold forge grind grow hack hammer hatch knit make mold pound roll sculpt sew shape spin stitch weave whittle 26.2 "grow" verbs develop evolve grow hatch mature 26.3 "prepare" verbs bake blend boil brew clean clear cook fix fry grill hardboil iron light mix poach pour prepare roast roll run scramble set softboil toast toss wash 26.4 "create" verbs coin compose compute concoct construct create derive design dig fabricate form invent manufacture mint model organize produce recreate style synthesize 26.5 "knead" verbs beat bend coil collect compress fold freeze knead melt shake squash squeeze squish twirl twist wad whip wind work 26.6 "turn" verbs alter change convert metamorphose transform transmute turn 26.7 "perform" verbs chant choreograph compose dance direct draw hum intone paint perform play produce recite silkscreen sing spin take whistle write 27 "engender" verbs beget cause create engender generate shape spawn 28 "calve" verbs calve cub fawn foal kitten lamb litter pup spawn whelp 29.1 "appoint" verbs acknowledge adopt appoint consider crown deem designate elect esteem imagine mark nominate ordain proclaim rate reckon report want 29.2 "characterize" verbs accept address appreciate bill cast certify characterize choose cite class classify confirm count define describe diagnose disguise employ engage enlist enroll enter envisage establish esteem hail herald hire honor identify imagine incorporate induct intend lampoon offer oppose paint portray praise qualify rank recollect recommend regard reinstate reject remember represent repudiate reveal salute see select stigmatize take train treat use value view visualize 29.3 "dub" verbs anoint baptize brand call christen consecrate crown decree dub label make name nickname pronounce rule stamp style term vote 29.4 "declare" verbs adjudge adjudicate assume avow believe confess declare fancy find judge presume profess prove suppose think warrant 29.5 "conjecture" verbs admit allow assert conjecture deny discover feel figure grant guarantee guess hold know maintain mean observe recognize repute show suspect 29.6 "masquerade" verbs act behave camouflage count masquerade officiate pose qualify rank rate serve 29.7 "orphan" verbs apprentice canonize cripple cuckold knight martyr orphan outlaw pauper recruit widow 29.8 "captain" verbs boss bully butcher butler caddy captain champion chaperone chauffeur clerk coach cox crew doctor emcee escort guard host model mother nurse partner pilot pioneer police referee shepherd skipper sponsor star tailor tutor umpire understudy usher valet volunteer witness 30.1 "see" verbs detect discern feel hear notice see sense smell taste 30.2 "sight" verbs descry discover espy examine eye glimpse inspect investigate note observe overhear perceive recognize regard savor scan scent scrutinize sight spot spy study survey view watch witness 30.3 "peer" verbs check gape gawk gaze glance glare goggle leer listen look ogle peek peep peer sniff snoop squint stare 30.4 "feel" verbs feel look smell sound taste 31.1 "amuse" verbs abash affect afflict affront aggravate agitate agonize alarm alienate amaze amuse anger annoy antagonize appall appease arouse assuage astonish astound awe baffle beguile bewilder bewitch boggle bore bother bug calm captivate chagrin charm cheer chill comfort concern confound confuse console content convince cow crush cut daunt daze dazzle deject delight demolish demoralize depress devastate disappoint disarm discombobulate discomfit discompose disconcert discourage disgrace disgruntle disgust dishearten disillusion dismay dispirit displease disquiet dissatisfy distract distress disturb dumbfound elate electrify embarrass embolden enchant encourage engage engross enlighten enliven enrage enrapture entertain enthrall enthuse entice entrance exasperate excite exhaust exhilarate fascinate faze flabbergast flatter floor fluster frighten frustrate gall galvanize gladden gratify grieve harass haunt hearten horrify humble humiliate hurt hypnotize impress incense infuriate inspire insult interest intimidate intoxicate intrigue invigorate irk irritate jar jollify jolt lull madden mesmerize miff mollify mortify move muddle mystify nauseate nettle numb obsess offend outrage overawe overwhelm pacify pain peeve perplex perturb pique placate plague please preoccupy provoke puzzle rankle reassure refresh relax relieve repel repulse revitalize revolt rile ruffle sadden satisfy scandalize scare shake shame shock sicken sober solace soothe spellbind spook stagger startle stimulate sting stir strike stump stun stupefy surprise tantalize tease tempt terrify terrorize threaten thrill throw tickle tire titillate torment touch transport trouble try unnerve unsettle uplift upset vex weary worry wound wow 31.2 "admire" verbs abhor admire adore appreciate cherish deplore despise detest disdain dislike distrust dread enjoy envy esteem exalt execrate fancy favor fear hate idolize lament like loathe love miss mourn pity prize regret relish resent respect revere rue savor stand support tolerate treasure trust value venerate worship 31.3 "marvel" verbs ache anger anguish approve bask beware bleed bother care cheer cringe cry delight despair disapprove enthuse exult fear feel fret fume gladden gloat glory grieve groove gush hunger hurt luxuriate madden marvel mind moon mope mourn obsess puzzle rage rave react rejoice revel rhapsodize sadden salivate seethe sicken sorrow suffer swoon thrill tire wallow weary weep wonder worry 31.4 "appeal" verbs appeal grate jar matter niggle 32.1 "want" verbs covet crave desire fancy need want 32.2 "long" verbs ache crave dangle fall hanker hope hunger itch long lust pine pray thirst wish yearn 33.1 positive judgement verbs acclaim applaud bless celebrate commend compensate compliment eulogize excuse extol felicitate forgive greet hail honor laud pardon praise recompense remunerate repay reward salute thank toast welcome 33.1 negative judgement verbs backbite abuse calumniate castigate censure chasten chastise chide condemn congratulate criticize decry defame denigrate denounce deprecate deride disparage fault fine impeach insult lambaste malign mock penalize persecute prosecute punish rebuke reprimand reproach reprove revile ridicule scold scorn shame snub upbraid victimize vilify 34 "assess" verbs analyze assess audit evaluate review scrutinize study 35.1 "hunt" verbs dig feel fish hunt mine poach scrounge 35.2 "search" verbs advertise check comb dive drag dredge excavate patrol plumb probe prospect prowl quarry rake rifle scavenge scour scout search shop sift trawl troll watch 35.3 "stalk" verbs smell stalk taste track 35.4 "investigate" verbs canvass examine explore frisk inspect investigate observe quiz raid ransack riffle scan scrutinize survey tap 35.5 "rummage" verbs bore burrow delve forage fumble grope leaf listen look page paw poke rifle root rummage scrabble scratch snoop thumb tunnel 35.6 "ferret" verbs ferret nose seek tease 36.1 "correspond" verbs agree argue banter bargain bicker brawl clash coexist collaborate collide combat commiserate communicate compete concur confabulate conflict consort cooperate correspond dicker differ disagree dispute dissent duel elope feud flirt haggle hobnob jest joke joust mate mingle mix neck negotiate pair plot quarrel quibble rendezvous scuffle skirmish spar spat spoon squabble struggle tilt tussle vie war wrangle wrestle 36.2 "marry" verbs court cuddle date divorce embrace hug kiss marry nuzzle pass pet 36.3 "meet" verbs battle box consult debate fight meet play visit 37.1 "quote" verbs ask cite demonstrate dictate explain explicate narrate pose preach quote read recite relay show teach tell write 37.2 "tell" verb tell 37.3 "snap/cackle" verbs babble bark bawl bellow bleat boom bray burble cackle call carol chant chatter chirp cluck coo croak croon crow cry drawl drone gabble gibber groan growl grumble grunt hiss holler hoot howl jabber lilt lisp moan mumble murmur mutter purr rage rasp roar rumble scream screech shout shriek sing snap snarl snuffle splutter squall squawk squeak squeal stammer stutter thunder tisk trill trumpet twitter wail warble wheeze whimper whine whisper whistle whoop yammer yap yell yelp yodel 37.4 "cable" verbs cable e-mail fax modem netmail phone radio relay satellite semaphore sign signal telecast telegraph telephone telex wire wireless 37.5 "talk" verbs speak talk 37.6 "chitchat" verbs argue chat chatter chitchat confer converse gab gossip rap schmooze yak 37.7 "say" verbs announce articulate blab blurt claim confess confide convey declare mention note observe proclaim propose recount reiterate relate remark repeat report reveal say state suggest 37.8 "complain" verbs boast brag complain crab gripe grouch grouse grumble kvetch object 37.9 "advise" verbs admonish advise alert caution counsel instruct warn 38 "bark" verbs baa bark bay bellow blat bleat bray buzz cackle call caw chatter cheep chirp chirrup chitter cluck coo croak crow cuckoo drone gobble growl grunt hee-haw hiss honk hoot howl low meow mew moo neigh oink peep pipe purr quack roar scrawk scream screech sing snap snarl snort snuffle squawk squeak squeal stridulate trill tweet twitter wail warble whimper whinny whistle woof yap yell yelp yip yowl 39.1 "eat" verbs drink eat 39.2 "chew" verbs chew chomp crunch gnaw lick munch nibble peck pick sip slurp suck 39.3 "gobble" verbs bolt gobble gulp guzzle quaff swallow swig wolf 39.4 "devour" verbs consume devour imbibe ingest swill 39.5 "dine" verbs banquet breakfast brunch dine feast graze lunch luncheon nosh picnic snack sup 39.6 "gorge" verbs exist feed flourish gorge live prosper survive thrive 39.7 "bottlefeed" verbs bottlefeed breastfeed feed forcefeed handfeed spoonfeed 40.1.1 "hiccup" verbs belch blush burp flush hiccup pant sneeze sniffle snore snuffle swallow wheeze yawn 40.1.2 "breathe" verbs bleed breathe cough cry dribble drool puke spit sweat vomit weep 40.1.3 "exhale" verbs exhale inhale perspire 40.2 "beam" verbs beam cackle chortle chuckle cough cry frown gape gasp gawk giggle glare glower goggle grimace grin groan growl guffaw howl jeer laugh moan pout scowl sigh simper smile smirk sneeze snicker sniff snigger snivel snore snort sob titter weep whistle yawn 40.3.1 "wink" verbs blink clap nod point shrug squint wag wave wink 40.3.2 "crane" verbs arch bare bat beat blow clench click close cock crane crook cross drum flap flash flex flick flutter fold gnash grind hang hunch kick knit open pucker purse raise roll rub shake show shuffle smack snap stamp stretch toss turn twiddle twitch wag waggle wiggle wring wrinkle 40.3.3 "curtsey" verbs bob bow curtsey genuflect kneel salaam salute 40.4 "snooze" verbs catnap doze drowse nap sleep slumber snooze 40.5 "flinch" verbs balk cower cringe flinch recoil shrink wince 40.6 "convulse" verbs convulse cower quake quiver shake shiver shudder tremble writhe 40.7 "suffocate" verbs asphyxiate choke drown stifle suffocate 40.8.1 "pain" verbs ache bother hurt itch pain 40.8.2 "tingle" verbs burn hum pound prickle pucker reel smart spin split sting swim throb tickle tingle 40.8.3 "hurt" verbs bark bite break bruise bump burn chip cut fracture hurt injure nick prick pull rupture scald scratch skin split sprain strain stub turn twist 40.8.4 "swoon" verbs blanch faint sicken swoon 41.1.1 "dress" verbs bathe change disrobe dress exercise preen primp shave shower strip undress wash 41.1.2 "groom" verbs curry groom 41.2.1 "floss" verbs brush floss shave wash 41.2.2 "braid" verbs bob braid brush clip coldcream comb condition crimp crop curl cut dye file henna lather manicure part perm plait pluck powder rinse rouge set shampoo soap talc tease towel trim wave 41.3.1 "don" verbs doff don wear 41.3.2 "spruce" verbs doll dress spruce tog 41.3.3 "clad" verbs attire clad garb robe 42.1 "murder" verbs assassinate butcher dispatch eliminate execute immolate kill liquidate massacre murder slaughter slay 42.2 "poison" verbs asphyxiate crucify drown electrocute garrotte hang knife poison shoot smother stab strangle suffocate 43.1 "sparkle" verbs beam blaze blink burn flame flare flash flicker glare gleam glimmer glint glisten glitter glow incandesce scintillate shimmer shine sparkle twinkle 43.2 "bang" verbs babble bang beat beep bellow blare blast blat boom bubble burble burr buzz chatter chime chink chir chitter chug clack clang clank clap clash clatter click cling clink clomp clump clunk crack crackle crash creak crepitate crunch cry ding dong explode fizz fizzle groan growl gurgle hiss hoot howl hum jangle jingle knell knock lilt moan murmur patter peal ping pink pipe plink plonk plop plunk pop purr putter rap rasp rattle ring roar roll rumble rustle scream screech shriek shrill sing sizzle snap splash splutter sputter squawk squeak squeal squelch strike swish swoosh thrum thud thump thunder thunk tick ting tinkle toll toot tootle trill trumpet twang ululate vroom wail wheeze whine whir whish whistle whoosh whump zing 43.3 "reek" verbs reek smell stink 43.4 "belch" verbs belch bleed bubble dribble drip drool emanate exude foam gush leak ooze pour puff radiate seep shed slop spew spill spout sprout spurt squirt steam stream sweat 44 "destroy" verbs annihilate blitz decimate demolish destroy devastate exterminate extirpate obliterate ravage raze ruin waste wreck 45.1 "break" verbs break chip crack crash crush fracture rip shatter smash snap splinter split tear 45.2 "bend" verbs bend crease crinkle crumple fold rumple wrinkle 45.3 "cook" verbs bake barbecue blanch boil braise broil brown charbroil charcoal-broil coddle cook crisp deep-fry French fry fry grill hardboil heat microwave oven-fry oven-poach overcook pan-broil pan-fry parboil parch percolate perk plank poach pot-roast rissole roast saut\'e scald scallop shirr simmer softboil steam steam-bake stew stir-fry toast 45.4 "alternating change of state" verbs abate accelerate acetify acidify advance age agglomerate air alkalify alter ameliorate americanize atrophy attenuate awake awaken balance blacken blast blunt blur brighten broaden brown burn burst calcify capsize caramelize carbonify carbonize change char cheapen chill clean clear clog close coagulate coarsen collapse collect compress condense contract cool corrode crimson crisp crumble crystallize dampen darken de-escalate decelerate decentralize decompose decrease deepen deflate defrost degenerate degrade dehumidify demagnetize democratize depressurize desiccate destabilize deteriorate detonate dim diminish dirty disintegrate dissipate dissolve distend divide double drain dry dull ease empty emulsify energize enlarge equalize evaporate even expand explode fade fatten federate fill firm flatten flood fossilize fray freeze freshen frost fructify fuse gasify gelatinize gladden glutenize granulate gray green grow halt harden harmonize hasten heal heat heighten humidify hush hybridize ignite improve increase incubate inflate intensify iodize ionize kindle lengthen lessen level levitate light lighten lignify liquefy loop loose loosen macerate magnetize magnify mature mellow melt moisten muddy multiply narrow neaten neutralize nitrify open operate ossify overturn oxidize pale petrify polarize pop proliferate propagate pulverize purify purple putrefy quadruple quicken quiet quieten redden regularize rekindle reopen reproduce ripen roughen round rupture scorch sear sharpen short short-circuit shorten shrink shrivel shut sicken silicify silver singe sink slack slacken slim slow smarten smooth soak sober soften solidify sour splay sprout stabilize steady steep steepen stiffen straighten stratify strengthen stretch submerge subside sweeten tame tan taper tauten tense thaw thicken thin tighten tilt tire topple toughen triple ulcerate unfold unionize vaporize vary vibrate vitrify volatilize waken warm warp weaken westernize whiten widen worsen yellow 45.5 "blister" verbs blister bloom blossom burn corrode decay deteriorate erode ferment flower germinate molder molt rot rust sprout stagnate swell tarnish wilt wither 45.6 "decrease" verbs appreciate balloon climb decline decrease depreciate differ diminish drop fall fluctuate gain grow increase jump mushroom plummet plunge rise rocket skyrocket soar surge tumble vary 46 "lodge" verbs bivouac board camp dwell live lodge reside settle shelter stay stop 47.1 "exist" verbs coexist correspond depend dwell endure exist extend flourish languish linger live loom lurk overspread persist predominate prevail prosper remain reside shelter stay survive thrive tower wait 47.2 "billow" verbs billow bloom blossom blow breathe bristle bulge burn cascade corrode decay decompose effervesce erode ferment fester fizz flow flower foam froth germinate grow molt propagate rage ripple roil rot rust seethe smoke smolder spread sprout stagnate stream sweep tarnish trickle wilt wither 47.3 "wobble" verbs bob bow creep dance drift eddy flap float flutter hover jiggle joggle oscillate pulsate quake quiver revolve rock rotate shake stir sway swirl teeter throb totter tremble undulate vibrate waft wave waver wiggle wobble writhe 47.4 "echo" verbs din echo resonate resound reverberate sound 47.5.1 "swarm" verbs abound bustle crawl creep hop run swarm swim teem throng 47.5.2 "herd" verbs accumulate aggregate amass assemble cluster collect congregate convene flock gather group herd huddle mass 47.5.3 "bulge" verbs bristle bulge seethe 47.6 "balance" verbs balance bend bow crouch dangle flop fly hang hover jut kneel lean lie loll loom lounge nestle open perch plop project protrude recline rest rise roost sag sit slope slouch slump sprawl squat stand stoop straddle swing tilt tower 47.7 "meander" verbs cascade climb crawl cut drop go meander plunge run straggle stretch sweep tumble turn twist wander weave wind 47.8 "hug" verbs abut adjoin blanket border bound bracket bridge cap contain cover cross dominate edge encircle enclose fence fill flank follow frame head hit hug intersect line meet miss overhang precede rim ring skirt span straddle support surmount surround top touch underlie 48.1.1 "appear" verbs appear arise awake awaken break burst come dawn derive develop emanate emerge erupt evolve exude flow form grow gush issue materialize open plop pop up result rise show up spill spread steal stem stream supervene surge turn up wax 48.1.2 "assert" verbs assert declare define express form intrude manifest offer pose present proffer recommend shape show suggest 48.2 "die" verbs die disappear expire lapse perish vanish 48.3 "transpire" verbs ensue eventuate happen occur recur transpire 49 "buck" verbs buck fidget flap gyrate kick rock squirm sway teeter totter twitch waggle wiggle wobble wriggle 50 "crouch" verbs bend bow crouch flop hang kneel lean lie perch plop rise sit slouch slump sprawl squat stand stoop straddle 51.1 "advance" verbs advance arrive ascend climb come cross depart descend enter escape exit fall flee go leave plunge recede return rise tumble 51.2 "abandon" verbs abandon desert leave 51.3.1 "roll" verbs bounce coil drift drop float glide move revolve roll rotate slide spin swing turn twirl twist whirl wind 51.3.2 "run" verbs amble backpack bolt bounce bound bowl canter carom cavort charge clamber climb clump coast crawl creep dart dash dodder drift file flit float fly frolic gallop gambol glide goosestep hasten hike hobble hop hurry hurtle inch jog journey jump leap limp lollop lope lumber lurch march meander mince mosey nip pad parade perambulate plod prance promenade prowl race ramble roam roll romp rove run rush sashay saunter scamper scoot scram scramble scud scurry scutter scuttle shamble shuffle sidle skedaddle skip skitter skulk sleepwalk slide slink slither slog slouch sneak somersault speed stagger stomp stray streak stride stroll strut stumble stump swagger sweep swim tack tear tiptoe toddle totter traipse tramp travel trek troop trot trudge trundle vault waddle wade walk wander whiz zigzag zoom 51.4.1 "skate" verbs balloon bicycle bike boat bobsled bus cab canoe caravan chariot coach cycle dogsled ferry gondola helicopter jeep jet kayak moped motor motorbike motorcycle parachute punt raft rickshaw rocket skate skateboard ski sled sledge sleigh taxi toboggan tram trolley yacht 51.4.2 "pedal" verbs cruise drive fly oar paddle pedal ride row sail tack 51.5 "waltz" verbs boogie bop cancan clog conga dance foxtrot jig jitterbug jive pirouette polka quickstep rumba samba shuffle squaredance tango tapdance waltz 51.6 "chase" verbs chase follow pursue shadow tail track trail 51.7 "accompany" verbs accompany conduct escort guide lead shepherd 52 "avoid" verbs avoid boycott dodge duck elude evade shun sidestep 53.1 "linger" verbs dally dawdle delay dither hesitate linger loiter tarry 53.2 "rush" verbs hasten hurry rush 54.1 "measure" verbs measure read register total weigh 54.2 "cost" verbs carry cost last take 54.3 "fit" verbs carry contain feed fit hold house seat serve sleep store take use 54.4 "price" verbs appraise assess estimate fix peg price rate value 54.5 "bill" verbs bet bill charge fine mulct overcharge save spare tax tip undercharge wager 55.1 "begin" verbs begin cease commence continue end finish halt keep proceed repeat resume start stop terminate 55.2 "complete" verbs complete discontinue initiate quit 56 "weekend" verbs December holiday honeymoon overnight sojourn summer vacation weekend winter 57 "rain" verbs blow clear drizzle fog freeze gust hail howl lightning mist mizzle pelt pour precipitate rain roar shower sleet snow spit spot sprinkle storm swelter teem thaw thunder