________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1001. Fri 18 Dec 1992. Lines: 79 Subject: 3.1001 Seminole Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 09:55:09 From: koontz@alpha.bldr.nist.gov (John E. Koontz) Subject: Re: 3.1000 Queries: ...; Seminole 2) Date: 18 Dec 1992 18:10:00 -0600 (CST) From: Roland Walker 214 - 709 2400 Subject: languages in Florida -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 09:55:09 From: koontz@alpha.bldr.nist.gov (John E. Koontz) Subject: Re: 3.1000 Queries: ...; Seminole > A linguistic map of North America in Ruhlen's _Guide to the Languages of > the World, Vol 1: Classification_ (GLW-1) shows a white patch in southern > Florida, which the legend explains as "unclassified or undocumented". > ... > So: (1) What are the unclassified, undocumented languages of South > Florida? (2) What is the original provenance of Seminole? (3) Why > isn't Seminole listed in Ruhlen? (4) Why didn't I just send this to Pam > Munro instead of boring you all to tears? There are two contemporary Muskogean languages in Florida (with some transportees in Oklahoma), both called popularly called Seminole. In the linguistic literature they are called Mikasuki (earlier spelling Miccosukee) and Seminole or Seminole Creek, i.e., Seminole proper is a dialect of Creek. Both were introduced into southern Florida in comparatively late times, under American colonial pressure. The aborignal population of south Florida were a set of apparently related groups usually known in the literature as the the Calus or Calusa, sometimes with c-cedille for s. The Spanish also called them the Carlos, Carlo, etc. I think this word was actually the title or regnal name of the senior chief. It is the linguistic classification of Calus(a) that is unknown. The aborignal population of Florida, and, in fact, of the entire southeast, was severely modified by the effects of European contact, over the period of the 1500's through the early 1800's. Almost all of the aboriginal groups of Florida, coastal Georgia, and the coastal Carolinas were extinguished linguistically, culturally, and even ethnically. Remains of the several groups of Siouan (or Siouan-Catawban) speakers in the Carolinas do survive as the Catawba, and there are some other relict groups. Some Christianized survivors of the Calus were transported by the Spanish to Cuba and Mexico. I don't think they are still distinguishable. I'm not familiar with Ruhlen's treatment of Muskogean, but I suppose that Seminole is conflated with Creek. Is Mikasuki listed separately? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 18 Dec 1992 18:10:00 -0600 (CST) From: Roland Walker 214 - 709 2400 Subject: languages in Florida In response to Allan C. Wechsler re: Seminole: Seminole is listed as a dialect of Muskogee (along with Creek & similar to Mikasuki, at the S. tip of Florida) in Grimes, B.F. 1992. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 12th edition. Dallas: SIL. [For a copy, contact Int'l Linguistics Center, Academic Bookstore, 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd., Dallas, TX 75236, Tel: 214-709-2404.] There is a bit more info in Ethnolgue (e.g. 10M speakers out of 20M pop.). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1001. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1002. Fri 18 Dec 1992. Lines: 84 Subject: 3.1002 Summary: Archaic "Go to" Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 12:20-0500 From: Allan C. Wechsler Subject: Replies to query: King James Bible "Go to" -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 12:20-0500 From: Allan C. Wechsler Subject: Replies to query: King James Bible "Go to" Thanks to all who replied; you are listed at the end as references. Here is the information you all sent to me; I have edited it for brevity without (I hope) wrecking the sense. The Hebrew behind "go to" is ; the capitalized B is the letter without a gemination mark ("dagesh"), so it is pronounced (classically) as a voiced bilabial fricative (IPA beta) and (in ModH) as [v]. It means something like "hey, c'mon, hop to it!"; the technical word for such a thing is "(co)hortative". It's the same word as in "Hava nagila" ("Let's rejoice") [1,6,8,9,10]. One respondent [10] gave a historical account of , from a form of the verb "give", with some speculation on the naturalness of the semantic shift. The plural in the passage ("... let _us_ go down ...") is a "plural of majesty"; God need not be referring to anyone but Herself [1, 9]. In English, the hortative use of "go to!" is well-attested in Shakespeare and other Elizabethan sources [1, 2, 3, 5, 10]. There are expressions still extant in ModE, which show the same "spec-less PP"; perhaps these are all historically derived by eliding the object of the preposition. Examples include "come/bring to [consciousness]", "turn to [one's work]", "set to [work]", "wrong end to [some surface or direction]", "come to [the wind]" (a technical term in sailing), "turn in [livestock into a pen, and by extension oneself into bed]", and "turn in [to law-enforcers]" [1, 5, 7]. No one speculated on the identity of the putative deleted object in "go to". An analogous American dialect expression is "go/come with", for standard "go/come along" [3]. Perhaps "come in" and "come on" are analogous constructions [8] but my intuition is that the "in" and "on" here are adverbs like "inward" and "onward". ([8] confesses to not being a native English speaker.) One respondent [3] read me as making a negative normative judgement about the usage in KJV; he reminded me that such judgements are inappropriate, and that grammars do change. I agree. Perhaps the KJV was translated from Greek, not Hebrew as I implied in my query [4]. I am left without a clue concerning the evolution of the Elizabethan hortative "go to". I would also like to know if it was used in other moods than the imperative; for example, ModE has "she came to (consciousness)", "I think I'll turn in", and so on. [1] Geoff Nathan [2] Susan "no chive" Fischer [3] Robert Wachal [4] Ellen F. Prince [5] Bruce E. Nevin [6] Alice Faber [7] John S. Coleman [8] Carel Fenijn [9] Alan Harris [10] Robert D. Hoberman -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1002. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1003. Sun 20 Dec 1992. Lines: 68 Subject: 3.1003 Queries: Mongolian; Applied Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 18 Dec 1992 12:00:55 -0500 (CDT) From: STENSON@vx.cis.umn.edu Subject: Mongolian references? 2) Date: Sun, 20 Dec 92 12:57:41 IST From: Michal Ephratt Subject: Applied linguistics - Granada - Schedule -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 18 Dec 1992 12:00:55 -0500 (CDT) From: STENSON@vx.cis.umn.edu Subject: Mongolian references? I am looking for references on Mongolian for use in a course next quarter. I'd particularly like to hear about articles on specific aspects of syntax and phonology that might catch students' interest. I'm also interested in general reference grammars; I've found several of these listed in our library's card catalogue, but would be happy to hear of any personal favorites people might have. Thanks Nancy Stenson -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 20 Dec 92 12:57:41 IST From: Michal Ephratt Subject: Applied linguistics - Granada - Schedule Last resource help - I am giving a paper in the coming "international Conference of Applied linguistics" January 11th to 15th to take place in Granada Spain: Dept. Inglesa, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras Campus Universitario de Cartuja. I must book flights but have not received the schedule (program) of the conference. Their Fax and phone seem to have broken down. I'll be grateful if some one out there has the program and can e-mail it to me RHLH702@HAIFAUVM or fax it: 972-4-240128 or know of this conference E-mail address. Many thanks. Michal Acknowledge-To: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1003. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1004. Mon 21 Dec 1992. Lines: 143 Subject: 3.1004 Conferences: German Lx Society; Israel: Theoretical Ling Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 13:01:01 +0100 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.dbp.de Subject: DGfS Annual Conference Jena 1993 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 15:20 IST From: Subject: Israel Assoc. of Theoretical Ling, workshop -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 13:01:01 +0100 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.dbp.de Subject: DGfS Annual Conference Jena 1993 1993 Annual Conference of the German Linguistics Society (DGfS) Jena (Thuringia), 3-5 March 1993 There will be 12 parallel workshops, with altogether about 200 talks: (1) History of discourse and concepts coordinators: Dietrich Busse (Darmstadt) & Wolfgang Teubert (Mannheim) (2) Creolization and language change coordinators: Dany Adone (U Hamburg/Nijmegen) & Ingo Plag (U Marburg) (3) Grammaticalization coordinators: Walter Bisang (U Mainz) & Martin Haspelmath (FU Berlin) (4) Variation in Second Language Acquisition coordinators: Norbert Dittmar (FU Berlin) & Wolfgang Klein (MPI Nijmegen) (5) What determines word order variation? coordinators: Brigitta Haftka (FAS Berlin) & Claudia Maria Schmidt (6) Gaps: coordination, comparatives, VP-ellipsis coordinators: Birgit Wesche (Stuttgart) & Richard Wiese (U Duesseldorf) (7) Communication in the media coordinators: W. Holly (Trier) & U. Pueschel (Trier) (8) Cognitive semantic theory: diachronic and synchronic aspects coordinator: Monika Schwarz (U Cologne) (9) Descriptive grammar and general comparative linguistics coordinators: Christian Lehmann (U Bielefeld) & Dietmar Zaefferer (U Munich) (10) Orality, literacy, and language change coordinators: Joachim Gessinger (Hanover), J. Erfurt (Leipzig), Hartmut Guenther (Kleve), B. Skibitzki (Leipzig) (11) Explicability of language change coordinators: U.Demske-Neumann (U Tuebingen) & Andreas Bittner (FAS Berlin) (12) Regional linguistic variation and language change coordinators: Wolfgang Loesch (Jena) & Hans Peters (FU Berlin) Plenary talks: Brigitte Schlieben-Lange (U Tuebingen): "New approaches in linguistic history research" Peter Trudgill (U Essex): "Variation in language: Problems and insights" Ludwig Jaeger (U Aachen): "Language, whatever that may be -- the history of linguistics as the history of the erosion of its object of study" For more information, write to: DGfS-Jahrestagung Beate Langner Institut fuer Germanistische Sprachwissenschaft Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena Am Leutragraben 1 D-O-6900 Jena Tel. +49-3641-8224853 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 15:20 IST From: Subject: Israel Assoc. of Theoretical Ling, workshop The Israeli Association of Theoretical Linguistics will hold its Annual Workshop at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Room 05, Beit Belgia, Givat Ram Campus on February 1, 1993. PROGRAM 9:30 - 10:00 Registration 10:00 - 10:10 Greetings 10:10 - 12:00 Hans Kamp, IMSV, University of Stuttgart, (invited speaker, Title: TBA) 12:00 - 1:00 Edit Doron, Hebrew University, "The Discourse Function of Apposition" 1:00 - 2:00 Lunch 2:00 - 3:00 Nomi Erteshik-Shir, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev "Donkeys On Stage" 3:00 - 4:00 Karina Wilkinson, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev "Towards a Unified Semantics of 'even' " 4:00 - 4:30 Tea 4:30 - 5:30 Gregory Ward, Northwestern University "English 'there'-sentences and Information Status" 5:30 - 6:30 Barbara Grosz, Harvard University & Yael Ziv, Hebrew University "Attentional State and Right Dislocation" For additional information, you may contact: Roger Schwarzschild or Anita Mittwoch English Department Hebrew University of Jerusalem Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905 e-mail: HCUMA@HUJIVM1.BITNET e-mail: HCURS@HUJIVM1.BITNET -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1004. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1005. Mon 21 Dec 1992. Lines: 145 Subject: 3.1005 Summary: Meta-Word Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 92 11:06:53 MET From: "J.L. Mackenzie" Subject: meta-word 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 92 10:15:49 EST From: "Bruce E. Nevin" Subject: autonomastics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 92 11:06:53 MET From: "J.L. Mackenzie" Subject: meta-word I think that the meta-word Bruce Nevin is looking for is 'aptronym', from apt and -onym, with epenthetic r, coined, according to the The Oxford Companion to the English Language (ed. Tom McArthur, 1992) by Franklin P. Adams. The Companion gives some wonderful examples, such as Lt.Col. Will B. Snow, who was assigned to issue Arctic gear to Pentagon reporters headed for Alaska, pointing out that there are also fictional aptronyms used for allegorical and satirical purposes. I remember as a child in Aberdeen, Scotland being delighted to discover a market gardener called Riddle and an optician called I. Straine. And, a little off the subject perhaps, there is a do-it-yourself shop in Nijmegen, Netherlands called Wanco! Lachlan Mackenzie -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 92 10:15:49 EST From: "Bruce E. Nevin" Subject: autonomastics On behalf of a colleague here at BBN, I had asked you all about a term for names that coincidentally describe the person named. My neologistic tag "meta-name" is I suppose pre-empted by metonym. What my friend is after is almost the converse of metonymy. (The example metonym given in Webster's 9th NCD is "the crown" in "lands belonging to the crown"). Thanks to Susan Donnelly, Claudia Brugman, Robert A Amsler, Cynthia Hagstrom, J.L. Mackenzie, Terry Gordon, Christine Kamprath, Mark Turnbull, Ernie Limperis, James E. Cathey, David Justice, and Alan Harris for their responses. Many people mentioned that Herb Caen, well known to many of us as a columnist seemingly since the beginning of time for the San Francisco Chronicle, boasts of a large collection of these terms. Those interested in them he calls "namephreaks" (but, pace one respondant, this is probably not his word for these terms as a class). Another collection belongs to Lew Lipsitt, a psychologist at Brown. His are examples of people becoming like that which their names suggest. He spoke on the topic a few years ago to the Onomastic Society. "I just don't have a name for the phenomenon," he says, "for fear that it will become what I name it." The power of the pun. Certain SciFi writers come readily to mind. I suggested to him a line from Dostoyevsky's _The Idiot_: "The fools! Don't they know they make of a person what they say of him?" Robert Amsler suggests: >How about Appronyms >(Appropriate -nyms) This proposed coinage is quite close to that already reported to the list by Lachlan Mackenzie: > I think that the meta-word Bruce Nevin is looking for is > 'aptronym', from apt and -onym, with epenthetic r, coined, > according to the The Oxford Companion to the English Language (ed. > Tom McArthur, 1992) by Franklin P. Adams. I have not found this in a dictionary. Yet. (Extraneous aside: the structure of the preceding paragraph might have provided a model for the "delayed NOT" construction.) Mackenzie and others submitted many examples of these puns, not all in English--one of his was Dutch and James Cathey offered several in German--which I have reluctantly omitted here since we all easily could and as easily would multiply them :-) The thought of the punishment to our editors in some protracted punnic war urges us to forbear. But a request: /****************************************************************** * Please do send examples to me, and I will pass them along to * * Professor Lipsitt (as he has asked). * ******************************************************************* David Justice suggested that: >A traditional tag for such things is "nomen omen" (the name is a sign >of the thing). Terry Gordon also recalled the >Latin proverb "nomen est omen" which inspires me to various pure and >hybrid neologisms: omenclature, omenym, ominame, antenym. Christine Kamprath reminds us of >James Lipton's book An >Exaltation of Larks, which is a collection of "venereal" (i.e., >hunting) terms for groups of animals, things like "knot of toads", >"pride of lions". He noted that not only were these attested, >"legitimate" names for these groups of animals, but that they also >described a quality of the group. He then presented a second group of >terms which were not strictly "venereal" but also described a quality >of the group, e.g., a bevy of beauties (bevy < French word for >"drink", referring to beauties sitting around a pool). And then he >proposed a slew of his own humorous ones: flourish of strumpets, >(extreme) unction of undertakers, puree of strap-hangers. Alan Harris extended the discussion to visual puns, saying that examples like > the Sheila Freeze, . . . may be on the order of a "punjab"--a humorous >device to pair with pictures, e.g., picture this under-the-weather eaglehawk >in bed with thermometer in beak and the title in print "illegal" (!) On the cautionary note that is implicit (I hope!) in this expansion of the topic to puns of all kinds, I trust we will stop here, and so will I. A pun my word. Bruce Nevin bn@bbn.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1005. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1006. Tue 22 Dec 1992. Lines: 137 Subject: 3.1006 FYI: NEH, Dependency, Korean Fonts, Welsh Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 92 18:59:19 CST From: maynor@Ra.MsState.Edu (Natalie Maynor) Subject: NEH Summer Seminars for College Teachers 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 92 12:52:19 EST From: mcovingt@aisun3.ai.uga.edu (Michael Covington) Subject: New discussion group - Dependency grammar 3) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 08:53:30 +0000 From: Patrick John Coppock Subject: 3.1000 Queries: Korean Mac Fonts; Seminole 4) Date: Sat, 19 Dec 92 14:57:47 GMT From: Bill Bennett Subject: Language maintenance. -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Dec 92 18:59:19 CST From: maynor@Ra.MsState.Edu (Natalie Maynor) Subject: NEH Summer Seminars for College Teachers A list of the 1993 NEH Summer Seminars for College Teachers is available via anonymous ftp from ftp.msstate.edu or isis.msstate.edu in docs/words-l/ Misc with filename neh.seminars. (Note that is the letter l, not the number 1, in the subdirectory words-l.) If you decide to apply for one of the seminars, please tell NEH that you got the information on internet. Thanks. Natalie Maynor, Professor English Department Mississippi State University (maynor@ra.msstate.edu) PS: Thanks to a suggestion given me after I sent this announcement about the list of 1993 NEH Summer Seminars, the information is now available via gopher at gopher.msstate.edu as well as via anonymous ftp at ftp.msstate. edu or isis.msstate.edu (or ra.msstate.edu). --Natalie (maynor@ra.msstate.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 92 12:52:19 EST From: mcovingt@aisun3.ai.uga.edu (Michael Covington) Subject: New discussion group - Dependency grammar A mailing list called "DG", for discussion of dependency grammar, has been started and includes participants all over the world. To subscribe or for other assistance, email mcovingt@ai.uga.edu. -- :- Michael A. Covington internet mcovingt@uga.cc.uga.edu : :- Artificial Intelligence Programs phone 706 542-0358 : :- The University of Georgia fax 706 542-0349 : :- Athens, Georgia 30602-7415 U.S.A. amateur radio N4TMI : -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 08:53:30 +0000 From: Patrick John Coppock Subject: 3.1000 Queries: Korean Mac Fonts; Seminole Ron Smyth asks: The newest system programware for Macintosh, out this Fall, is designed to accommodate users of non-european alphabets. System 7.1 has a series of extensions which go under the heading of World Script (at present WS1 + WS2). These extensions are bundled with fonts and other text resources for amongst other languages, Japanese, Korean, Hebrew and Chinese. With World Script and theappropriate fonts and resources installed, the user is able to edit lines in Han'Gul in a separate window in a standard word processor and then move these up to the main body of the text with a carriage return. Apple Developers Association have a lot of information on System 7.1 and World Script etc. One main address for APDA is: APDA Apple Computer, Inc. PO Box 319 Buffalo, NY 14207-0319 US Tel: (800) 282-2737 (US) Tel: (800) 637-0029 (Canada) Tel: (408) 562-3910 (International) Fax: (408) 562-3971 Telex: 171-576 AppleLink: APDA CompuServe: 76666,2405 GEnie:A.DEVELOPER3 Internet: APDA@applelink.apple.com Best wishes pat coppock the multimedia lab university of trondheim avh n-7055 dragvoll norway patCoppock@avh.unit.no -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Sat, 19 Dec 92 14:57:47 GMT From: Bill Bennett Subject: Language maintenance. Anniddigrwydd yngly^n a^ Mesur 'hanesyddol' I know that the interesting debate on language survival on this BB is seemingly dead and buried. But I thought that all who remain attracted by the topic might like to know that well-meaning attempts at language maintenance continue. The British government has announced its intention to introduce a Welsh Language Bill. It is apparently intended that the 500,000 Welsh-speakers (=approx 18 percent) in Wales will be served by official texts in Welsh, both spoken and written, having the same (legal?) effect as if they were written in English. No such bilingual publication will be required, it appears, of newly- privatised utilities like water, gas and electricity or the private sector. Those who have watched this kind of middle-class misunderstanding of language use before will be pleased to see the familiar exemptions once again. Watch this space. Bill Bennett. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1006. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1007. Tue 22 Dec 1992. Lines: 69 Subject: 3.1007 Queries: Nota Bene, Cree, Joos Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 20 Dec 92 12:10 CDT From: Tom Cravens Subject: Re: 3.1003 Queries: Mongolian; Applied Linguistics 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 13:20 EST From: 00cirodman@LEO.BSUVC.BSU.EDU Subject: English and French borrowing in Cree 3) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 92 09:44:59 EST From: "Bruce E. Nevin" Subject: Joos anecdote -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 20 Dec 92 12:10 CDT From: Tom Cravens Subject: Re: 3.1003 Queries: Mongolian; Applied Linguistics Does anyone out there know of affordable IPA fonts that can be used with Nota Bene 4.0? Tom Cravens University of Wisconsin-Madison -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 13:20 EST From: 00cirodman@LEO.BSUVC.BSU.EDU Subject: English and French borrowing in Cree I would like to send out a plea for help in obtaining sources on borrowing in Cree, specifically English and French borrowings, and particularly authoritative, linguistics-oriented material, especially in Moose Cree. Short of taking a trip to James Bay (which would be nice, if a little cold just now) I can't seem to get my hands on what I need. Anything available would be much appreciated. Candace Rodman Zhang -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 92 09:44:59 EST From: "Bruce E. Nevin" Subject: Joos anecdote Quite a while ago, someone posted anecdotal information about Martin Joos, I think perhaps including conversation with him, that contextualized some of his more provocative remarks in print. The effect was that he sometimes overstated things so as to stimulate discussion. I would appreciate more information about this. Can anyone help? Bruce Nevin bn@bbn.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1007. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1008. Tue 22 Dec 1992. Lines: 157 Subject: 3.1008 Summary: Velar/Coronal Change Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 22:03:36 -0600 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Subject: Summary: velar/coronal change -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 22:03:36 -0600 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Subject: Summary: velar/coronal change Back in mid-November i posted a query, seeking examples of syllable-final velar stops changing into coronals (specifically, apicals), perhaps in the environment of another coronal, e.g. /l/. This query was motivated (1) by a desire to justify a proposed change in the pre-history of Uralic whereby a hypothesized plural marker *-kl had become -t in many languages (2) by arguments for the 'special (= unmarked, among other things) status of coronals', many of which were gathered together in a recent book by that title published by Academic Press. I got about a dozen responses, some of which lead to further discussion at a more personal level. Several people provided me with examples of the sort of thing i was looking for: Richard Coates of Sussex () told me that the Modern English word 'bat', meaning 'flying mammal', derived from a Middle English form 'bakke'. Jose Ignacio Hualde of Illinois () reports that in Basque morpheme-final velars often become /t/ in certain compounding processes ('This is a productive process to some extent', he says): beg- 'eye' + azal 'skin' = betazal 'eyelid'. One example he gave me looks as though it might involve assimilation: og- 'bread' + tarteko 'between' = otarteko 'sandwich'. More on the subject of assimilation below. Ari Pall Kristinsson of Reykjavik () pointed out that the Modern Icelandic middle voice marker -st is derived from an Old Norse form -sk (i ought to have realized this myself). He made reference to a book by Kjartan G. Ottosson, The Icelandic Middle Voice: the Morphological and Phonological Development, published this year by the Lund University Dept. of Scandinavian Languages, which i haven't been able to get my hands on yet. Fernando Martinez-Gil of Georgetown () drew my attention to the change, characteristic in some Spanish dialects, of syllable-final /k/ to an interdental fricative when followed by /t/. He referred me to T. Navarro Tomas' Manual de Pronunciacion Espanola which describes this phenomenon. Many of these velar -> coronal changes (especially those noted by Kristinsson and Martinez-Gil) at least appear to be cases of assimilation, which i originally suggested was the case in the prehistory of those Uralic languages which use -t as a plural marker. Joe Stemberger of Minnesota () also flat-out suggested that assimilation would account for what i was proposing, and that i didn't need to invoke the 'special status of coronals' to explain it. Some scholars, however, also noted examples of dissimilation, of changes in the opposite direction, along the line of Latin 'vetulus' -> LLatin 'vetlus' -> Italian 'vecchio'. Fran Karttunen of Texas () noted that the lateral affricate /tl/ characteristic of Aztec is routinely borrowed into Spanish as /kl/. John D. Phillips of the National Language Research Institute, Tokyo () notes that the fate of word-final *-kt in the various Celtic languages provides both examples and counterexamples to the 'underspecification = coronal' hypothesis: In Welsh (and, as far as i know, the other Brythonic languages, Breton and Cornish) it evolved into a dental fricative, but in Goidelic (Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic) it evolved to -xt (where 'x' represents a velar fricative); in Scottish Gaelic this is now -xk, in Manx Gaelic simply -x. Spike Gildea of Oregon () referred me to a recent ESCOL paper by Keren Rice of Toronto, in which she 'presented a great deal of data showing both diachronic and synchronic alternations between [velar and coronal segments], usually at the coda of a syllable, usually in the direction coronal -> velar. Unfortunately, i have so far been unable to get in touch with Keren to know what sort of data she is using or what her argument specifically claims. I would be interested in knowing how it affects the 'special status of coronals' hypothesis. A couple of people brought up what might be examples of neutralization of a velar/coronal distinction: John S. Coleman () notes that 'Middle Chinese had distinct labial, coronal, and velar final stops that are preserved in many modern dialects (e.g. Cantonese), but which distinctions have been lost in some words in some dialects.' One example he gives has both velar and dental final stops surfacing as dentals in Hakka. However, he notes that in Mandarin, while historically labial and coronal final nasals both surface as coronals, the velar nasals are retained in word-final position. John Kingston of Massachusetts () brought up a very interesting fact from Southern Bantu, in which Proto-Bantu palatal stops have evolved into lateral affricates. The stop portion of these affricates varies freely from coronal and velar. He agreed with me that this might well be an example of neutralization of the coronal/velar contrast, at least in this environment. But he also raised an acoustic point: 'Laterals tend to raise F3, and both F2 and F3 are high in coronals, but velars tend to lower F3 while leaving F2 high.' So why would the presence of a lateral induce a velar, as opposed to a coronal, manifestation of the stop. During further discussion between us, he suggested that both assimilation and dissimilation in this case might be the result of uncertainty as to where the high F3 associated with the lateral component begins: if it begins with the stop, then that stop is perceived as coronal, but if the high F3 is perceived as being characteristic specifically of the lateral then the stop will probably be perceived as a velar. He directed me to a paper by John J. Ohala, 'The Listener as a Source of Sound Change' in Carrie Masek, Robert Hendrick, & Mary Miller (eds.) Papers from the Parasession on Language and Behavior, CLS 1981, pp. 178-203, in which this theoretical issue is discussed in greater detail. Brian Joseph of OSU () also suggested that, since both assimilations and dissimilations involving /kl/ and /tl/ clusters are attested, an acoustic account is probably the best explanation. Finally, a couple of remarks from the field of child language acquisition: Allan Wechsler () notes that 'coronals are acquired late ... I don't know if this argues against the status of coronals you propose.' I told him i couldn't judge of the relevance of child language-acquisition data for phonetic theory, but would pass the question on to phoneticians. He acknowledged that, although one would assume 'kids would tend to prefer "unmarked" segments in early stages of acquisition', he had no strong theoretical reason to believe this is in fact the case; other explanations of the data he mentioned are possible (e.g., if +velar is indeed a 'marked' option, perhaps at a certain point in language acquisition any word containing a velar will tend to be marked +velar as a whole, with all obstruents in it being velars). But he went on to express his suspicions of theories ranking basic points of articulation in terms of markedness. Any phoneticians out there have anything to say about this? Joe Stemberger, on the other hand, noted that young children can handle word-initial velars if they are alone, but pronounce them as alveolars if they are parts of clusters (whether they pronounce the rest of the cluster or not). He referred me to a paper by Alice T. Dyson, 'Development of Velar Consonants among Normal Two-Year-Olds', Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 29:493-498 (1986) that discusses this. I will be including a version of this summary as an appendix of my paper on the reconstruction of Dravidian and Uralic plural markers. Any further comments are welcome. ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele c/o Department of Linguistics 712 W. Washington Ave. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 S. Mathews Street 217-344-8240 Urbana, IL 61801 fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1008. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1009. Tue 22 Dec 1992. Lines: 98 Subject: 3.1009 Summary: Seminole Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 14:56-0500 From: Allan C. Wechsler Subject: Summary: Seminole -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 14:56-0500 From: Allan C. Wechsler Subject: Summary: Seminole Thanks to all who responded to my query about the languages of Florida. You are listed at the end as references. The name "Seminole" does not correspond to a valid genetic group, but to two related peoples who fled south into Florida in the 17c, escaping pressure from European settlers and the Creek war. One group spoke a dialect of Creek, the other a related language called Mikasuki [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. The name itself comes from the Spanish "Cimarron" ("runaway, renegade") [1, 7]. The Seminoles displaced the original languages of Florida, Timucua in the north and Calusa in the south [2, 4, 5, 6]. Both languages are now extinct. Julian Granberry is the expert on what we have of Timucua; it's his opinion that Timucua was Arawakan, but there isn't enough data to make a conjecture about the affinities of Calusa. There may be some descendents of the Calusa in Cuba and Mexico (relocated there by the Spaniards) but they are now culturally and linguistically indistinguishable from the surrounding population [5]. Information is available from the SIL _ETHNOLOGUE Languages of the World_, ed. Barbara Grimes; contact International Linguistics Center Academic Bookstore 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd. Dallas, TX 75236 (214) 709-2404 for ordering information [3, 7]. One respondent [4] considered Ruhlen's GLW-1 a dubious source of information. Another language of N. Florida was Apalachee, also Muskogean, and now extinct [4]. One respondent called Seminole Creek "Cow Creek" [5]. Mikasuki is doing well as a language, but Seminole Creek is failing, with no young speakers [5]. One respondent [6] wanted to know how Ruhlen classified the languages in question. It's unclear what authority he follows on Muskogean, but it's probably Mary Haas. Muskogean has two branches, a Western branch containing only Choctaw (and, presumably, Chickasaw, although Ruhlen does not mention it as a separate language -- this may contribute to [4]'s opinion of Ruhlen), and an Eastern branch. Under Eastern he lists five languages: Mikasuki, Muskogee = Creek, Apalachee (extinct), Alabama, and Koasati; the last two form a genetic group of their own, called Alabama-Koasati. Muskogean Western Choctaw Eastern Mikasuki Muskogee = Creek Apalachee + Alabama-Koasati Alabama Koasati Ruhlen follows Greenberg in assigning Timucua to Paezan. [1] Bruce Nevin BN@BBN.COM [2] George Aaron Broadwell AA2429@UOKMVSA.BACKBONE.UOKNOR.EDU [3] Steve Chandler STEVEROY@IDUT1.CSRV.UIDAHO.EDU [4] Pam Munro IBENAJY@MVS.OAC.UCLA.EDU [5] Jack Martin JMARTIN@RICEVM1.RICE.EDU [6] John E. Koontz KOONTZ@ALPHA.BLDR.NIST.GOV [7] Roland Walker ROLAND.WALKER@A1.DALLAS.SIL.ORG [8] Mike Maxwell MAXWELL@JAARS.SIL.ORG citing Dave West Linguist List: Vol-3-1009. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1010. Wed 23 Dec 1992. Lines: 141 Subject: 3.1010 Conferences: Cognitive Science Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 92 12:16:28 -0700 From: scumming@clipr.colorado.edu (Susanna Cumming) Subject: Cognitive Science -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Dec 92 12:16:28 -0700 From: scumming@clipr.colorado.edu (Susanna Cumming) Subject: Cognitive Science Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY A MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITION June 18 - 21, 1993 University of Colorado at Boulder Call for Participation with Revised Deadlines This year's conference aims at broad coverage of the many and diverse methodologies and topics that comprise Cognitive Science. In addition to computer modeling, the meeting will feature research in computational, theoretical, and psycho-linguistics; cognitive neuroscience; conceptual change and education; artificial intelligence; philosophical foundations; human-computer interaction and a number of other approaches to the study of cognition. A plenary session honoring the memory of Allen Newell is scheduled. Plenary addresses will be given by: Alan Baddeley Andy DiSessa Paul Smolensky Sandra Thompson Bonnie Webber The conference will also highlight invited research papers: Conceptual Change: (Organizers: Nancy Songer & Walter Kintsch) Frank Keil Gaea Leinhardt Ashwin Ram Jeremy Rochelle Language Learning: (Organizers: Paul Smolensky & Walter Kintsch) Michael Brent Robert Frank Brian MacWhinney Situated Action: (Organizer: James Martin) Leslie Kaebling Pattie Maes Bonnie Nardi Alonso Vera Visual Perception & Cognitive Neuroscience: (Organizer: Michael Mozer) Marlene Behrmann Robert Jacobs Hal Pashler David Plaut PAPER SUBMISSIONS With the goal of assembling a high-quality program representative of the diversity of methods and topics in cognitive science, we invite papers presenting interdisciplinary research addressing any cognitive domain and using any of the diverse methodologies of the field. Papers are specifically solicited which address the topics of the invited research sessions listed above. Authors should submit five (5) copies of the paper in hard copy form to: Cognitive Science 1993 Submissions Dr. Martha Polson Institute of Cognitive Science Campus Box 344 University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0344 DAVID MARR MEMORIAL PRIZES FOR EXCELLENT STUDENT PAPERS Papers with a student first author will be eligible to compete for a David Marr Memorial Prize for excellence in research and presentation. The David Marr Prizes are accompanied by a $300.00 honorarium, and are funded by an anonymous donor. LENGTH Papers must be a maximum of six (6) pages long (excluding only the cover page), must have at least 1 inch margins on all sides, and must use no smaller that 10 point type. Camera-ready versions will be required only after authors are notified of acceptance. COVER PAGE Each copy of the paper must include a cover page, separate from the body of the paper, which includes, in order: 1. Title of paper. 2. Full names, postal addresses, phone numbers and e-mail addresses (if possible) of all authors. 3. An abstract of no more than 200 words. 4. The area(s) in which the paper should be reviewed. When possible, please list, in decreasing order of relevance, 1-3 of the following keywords: action/motor control, acquisition/learning, cognitive architecture, cognitive neuroscience, connectionism, conceptual change/education, decision making, foundations, human-computer interaction, language (indicate subarea), memory, reasoning and problem solving, perception, situated action/cognition, skill/expertise. 5. Preference for presentation format: Talk or poster, talk only, poster only. Poster sessions will be highlighted in this year's conference. The proceedings will not distinguish between papers presented orally and those presented as posters. 6. A note stating if the paper is eligible to compete for a Marr Prize. For jointly authored papers, include a note from the student author's advisor explaining the student's contribution to the research. DEADLINE ***** PAPERS ARE DUE FEBRUARY 2, 1993. ****** SYMPOSIA Proposals for symposia are also invited. Proposals should indicate: (1) A brief description of the topic; (2) How the symposium would address a broad cognitive science audience; (3) Names of symposium organizer(s); (4) List of potential speakers, their topics, and some estimate of their likelihood of participation; (5) Proposed symposium format (designed to last 90 minutes). Symposium proposals should be sent as soon as possible, but no later than February 2, 1993. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT Dr. Martha Polson Institute of Cognitive Science Campus Box 344 University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0344 E-mail: Cogsci@clipr.colorado.edu Telephone: (303) 492-7638 FAX: (303) 492-2967 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1010. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1011. Wed 23 Dec 1992. Lines: 44 Subject: 3.1011 Old English Object Deletion Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Dec 92 11:44:09 EST From: Geoffrey Russom Subject: Re: 3.1002 Summary: Archaic "Go to" -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Dec 92 11:44:09 EST From: Geoffrey Russom Subject: Re: 3.1002 Summary: Archaic "Go to" With regard to the speculation that expressions like "go to" derive (historically) from object deletion, I think the Old English evidence is sufficient to show that "go to" derives from a verb-adverb construction. During the Old English period, what the philologists call "prepositional adverbs" can be used (1) clitic to nouns as prepositions; (2) clitic to verbs as unstressed prefixes, typically restricting the verbal composite to an epistemic sense; (3) compounded with nouns (often clearly deverbatives) and bearing the primary stress usual for first constituents in compounds; (4) before verbs but with a stress that can be verified by metrical evidence and without restriction of the verb to an epistemic sense; (5) with stress after the verb. The verbs associated with prepositional adverbs can be transitive or intransitive. Categories (4) and (5) look to me at least like VP adverbs. If so, "Go to" is syntactically like "Go away", with the meaning "Giddadahere". How "Go to" was derived synchronically by speakers of Early Modern English is of course another matter. If the prepositional adverbs themselves developed by object deletion, this happened way before there was anything you could call English. -- Rick -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1011. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1012. Wed 23 Dec 1992. Lines: 215 Subject: 3.1012 Summary: Yes/No Gestures Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 92 00:13:52 EST From: Vincent Su Subject: summery of yes/no gestures -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 92 00:13:52 EST From: Vincent Su Subject: summery of yes/no gestures Summery of Yes/No Gestures Thanks for those who reply my query of yes/no gestures. The following is my summary: 1. Abyssinians: No : jerk their heads to the right shoulder, in a sort of midified head shake. Yes : throw the head back and raising the eyebrows 2. American (From: Eilidh Swan ) Yes : nod my head up and down No : nod my head side to side. "No" can also be indicated by moving my hands in opposable motion (both moving in, both moving out), palms down. (similar to baseball "Safe.") 3. ASL (American Sign Language) (From: Eilidh Swan ) yes = a closed fist, nodding up and down like nodding your head.( also from: Mary Jack ) no = thumb and first two fingers open and extended, last two fingers held against the palm, bringing the top two fingers down to meet the thumb, similar to the closing of a bird's beak. (try it, you should see what I mean.) 4. Brazil (from: spikegil@OREGON) No : waggle fingers most often in front of the speakers mouth (although maybe several inches out in front, not like the U.S. "shush" sign). 5. Farsi (Iran) (From: jimlong@garnet.berkeley.edu) No : S/he can demonstrate the `head toss' "no" and the `head toss' accompanied by a click that means emphatic no. 6. France (From: HSEZ@TWNAS886.BITNET) Yes : we nod from up to down and No : from right to left (gestures repeated many times; 'no' may be also expressed by a similar sign made with the hand. 7. Greek (1) From: hartmut@ruc.dk (Hartmut Haberland) No : close the eyes (optional) and throw the head upwards in a slightly slanted direction. Since the head automatically goes back down to 'zero' position, this can be interpreted as a nod by foreigners (and thus misunderstood as 'yes'instead of 'no'.) (An optional click of the tongue can be added.) Yes: nodd, usually sideways. This can again be misconstrued as shaking your head for disapproval. (2) From: Stavros Macrakis ) No : the word for "no" is /oxi/. The corresponding non-word sound is a post-dental click (tsk), and the gesture is a _sharp_ lifting of the chin and quick raising of the eyebrows. The hand signal is a raising of the fingers of the right hand (held together); this can be very subtle (just uncurling the fingers) or very big (like raising your hand in class). Yes: the word for "yes" is /ne/ (spelled nai). The non-word sound is /m/ (less common than tsk for no, usually with a low then rising tone) and the gesture is a slower twist of the head (chin goes to speaker's left and top of head goes to right), and sometimes a _slow_ blink of the eyes (as though falling asleep). I can't think of a hand signal that means YES unambiguously, but the signal for WHY NOT?" often accompanies a YES response. In fact, the other signs for YES also can mean WHY NOT? depending on how they are delivered. WHY NOT: can of course also mean YES or THAT WOULD BE NICE. It has the YES head motion with the edges of the lips turned down or the lips pursed. /m/ with appropriate tone can be WHY NOT?. Hand signal can be a curled hand twisted outwards. (Hard to describe all these.) The various signs can occur separately, e.g. raising of the eyebrows alone for NO, slow blink for YES, etc. I think most of this is common to the whole Middle East. 8. Indian/ Indians (Delhi) (Mary Jack ) No : similar to American 'yes', i.e. head bobbing forward and backward; Yes : a side to side motion of the head, ears moving towards their respective shoulders alternately 9. Japanese (Mary Jack) Yes: move their whole upper body forward (once). No : either a blank face or not exist in the lexicon or body language. 10. Lebanon (From: Ernest McCarus ) Yes: 1) lowering the head (from normal position to just above chest) 2) blinking both eyes (for example, when drinking and you cannot talk) No : 1) raising the head (i.e., tilting it back; the opposite of 1 above) 2) raising the eyebrows 3) saying "tsk" (implisive dental click) once (several in a row means "too bad!") 4) flipping the right palm up so revealing the palm Of the "no" gestures, #3 is the most common, but it also often occurs in conjunction with #1 or #2 or both. 11. Moari "yes" and "Sicilian "no" : raise their chins, tilting the haed back (Labarre 1947). 12. Modern Hebrew (Mary Jack) No : a frown together with a clicking sound somewhat like 'tsk' in the disapproval 'tsk tsk' used here. 13. Naples, Italy (From: macleod@sapir.cs.nyu.edu (Catherine Macleod)) No : a quick lifting up and back of the head while clicking the tongue against the roof of the mouth. Since we in the U.S. nod up and down for yes, I was always confused. Another sign used for "no" in Naples is a hand gesture with thumb and index finger extended, the other three fingers touching the palm while rotating the wrist. 14. Nepal (From: spikegil@OREGON) Yes: a short, sharp sideways jerk of the chin (which results in the whole head tipping from side to side once). When this gesture is repeated, the side-to-side tilt of the head can be very comical. This is usually accompanied by a single grunt: "uh" (phonetically glottal stop followed by long schwa]. No : I don't recall a gesture for "no" (although perhaps it is a shake of the head just like in the U.S.), but the grunt was similar to the U.S. grunt "Uh-Huh" for "yes", except it ends with a sharp glottal stop: "uh-hu'" (i.e., a two syllable grunt, the first a glottal stop followed by a short schwa, the second a glottal fricative, short schwa, and sharp glottal stop). 15. Philippines (from David Gil ) YES: raise both eyebrows. 16. Turkey (from David Gil ) NO : raise both eyebrows. 17. Venezuela (from: spikegil@OREGON) No : hold the hand in a fist (curled fingers towards interlocutor) with the index finger extended and pointing upward, then waggling the finger from side to side (with the forearm/wrist as the fulcrum of the waggle). The waggled finger is at head height but often off to the side of the speakers's face. 18. Hypothesis & bibliography (1) From: David Gil of National University of Singapre With regard to head nods/shakes, I've given the matter some thought, and it seems to me that one can define the gestures in terms of their axis of symmetry. For example, in English, YES is a shake around a horizontal ear-to-ear axis, whereas NO is a shake around the vertical axis. In Albanian, YES is a shake around the vertical axis, and hence identical to English NO. The Indian "head wobble", meaning (roughly) YES, had me puzzled for many years, until I figured out that it's a shake around a horizontal front-to-back axis; the third logical possibility. However, K.P.Mohanan (personal communication) informs me that there are differences between north and south Indian gestures, so there would seem to be lots of scope for further work on the matter. (2) From: Brian D Joseph Let me draw to your attention, in case you don't already know it, the book by Desmond Morris entitled Gestures. It is very informative and interesting, and covers yes/no in Europe and the Middle East and parts of Africa. Thanks again for all you help. Merry Xmas and Happy New Year. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1012. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1013. Sun 27 Dec 1992. Lines: 115 Subject: 3.1013 Summary: Readings on Machine Translation Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 92 09:53:11 PST From: COMRIE@VM.USC.EDU Subject: Summary: Machine Translation -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 92 09:53:11 PST From: COMRIE@VM.USC.EDU Subject: Summary: Machine Translation The response to my request for basic readings on Machine Translation was more than I could have expected. Many thanks to all those who responded: Ken Beesley, Dave Braze, Ernst Buchberger, Matthew Crocker, Dominique Estival, John Hutchins, Bob Ingria, Haewon Kim, Dong-Young Lee, John McNaught, Jerry Morgan, Joseph Pentheroudakis, Richard Sproat, Gretchen Whitney. The following is a summary of the readings suggested by respondents: Allen, James. 1987. Natural language understanding. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings. Copeland, C., J. Durand, S. Krauwer, B. Maegaard,eds. 1991. The EUROTRA linguistic specifications. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. (And other volumes in the series Studies in Machine Translation and Natural Language Processing, of which this is vol. 1.) Dorr, Bonnie. [Recent MIT dissertation.] Grishman, Ralph. 1986. Computational linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hutchins, W.J. 1986. Machine translation: past, present, future. Chichester: Ellis Horwood. Hutchins, W. John and Harold L. Somers. 1992. An introduction to machine translation. London, San Diego, etc.: Academic Press. [Most up-to-date introduction, with good bibliography.] King, Margaret, ed. 1984. Machine translation today: the state of the art. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Nagao, Makoto. 1989. Machine translation: how far can it go? Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Japanese original publ. by Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 1986.) Nagao, M., H. Tanaka, T. Makino, H. Nomura, H. Uchida, S. Ishizaki, eds. 1989. Machine translation summit. Tokyo: Ohmsha. (And subsequent MT Summits; I don't have publication details). Nirenburg, Sergei, ed. 1987. Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Also proceedings of the three later International Conferences on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation: the Second in Pittsburgh, the Third in Austin, the Fourth in Montreal.) Nirenburg, S. 1989. ' Knowledge-based machine translation'. Machine Translation 4:5-24. Nirenburg, S. et al. 1992. Machine translation: a knowledge-based approach. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Slocum, Jonathan. 1985. 'A survey of machine translation: its history, current status and future prospects'. Computational Linguistics, 11:1-17 (and other articles in this pair of special issues of CT). Slocum, Jonathan, ed. 1988. Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, February 23--26, 1992. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann (selected papers). Steiner, E., P. Schmidt, C. Zelinsky-Wibbelt, eds. 1988. From syntax to semantics, insights from machine translation. London: Pinter. Other suggested journal, etc. sources: Machine Translation (publ. by Kluwer) Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Journal of the American Society for Information Science Proceedings of the ACL Proceedings of the ASIS annual conference Proceedings of COLING Proceedings of the European ACL Relevant professional associations: Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (655 Fifteenth Street, N.W., Suite 310, Washington, DC 20005) International Association for Machine Translation Newsletter: Machine Translation News International -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1013. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1014. Tue 29 Dec 1992. Lines: 113 Subject: 3.1014 FYI: Korean Mac Fonts; New List: Turkish NLP Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 92 00:04:01 CST From: Yukihiro Yumitani <1N2QLRES@UKANVM.bitnet> Subject: Korean Mac fonts (WorldScript, foreign language scripts) 2) Date: Mon, 28 Dec 92 12:09:04 +0200 From: ko@TRBILUN.bitnet (Kemal Oflazer) Subject: Announcement of a List on Natural Language Processing In Turkish -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 92 00:04:01 CST From: Yukihiro Yumitani <1N2QLRES@UKANVM.bitnet> Subject: Korean Mac fonts (WorldScript, foreign language scripts) In Linguist List Vol-3-1006, Patrick Coppock writes: Apple Developers Association have a lot of information on System 7.1 and World Script etc. Actually, APDA has so little info on WorldScript or foreign language modules for System 7.1. I called them several times to ask about Japanese and other Asian language scripts, but none of the reps that I talked with was helpful. One did say that KanjiTalk (Japanese operating system for the Mac) is sold only through KanjiTalk dealers in the U.S. There is a company, SystemSoft, which is an exclusive distributor for Japanese (and some other foreign Mac) operating systems in the U.S. They also carry TrueType and PostScript Type 1 Japanese fonts. (Sorry, I didn't ask about Korean.) They can be reached at 800-882-8856, if you are in the U.S. (or e-mail KANJI.SALES@AppleLink.Apple.com). Incidentally, the Mac Developer CDs available through APDA sometimes contain foreign operating systems (with some fonts included), although APDA reps don't volunteer to say this. I don't think any of the Asian (and perhaps no non-American) language modules are for sale yet outside the countries where the languages are used. If you are in an urgent need for a Korean OS (not just a font), contact Ecological Linguistics (Box 15156, Washington, D.C. 20003; 202-546- 5862). They carry some foreign versions of System 6.0.7, including Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hebrew, and Arabic. If you only want foreign-language fonts, both this company and Linguist's Software (POBox 580, Edmonds, WA, USA 98020-0580; 206-775-1130) carry many fonts. (Note System 6 doesn't run on some newer Macs. Also, KanjiTalk 7, which is compatible with WorldScript II under System 7.1 won't be released in the U.S. until February, at the earliest. I guess this is also the case with other Asian language modules. Some foreign versions of System 7.0.1 can be FTPed from ftp.apple.com.) Yukihiro Yumitani (1N2QLRES@ukanvm.cc.ukans.edu or 1N2QLRES@ukanvm.BITNET) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 28 Dec 92 12:09:04 +0200 From: ko@TRBILUN.bitnet (Kemal Oflazer) Subject: Announcement of a List on Natural Language Processing In Turkish Dear Colleagues We announce the formation of a mailing / discussion list for natural language processing and computational linguistics studies on the Turkish language. Detailed information follows. Kemal Oflazer Cem Bozsahin Bilkent University Middle East Technical Univ. Computer Engineering Department Computer Engineering Dept Bilkent, ANKARA, 06533 TURKIYE Ankara, TURKIYE e-mail: ko@trbilun.bitnet bozsahin@trmetu.bitnet fax: (90) 4 - 266-4126 tel: (90) 4 - 266-4133 ------------------------------------------- Turkish Natural Language Processing Discussion Group The purpose of this list is to form a discussion group on natural language processing (nlp) studies on the Turkish language. We welcome all submissions that are on, or related to, (a) computer-based analysis or synthesis of turkish, (b) application of linguistic theories to the language, (c) linguistic tools and their applicability, (d) implications/adaptation of current computational linguistic models to turkish (e) announcements of relevant events (seminar, colloquia, etc.) (f) announcements of software tools and databases such as parsers, morpholgical analyzers, MRD's and lexicons, Turkish text corpus, etc. The list is not moderated at this time. Contributions may be in Turkish, English or any other language that may find an audience in the group. To subscribe, please send a message to: listserv@trmetu.bitnet with sub bildil in its body. To post articles, send your message to : bildil@trmetu.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1014. ________________________________________________________________ Linguist List: Vol-3-1015. Tue 29 Dec 1992. Lines: 50 Subject: 3.1015 Job: Applied Linguistics in Canada Moderators: Anthony Aristar: Texas A&M University Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan University Assistant Editor: Brian Wallace: bwallace@emunix.emich.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1992 14:46:43 +0400 (AST) From: Robert Thiel Subject: Applied Linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1992 14:46:43 +0400 (AST) From: Robert Thiel Subject: Applied Linguistics The Department of English invites applications for two tenure track appointments, one in the teaching of English as a Second Language and Linguistics, the other in the teaching of language composttion and possibly literature according to the candidate's specialization and the department's fluctuating needs. Both positions require a Ph.D in a field of English providing foundations for the teaching and development of programmes in ESL and linguistics (POsition 1) or in remedial language, rhetoric, and literature (Position 2). All candidates should be fully fluent in both spoken and written French as well as English. Professorial ranking is to be commensurate with qualifications and experience. These appointments are to enter into effect July 1, 1993. Clsing date for applications is January 15, 1993. Applications with curriculum vitae and names of three referees should be sent to: Joseph Casey, Director Department of English Universite de Moncton Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9 In accordance with Canadian Immigration requirements, this advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens and permanent residents of Canada. Universite de Moncton is committed to a policy of employment equity. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linguist List: Vol-3-1015. ________________________________________________________________ [Moderators' note: The following message describes how to do things on LINGUIST, and with the LINGUISTS Nameserver. We send this out every few weeks so that it will be available through the same channel as the messages, rather like the stylesheet in the front cover of a paper journal. It will always appear without a volume number and with the subject line "LINGUIST How-To's" followed by the date of the latest update, and the annotation (REV) if the file has been changed since the last posting, and (UNREV) if it has not. Change bars (|) mark these modified sections.] ---VERY IMPORTANT--- When communicating with the Listserv you MUST use the routing appropriate to your subscription. If you are a Bitnet subscriber, messages sent to the Internet address of the Listserv will very often be rejected, and an Internet subscriber who mails to the Listserv's Bitnet address will be spurned with equal alacrity. If you're receiving LINGUIST yet your messages to the Listserv are unsuccessful, always try using both the Internet and the Bitnet address of the Listserv. You may be subscribed under either kind of addressing, depending on how you sent your original subscription request. ------------------------------ HOW TO: 1) SUBSCRIBE TO LINGUIST: Send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (if you are on the Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (if you are on Bitnet) The message should consist of the following line only: subscribe linguist Ex: subscribe linguist Jane Doe 2) TEMPORARILY STOP RECEIVING LINGUIST: Send a message to the Listserv (NOT to the main LINGUIST address) at the address in (1) above. The message should consist of the following line only: set linguist nomail You might do this if, for example, you are going on vacation for a few weeks. When you return, simply do (3) below. 3) RESTART LINGUIST AFTER HAVING SET YOURSELF TO "NOMAIL": Send a message to the Listserv, at the address in (1) above. The message should consist of the following line only: set linguist mail 4) PERMANENTLY REMOVE YOURSELF FROM THE LIST: Send a message to the Listserv, as in (1) above. The message should consist of the following line only: unsub linguist 5) FIND OUT WHY YOU AREN'T GETTING LINGUIST: Send a message to the Listserv, as in (1) above. The message should consist of the following line only: query linguist This will tell you the status of your own subscription. If you find you've been set to Nomail, you can restart your subscription by following (3) above. If you find that the Listserv has no record of you, simply resubscribe by following (1) above. (Your subscription may have been deleted because messages were bouncing from the address you gave us, and we weren't able to contact you.) 6) GET THE LISTSERV TO CORRECT YOUR NAME: Send a "subscribe" command as described in (1). Listserv treats a "subscribe" command from someone who is already subscribed to the list as a name change request. If, on the other hand, you want to change your ADDRESS, please contact the moderators. 7) GET THE NAMES AND E-MAIL ADDRESSES OF LINGUIST SUBSCRIBERS: Send a message to the Listserv, as in (1) above. The message should consist of the single line: review linguist If you wish to receive a list which is categorized by country, send the following message: review linguist (country Yes, there IS only one parenthesis here! 8) JOIN IN THE LINGUIST DISCUSSION: Address your message to: Linguist@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Linguist@tamvm1 (Bitnet) Or simply select the Reply option while reading a LINGUIST message. Please do not reply to more than one LINGUIST posting in a single message. This gives the editors a lot of extra work! 9) RETRIEVE A FILE FROM THE LISTSERV: We frequently announce that large files are available on the Listserv. To get such a file sent to you as a mail message, follow the instructions given in the message announcing that the file is available. BUT REMEMBER: The address for retrieving files is different from the address for posting a message to LINGUIST. Most of our files are kept on listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu, but a few are kept elsewhere. So be sure to use the address given in the announcement. Usually it will tell you to send a message consisting of the following line: get linguist Ex: get lsa lst linguist (This will retrieve the list of e-mail addresses for LSA members.) If the listserv tells you that the file is unknown to it, you may just have the wrong name. Get a listing of all the files it has by sending the listserv the message: index linguist 10) PUT A FILE ON THE LISTSERV: We ask that you put very long files (e.g. over 400 lines) of longterm interest on the Listserv, rather than posting them to the entire list. Files appropriate for the Listserv include conference abstracts; linguistic surveys; long bibliographies; reports on projects directly relevant to linguistic research (e.g., the Text-Encoding Initiative); and other material of wide interest within the linguistics community. If you have material to put on the Listserv: Head the material EITHER "For the Listserv" OR "For the Listserv--announcement follows" and send it to: Linguist@tamvm1.tamu.edu In other words, send it exactly like a regular LINGUIST message. We will put it on the Listserv for you and announce to the list that it is available. Depending on your header, we will announce it in one of two ways: If you have headed it, " . . . announcement follows" we'll wait for your summary announcement and post that, after appending our standard header telling how to retrieve the complete file. THIS IS THE OPTION WHICH WE WOULD PREFER, since it ensures a coherent announcement. Please make your announcement brief and send it, as a second mail message, to the same address. If you have headed it simply "For the Listserv," we'll post the first few lines of the file, after appending our standard header telling how to retrieve the complete file. 11) GET A BACK ISSUE OF LINGUIST: If the issue you want is one from the last year or so, these are still available on line from the listserv. Since these are kept in archive files, you'll need to send a database query to the listserv asking for an index of all back issues. You get such a listing by sending the following to the listserv: //SEARCH JOB ECHO=NO DATABASE SEARCH DD=RULES //RULES DD * SEARCH * IN LINGUIST INDEX and it will return the listing of all issue numbers, with their headers. To retrieve an issue, send the message: //SEARCH JOB ECHO=NO DATABASE SEARCH DD=RULES //RULES DD * SEARCH * IN LINGUIST PRINT Item-Number to the address: listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) Note that you use the Listserv's OWN item number, NOT the LINGUIST issue number. More than one issue can be retrieved at once. For more help on how to use the database, see (12) below. 12) GET ISSUES RELEVANT TO A PARTICULAR DISCUSSION: You remember that there was a discussion a while back about Acehnese, but can't remember exactly when. You need to use the database functions of Listserv, so that you can get it to track down the issues for you. You send the following to the listserv: //SEARCH JOB ECHO=NO DATABASE SEARCH DD=RULES //RULES DD * SEARCH ACEHNESE IN LINGUIST INDEX and it returns a listing of issues which mention Acehnese. But how do you retrieve the issues you want? (11) above will tell how to do it. For more complex searches than this one, you'll need to find out more on how to use Listserv's database. So you send the message: get database help linguist to the address: listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) 13) GET THE LISTSERV TO COOPERATE WHEN IT HASN'T SO FAR: If you've been getting LINGUIST but haven't been able to get files, set nomail, etc., the Listserv may have an address which differs from the one on your mail-messages. A sure sign that the Listserv doesn't recognize you is the response "DATA CONTROL ACCESS VIOLATION" when you try a database search, or a sentence beginning "You are not authorized to..." when you try to get a subscriber list. This simply means that the Listserv doesn't know who you are, and is refusing to allow a non-subscriber access to LINGUIST data. There are a number of ways to handle this: a. If you have both a Bitnet and an Internet address, make sure that you're sending messages to the Listserv by the appropriate routing. Try sending messages to both of the Listserv's addresses to see if one works. b. Check to see if your address has changed since you subscribed. If this has happened, you'll need to resubscribe and tell the moderators to remove your old address. c. Many people also receive LINGUIST through local redistribution lists. Such a subscription allows you to read LINGUIST, but not to access its data. If this is your situation, you'll have to subscribe personally. You can set yourself to nomail if you want to continue receiving mail through the distribution list. If all else fails, ask the moderators for help. 14) GET EXTRA HELP WITH ANY OF THE ABOVE: Send a message to either of us: aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu (Anthony Aristar) hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) We'll be happy to help if we can. --Helen & Anthony ------------------------------------- HOW TO USE THE LINGUISTS NAMESERVER The LINGUISTS NAMESERVER is a program which allows linguists to find the e-mail addresses of other linguists. ALL SUBSCRIBERS TO LINGUIST SHOULD SEND THEIR OWN LISTING TO THE NAMESERVER WHEN THEY FIRST SUBSCRIBE, in the way described below. NB: The LINGUISTS Nameserver is administered independently from the LINGUIST mailing list. All ENQUIRIES about the server should be sent to the administrator of the nameserver, Norval Smith, at the address NSMITH@ALF.LET.UVA.NL. DO NOT SEND ANY NAMESERVER MESSAGES TO LINGUIST@TAMSUN.TAMU.EDU OR TO LINGUIST@TAMVM1. These addresses will not be able to deal with them. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ All nameserver messages using the commands below should be sent by e-mail to: linguists@alf.let.uva.nl (linguist@alf.let.uva.nl works too) 1) To get a listing of (an) address(es): list SURNAME 2) To add an address to the Nameserver list: add SURNAME, FIRSTNAME: USERNAME@ADDRESS 3) To remove an address from the Nameserver list: remove SURNAME, FIRSTNAME: USERNAME@ADDRESS 4) To receive the whole list (230 Kb) list * 5) To get a complete HELP message: help 6) To get a list of available FAX numbers: list fax Some Do's and Don'ts. NB-1: All capitalized portions of the above commands are variables. Replace with the relevant names. NB-2: Please use only lower-case letters. NB-3: Start all commands at the left margin. NB-4: Start each command on a new line. As many commands as you like in one message. NB-5: It's just a dumb computer. No message other than the above commands will have any effect at all. NB-6: Please don't attempt to reach us with a TELL message. You will only get a NO SUCH NODE message back. ________________________________________________________________ monetary donations to help in the maintainance of LINGUIST. As you have noted, the volume of messages is large; and our institutions have not always been able to offer us the editorial help we need. However, in the past we've refused all offers because we had no mechanism for accepting donations; nor did we want to seem to profit personally from LINGUIST. Now, however, we have an opportunity to establish a non- profit "LINGUIST Development Fund," to be used solely to support a graduate student at EMU or Texas A&M who will work 10 hours a week as an editorial assistant on LINGUIST. The Graduate Dean at Eastern Michigan U. has agreed to administer the fund; and since it will be administered by an independent agent as a fellowship fund, we hope it will be clear that it does not offer any monetary benefit to Anthony or me. The fund will consist solely of whatever voluntary contributions we can collect. However, the Graduate Dean at EMU has agreed to supplement these with a tuition waiver. We will not (we promise) be indulging in extended fund raisers in the style of PBS. (For you non-Americans, that's a TV network that extorts money through telethons in which celebrities refuse to get off the screen until desperate viewers contribute the required sum.) We have no celebrities and no threats to offer. But, if any of you _want_ to help us secure editorial support for LINGUIST, you can now send your contributions to: The LINGUIST Development Fund c/o The Department of English Literature and Language Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti, MI 48104 USA Attn: Wanda Checks should be made payable to "The LINGUIST Development Fund." And contributions of any size are welcome: after all, if we collected $10 from every subscriber we'd have money for SIX full fellowships. But right now we're only hoping to raise $5000 to fund one graduate student for a year. ______________________ Thanks again for your support--both tangible and intangible. And have a happy and productive 1993! Sincerely, The Moderators Helen & Anthony ________________________________________________________________ We have a few announcements to post, but first we'd like to thank all of you who sent us Christmas greetings. Unfortunately, on Christmas Eve our ancient IBM pc gave up the ghost, so we weren't able to respond to you in time for Christmas. But now--from our shiny new pc- we'd like to extend sincere and hearty good wishes for a happy new year to all our subscribers. . . . . . and we'd like to add an early valentine, since the end of LINGUIST's second year of operation has led us to reflect once again on the caliber of LINGUIST subscribers. We appreciate your courtesy in adhering to editorial policies, your forbearance at the occasional foul-up, your willingness to offer help and appreciation, and--primarily--the consistently high quality of the messages you post to the list. LINGUIST now around 3000 members and has become the largest academic list in the world. Its success is due primarily to the enthusiasm and cooperation of our subscribers. We look forward to more of the same in 1993. Sincerely, The Moderators Anthony & Helen ________________________________ Announcements: 1) LINGUIST will be "on vacation" from today (Dec. 29) through Jan. 10. We'll resume posting after we return from attending the meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Jan. 7-10. 2) We'd like to thank all of you who responded to our query about commercial book announcements on LINGUIST. We had 61 responses: 59 for and 2 against the proposal. The negative responses cited fear of commercialism and of junk mail. The 59 in favor, however, felt that access to information about new books outweighed the potential hazards. Particularly enthusiastic were scholars without institutional affiliations, scholars outside the USA, and "lone linguists," i.e., scholars in institutions without linguistics departments or colleagues with whom to discuss books. Several responses did query our announced restriction to "core linguistics publishers," so we'd like to clarify that we meant: core [ linguistics publishers ] NOT [ core linguistics ] publishers. That is, we are not taking it on ourselves to decide what is/is not "core" linguistics. Instead, we have established stringent participation guidelines and will leave it up to the publishers to decide whether it is worth their while to comply with them. We believe that only publishers with a substantial list of linguistics books will choose to participate; and this will perform the very necessary function of reducing the number of announcements. We've interpreted your responses as a mandate to proceed; so we'll be discussing the proposed book announcement policy at LSA with the commercial publishers who mount book exhibits there.