________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1051. Tue 14 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 193 Subject: 4.1051 FYI: Journal, Section Z, POS Tagger, New List, Albanian Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 11 Dec 1993 06:34:36 -0600 (CST) From: Eric Johnson Subject: _TEXT Technology_ 2) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 93 10:07 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: announcement 3) Date: Wed, 01 Dec 93 08:33:35 -0500 From: andersen@cgi.com Subject: summary of responses on POS tagger, collocation finder 4) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 17:40:28 -0500 (EST) From: Petr.Zemanek@ff.cuni.cz (Petr Zemanek) Subject: new Ancient Near East list 5) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 14:28:49 -0500 (EST) From: connie Christo Subject: Albanian Linguist -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 11 Dec 1993 06:34:36 -0600 (CST) From: Eric Johnson Subject: _TEXT Technology_ Announcement for readers of _TEXT Technology_ Please read and pass on to friends and to other electronic lists. Due to the unanticipated level of its success, the journal TEXT Technology will be substantially expanded. Starting, with Volume 4 (the 1994 calendar year), each issue will contain more articles and reviews -- many of them presenting subjects in greater depth. The journal will be published quarterly, and the Editorial Board will be expanded. The format will also change to 7-by-9-inch pages with perfect binding. The full title of the publication will now more completely describe its contents: TEXT Technology The Journal of Computer Text Processing TEXT Technology will continue to publish articles and reviews about all facets of using computers for the creation, processing, communication, and analysis of texts. It is designed for academic and corporate researchers, writers, editors, and teachers. The quarterly journal contains timely reviews of books and software, discussions of applications for the analysis of literary works and other texts, bibliographic citations, and much more. Recent issues of TEXT Technology have contained articles about the ideal computing lab for composition classes, counting the amount of quotation in novels, programming in Icon, converting documents from Macintosh to PC formats, as well as reviews of books about Internet and reviews of new versions of WordPerfect, AmiPro, and OS/2. Submissions of articles are welcome. They should be sent to the Editor as ASCII files via email to JohnsonE@columbia.dsu.edu. Writers of book or software reviews are encouraged to contact the Editor before submitting reviews. Authors will normally receive notices of acceptance and referees' comments promptly via email. New yearly subscription rates are in effect immediately: in the U.S., Individuals: $45.00; Institutions: $72.00. Canadian orders add $7.00; all other nations add $15.00 (all prices U.S. funds). To subscribe using a MasterCard or Visa credit card, send name and address, card number and expiration date via email to LangnerS@columbia.dsu.edu. To subscribe by regular mail, send credit card information, check, or institutional purchase order to TEXT Technology, 114 Beadle Hall, Dakota State University, SD 57042-1799 USA. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 93 10:07 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: announcement The Linguistics Section (Z) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) will meet at the San Francisco meeting on Monday, February 21 from noon until 2 pm in the Teakwood A room of the Hilton. If you will be at the AAAS meeting please attend the Section meeting.and i would also appreciate your letting me know (e-mail: iyo1vaf@mvs.oac.ucla.edu) if you plan to attend. There will be coffee and maybe even lunch. Check the LINGUIST NET for further announcements. Vicki Fromkin, Secretary, Section Z -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 01 Dec 93 08:33:35 -0500 From: andersen@cgi.com Subject: summary of responses on POS tagger, collocation finder Thanks to all who responded regarding my query on software to tag parts of speech and phrases in text. Below is a summary of responses. My query: > I'm looking for pointers to reasonably robust tools that could be > licensed or otherwise obtained for use in commercial natural language > projects; specifically, a part of speech tagger, tools to identify > noun phrases in a large corpus, and a robust parser written in C (with > a customizable English grammar). [ Editor's note: A complete summary of responses to this query are available on the listserv and may be retrieved by sending the command: get software text linguist to the following address: listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu ] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 17:40:28 -0500 (EST) From: Petr.Zemanek@ff.cuni.cz (Petr Zemanek) Subject: new Ancient Near East list CAAL - NEW E-MAIL LIST We take the liberty to inform you that a new discussion group on Computers and Ancient Languages (CAAL) has been formed. It is oriented mainly on the languages of the Ancient Near East (Indo-European, Semitic and other). The main interests of the list are: 1. Computer databases of ancient Indo-European, Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) and other languages. 2. Graphic databases of texts of ancient, esp. Near Eastern languages, 3. The use of hypertexts for the texts and secondary sources, esp. on Ancient Near East. 4. Linguistic and philological analysis of ancient languages based on electronical text corpora. 5. OCR systems and ancient languages. 6. Problems of encoding of the texts of ancient languages, exchange of information on software applications 7. Exchange of further linguistic information on ancient languages. In case you are interested in such a list, please, contact the list management. List management (caal-owner@ff.cuni.cz): Furat Rahman Petr Vavrousek Petr Zemanek -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 14:28:49 -0500 (EST) From: connie Christo Subject: Albanian Linguist Hello, If anyone is interested in communicating with an Albanian linguist from Tirana, Albania who is presently a visiting scholar at Harvard University, please contact: Ludmila Buxheli c/o christo@husc.harvard.edu Thank you. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1051. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1052. Tue 14 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 60 Subject: 4.1052 Job: UDLA Puebla Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Dec 1993 09:40:41 -0600 (CST) From: "Christopher J. Hall" Subject: Job at UDLA Puebla -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Dec 1993 09:40:41 -0600 (CST) From: "Christopher J. Hall" Subject: Job at UDLA Puebla J O B A N N O U N C E M E N T The Universidad de las Americas, Puebla (UDLAP), Mexico, invites applications for a position on the faculty of the MA Program in Second Language Teaching (Spanish/English). The successful candidate will have a PhD in applied linguistics (or related discipline), will be a specialist in the structure of Spanish (phonology, morphology, syntax) and will be able to teach courses on (a) language teaching methods, (b) curriculum design and/or (c) testing/evaluation. The position will also involve commitment to research and publication in the area Appointments (initially for one year, but renewable) will begin in August 1994. Benefits include car and possibility of subsidized housing. Rank and salary commensurate with experience and qualifications. Applications (including letter stating research and teaching interests, CV and three letters of recommendation) to: Dr. Christopher J. Hall Spanish Position Search Committee Departamento de Lenguas Universidad de las Americas, Puebla AP 100, Sta. Catarina Martir 72820 Puebla Mexico Tel.: +52 (22) 29-20-53 Fax.: +52 (22) 29-20-96 E-m.: chris@rico.pue.udlap.mx (The UDLAP is a private university of 6000 students, with a small graduate school. It is situated at Cholula, 10 min. from Puebla and 100 min. from Mexico City across the mountains. The UDLAP is accredited in the U.S. by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1052. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1053. Wed 15 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 116 Subject: 4.1053 Sum: Jakobson quotation Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 1993 10:32:34 -0500 From: Becky Passonneau Subject: answer to Jakobson query -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 1993 10:32:34 -0500 From: Becky Passonneau Subject: answer to Jakobson query I recently posted a query about a latin phrase attributed to Jakobson for a student, Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou. Here is his summary of the responses: ================================================================= I had asked the list for a translation of the latin phrase "Linguista sum: linguistici nihil a me alienum puto", which was attributed to Roman Jacobson. >From the 32 responses I received, I have put together the following: The meaning of the phrase is "I am a linguist; nothing linguistic is alien to me", and apparently R. Jacobson paraphrased a famous earlier line "Homo sum; homini nihil a me alienum puto", meaning "I am human; nothing human is alien to me." I got different responses as to the authorship of the original line, with a majority of the 18 people who gave an author (14) attributing it to the 1st century A.D. Roman playwright Terentius (later known as Terence), who in his "Heauton Timorumenos" play included the line "Homo sum; homini nihil a me alienum puto" (I.i.25), meaning "I am human; nothing human is alien to me." (Thanks to Duncan MacGregor, Seamus Cooney, Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy, Geert Craps, and Jill Hart for identifying the play.). The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations also attributes the phrase to Terence (thanks to Seamus Cooney for reporting that). Cicero, Horace, Plautus, and Virgil also got one vote each for the authorship of the original line. According to Bill Anderson, an Africanist, there is the related phrase "Africanae nihil a me alienum puto", where "linguistic" is replaced by "African". Connoly/SL@hermes.bc.edu (sorry, no name in the message) has also heard the variation "Linguista sum: humani nihil [or "nihil humanum"] a me alienum puto", which obviously places an even broader claim. As to where the Jacobson quote appeared, Donald Freeman points to Jacobson's "Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics," in Thomas A. Sebeok, ed., *Style in Language*, Cambridge, Mass: Technology Press & John Wiley & Sons, 1960, p. 377 where he quotes himself as having said that at a 1953 conference at Indiana University (the citation is Claud Levi-Strauss, Jakobson, C. F. Voegelin, and Sebeok, *Results of the Conference of Anthropologists and Linguists*, Baltimore [no publisher given], 1953, [no page number given]). Geert Craps refers to the original appearance of the Jacobson quote in the Conference of Anthropologists and Linguists (1953), as well as its being reprinted in the "Selected Writings, Volume 2: Word and Language.", The Hague/Paris, Mouton, 1971 (p. 555). David Stampe also points to that volume. Dick Oehrle points to Jacobson's paper "Linguistics and Poetics" (see Jakobson, Language in Literature, Harvard, 1987, page 93), which he closes by repeating the quote from the 1953 conference. Linda Waugh mentioned that she recently gave a talk where she cited this Jacobson quote! As to the grammaticality of the quote, Tim Pulju, Alexis Manaster Ramer, and Arcady Borkovsky had criticisms on the formation of the obviously non-latin "linguista" and "linguistici". On the other hand, Jill Hart praised Jacobson's word formation. Thanks again to all the people who responded: Duncan MacGregor (aa735@freenet.carleton.ca) Enrique Torrejon (et23@lcl.cmu.edu) Norberto Moreno-Quiben (qmoreno@chaph.usc.edu) David Stampe (stampe@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu) Bill Anderson (wranders@ucs.indiana.edu) Tim Pulju (PULJU@ricevm1.rice.edu) Michael Convington (mconvingt@ai.uga.edu) Anna Morpurgo Davies (morpurgo@vax.ox.ac.uk) Donald C. Freeman (dfreeman@mizar.usc.edu) Alexis Manaster Ramer (Alexis_Manaster_Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu) Kenjiro Matsuda (matsuda@linc.cis.upenn.edu) Douglas Purl (dcp@selway.umt.edu) Jean-Francois Delannoy (delannoy@csi.uottawa.ca) Larry Rosenwald (lrosenwald@lucy.wellesley.edu) Seamus Cooney (cooneys@wmich.edu) Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy (ling003@cantva.canterbury.ac.nz) Steven Schaufele (fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu) John Kinder (jkinder@uniwa.uwa.edu.au) Geert Craps (Geert=Craps%users%lw@cc3.kuleuven.ac.be) John Beaven (ljb@sharp.co.uk) Jill Hart (G.R.Hart@durham.ac.uk) Mary Neff (neff@watson.ibm.com) John Cowan (lojbab@access.digex.net) myadroff@ucs.indiana.edu Dick Oehrle (oehrle@ccit.arizona.edu) Wayles Browne (ewb2@cornell.edu) Bert Peeters (Bert.Peeters@modlang.utas.edu.au) Hans den Besten (DENBESTEN@alf.let.uva.nl) Linda Waugh (lwaugh@cogsci.Berkeley.edu) Arcady Borkovsky (arcady@dnt.dialog.com) Margaret Winters (GA3704@siucvmb.siu.edu) Connoly/SL@hermes.bc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1053. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1054. Wed 15 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 112 Subject: 4.1054 Sum: German grammaticality, Unbounded coordination Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri Dec 10 10:56:46 CST 1993 From: mbalhorn@uwspmail.uwsp.edu Subject: German/grammaticality 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 14:28:46 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Summary: Unbounded (=flat) coordination -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri Dec 10 10:56:46 CST 1993 From: mbalhorn@uwspmail.uwsp.edu Subject: German/grammaticality First of all, let me give 'vielen Dank' to the 38 native speakers of German who answered my plea for grammaticality judgements. In addition, since some of you requested the results, as did some non-native speakers of German, I've included them here. What I did was tally the first 30 responses. The asterisk (*) was worth 2 points and the question mark (?) was worth 1. Hence, those sentences with tallies nearing 60 are the most ill-formed, those around 30 are odd, and those near 0 are well-formed. Lots of discussion was engendered by the sentences in (2). It seems that with other PPs and NPs 'geben' would be okay. 'In Kuhlschrank gibt es einen Apfelkuchen.' was one and another was something like 'In Berlin gibt es viele Leute . . . ' Sentence (3c) also got a lot of comments since the pragmatic circumstances that might lead to its use are hard to imagine. This construction places contrastive stress on the location and implies that the NP changes. Someone suggested a sentence like this: 'Auf dem TISCH, ist es ein Buch, aber auf dem BODEN, ist es ein 'doorstop'. (Turhalt??? -can't find 'doorstop' in my dictionary.) 1. a. Auf dem Tisch liegt ein Buch. b. Es liegt ein Buch auf dem Tisch. c. Ein Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. 2. a. Auf dem Tisch gibt ein Buch. 55 b. Auf dem Tisch es gibt ein Buch. 57 c. Auf dem Tisch gibt es ein Buch. 17 d. Ein Buch gibt auf dem Tisch. 58 e. Es gibt ein Buch auf dem Tisch. 17 3. a. Auf dem Tisch ist ein Buch. 2 b. Auf dem Tisch es ist ein Buch. 52 c. Auf dem Tisch ist es ein Buch. 34 d. Ein Buch ist auf dem Tisch. 2 e. Es ist ein Buch auf dem Tisch. 4 Thanks again. Mark Balhorn mbalhorn@uwspmail.uwsp.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 14:28:46 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Summary: Unbounded (=flat) coordination I would like to thank the many respondents to my query about the origins of unbounded coordination in TG. While no one provided quite the information I was looking for, I was led in the right direction and believe that it is accurate to say that this was first introduced in Lila Gleitman's Lang article (where she thanks Chomsky for suggesting it). Where Chomsky got the idea is not entirely clear, but there are references in writings of Lees and Postal which suggest that the realization that there have to be unbounded structures came to people in TG from a 1960 article in Language by Longacre in which he criticizes IC analysis and favors string analysis. However, Longacre's examples were series of adjectives as in "tall, slim, well-dressed women" rather than the usual kind of coordinate structure that usually gets mentioned in this context ("John, Bill, and Harry"). I have also stumbled on the pedagogical TG of English from the early '60's by one Paul Roberts which mentions coordinate structures like "John, Bill, and Harry" but do not offer an actual statement of a transformation to produce these. Since Roberts claims that Chomsky read his ms. and commented on it in detail (and since Chomsky wrote a foreword), it may well be that Roberts had some role in calling these constructions to Chomsky's attention or more likely reminding him of something which he had already noticed. In any case, early versions of TG did not allow for unbounded but only for binary coordination, although the lack of formalization of TG it is impossible to tell whether this was just a lack of insight about how to analyze certain NL constructions or a defect in the very theory of TG as it existed at the time. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1054. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1055. Wed 15 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 203 Subject: 4.1055 Calls: ANLP-94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 19:44:13 EST From: pjacobs@unagi.cis.upenn.edu (Paul Jacobs) Subject: ANLP-94 CALL FOR PAPERS -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 19:44:13 EST From: pjacobs@unagi.cis.upenn.edu (Paul Jacobs) Subject: ANLP-94 CALL FOR PAPERS CALL FOR PAPERS 4th Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing Stuttgart, Germany October 13-15, 1994 sponsored by Association for Computational Linguistics PURPOSE Like previous ACL Applied conferences, this meeting will bring together researchers and developers from around the world to focus on the application of natural language processing to real problems. The program will include invited and contributed papers, an industrial exhibition, and demonstrations. This year's conference will aim especially to promote participation from both industry and academia and to feature work with potential business impact. AREAS OF INTEREST Original papers are solicited in all areas of applied natural language processing, including but not limited to: dialog systems; integrated speech and natural language systems; machine translation; explanation and generation; database interface systems; tool development; text and message processing; automated document management; grammar and style checking; corpus development; knowledge acquisition; lexicons; language teaching aids; evaluation; adaptive systems; multilanguage systems; multimedia systems; help systems; and other applications. Papers may discuss applications, evaluations, limitations, and general tools and techniques. Papers that critically evaluate an approach or language processing strategy are especially welcome. REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION Authors should submit, by 2 May 1994, a) six copies of a full-length paper (min 9, max 15 double-spaced pages, minimum font size 12, exclusive of references); and b) 16 copies of a 20-30 line abstract. A paper accepted for presentation at the meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings. Papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page. Papers arriving after the deadline will be returned unopened. FAX papers will not be reviewed; however, electronic submissions will be allowed using the same guidelines as the 1994 ACL conference. Papers should be submitted to the Program Chair: Paul Jacobs (ANLP-94) Institute for Research in Cognitive Science 3401 Walnut St., Suite 400C, Rm. 420 Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 +1-215-898-0332 pjacobs@unagi.cis.upenn.edu +1-215-573-2048 fax Electronic submissions should be either self-contained LaTeX source or plain text. Submissions should include the words ``ANLP-94 submission'' in the subject field. LaTeX submissions must use the ACL submission style (aclsub.sty) retrievable from the ACL LISTSERV server (access to which is described below) and should not refer to any external files or styles except for the standard styles for TeX 3.14 and LaTeX 2.09. A model submission modelsub.tex is also provided in the archive, as well as a bibliography style acl.bst. (Note that the bibliography for a submission cannot be submitted as separate .bib file; the bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted LaTeX source file.) Authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by 5 July 1994. Full-length versions of accepted papers, prepared according to instructions, must be received, along with a signed copyright release statement, by 22 August 1994. All papers will be reviewed by members of the program committee, which includes the Program Chair and the following individuals: Susan Armstrong, ISSCO Peter Norvig, Sun Microsystems Harry Bunt, Tilburg University Hans Joachim Novak, IBM Jim Cowie, NMSU/CRL Martha Palmer, Univ. of Penn. Ido Dagan, AT&T Bell Labs Manny Rayner, SRI Robert Ingria, BBN Donia Scott, Univ. of Brighton Richard Kittredge, Univ. of Montreal Oliviero Stock, IRST Kazunori Muraki, NEC Annie Zaenen, Xerox VIDEOTAPES Videotapes are sought that display interesting research on NLP applications to real-world problems, even if presented as promotional videos (not advertisements). An ongoing video presentation will be organized that will demonstrate the current level of usefulness of NLP tools and techniques. Authors should submit one copy of a videotape of at most 15 minutes duration, accompanied by a submission letter giving permission to copy the tape to a standard format and two copies of a one to two page abstract that includes: title, name and address and email or fax number of authors; tape format of the submitted tape (VHS, any of NTSC, PAL or SECAM); duration. Tape submissions should be sent to the same address as the papers (see above). The timetable for submissions, notification of acceptance or rejection, and receipt of final versions is the same as for the papers. See above for details. DEMONSTRATIONS In addition to demonstrations carried on within a regular booth at the industrial exhibition, there will be a program of demonstrations on standard equipment available at the conference (SUN's, MAC's, etc.). Prizes may be awarded to the best industrial and non-industrial demos. Anyone wishing to present a demo should send a one-page demo description and a specification of the system requirements by 20 June 1994 to: Uwe Reyle Institut f"ur Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung Universit"at Stuttgart Azenbergstr. 12 D-70174 Stuttgart +49-711-1211361 Germany +49-711-1211366 fax reyle@ims.uni-stuttgart.de TUTORIALS, WORKSHOPS AND INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION The conference will have facilities for a variety of special events, including tutorials and workshops before the conference, and an industrial exhibition during the conference. Proposals for workshops, and inquiries about the industrial exhibition, should be sent to Uwe Reyle at the address above. Persons wishing to arrange an exhibit should send a brief description with a specification of physical requirements (space, power, telephone connections, etc.) by 2 May 1994. Tutorials will be coordinated by: Christian Rohrer Institut f"ur Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung Universit"at Stuttgart Azenbergstr. 12 D-70174 Stuttgart +49-711-1211364 Germany +49-711-1211366 fax rohrer@ims.uni-stuttgart.de GENERAL INFORMATION Local arrangements are co-chaired by Uwe Reyle and Christian Rohrer. For information regarding facilities and local arrangements, contact Uwe Reyle at the above adress. ACL LISTSERV LISTSERV is a facility to allow access to an electronic document archive by electronic mail. The ACL LISTSERV has been set up at Columbia University's Department of Computer Science. Requests from the archive should be sent as e-mail messages to listserv@cs.columbia.edu with an empty subject field and the message body containing the request command. The most useful requests are "help" for general help on using LISTSERV, "index acl-l" for the current contents of the ACL archive and "get acl-l " to get a particular file named from the archive. For example, to get an ACL membership form, a message with the following body should be sent: get acl-l membership-form.txt Answers to requests are returned by e-mail. Since the server may have many requests for different archives to process, requests are queued up and may take a while (say, overnight) to be fulfilled. The ACL archive can also be accessed by anonymous FTP. Here is an example of how to get the same file by FTP (user typein is underlined): $ ftp cs.columbia.edu ------------------- Name (cs.columbia.edu:pereira): anonymous --------- Password:pereira@research.att.com << not echoed ------------------------ ftp> cd acl-l -------- ftp> get membership-form.txt.Z ------------------------- ftp> quit ---- $ uncompress membership-form.txt.Z -------------------------------- ACL INFORMATION For other information on the ACL, contact Judith Klavans (ACL), Columbia University, Computer Science, New York, NY 10027, USA; +1-914-478-1802 phone/fax; acl@cs.columbia.edu. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1055. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1056. Wed 15 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 61 Subject: 4.1056 The Pragmatics of LINGUIST Queries Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 14:18:12 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Pragmatics of LINGUIST Queries -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 14:18:12 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Pragmatics of LINGUIST Queries I thought it might be interesting to comment on something that has been happening recently with some of my queries on LINGUIST which might perhaps be of more general interest. It seems that the so-called Gricean principles are if anything TOO active, that is to say, people seem to read all kinds of things into queries in the attempt to be helpful. Having at various times been a subscriber to lists in history, computer science, and cognitive science, I must say I have never seen the kind of helpful response that every query, no matter how abstruse, seems to generate on LINGUIST. On the other hand, precisely because people are so helpful, it seems that the authors of queries (incl. certainly me) will have to be VERY precise in specifying what they want or else risk being flooded with information they cannot use. For example, in response to my queries about whether anyone has ever analyzed the Russian question marker _li_ (or similar markers in other languages) as creating discontinuity I have received tons of responses about OTHER analyses of such constructions as well as numerous responses arguing in detail that discontinuity is NOT the right analysis. However, all I ever wanted to know is whether anybody had ever proposed a discontinuous analysis, not whether it is right or whether other analyses are better. So, while I AM flooded with messages I can't really deal with, I must say I am really impressed with the response. And I guess I should add that it is particularly noteworthy, given some of the acrimony that has occasionally taken place on LINGUIST, that the responses come equally from every theoretical and ideological persuasion I can think of. Can it be that LINGUIST has succeeded where everyone else had failed, in creating a sense of linguistics as a single discipline? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1056. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1057. Wed 15 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 132 Subject: 4.1057 Jobs: Full Professorship, First Nations Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 93 14:44:46 EST From: "James W. Reese" Subject: Syntax position in Japan: Full Professor 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 10:37:44 -0800 (PST) From: Margaret Anderson Subject: University of Northern British Columbia: First Nations -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 93 14:44:46 EST From: "James W. Reese" Subject: Syntax position in Japan: Full Professor Position: Linguistics Kansai Gaidai University Osaka, Japan Kansai Gaidai University, located halfway between Osaka and Kyoto, will have an opening for a Full Professor of linguistics starting in September, 1994. We are looking for a qualified person with current experience in generative grammar to teach graduate and undergraduate courses in linguistics and to provide supervision of master's and doctoral candidates. Courses are conducted in English. Qualifications: Doctorate in linguistics with current experience in generative grammar. A minimum of two - three years' teaching experience. Overseas teaching/living experience a plus. Salary: Starting at Y6 million per year (US$54,545 at US$1=Y110) depending upon qualifications and experience. Furnished housing, round trip air fare US - Japan, visa sponsorship. One-year renewable contract for up to three years with longer terms negotiable. To Apply: Send CV and three letters of recommendation. Have current transcripts reflecting all post-secondary education and highest degree earned, sent directly from the registrar. Contact: Hajime Yamamoto, Dean Center for International Education Kansai Gaidai University 16-1 Kitakatahoko-cho Hirakata City, Osaka 573 Japan Fax: Intl+81-720-50-9011 No telephone inquiries will be accepted. Application Deadline: March 31, 1994. From: The Chronicle of Higher Education, December 15, 1993 Categories: Foreign languages and literatures, Humanities, Other social sciences, Social sciences, Faculty and Research Positions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 10:37:44 -0800 (PST) From: Margaret Anderson Subject: University of Northern British Columbia: First Nations The University of Northern British Columbia is a new provincially funded institution with a main campus in Prince George, British Columbia; the university has a mandate to respond to the post-secondary educational goals of the entire northern two-thirds of the province. This is an area in which there are sixteen Tribal Councils, and over 76 bands and a dozen urban Friendship centres. There are numerous First Nations languages spoken in these the territories of these groups: Haida, Tsimshian, Gitksan, Nisga'a, Haisla, Nuxalk, Shuswap, Tlingit, Tahltan, and a large number of Athapascan languages, including Wet'suwet'en, Carrier, Beaver, Sekani, Tsilqot'in, etc. UNBC has designated 5 areas as special focuses: First Nations Studies, Environmental Studies, Women's Studies, Northern Studies, and International Studies (focussed on the circumpolar north, Pacific Rim and international indigenous peoples). Each of these areas will be included within as many of the university's programmes as possible. For example First Nations History will be taught within the History Programme, and First Nations political issues will be addressed in the politics programme. There is also a separate Programme in First Nations Studies, which will offer focussed undergraduate and graduate degree programmes. A major emphasis will be on the languages, cultures and contemporary issues of the First Nations of northern BC. We want to find academics who will contribute to these areas and can work in partnership with First Nations language teachers in community-based teaching. Rank and type of appointment are negotiable, and salary is competititve. We currently have a large "omnibus" advertisement out for over 100 positions in a variety of area. The ad includes a listing of position number FN1 which is for First Nations languages and cultures. Applicants must provide a current CV and the names of 3 references. The cover letter for applications should indicate that it should be placed in "competition number FN1". In accordance with Canadian law, preference will be given to applicants who are eligible to work in Canada. The appointment of faculty with extensive experience with First Nations will be an asset to UNBC in fulfilling its mandate, and members of First Nations are particularly invited to apply; membership in other underrepresented groups (women, visible minorities and persons with disabilities) will also be viewed as an asset. Applications may be submitted to the following address: Human Resources University of Northern British Columbia P.O. Bag 1950, Station A Prince George, British Columbia V2L 5P2 Interested applicants are also invited to call the Programme Chair for further information. The programme chair is Margaret Seguin Anderson and she can be reached at (604) 960-5777. Email for her can be sent to: Anderson@unbc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1057. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1058. Wed 15 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 56 Subject: 4.1058 LSA: Minorities in linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 07:02 EST From: BARBARA PARTEE Subject: Minorities in Linguistics: Meeting -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 07:02 EST From: BARBARA PARTEE Subject: Minorities in Linguistics: Meeting LSA Interim Committee on the Status of Minorities in Linguistics: Open Meeting The LSA has established an Interim Committee on the Status of Minorities in Linguistics, charged with advising the Executive Committee of the LSA concerning the establishment of a proposed standing committee on these matters. The interim committee has been asked (i) to suggest an appropriate name for the new committee; (ii) to consider whether and how it is appropriate to define "ethnic minorities" in linguistics; and (iii) to consult with the LSA membership and draft a mandate for the new committee. The interim committee will host an open meeting during the January 1994 Annual Meeting of the LSA for all interested members of the LSA to contribute opinions and suggestions to this process. Time and place: Friday, January 7, 11:30 am-1:00 pm, Jefferson Room of the Sheraton Boston Hotel. Please join the Committee members for all or part of the meeting. LSA members (and prospective members) are also welcome to contact the interim committee chair (Geoff Pullum), vice-chair (Barbara Partee), or members at any time, to contribute suggestions, request copies of the current working draft mandate, or to participate in ongoing discussions with the committee as it prepares to give its recommendations to the Executive Committee in time for their May 1994 meeting. Committee Members: MaryEllen Garcia mgarcia@lonestar.utsa.EDU Kenneth Hale klhale@athena.mit.EDU LaVerne Jeanne jeanne@equinox.unr.EDU Christopher Manning manning@csli.stanford.EDU Marcyliena Morgan morgan@anthro.sscnet.ucla.EDU Barbara Partee partee@cs.umass.edu Geoffrey Pullum pullum@cats.ucsc.EDU John Rickford rickford@csli.stanford.EDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1058. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1059. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 158 Subject: 4.1059 Qs: Cree, Etymologies, ASL as a foreign language, Pronoun tags Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 15:21:44 -0500 (EST) From: TREMBLCG@KIRK.NORTHERNC.ON.CA Subject: CREE 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 16:41:56 EST From: Stanley Dubinsky Subject: query: English etymologies 3) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 16:43:35 -0700 From: wilcox@triton.unm.edu (Sherman Wilcox) Subject: Request for help: ASL as a FL 4) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 93 16:16:49 EST From: Ron Smyth Subject: pronouns in tags -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 15:21:44 -0500 (EST) From: TREMBLCG@KIRK.NORTHERNC.ON.CA Subject: CREE hello' I am wondering if you know of any other linguistic listservers that may be out there. I am doing a graduate report on the Cree language. I am having trouble finding information. If you can help, I would appreciate it. Thank You, Cheryl Tremblay -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 16:41:56 EST From: Stanley Dubinsky Subject: query: English etymologies I pose this query for a colleague here at USC(east) who is without e-mail. Brian Roots of our French and Classics Dept would like to know: (1) "Could anyone tell me where the phrase "to put on the dog" comes from." (2) "Likewise, could anyone provide etymologies and precise meanings for the following two words (neither of which is in the OED (incl. suppl.) or the AHD3): i. bloviation (seems to be a conflation of "bloated inflation") and ii. lede (noun, but not meaning Leute -- seems to mean "news lead") Not surprisingly, both of these are from that bastion of correct diction and usage, the NY Times Magazine." Please respond directly to me, and I will pass the answers along. ******************************************************************* * Stanley Dubinsky E-mail: dubinsk@univscvm.csd.scarolina.edu * * Linguistics Program phone: 803-777-2056 * * U of South Carolina fax: 803-777-9064 * * Columbia, SC 29208 * ******************************************************************* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 16:43:35 -0700 From: wilcox@triton.unm.edu (Sherman Wilcox) Subject: Request for help: ASL as a FL Dear LINGUIST readers: I'd like to ask for help from any and all who can provide information about university policies regarding the acceptance of ASL as a foreign language. Please please please ... if you have *any* information in response to the following questions, send it to me. Don't feel that you need to answer all of these questions, or even that you have to answer them in detail. ANY and ALL information will be very helpful. 1. Name of university or college accepting ASL in fulfillment of foreign language requirement. 2. Contact person (name, address, phone) for more information about the foreign language requirement. 3. If ASL is accepted, is it a campus-wide policy, or does it target a specific college, school, or department (e.g., College of Arts and Sciences, School of Communication, Dept. of Psychology)? Is this an undergraduate or a graduate policy? 4. What is the foreign language requirement (e.g., two semesters)? If ASL meets the requirement, is the same standard used? 5. Is ASL actually taught at this university or college? 6. Does the state you are living in have a state law regarding ASL as a foreign language (typically these laws address FL instruction in high schools)? 7. Any additional information you'd like to mention? I will be happy to post a summary of answers to LINGUIST at some point in the future. A similar post on the DEAF-L network list yielded in 24 hours six new universities that accept ASL in fulfillment of their foreign language requirements. =============================== Sherman Wilcox Dept. of Linguistics University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 Fax: (505) 266-7332 Internet: wilcox@triton.unm.edu =============================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 93 16:16:49 EST From: Ron Smyth Subject: pronouns in tags Does anyone know of writings on how pronouns in tag questions get coindexed? For example, in 'John likes Fred, doesn't he'?, the pronoun is not free; it must be coindexed with John. I'm familiar with older transformational treatments, but how does this work within GB? Ron Smyth smyth@lake.scar.utoronto.ca --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1059. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1060. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 290 Subject: 4.1060 Multilingual X11R5 binary package; Papers from Rutgers Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 21:12:34 +0900 From: Tomoko Inagawa Kataoka Subject: Multilingual X11R5 binary installation package Release 3.0 2) Date: Tue, 7 Dec 93 19:38:01 EST From: prince@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince) Subject: Papers Available from Rutgers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 21:12:34 +0900 From: Tomoko Inagawa Kataoka Subject: Multilingual X11R5 binary installation package Release 3.0 Dear all, It's our pleasure to announce that the full set of Multi-lingual X11R5 binary packages is available at ftp.waseda.ac.jp. Tomoko Inagawa-Kataoka Ohara Lab School of Science and Engineering Waseda University E-mail: tomoko@ohara.info.waseda.ac.jp ***************************************************************** The packages are for SUN/OS 4.1.3 and, Solaris 2.1 and later. Version number of the packages is Release 3.0 (not beta!!!). The packages were provided by Multi-lingual I/O and Text Manipulation Project at Waseda University in order to keep evenness of languages and progress of computerbility/interoperability. Principal reseacher of the project is one of the designers of X11R5 Internationalization. The X11R5 system in the packages can handle European Languages, Chinese, Japanese and Korean, and of cource all different keyboards corresponding to those languages are supported. The packages have been debugged and optimized than original, and tested over 6 months by sites that multi-lingual is essential and is daily job -- i.e. lots of universies and companies tested the packages and they do need multi-lingual environment beyond locale model. In Solaris version, all source codes were modified to use only SVR4, thus there are no dependencies to GNU CC, BSD compatibility libs and OpenWindow. And the pakcages have no dependency to Locale sensitive functions in OS. NEW: Xserver: All keyboard types support for multi-lingaul. (see below) More optimized than before. Xwnmo can run correctly under tvtwm. All commands can run under tvtwm. New and latest commands were installed. PEX 5.1 support. libXaw.* automatically loads libXwchar.* (not necessary -lXwchar) libXwchar.so support. Patch level: fix-26 (no security holes) CPU: Sparc SUN/OS 4.1.3 Solaris 2.1 and later CC: Native CC for SUN/OS 4.1.3 SUNPro CC for Solaris 2.1 (No dependencies to GNU CC, BSD compatibility libs and OpenWindow) FTP site: ftp.waseda.ac.jp (133.9.1.32) Directory: ftp/pub3/X11R5/binaries/ Release 3.0 (DEC-12-1993) SUN-OS-4.1.3-Sparc/ for Sparc. This package is divided into [aa to bk]. and README-P26+ Size: 18 MB (packed), 56MB (unpacked) Release 3.0 (DEC-12-1993) Sol2.1-Sparc/ for Sparc (SUN/OS 5.1 and later) This package is divided into [aa to bl] and README-P26+ Size: 19 MB (packed), 58MB (unpacked) ---------- Note Categories of X11R5s with different Compile Switches: X11R5 can be compiled differently by specifying compile time switches in mit/config/site.def. There are three categories of X11R5 as follows: 1) NO Compile Switch locale model using of OS locale functions. Compiled R5 depends on OS locale functions, and is restricted by OS. In this case, length of wchar_t follows the OS's wchar_t. Users can use locales that vendor provided -- usually only C locale and one. Usually one local/system. 2) -DX_WCHAR and -DX_LOCALE locale model using of locale emuration functions in X11R5 with wchar_t defined in X11R5 itself. Compiled R5 is independent from OS's locale functions and OS's wchar_t. Users can use any locales that defined in X11R5. Users can call the X11R5's locale emulation functions and text manipulation functions. And users can add locales by their specification. Of course codeset for communication can be selected by users. Mixing multiple languages by wr_WR.ct is accepted. But dynamic locale change in an application after the application is invoked is not acceptable. locale/application. 3) -DX_WCHAR, -DX_LOCALE and -DXML locale model with X11R5 functions but resettable locale ability Adding to 2), application can change locale dynamically any time after the application is invoked. This is the real multi-lingual X11R5 that we designed. This X11R5 permits you to leave from limitations of locale model. Our packages are 3). At Waseda university, a lot of students came from many countries. For us, category 3 is essential. As an achievement of Multi-lingual I/O project, we will update this package and add new languages. ---- Supported Keyboards and Composition Key sequences US101A_SUN US400 US401 US5 US_UNIX5 FRANCEBELG4 FRANCE5 CANADA4 DENMARK4 DENMARK5 GERMANY4 GERMANY5 ITALY4 ITALY5 NETHERLAND4 NETHERLAND5 NORWAY4 NORWAY5 PORTUGAL4 PORTUGAL5 SPAINLATAM4 SPAIN5 SWEDENFIN4 SWEDEN5 SWITZER_FR4 SWITZER_FR5 SWITZER_GE4 SWITZER_GE5 UK4 UK5 KOREA4 KOREA5 TAIWAN4 TAIWAN5 JAPAN4 JAPAN5 Yutaka kataoka Multi-lingual I/O and Text Manipulation Project and Ohara Laboratory, Department of Information and Computer Science School of Science and Engineering Waseda University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 7 Dec 93 19:38:01 EST From: prince@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince) Subject: Papers Available from Rutgers RuCCS TECHNICAL REPORTS. December 1993. The Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science (RuCCS) is issuing a series of technical reports of linguistic, psychological, philosophical, and computer-scientific interest. The following is a list of currently available reports, with brief descriptions. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Prices, given in US dollars, cover reproduction costs and 4th class postage in the continental US only. For the additional postage to other locations, inquire at admin@ruccs.rutgers.edu before ordering. All orders for TR's should be addressed to Sandra Bergelson (re: RuCCS-TR) Assistant Director, RuCCS Rutgers University PO Box 1179 Piscataway, NJ 08855. All checks and money orders should be made payable to Rutgers University. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The reports will be available by anonymous ftp from ruccs.rutgers.edu at some point in the near future. Look in the directory /pub/papers/ and be sure to examine the file README for format information. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Reports of primarily linguistic interest: TR-1. Alan Prince. In Defense of the Number i: Anatomy of a Linear Dynamical Model of Linguistic Generalizations. $6.30. The Goldsmith-Larson dynamical linear network model of stress and syllable structure is solved in closed form, and its principal properties are determined analytically; the first section of the report gives a qualitative summary and linguistic evaluation of the results. TR-2. Alan Prince & Paul Smolensky. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. $11.00. A grammar is a system of ranked, violable constraints on output representations. The constraints are universal; a grammar is given by a ranking of the universal constraint set. Issues in syllabic, prosodic, and segmental phonology are addressed. TR-3. John McCarthy & Alan Prince. Prosodic Morphology I: Constraint Interaction and Satisfaction. $9.50. Prosodic effects on morphology emerge under Optimality Theory when phonological constraints are ranked above morphological constraints. Reduplication and associated phenomena in Axininca Campa are analyzed exhaustively from this perspective, and a general characterization of Prosodic Morphology is developed. TR-4. Jane Grimshaw. Minimal Projection, Heads, and Optimality. $3.00. Complex patterns of verb placement and complementizer distribution follow from the interaction of four very general principles (e.g. `heads must be filled at s-structure', `functional projections must be functionally interpreted'), ranked under Optimality Theory. TR-7. John McCarthy & Alan Prince. Generalized Alignment. $3.60. Structural relations between grammatical categories (here, morphological and phonological) are governed by a single family of constraints under Optimality Theory: these demand that one type of grammatical constituent share a designated edge with some other type of constituent. Evidence is considered from footing patterns, infixability, epenthesis, syllabification, and prosodic subcategorization. ************************************** Reports of primarily psychological and philosophical interest: TR-5. Stephen Stich & Ian Ravenscroft. What *is* Folk Psychology? $2.20. When a variety of different interpretations of `folk psychology' are properly distinguished, certain interpretations of the standard arguments for eliminative materialism are undermined. TR-6. Jacob Feldman. Perceptual Categories and World Regularities. $9.50. TR-6 presents a formal theory of inductive categorization construed as a computational perceptual problem; and a series of experiments on human perceptual categorization that support the theory. TR-8. Zenon Pylyshyn. Some Primitive Mechanisms underlying Spatial Attention. $2.30. TR-8 describes a research program investigating a theory of preattentive visual location indexing, with 4 different lines of psychophyical experimentation. TR-9. Stephen Stich & Stephen Laurence. Intentionality & Naturalism. $2.20. Although the project of `naturalizing' intentional properties has been a central concern in recent philosophy of mind, nothing worrisome follows if it should turn out that intentional properties cannot be naturalized. TR-10. Alan Leslie. Pretending and Believing: Issues in the theory of ToMM. $2.80. The normal capacity to acquire a commonsense ``theory of mind'' depends upon a specialized, domain-specific cognitive mechanism. TR-11. Stephen Stich & Shaun Nichols. Second Thoughts on Simulation. $2.70. This paper distinguishes several different ways in which people might use off-line simulation in predicting and explaining each other's behavior, and argues that some of these strategies probably are used, while others are not. TR-12. Alan Leslie. A Theory of Agency. $2.70. Our core notions of Agency reflect three different processing mechanisms arranged hierarchically; succeeding mechanisms interpret Agents' behavior at succeeding levels of representation -- the mechanical, the actional, and the cognitive -- where each level corresponds to a different subtheory of agency. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1060. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1061. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 70 Subject: 4.1061 FYI: Fonts Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 10 Dec 93 14:42 GMT From: ECOLING@applelink.apple.com (Ecological Linguistics,Anderson,PRT) Subject: Phonetic etc. fonts avail! 2) Date: Thu, 09 Dec 93 15:19 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Fonts -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 10 Dec 93 14:42 GMT From: ECOLING@applelink.apple.com (Ecological Linguistics,Anderson,PRT) Subject: Phonetic etc. fonts avail! Courtesy of one of the designers, Charles Bigelow, the elements of the typeface LucidaSans specialized for phonetic usage are available free of charge. You can either send a self-addressed 52" stamped envelope and an uninitialized disk (3.5 or 5" for Windows TrueType; 3.5" 1400K disk for Macintosh TrueType together with Postscript Type 1) or send $5 (no disks or stamps), to Ecological Linguistics, P.O. Box 15156, Washington, D.C., 20003. Ecological Linguistics also offers the same TrueType and Postscript formats for a commercial serif Times-style typeface with bold, oblique, and bold-oblique styles, in three fonts, one for regular text including capitals, one Extended, and one Alternate. $60. A full catalog of Ecological Linguistics offerings for both Macintosh and Windows, in nearly the full range of alphabets of the world, is available free from Ecological Linguistics, P.O. Box 15156, Washington, D.C., 20003, or by sending your postal address via email to ECOLING@Applelink.Apple.com. (For Windows the offerings exclude Arabic-Persian-Pashto-Mongolian-Syriac, Hebrew, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, for lack of operating system software support. Sorry about that.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 09 Dec 93 15:19 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Fonts I am responding to the query about the IPA font for PC's to LINGUIST rather than the querier since this comes up so often. i find the IPA fonts put out by Atech Software satisfactory. Information can be supplied by calling 1-800-786-FONT. Vicki Fromkin -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1061. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1062. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 88 Subject: 4.1062 FYI: Unification Software available Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 93 15:52:54 MET From: Carlos Ruiz Anton Subject: Unification Software available -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 93 15:52:54 MET From: Carlos Ruiz Anton Subject: Unification Software available ------------------------------------------------------ Experimental Package for Unification-based grammars ------------------------------------------------------ I would like to announce the existence of a PC-based environment for writing and testing Unification-based grammars (for any kind of natural language, in principle). It is available by anonymous ftp from Site name: garbo.uwasa.fi Sub directory: /linguistics The package (gfulab15.zip) includes a stand-alone executable, two documentation files and a demonstration grammar of Yaqui (a uto-aztecan language spoken in Arizona and Mexico). The file README should be read first. Features of the System ====================== The system -called GFU-LAB- is reminiscent of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG), but including some other facilities from other unification formalisms: templates (from PATR), hierarchical inheritance lexica and default rules for phrases. The description of a language in GFU-LAB is made by writing a grammar and a lexicon (in different files). The grammar should include a set of Phrase- Structure Rules, annotated with feature constraints. For instance, the following rule should be fine for Spanish: S --> &NP : U/(subj|obj) = D VP. (U and D stand for the 'mother' and 'self' metavariables in LFG, respectively. So, the rules reads as: 'A sentence is made of an optional (&) Noun Phrase and a Verb Phrase. The NP can be the subject of the object of S; The VP should unify with S). The lexicon (which is partially organized on a class hierarchy) contains all relevant wordforms, with no morphological component (for the time being). A typical lexical entry looks as: eats = V : U/head=eat U/subcat= U/tense=present U/subj/num=sing U/subj/pers=3. Co-description of syntax and semantics can be made, in a way similar to Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. --------- Please send your comments and suggestions to ruiz@fil.uji.es Thanks in advance. J. Carlos Ruiz Department of Languages and Literature Section of General Linguistics Universitat Jaume I | Castello' (SPAIN) INTERNET: ruiz@fil.uji.es -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1062. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1063. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 265 Subject: 4.1063 Syntax of Scope Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 6 Dec 93 15:39:38 PST From: mcm@gizmo.usc.edu (Maryellen MacDonald) Subject: Aoun & Li and psycholinguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 6 Dec 93 15:39:38 PST From: mcm@gizmo.usc.edu (Maryellen MacDonald) Subject: Aoun & Li and psycholinguistics In his review of Aoun & Li, SYNTAX OF SCOPE, Tony Kroch asks about the extent of cross-linguistic variation in quantifier scope judgments. His question is motivated by a) Aoun & Li's argument for universal scope assignment principles in the grammar, yet b) Aoun & Li report cross- linguistic differences in Chinese and English, namely that both (1) and (2) are ambiguous in English, whereas only (2) is ambiguous in Chinese: 1. Every man loves a woman. (Kroch's (1)) 2. Everyone was arrested by a woman. (Kroch's (3)) Like many linguists, Aoun & Li interpret scope judgments as owing to the grammar; Kroch nicely summarizes their particular analysis of English and Chinese. In contrast, my argument below might be termed "the psycholinguistics of scope." I suggest that a substantial amount of the variation in scope judgments in English (e.g. Kroch's examples (5-9) and others I discuss below) are attributable at least in part to psycholinguistic factors, namely the nature of ambiguity resolution processes during language comprehension, so that it is a mistake to assume that a particular pattern of scope judgments necessarily reveal something about syntax/LF. I then speculate on some ways in which cross-linguistic variation in scope judgments might emerge. Although I use a small sample of Aoun & Li's data in this discussion, it should be clear that I am not offering an alternative to their account, which goes far beyond the few sentences I discuss here. Instead I am making a more general claim that ANY scope-ambiguity judgment data may reflect the parser at least as much as the grammar. Though I try to be brief, laying out the relevant pieces of psycholinguistic theory takes time; you are hereby warned that this is a long message. When speakers of a language report that they can't assign wide scope to X--some quantified NP in a multiply-quantified sentence--linguists often interpret this judgment as evidence that a structure in which X receives wide scope violates some principle in the grammar. A psycholinguistic account would place the explanation on the nature of ambiguity resolution processes. Work in syntax and syntactic ambiguity resolution offers an analogy: Speakers of English generally report that they cannot recover a well-formed interpretation for "The horse raced past the barn fell," but neither psycholinguists nor syntacticians would say that the sentence is ungrammatical. Instead, we believe that there is something about the parsing process, specifically the ambiguity resolution process, that makes it nearly impossible to assign an interpretation to this ambiguity. Indeed, much psycholinguistic work has revealed a great deal about what it is that makes ambiguity resolution for this sentence impossible, while other sentences with the identical structure don't pose a problem (e.g. "The men arrested in the raid were taken downtown."). The scope equivalent of this example is that the interpretation with wide scope on the quantified NP "X" is perfectly grammatical, but there is something about the nature of ambiguity resolution processes such that speakers cannot resolve the ambiguity in a way that yields wide scope on X. What does the theory of ambiguity resolution have to offer treatments of scope? Scope ambiguity is largely neglected in studies of ambiguity resolution, but there are some things we can note about how ambiguity resolution appears to work in this case. The following principles concerning how comprehenders resolve quantifier scope ambiguity are stated informally here and are meant to be only descriptive; Kurtzman & MacDonald (1993) offer a somewhat different treatment and discuss other principles proposed in the literature. Another good source for discussion of processing principles is Fodor (1982). I. Lexical Preference (as noted by a number of linguists, including Kroch in his dissertation). As part of its lexical representation, each quantifier term has a particular "strength" in which it tends to take wide scope over other quantifiers. Quantifiers such as "one," "each" and "someone" strongly tend to take wide scope; "every" and "everyone" are weaker. II. Structural Preference. Quantified NPs in certain positions are more likely to be assigned wide scope than are other QPs. The specific variants proposed in the literature suggest that the ambiguity resolution mechanism prefers to assign wide scope to the following sorts of quantified NPs: Quantified Subjects (more likely to take wide scope than objects), topics (compared to non-topics), first QPs (the first quantified NP the comprehender encounters in the sentence preferentially gets wide scope over subsequently encountered QPs in the sentence), c-commanding NPs, Agents, External Arguments, etc. For most of this discussion, we don't need to be more specific than this vague description of structural constraints. III. Weighing constraints. Constraints like (I), (II), and others can converge and conflict. A comprehender's preferences for one scope interpretation is strong when multiple constraints converge to promote wide scope on a particular phrase, but when several constraints conflict, speakers are less likely to have a clear preference in scope interpretation. This effect of multiple constraints on the degree of ambiguity is known to be a general property of ambiguity resolution processes and is not about scope in particular. Next we consider three variations in scope judgments in English which can be attributed to these processing constraints. First, we know from constraint (I) that "someone" tends to take wide scope over "everyone," and from (II) that quantified subjects (and/or Agents, etc.) tend to take wide scope over quantified non-subjects (non-Agents, etc.). From III, we'd expect stronger scope interpretation preferences when I and II converge (i.e. when "someone" is the subject, as in (3)) and weaker preferences when (I) and (II) conflict, as in (4). 3. Someone loves everyone. 4. Everyone loves someone. A number of linguists (e.g. Fodor, 1982, for similar sentences) have noted that in (3) "someone" very strongly takes wide scope, whereas (4) seems much more ambiguous, and the joint effect of quantifier terms and structural position has been confirmed in psycholinguistic experiments with large numbers of sentences and experiment participants (Kurtzman & MacDonald, 1993). Of course it's not surprising to find processing considerations affecting the choice between two grammatical alternatives such as (3-4), but preferences in the next example have been attributed to the ungrammaticality of one of the alternatives. This example comes from sentences (6) and (8) in Kroch's review of Aoun & Li, repeated below. Kroch's (6) John assigned one student every problem. Kroch's (8) Mary assigned every student one problem. Aoun & Li note that (6) appears to be unambiguous with wide scope on "one student," but Kroch notes that (8) is ambiguous, an unexpected outcome from Aoun & Li's perspective. Recall from (I) that "one" takes wide scope more strongly than "every," and that one of the formulations of (II) is for surface linear order--the first-encountered quantified phrase preferentially gets wide scope over subsequent ones. We see these two constraints converging to promote wide scope on "one student" in Kroch's (6), and they conflict in Kroch's (8), yielding the judgment of ambiguity. On this analysis, the extent to which these examples are / are not ambiguous is not attributed to the syntax/LF but rather emerges from the weighing of constraints during the ambiguity resolution process. [To forestall some replies from List subscribers, I should say here that I offer the linear order constraint for the sake of simplicity and don't believe it is actually the correct description of the processing constraint(s) that operate here. There are clear counterexamples to linear order discussed in Kurtzman & MacDonald, and linear order certainly fails to capture the fact that there is something special about scope assignment in double object constructions such as Kroch's (6 & 8). For example, compare Kroch's (6) with a non-dative sentence with the same quantifiers and linear order: 5. John praised one student every day. Unlike Kroch's (6), (5) seems quite ambiguous to me. The correctness of linear order aside, I do want to embrace the processing nature of the argument. Kroch's contrast between (6&8) is analogous to the contrast between the garden path "horse raced" sentence and the easily parsed "The men arrested in the raid were taken downtown." When two sentences with the same structure have different ambiguity resolution outcomes as a function of the lexical items in the sentences, one should start looking for explanations in the processor, not (only) in the nature of syntax or LF.] Finally, consider actives and passives, in (1-2), repeated here: 1. Every man loves a woman. (Kroch's (1)) 2. Everyone was arrested by a woman. (Kroch's (3)) Kurtzman & MacDonald note that several linguists have reported that passives seem more ambiguous than actives, and psycholinguistic experiments strongly confirmed this pattern. Our experiment participants treated the passives as completely ambiguous, but for actives they were generally willing to accept wide scope on the object (e.g. "a woman" in (1)) only 20-30% of the time (the exact percentage varied with the wide scope tendencies of the quantifier terms, as addressed in (I)). One way to account for this pattern is to say that the structural constraint sketched in (II) is actually two constraints, perhaps one that favors wide scope on subjects and another that favors wide scope on Agents. These two converge in (1) and conflict in (2), yielding stronger scope interpretation preferences for actives than passives. [Again I don't intend to advocate this particular solution, and I don't want to leave the impression that psycholinguists name a constraint for every new judgment. We expect the scope ambiguity resolution constraints to be quite general, just as they appear to be for ambiguity resolution at other levels of linguistic representation that have received more study in psycholinguistics.] CROSS-LINGUISTIC VARIATION. Given these data from both judgments and psycholinguistic experiments that passives are far more ambiguous than actives for English speakers, Aoun & Li's contrast between Chinese and English can be viewed not as qualitatively different but rather as differing in degree. In English, passives are ambiguous and actives are slightly ambiguous, and in Chinese, passives are ambiguous and actives are apparently not ambiguous at all. One possible account of these differences could preserve the universal nature of scope assignment processes (via the grammar or the processor) by relying on cross-linguistic variation in quantifier terms. Like any lexical item, quantifier terms may not have exact translations from one language to the next, and it is certainly possible that near-translations of some quantifiers may not be exactly equivalent in (I), the strength to which they take wide scope in different languages. For example, a native speaker of Lebanese Arabic tells me that the Arabic equivalent of "everyone" has a stronger tendency to take wide scope in her language than in English, so that the relative ambiguity of Arabic equivalents of (3-4) are not the same as in English. Given the demonstrated effects of quantifier terms on the degree of ambiguity, we might speculate that the Chinese-English differences for (1-2) reflect differences in the wide scope tendencies of the quantifier terms in (1-2). I have absolutely no data about the wide-scope tendencies of quantifier terms in Chinese, and so this suggestion is truly speculative. Perhaps some Chinese speakers on the List can address this issue, e.g. by observing to what if any extent the judgments of ambiguity in Chinese versions of (1-2) vary as a function of the particular quantifier terms used in the sentence. In sum, I have suggested that in using judgments of ambiguity as a reflection of the nature of the grammar, linguists should not overlook the contribution of ambiguity resolution processes that are part of language comprehension. I argue that in the same way that we do not want to invoke grammatical explanations for the incomprehensibility of multiply center-embedded sentences and garden path sentences, we may not want to ascribe grammatical explanations to some scope interpretation preferences, including preferences so strong that one interpretation appears impossible/ungrammatical. Of course I am not saying that there is NO role for the grammar here; instead I mean that one needs to determine which phenomena are best attributed to the grammar and which to the processor. As the field of ambiguity resolution is one of the largest and most productive in psycholinguistics, I suggest that the process of sorting out grammatical vs. processing effects would proceed more rapidly if linguists did not evaluate these issues entirely on (syntax and LF) theory-internal grounds but rather investigated what ambiguity resolution theory has to say about how ambiguity interpretation preferences emerge. Maryellen C. MacDonald University of Southern California mcm@gizmo.usc.edu REFERENCES Fodor, Janet D. (1982). The mental representation of quantifiers. In S. Peters & E. Saarinen (Eds.), PROCESSES, BELIEFS, AND QUESTIONS. Dordrecht: Reidel. Kroch, Anthony. (1975). THE SEMANTICS OF SCOPE IN ENGLISH. Doctoral dissertation, MIT. Available from MITWPL & also published by Garland. Kurtzman, Howard S. & MacDonald, Maryellen C. (1993). Resolution of quantifier scope ambiguities. COGNITION, 48(3), 243-279. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1063. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1064. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 50 Subject: 4.1064 TOC: Sprachtypologie & Universalienforschung 46.3-4 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Dec 93 13:37:17 MST From: martinha@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de (Martin Haspelmath) Subject: TOC: STUF 46.3-4 (1993) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Dec 93 13:37:17 MST From: martinha@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de (Martin Haspelmath) Subject: TOC: STUF 46.3-4 (1993) Table of contents: STUF (Sprachtypologie & Universalienforschung) 46.3 (1993) Articles: Hansjakob Seiler: "The UNITYP approach to universals and typology" (in German) Hans-Juergen Sasse: "The noun -- a universal category?" Petra Vogel: "On the connection between the definite article and distant deixis" STUF 46.4 (1993) Articles: Horst-Dieter Gasde: "Functional and lexical categories in Chinese" David Gil: Nominal and verbal quantification Petr Sgall: "Vladimir Skalicka's approacj to language typology" Review: Martin Haspelmath: on Viktor S. Xrakovskij (ed.) 1992, Tipologija imperativnyx konstrukcij, Sankt-Peterburg ("Typology of imperative constructions") -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1064. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1065. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 139 Subject: 4.1065 Tuvan throat-singing Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1993 02:55:07 -0800 (PST) From: "Vern M. Lindblad" Subject: Q: Tuvan throat-singing -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1993 02:55:07 -0800 (PST) From: "Vern M. Lindblad" Subject: Q: Tuvan throat-singing Ever since I first heard Tuvan throat-singing on NPR's "All Things Considered" several years ago, I've been intrigued by this extraordinarily complicated form of vocal gymnastics. For those who haven't experienced it, you can get a rough approximation for at least some of the five canonical styles by imagining a man singing a very low, droning sound while simultaneously someone whistles a melody. But -- it's all being done by one singer (almost always a man), through exquisite control of overtones! This musical art is related to the overtone singing/chanting done (especially by Buddhist monks) in Tibet and Mongolia, but the Tuvans have taken it further, to the point where some Tuvans can even produce three audible tones simultaneously. The most specific explanation that I've gotten is in the notes accompanying the Smithsonian Folkways CD, "Tuva: Voices from the Center of Asia." According to them, "By precise movements of the lips, tongue, jaw, velum, and larynx, singers can selectively intensify vocally produced harmonics.... Normally ... the numerous harmonics that add "body" to a tone are less loud than the fundamental frequency that tells a listener what musical pitch is being played or sung. We hear harmonics only as coloring, not as distinct notes. In throat-singing, the opposite is true. Harmonics can be made louder than the drone note from which they arise. In Tuva, high harmonic pitches are sequenced into melodies and manipulated with extreme virtuosity in a number of canonized styles." Thereupon follows a transcription in musical notation of the melody of one of the tracks on the CD, showing on the bass clef a drone note that is held for 37 beats, while a melodic line consisting mostly of eighth and quarter notes runs above it on the trebel clef. In addition, above each note on the treble clef is annotated the number of the harmonic that it constitutes relative to the drone tone. The sequence of harmonics begins: 9 10 12 12 10 8 9 10 9 10 8 6 8 9 10 12 12 10; then precisely the same sequence of overtones is repeated with the same durations, excepting only the last 3 notes, for which a 5-note ending is substituted. I find the idea of this kind and degree of control of overtones virtually unfathomable. When three Tuvans performed here in Seattle last January, two other phonology grad students and a phonetician also attended the concert (along with an SRO crowd), but none of them managed to help me understand this vocal phenomenon much better. The emcee at the concert told the audience that the Tuvans can't explain anything about how they make such sounds (a claim that is probably best taken with the proverbial grain of salt). So my primary query comes down to this: Can anybody out there explain any details of the articulatory mechanism of Tuvan throat-singing beyond the suggestive comments I've cited from those liner notes? It strikes me that the sorts of multiple articulations implicated here probably far surpass in both complexity and requisite precision the sorts of multiple articulations (mostly of clicks) discussed in Sagey's (1986) dissertation. Incidentally, if anyone is interested in hearing them in person, two of those same Tuvans we were privileged to hear last January will again be touring the USA along with two others in January 1994, performing under the name of 'Huun-Huur-Tu'. According to the Fall, 1993 issue of the Friends of Tuva newsletter, their itinerary, with contact phone numbers, is as follows: San Diego CA: Thurs, Jan 6. Contact (619) 534-4119 San Luis Obispo CA: Friday, Jan 7. (805) 756-7111 Stanford CA: Saturday, January 8. (415) 723-2551 Ashland OR: Sunday, January 9. (503) 552-6461 Seattle WA: Wednesday, Jan 12. (206) 789-9491 Minneapolis MN: Friday, Jan 14. (612) 338-2674 Chicago IL: Saturday, January 15. (312) 525-7793 Springfield OH: Thursday, Jan 20. (513) 327-7815 Columbus OH: Friday, January 21. (614) 292-5785 Philadelphia PA: Saturday, Jan 22. (215) 387-5125 Washington DC: Sunday, Jan 23. (202) 357-4157 Durham NC: Monday, January 24. (919) 684-6654 Somerville MA: Friday, January 28. (617) 876-4275 New York NY: Saturday, Jan 29. (212) 545-7536 Also, @ FoT newsletter, Ry Cooder scored the new film _Geronimo_ (to be released soon - Dec 10?), and he thought Tuvan music would be more appropriate than authentic Apache music for the film, because what's left of Apache music is so irritating to white people that you couldn't use it for an hour and a half, whereas the music of the Tuvans, with its pure harmonics and its firm connection to wide open spaces, seemed to be well suited for the film. The newsletter is unclear about exactly how much Tuvan music got included in _Geronimo_, but at least during the final scene, Kaigal-ool Khovalyg sings 'Lament Over a Lost Friend'. Furthermore, as a footnote to this story that might partially legitimize throwing together an Asian musical genre and a native American historical/cultural context, somebody once sent in an intriguing reference to FoT describing a Sioux chief singing in two voices, but unfortunately the citation got lost -- does anyone on Linguist List have any references or insights?. (And finally, at the risk of entering the realm of wild speculations, does anyone find this at all suggestive about the Bering land-bridge? Obviously the Sioux weren't Buddhists like the other practitioners of overtone singing mentioned above, but isn't it perhaps conceivable that some form of this vocal technique could antedate Buddhism by millenia, and go back as far as the last ice age? An older Shamanism coexists with the newer Buddhism in Tuvan culture, and while various forms of shamanism are far too widespread around the world for me to be willing to take their mere presence in two cultures as indicative of a common heritage, it seems to me that if overtone singing became entwined with shamanistic practise as a medium of communication with the spirit world, then that might give it such importance that it could persist for millenia. Is anyone aware of any (independent or related) development of similar vocal techniques anywhere else in the world? NB: I am emphatically NOT suggesting that overtone singing is tied to any particular language, nor that Tibetan is genetically related to Altaic languages like Mongolian and Tuvan with which it shares this tradition; I just wonder if throat-singing isn't so peculiar and special that its appearance elsewhere might suggest cultural contact. Also, I wonder if there are any references in ancient Chinese sources to any of their neighbor peoples' doing throat-singing, which could prove that it existed already in antiquity.) Vern M. Lindblad vernml@u.washington.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1065. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1066. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 165 Subject: 4.1066 Gender-neutral Pronouns: The sequel Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 06 Dec 93 11:56:26 -0800 From: bhelm@majestix.cs.uoregon.edu Subject: Gender-neutral pronouns: The sequel -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 06 Dec 93 11:56:26 -0800 From: bhelm@majestix.cs.uoregon.edu Subject: Gender-neutral pronouns: The sequel GENDER-NEUTRAL PRONOUNS: The Sequel Below are some replies to my query about gender-neutral pronouns that didn't make it into my first summary. That original query was: > People on the Esperanto mailing lists are talking about purging their > language of sexism. One aspect of this is a search for a sex-neutral > third-person singular pronoun. I am curious: what pronoun systems > mark sex, but that also incorporate a neutral pronoun for persons? -- B. Robert HELM Email: Department of Computer and Information Science, bhelm@cs.uoregon.edu University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403 (U. S. A.) Tel: +01 (503) 346-1382 ************************ ----- Date: Tue, 23 Nov 93 16:29:40 PST From: serwin@sdcc3.UCSD.EDU (Sean Erwin) Malagasy has a gender neutral 3rd person 'izy,' and the normal 2nd person form is 'ianao,' but there are also specialized 2nd person forms 'ialahy' used to address males, and 'indriaku' used to address females. In addition, there are different words for some kinship terms, depending if speaker is female or male: 'rahalahi'--brother, spoken by male 'anadahi' --brother, spoken by female. Source: Anderson and Keenan, "Deixis" in Shopen 1985. ---Sean ----- Date: Wed, 24 Nov 1993 15:06:44 -0500 (EST) From: Robert D Hoberman Modern Aramaic is pervaded by gender (masculine vs. feminine, no neuter)--every noun is assigned to one or the other. Verb inflection in most tenses marks gender of the subject and (under certain circumstances) object in the singular, along with person and number. Independent pronouns, too, distinguish gender in the second and third person singular, in most dialects. However, in some dialects, such as the one described by Irene Garbell in THE JEWISH NEO-ARAMAIC DIALECT OF PERSIAN AZERBAIJAN (The Hague: Mouton, 1965), the pronouns do not show gender (pronouns, Garbell p. 58). Thus: MASC-SG FEM-SG qemen qeman 'I rise' qemet qemat 'you rise' qem qema 'he/she rises' qimli = qimli 'I rose' qimlox qimlax 'you rose' qimle qimla 'he/she rose' ana = ana 'I' at = at 'you' o = o 'he/she/it' (Other dialects have forms like: ahit ahat 'you' awa aya 'he/she') Robert Hoberman ----- Date: Wed, 24 Nov 93 19:59:19 EST From: Michael Newman I did my dissertation on epicene pronouns in English, and so have a more than passing interest in the topic. From what I understand about the languages Corbett refers to, the pronouns in question are not so much epicene, as have generic referents. You have to look closely, in what he says there, as it's not very clear, but that seems to be what's going on. In my dissertation, I argue that that is exactly what is happening in English too with singular THEY. I would go so far as to say that 'epicene' is not a natural linguistic category; if a paradigm contains a male reference pronoun and a female reference pronoun, it will not have a pronoun that refers to indistinct gender functioning at the same number level. I have yet to see a counter example. Why isn't THEY oper- ating that way in English? because on one hand you get cases of singular THEY with referents of known sex, while on the other, there are referents of unknown sex that are not naturally refered to with singular THEY. I have a collection of cases of the first type--from novels, newspaper articles, and TV shows. The other involve cases where the reference is to a real person, but the speaker does not know that person's sex. For example:-"I can't wait. My favorite writer, Chris Rodriquez is coming to my house. -Who's Chris Rodriquez, I never heard of him/her/*them. Michael > Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1993 21:19:16 -0500 (EST) > From: Ben Petre " bhelm@cs.uoregon.edu (B. Robert Helm) writes: " >In languages like German, there is a neuter grammatical gender, but " >this is different: the neuter pronoun "es" can have a referent whose " >sex is known to be (for instance) female. " " This is only correct if the antecedent of the pronoun is grammatically " neuter, and even then, "es" is often only used for a brief time. For example, " "das Maedchen" (girl) and "das Frauelein" (young, unmarried woman) both " have female referents but are grammatically neuter. German speakers will " generally use "es" within one or two sentences after these words are used, " but often go over to "sie" (the feminine pronoun) in a longer discourse. " This is also true of Modern Greek, which has certain grammatically neuter words: To paidi = lit. "the child" from Ancient Greek o pais (grammatically Masc). This is also used colloquially to refer to a person/people of any age. To agori = "boy, young man" To koritsi = "girl, young woman" To atomo = "person" Animals often have masculine, feminine and neuter forms There are countless other examples in dialect. Interestingly, in Cypriot Greek o anthropos (grammatically masculine) = "man" whereas in standard MG = "human being". For these and other queries relating to Modern Greek, write to the mailing list of the Modern Greek Studies Association at: . Ben Petre, Grad student Department of Linguistics Monash University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1066. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1067. Thu 16 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 84 Subject: 4.1067 LINGUIST fellowships Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 10:47:58 HOE From: The LINGUIST Moderators Subject: Linguist fellowships -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 10:47:58 HOE From: The LINGUIST Moderators Subject: Linguist fellowships As some of you know, LINGUIST is sponsoring 2 graduate fellowships next year, one at Eastern Michigan University and one at Texas A&M. These fellowships are funded by your generous contributions to the LINGUIST Development Fund; and the recipients will be expected to work for a number of hours a week during the award period (Fall 1994 through Summer 1995) as Assistant Editors of LINGUIST. The recipients will each receive approximately $4000 in financial support, with the possibility of renewal for a second year. 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Inquiries and requests for application materials should be addressed to: Prof. Clint Machann Graduate Program Dept. of English Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-4227 USA Email requests for information may be addressed to Prof. Barbara Johnstone, at the address Please include your snail-mail address with e-mail requests for information. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1067. ________________________________________________________________ [Moderators' note: The following message describes how to do things on LINGUIST, and with the LINGUISTS Nameserver. We send this out every few weeks so that it will be available through the same channel as the messages, rather like the stylesheet in the front cover of a paper journal. 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Please direct any queries about the archive server to: John Lawler 16) GET THE LISTSERV TO COOPERATE WHEN IT HASN'T SO FAR: If you've been getting LINGUIST but haven't been able to get files, set nomail, etc., the Listserv may have an address which differs from the one on your mail-messages. A sure sign that the Listserv doesn't recognize you is the response "DATA CONTROL ACCESS VIOLATION" when you try a database search, or a sentence beginning "You are not authorized to..." when you try to get a subscriber list. This simply means that the Listserv doesn't know who you are, and is refusing to allow a non-subscriber access to LINGUIST data. There are a number of ways to handle this: a. If you have both a Bitnet and an Internet address, make sure that you're sending messages to the Listserv by the appropriate routing. Try sending messages to both of the Listserv's addresses to see if one works. b. Check to see if your address has changed since you subscribed. If this has happened, you'll need to resubscribe as in (5) above. c. Many people also receive LINGUIST through local redistribution lists. Such a subscription allows you to read LINGUIST, but not to access its data. If this is your situation, you'll have to subscribe personally. You can set yourself to nomail if you want to continue receiving mail through the distribution list. If all else fails, ask the moderators for help. 17) GET EXTRA HELP WITH ANY OF THE ABOVE: Send a message to either of us: aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu (Anthony Rodrigues Aristar) hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) We'll be happy to help if we can. --Anthony & Helen ------------------------------------- HOW TO USE THE LINGUISTS NAMESERVER The LINGUISTS NAMESERVER is a program which allows linguists to find the e-mail addresses of other linguists. ALL SUBSCRIBERS TO LINGUIST SHOULD SEND THEIR OWN LISTING TO THE NAMESERVER WHEN THEY FIRST SUBSCRIBE, in the way described below. NB: The LINGUISTS Nameserver is administered independently from the LINGUIST mailing list. All ENQUIRIES about the server should be sent to the administrator of the nameserver, Norval Smith, at the address NSMITH@ALF.LET.UVA.NL. DO NOT SEND ANY NAMESERVER MESSAGES TO LINGUIST@TAMSUN.TAMU.EDU OR TO LINGUIST@TAMVM1. These addresses will not be able to deal with them. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ All nameserver messages using the commands below should be sent by e-mail to: linguists@alf.let.uva.nl (linguist@alf.let.uva.nl works too) 1) To get a listing of (an) address(es): list SURNAME 2) To add an address to the Nameserver list: add SURNAME, FIRSTNAME: USERNAME@ADDRESS 3) To remove an address from the Nameserver list: remove SURNAME, FIRSTNAME: USERNAME@ADDRESS 4) To receive the whole list (230 Kb) list * 5) To get a complete HELP message: help 6) To get a list of available FAX numbers: list fax Some Do's and Don'ts. NB-1: All capitalized portions of the above commands are variables. Replace with the relevant names. NB-2: Please use only lower-case letters. NB-3: Start all commands at the left margin. NB-4: Start each command on a new line. As many commands as you like in one message. NB-5: It's just a dumb computer. No message other than the above commands will have any effect at all. NB-6: Please don't attempt to reach us with a TELL message. You will only get a NO SUCH NODE message back. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1068. Fri 17 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 259 Subject: 4.1068 New Books: History of linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) oup lst (Oxford University Press) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS Formigari, Lia SIGNS, SCIENCE AND POLITICS. PHILOSOPHIES OF LANGUAGE IN EUROPE 1700-1830 John Benjamins 1993 x 261 pp. History of Linguistics Cloth US:1 55619 365 3/EUR:90 272 4557 6 US$69.00/Hfl. 125,-- Tells the story of how 18th-century philosophy used Locke's theory of signs to build a natural history of speech and to investigate the semiotic tools with which nature and civil society could supposedly be controlled. The story ends at the point where this approach to language sciences was called into question. Its epilogue is the description of the birth of an alternative between empiricism and idealism in late 18th- and early 19th- century theories of language. Jespersen, Otto PROGRESS IN LANGUAGE. WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENGLISH. WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION BY JAMES D. MCCAWLEY John Benjamins 1993 xviii, 186 pp. History of Linguistics Cloth US:1 55619 314 9/EUR:90 272 1992 3 US$55.00/Hfl. 100,-- Published one hundred years ago and early in his career, but shows how much importance Jespersen attached to variation in language, how tightly his views on change were integrated with his views on synchronic grammar, and how sociolinguistic his thinking on change was. Also how vast a collection of English examples he had already amassed. Law, Vivien (ed.) HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC THOUGHT IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. John Benjamins 1993 viii, 243 pp.+ index History of Linguistics Cloth US:1 55619 366 1/EUR:90 272 4558 4 US$59.00/Hfl. 110,-- Surveys of linguistics in the Middle Ages often begin with the twelfth century, dismissing the preceding six centuries as 'devoid of originality' or 'dependent upon Donatus and Priscian'.This collection of articles attempts to redress the balance, with articles on Virgilius Maro Grammaticus, the Irish contribution to the analysis of Larin and the Carolingian grammarians, among other topics. Williams, Joanna Radwanska A PARADIGM LOST. THE LINGUISTIC THEORY OF MIKOLAY KRUSZEWSKI John Benjamins 1993 xi, 200 pp. History of Linguistics Cloth US:1 55619 608 3/EUR:90 272 4559 2 US$53.00/Hfl. 95,-- Argues that Kruszewski's major work Ocerk nauki o jazyke ('An Outline of the Science of Language) had the potential to be seminal to the field, but because of historical factors, including his early death and the simultaneous consolidation of the Neo-grammarian paradigm, this did not happen Wujastyk, Dominik METARULES OF PANINIAN GRAMMAR. VYADIS PARIBHASAVRTTI. PART I & II. CRITICAL TEXT AND COMMENTARY Egbert Forsten (dist. by John Benjamins) 1993 xxiv, 95; xxxi, 304 Paper US:90 6980 034 9 US$77.00 History of Linguistics If we consider Panini's grammar with it's four thousand rules and lists as a theory of the Sanskrit language (just as Newton's mechanics is a throy of the dynamics of physical objects) then we can test it. There are multitudes of corroborations, and a few wrong predictions. The paribhasas are the extra rules to correct the predictions. Introduces linguists to some of the complex issues in getting one of the best theories of grammar ever to actually work. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1068. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1069. Fri 17 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1069-4875. Lines: 92 Subject: 4.1069 New Books: Sociolinguistics, dialectology, pidgins Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) oup lst (Oxford University Press) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ SOCIOLINGUISTICS Fernandez, Mauro (comp.) DIGLOSSIA. A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1960-1990, AND SUPPLEMENTS. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY W.F. MACKEY John Benjamins 1993 lii, 472 pp. Sociolinguistics Cloth US:1 55619 253 3/EUR:90 272 3749 2 US$100.00/Hfl. 185,-- This first comprehensive bibliography of the subject includes almost 3000 entries, including several dozen before 1960 and a substantial number in the period 1990-1992. All available publications in which the term appears, despite its varied definitions, have been included. In addition there are six indexes. IHDE, Thomas W., ed. (Montclair State College/Trinity College Dublin), 1994: The Irish Language in the United States: A Historical, Sociolinguistic, and Applied Linguistic Survey. Bergin & Garvey: Westport, CT & London. ISBN 0-89789-331-X [cloth] 184 pages, $47.95 + $3.50 Shipping & Handling in U.S., Greenwood Publications Group, Westport, CT (credit card orders 1-800-225-5800). Publication Date: 30 Nov. 1993. This collection of essays reflects on the history of the Irish language in America, the role the language plays in Irish-American identity and different approaches used to acquire the language by L2 learners in the States. More information on contents is available from the editor at ihde@apollo.montclair.edu. DIALECTOLOGY Clarke, Sandra (eds) FOCUS ON CANADA John Benjamins 1993 xii, 296 pp. Dialectology Paper US:1 55619 442 0/EUR:90 272 4869 9 US$59.00/Hfl.110,-- A welcome addition to our linguistic knowledge of English-speaking Canada, topics range from general issues in Canadian lexicography and orthography to sociolinguistic studies of varieties of English spoken in all major geographical areas of the country: Atlantic, Canada, Ontario, Quebec and the West. PIDGINS AND CREOLES Byrne, Francis & Donald Winford. (eds) FOCUS AND GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS IN CREOLE LANGUAGES. PAPERS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CONFERENCE ON FOCUS AND GRAMMARICAL RELATIONS IN CREOLE LANGUAGES. John Benjamins 1993 xvi, 329 pp. Pidgins and Creoles Cloth US:1 55619 166 9/EUR:90 272 5233 5 US$55.00/Hfl.100,-- Discusses the formal constructions and devices which creole languages syntactically utilize to achieve constituent focus, and the many other phenomena and processes that highlight sentence-level elements. Contributions by: Bickerton, Byrne & Caskey, Byrne, Caskey & Winford, Escure, Kihm, Lefebvre & Ritter, Lumsden, Manfredi, Mufwene, Muysken, Oyhlar`n, G. Sankoff, Seuren, Spears. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1069. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1070. Fri 17 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 73 Subject: 4.1070 Qs: Matthews, Participle, Candlin & Anderson, Language origins Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 09:43:24 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu 2) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 10:10:20 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Q: Participle as Part of Speech 3) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 15:39:15 EST From: MICHELE KILGORE Subject: addresses 4) Date: 17 Dec 1993 11:32:56 +0100 From: BARRERA@sevax4.us.es Subject: Language Origins Society -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 09:43:24 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Does anybody know what ever happened to G. H. Matthews, who was quite frequently cited in Chomsky's early work? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 10:10:20 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Q: Participle as Part of Speech Does anyone know specifically when the participle was demoted from its traditional role as one of the parts of speech? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 15:39:15 EST From: MICHELE KILGORE Subject: addresses Does anyone know how to contact Sandy Candlin and Roger W Anderson? Thanks. Mi chele Kilgore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: 17 Dec 1993 11:32:56 +0100 From: BARRERA@sevax4.us.es Subject: Language Origins Society Does anyone know the address of the LANGUAGE ORIGINS SOCIETY? Please send your replies to: barrera@sevax4.us.es.bitnet Thank you, Dario Barrera -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1070. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1071. Sun 19 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 137 Subject: 4.1071 Confs: Asian Languages, Rightward Movement, Romance Languages Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 08 Dec 93 19:24:00 SST From: David Gil Subject: SYMPOSIUM on South & East Asian Languages 2) Date: 13 Dec 93 14:32:31 MET From: RGHTWRD@kub.nl Subject: Tilburg Conference on Rightward Movement 3) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 10:41:01 GMT From: Paul Bennett Subject: Computers and Romance Languages - workshop -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 08 Dec 93 19:24:00 SST From: David Gil Subject: SYMPOSIUM ANNOUNCEMENT Announcing: SYMPOSIUM ON SOUTH AND EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES Saturday 18 December 1993 National University of Singapore (AS7 Seminar Room 1) ********** Programme: 0900 - 0930 Conflict Resolution in South-Asian Syntax K.P. Mohanan and Tara Mohanan 0930 - 1000 On the Acquisition of Split-Ergativity Anjum Saleemi 1000 - 1030 Dissimilation in Meitei K.G. Vijayakrishnan 1100 - 1130 Intensional Grammar and the Minor Predicates of Thai Connor Ferris 1130 - 1200 The Autonomy of Singapore Colloquial English Anthea Fraser Gupta 1200 - 1230 Ease of Articulation and Perception in TSL and ASL Handshapes Jean Ann 1400 - 1430 Indonesian "lagi": A Unified Semantic Representation David Gil 1430 - 1500 WH Questions in Malay Peter Cole and Gaby Hermon 1530 - 1600 Yes-No Questions in the Teochew (Chaozhou) of Singapore Peter Cole and Cher Leng Lee 1600 - 1630 Written Discourse Segmentation: The Function of Unstressed Pronouns in Chinese Mandarin Rachel Giora and Cher Leng Lee 1700 - 1730 Tone Sandhi in Teochew Bao Zhi Ming 1730 - 1800 The Sandhi Domain of Pingyao Chinese Zhang Hong Ming ********** for further information: David Gil ellgild@nusvm.bitnet tel (65) 772-6125 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 13 Dec 93 14:32:31 MET From: RGHTWRD@kub.nl Subject: Tilburg Conference on Rightward Movement Initial Announcement: Tilburg Conference on Rightward Movement Date: 6-8 October 1994 Featured Speaker: Richard Kayne Full announcement to be made in January 94. Deadline for abstracts will be 15 April 1994. Contact address: rghtwrd@kub.nl -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 10:41:01 GMT From: Paul Bennett Subject: Computers and Romance Languages - workshop The North-West Centre for Romance Linguistics will be hosting a workshop on Computers and Romance Languages, at UMIST in Manchester on 11-12 March 1994. The topics to be covered are computer-assisted language learning, corpus linguistics and natural language processing. There are two aims: (i) to provide a forum for computational linguists who have an interest in Romance languages; (ii) to introduce the various linguistic applications of computers to students and staff in Romance language departments. Speakers will be from Canada, France, Great Britain, Italy and Spain. The probable cost is 40 pounds (covering registration and a buffet lunch on the Saturday), with a discount for students. For further details contact Paul Bennett, Dept of Language and Linguistics, UMIST, P O Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Great Britain (email: paul@ccl.umist.ac.uk). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1071. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1072. Sun 19 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 153 Subject: 4.1072 Calls: Language Acquisition, ACL 1994 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 09:48 +0100 From: Peter.Broeder@kub.nl Subject: Cognitive Models of Language Acquisition 2) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 1993 17:11:51 -0500 From: "James Pustejovsky" Subject: Program Committee Listing for ACL 1994 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1993 09:48 +0100 From: Peter.Broeder@kub.nl Subject: Cognitive Models of Language Acquisition *************** CALL FOR PAPERS ****************************************************** Workshop on 'Cognitive Models of Language Acquisition' April 21-23, 1994 Tilburg University, The Netherlands ****************************************************** Organizers: Peter Broeder (Tilburg) Jaap Murre (Cambridge) Scientific committee: Melissa Bowerman (Nijmegen) Peter Coopmans (Utrecht) Guus Extra (Tilburg) Peter Jordens (Amsterdam) Sponsored by: L.O.T. (Landelijke Onderzoeksschool Taalkunde), The Dutch national Ph.D. program in Linguistics AIM OF THE WORKSHOP The workshop is centered around two basic questions with respect to the nature and origins of language as "an individual phenomenon": (1) What constitutes knowledge of language? (2) How is knowledge of language acquired? Currently, these questions are being addressed within different cognitive models of language acquisition which derive from strongly contrasting research paradigms. The paradigms start from fundamentally different assumptions about language (symbolic or subsymbolic) and the mechanisms that drive the process of language acquisition (inductive or deductive). The workshop will focus on processes of language acquisition in children and adults and on modelling theses processes. In particular, the acquisition and representation of words will be a central topic. The workshop aims to bring together researchers willing to discuss the merits and constraints of the various models based on the interdisciplinary approaches of linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, NLP, and AI. PARTICIPANTS Melissa Bowerman (Nijmegen), Harald Clahsen (Colchester), Vivian Cook (Colchester), Peter Coopmans (Utrecht), Walter Daelemans (Tilburg), Guus Extra (Tilburg), Michael Gasser (Indiana), Steven Gillis (Antwerp), Peter Jordens (Amsterdam), Gerard Kempen (Leiden), Brian MacWhinney (Pittsburg), Paul Meara (Swansea), Dennis Norris (Cambridge), Kim Plunkett (Oxford), Henk van Riemsdijk (Tilburg), Mike Sharwood-Smith (Utrecht), Paul Smolensky (Colorado), Sven Stromqvist (Goteborg). ABSTRACTS We invite those interested to submit a two-page abstract (for a 30 minute oral presentation) by January 15, 1994. We would prefer to receive the abstracts by e-mail. The organizers can be contacted at the following addresses: Peter Broeder Jaap Murre Department of Linguistics Medical Research Council University of Tilburg Applied Psychology Unit P.O. Box 90153 15 Chaucer Road 5000 LE Tilburg Cambridge CB2 2EF The Netherlands United Kingdom tel: +31 13-662239 tel: +44 223 355294 fax: +31 13-663110 fax: +44 223 359062 e-mail: peter.broeder@kub.nl e-mail: jaap.murre@mrc-apu.cam.ac.apu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 1993 17:11:51 -0500 From: "James Pustejovsky" Subject: Program Committee Listing for ACL 1994 ACL-94 CALL FOR PAPERS 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics 27 June - 1 July 1994 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA TOPICS OF INTEREST: Papers are invited on substantial, original, and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics, including, but not limited to, pragmatics, discourse, semantics, syntax, and the lexicon; phonetics, phonology, and morphology; interpreting and generating spoken and written language; linguistic, mathematical, and psychological models of language; language-oriented information retrieval; corpus-based language modeling; machine translation and translation aids; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems; message and narrative understanding systems; and theoretical and applications papers of every kind. ACL 1994 PROGRAM COMMITTEE Hiyan Alshawi (AT&T) Bran Boguraev (Apple Inc.) Ted Briscoe (U. Cambridge, Xerox Grenoble) Garrison Cottrell (UC-San Diego) Laurence Danlos (Universit'e Paris 7) Marc Gawron (SRI) Pierre Isabelle (CITI) Mark Johnson (Brown University) Alex Lascarides (Stanford University) Lori Levin (CMU) David Lewis (AT&T) Marie Meteer (BBN) Livia Polanyi (Rice University, CSLI) James Pustejovsky (Brandeis University, Chair) Mats Rooth (University of T"ubingen) Yoshinori Sagisaka (ATR) Keh-Yih Su (National Tsing Hua University) Evelyne Tzoukermann (AT&T) Hans Uszkoreit (Universit"at des Saarlandes) K. Vijay-Shanker (University of Delaware, DFKI) For more information, consult the full "Call for Papers" or contact: James Pustejovsky +1-617-736-2709 Brandeis University +1-617-736-2741 fax Computer Science, Ford Hall Waltham, MA 02254, USA jamesp@cs.brandeis.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1072. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1073. Mon 20 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 184 Subject: 4.1073 Jobs: Professor, NSF Traineeships, Post doctoral fellowship Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 08:40:55 +0100 From: beskow@ling.gu.se (Bjoern Beskow) Subject: Job: Professor on Computational Linguistics 2) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1993 17:23:30 -0500 From: Kathleen McCoy Subject: NSF Traineeships at the University of Delaware 3) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 93 21:24:12 EST From: Christina Kakava Subject: Post-doctoral fellowship in Hellenic Studies -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 08:40:55 +0100 From: beskow@ling.gu.se (Bjoern Beskow) Subject: Job: Professor on Computational Linguistics UNIVERSITY OF GOTEBORG, Department of Linguistics announces a position as Professor of Computational Linguistics, ref no E 311 xxx/93 Applications are invited for a professorship (chair) in computational linguistics at the Department of Linguistics, University of Goteborg. The department provides an active internationally oriented research environment. The research is oriented mainly towards semantics, pragmatics and spoken language. The successful candidate will be expected to pursue his/her own research as well as to teach courses, mainly on the graduate level, provide Ph D thesis work guidance and to take an active interest in obtaining and pursuing externally funded research projects. Candidates should have proven ability for independent research, teaching experience and preferably experience in leading research projects. Applications should be made in writing and should contain the following items: 1. Short account of scientific accomplishments and teaching experience including text books (4 copies) 2. Curriculum vitae containing jobs, awards, scientific and pedagogical publications (4 copies) 3. Copies of grades, certificates (4 copies) 4. At most 10 publications from the candidate's list. The publications should be those that the candidate regards as most important. The publications should be put in 4 parcels, so that they can be directly sent to the members of the expert selection committee. Members may later require further publications. Items of type 1 and 2 should be sent in before deadline for applications. If items 3 and 4 cannot be provided together with items 1 and 2, they must be sent in within 3 weeks after the deadline, and a notification of the intent to submit them must be made at the time of the application. Further information about the job may be obtained from associate professor Sven Stromqvist, e-mail: sven@ling.gu.se. The application should be addressed to the Vice Chancellor of the University of Goteborg, contain the above given reference number and have reached the registrar of the University of Goteborg, Vasaparken, 411 24 Goteborg no later than February 4, 1994. DEADLINE OF APPLICATION: the application should have reached the registrar no later than February 4, 1994. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1993 17:23:30 -0500 From: Kathleen McCoy Subject: NSF Traineeships at the University of Delaware Would you please post this announcement on appropriate bulletin boards at your institution? Please note these traineeships are intended for students who are beginning graduate study in Fall 1994. ************************************************************************ NSF GRADUATE TRAINEESHIPS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACES Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Delaware The Department of Computer and Information Sciences at the University of Delaware is recruiting students for five National Science Foundation graduate traineeships in the area of natural language human-computer interfaces. These graduate traineeships will be awarded to outstanding students who enter the PhD program in the Fall of 1994, and will continue for five years (subject to the student making satisfactory progress toward the PhD and no discontinuation of the grant by NSF). Each traineeship covers tuition and a 12-month stipend of at least $14,000. Opportuni- ties exist for summer research at industrial sites and interna- tional research laboratories. The Department has three faculty (Sandra Carberry, Kathleen McCoy, and K. Vijayashanker) whose research is devoted to the development of natural language human-computer interfaces, and another faculty member (Dan Chester) with significant interests in the area. Current research includes grammatical formalisms, parsing, understanding, generation, discourse, collaborative dialogue systems, plan recognition, user modeling, and augmenta- tive communication. In addition, faculty from the Department of Linguistics and the Department of Psychology have related interests in syntax, semantics, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, phonology, and text processing. The Department also maintains an affiliation with the Rehabilitation Engineering Center of the A.I.duPont Institute, which pursues applied research on the development of communication aids for disabled individuals. These graduate traineeships are restricted by NSF to United States citizens and permanent residents. We particularly encourage eligible women and minority applicants. Interested students should contact Sandra Carberry (carberry@cis.udel.edu) or Kathleen McCoy (mccoy@cis.udel.edu) via email or write to Department of Computer Science Attn: Carberry/McCoy (NSF traineeships) University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19716 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 93 21:24:12 EST From: Christina Kakava Subject: Post-doctoral fellowship in Hellenic Studies Princeton University invites applications for the Hannah Seeger Davis post- doctoral fellowship in Hellenic Studies. The fellowship is awarded annually on a competitive basis to a young scholar in Hellenic Studies, with a special emphasis on Byzantine and/or Modern Greek Studies, including their relation to the Classical tradition. The stipend for academic year 1994-95 will be $28,500 and the term of residence will be September 1, 1994 to June 30, 1995. The candidate selected for this fellowship will spend an academic year in residence at Princeton for the purpose of revising his/her dissertation for publication as a book or for another research project specified in the application. The fellow will be invited to participate in the activities of the Program and in the intellectual life of the University. She or he will enjoy full access to the University's library, archival, and computing resources. Eligibility is limited to candidates who do not currently hold a tenure-track academic appointment at another institution and who have completed all the requirements for the doctoral degree by June 1, 1994 but no earlier than June 1, 1992. Candidates from all humanities and social science disciplines will be considered. Applicants should submit a CV, samples of their scholarly work, a detailed description of their research project, and the names of three references. The deadline for application materials is February 1, 1994. The Committee also requires a letter from the candidate's departmental chair confirming the date of completion of all the requirements for the doctoral degree. This letter should be received by June 1, 1994. The Committee will announce its decision by early June, 1994. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to: Princeton University Committee on Hellenic Studies Joseph Henry House Princeton, NJ 08544-1019 tel.: (609) 258-3339 Fax: (609) 258-2137 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1073. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1074. Mon 20 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 128 Subject: 4.1074 Qs: Starostin, Heterophones, Ample/Stamp, Anthro Course Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 93 15:30:10 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Desperately Seeking Starostin and Comrie 2) Date: 15 Dec 93 11:59:42 EST From: "Marie Egan" Subject: homographic heterophones 3) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 93 11:28:03 PST From: "Ray Siemens" Subject: Program Information Requested: AMPLE & STAMP 4) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 93 19:36:49 MST From: Subject: Anthro lx course on computer -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 93 15:30:10 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Desperately Seeking Starostin and Comrie Not for the first time, I urgently need to get in touch with Sergei Starostin, and since all attempts to reach him directly or via others in Moscow have failed, I am hoping that someone on LINGUIST knows where he might be and how to find him. Likewise, I have been able to reach Bernard Comrie at his usual email address at USC for some time, and I am wondering if anyone knows where he is. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 15 Dec 93 11:59:42 EST From: "Marie Egan" Subject: homographic heterophones I showed the recent post looking for a term for words like polish/Polish to a friend of mine who does not subscribe to the list. She is always interested in finding more English homographic heterophones such as _tear_ - a rip and _tear_ - what rolls out of the eye when you cry, and therefore asked me to post this request. If you know of any such English pairs which have a syntactic category in common (e.g. both _tear_'s can be nouns) would you please send them to Jill Reppert at reppert@hsscls.hssc.scarolina.edu If people are interested, she will post a summary to the list. Marie Egan University of South Carolina -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 93 11:28:03 PST From: "Ray Siemens" Subject: Program Information Requested: AMPLE & STAMP I am hoping to find out more about two programs whose names I came across in a book on PC-Kimmo. They are AMPLE and STAMP. Specifically, I am interested in where the programs might be obtained (ftp site, etc...), how I could get into contact with their authors, and any comments that users of the programs would wish to share. Please feel free to contact me at my address, below. Thanks, Ray Siemens University of British Columbia siemens@unixg.ubc.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 93 19:36:49 MST From: Subject: Anthro lx course on computer Does anyone know of efforts to create a computer-mediated course in anthro-linguistics? I'd like to hear from anyone who has worked on development of such a course or anyone who has even thought about it. I'm planning to create one over the next 3 years, hoping to take advantage of the visual and audio examples CAI based courses allow. The course I'm planning is a broad survey of the development of lx within anthropology, especially as models of language organization have had an affect on cultural anthro and archaeology. Another aspect of the survey is the range of concerns anthropologists bring to language studies. The course is ambitious in scope but I have taught a course like this at the intermediate/senior u/graduate level quite successfully, even though there is no good textbook. One third of the course deals with the history of the development of concepts from the late 1800s onwards; one third deals with archaeology, human paleontology, and language pre-history; and one third deals with field-based studies of systems of language use (e.g., conversation analysis, ethnog of communication). I'd really appreciate the chance to share the more detailed plans I have for this course with others who might be interested, to get critical comments and advice. Please correspond with me directly: CURION@VM.UCS.UALBERTA.CA Carl Urion Dept of Anthropology University of Alberta Edmonton, Canada -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1074. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1075. Mon 20 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 163 Subject: 4.1075 Sum: Regular expressions in context-free rules, OK use Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 93 08:28:44 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Summary: Regular Expressions in Context-free Rules 2) Date: 16 Dec 1993 18:22:05 -0500 (EST) From: Ali Aghbar Subject: Sum: OK Use -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 93 08:28:44 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Summary: Regular Expressions in Context-free Rules In response to my query (on LINGUIST and on THEORYNT) about who first allowed regular expressions to appear in context-free rules, I received a lot of mail, none of which supplied the answer directly. In fact, there appears to be no such thing as THE answer. Thus, while trying to follow up a number of leads which I received and which for the most part involved references to papers that appeared in the sixties in the Comm. of the Assoc. for Computing Machinery, I found that none of the specific references were relevant, but stumbled across the following: In 1962 I. N. Rabinowitz "Report on the Algorithmic Language FORTRAN II", CACM 5(6):327-337 invented a notation that allows you specify that a given element can be recurr between n and m times. In 1964, K. E. Iverson "A Method of Syntax Specification", CACM 7(10): 588-589 proposed using the asterisk in context-free rules on the right hand side to refer back to the left hand side, e.g., A -> * B would mean A -> A B but in effect it can also be read as A -> any number of B's. In 1965, Lee Schmidt "On Syntax Specification", CACM 8(5): 262, explicitly refers to a notation for saying "zero or more of" X which takes the form of something that looks like the function sign before X, and refers to Rabinowitz as an apparent inspiration. In 1966, we have two relevant pieces: B. M. Leavenworth, "Syntax Macros and Extended Translation", CACM 9(11): 790-793 refers to the use of three dots (...) following a sign as meaning '1 or more times' in IBM's documentation of the PL/1 language in the same year; and finally finally John W. Carr III and Jerome Weiland, "A Nonrecursive Method of Syntax Specification", CACM 9(4): 267-269, introduce the current notation of A* for 'zero or more occurrences of A' into CFGs and refer generally to the "use of the Kleene regular expression notation" (of which this is of course just one instance). Carr and Weiland explicitly recognize Iverson as the person who inspired them to see the need for this kind of notation and, of course, acknowledge Kleene for inventing regular expressions in the first place. In addition, however, in the book Jean Sammet, Programming Languages, which several people told me to read, I find a reference to the use of the three-dot notation (same as noted above for PL/1 in 1966) in the 1965 Cobol documentation. It thus seems that these ideas were all over the place, at least in the programming language community, but at the same time several linguists have suggested that they recall some discussion of this topic at MIT at roughly the same time. Unfortunately, I have not been able to come up with any specifics on this, not to mention published references. If any of this jogs anybody's recollections, please let me know, as I would like to form as complete a picture as possible of this little piece of history. Alexis Manaster Ramer -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 16 Dec 1993 18:22:05 -0500 (EST) From: Ali Aghbar Subject: Sum: OK Use Thanks to many fellow-netters who responded to my Dec. 7 query on on research on the USE of OK, which I posted on behalf of a graduate student of mine. I will clip and insert below some of the relevant responses I have received. If you know of other research on the use of OK which I have not included here, please let me know. Ali A. Aghbar BITNET address: AAGHBAR@IUP.BITNET Network address: AAGHBAR@GROVE.IUP.EDU =================================================== [I RECEIVED QUITE A FEW RESPONSES ON THE ORIGIN OF OK. THE WORK OF ALLAN WALKER READ WAS MENTIONED BY QUITE A FEW PEOPLE, SO I WILL CLIP ONLY ONE OF THE RESPONSES. Ali Aghbar] Allen Walker Read did a very thorough study of this. There are several papers in American Speech, Vol. 39, 1964, and citations to earlier papers in the bibliography. He examined newspapers from the mid 1830's (I think) and found that it came from "Old Kinderhook" (the party slogan for Martin van Buren), and there was also evidence that it came from "Ol Korect" (All Correct). Bob krovetz@cs.umass.edu =================================================== I once did a study of OK (plus right and alright) in the Londohn- Lund Corpus of spoken English. It's called 'Carry-on signals in English conversation' and occurs in Mejs, W. (ed) 1987. Corpus Linguistics and Beyond. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Anna-Brita Stenstr|m NetMail%"Stenstroem@eng.uib.no" =================================================== Try e-mailing Maria Pak (pak@cogsci.berkeley.edu) and/or Elena Escalera (escalera@cogsci.berkeley.edu). I think one of them (I don't remember which) did some work on `OK'. Joyce Tang Boyland (jtang@cogsci.berkeley.edu) [NOTE: I ALREADY SENT AN E-MAIL TO MARIA PAK BUT MY MESSAGE COULD NOT BE DELIVERED. Ali Aghbar] =================================================== I believe beth ann hockey presented a paper at LSA a couple of years ago on the use of "okay" as a discourse marker. I'm sorry I can't be more specific, but I believe it was between about 1988 and 1992. She's out of the country at the moment, but if there's no great rush you can e-mail her at beth@linc.cis.upenn.edu and i'm sure she'll respond when she returns. betty birner: betty@babel.ling.upenn.edu Also mentioned by niv%csa.cs.technion.ac.il@cs.Technion.AC.IL =================================================== I was delighted to learn that your graduate student is studying OK. I hope s/he will look at my paper: Condon, Sherri L. The Discourse Functions of OK. Semiotica 60, 1986, 73-101. In the paper I cite Merritt's 1978 paper, which is still the only relatively recent one I am aware of... Sherri Condon University of Southwestern Louisiana (Universite des Acadiens) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1075. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1076. Mon 20 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 164 Subject: 4.1076 Calls: RIAO 1994 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 11:05:41 -0500 From: grefen@cs.pitt.edu (Gregory Grefenstette) Subject: Call for Papers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 11:05:41 -0500 From: grefen@cs.pitt.edu (Gregory Grefenstette) Subject: Call for Papers CALL FOR PAPERS RIAO'94 Intelligent Multimedia Information Retrieval Systems and Management Rockefeller University New York, N. Y. October 11-13, 1994 Sponsored by the European Economic Community with the participation of INRIA, France Telecom Organized by the Centre de Hautes Etudes Internationales d'Informatique Documentaire (CID, France), and the Center for the Advanced Study of Information Systems (CASIS, USA) This conference, held every three years since 1985, allows researchers, product developers and companies to present and demonstrate the latest evolutions in information retrieval. New trends in hardware organization, telecommunication networks, hyperlinking, heterogeneous document creation, computational linguistics, and other fields modify the way that information retrieval can be imagined. This conference is a forum for innovative responses to this field as well as to related problems in very large databases, public access to information, multimedia information retrieval, interface specifications, and others. In addition to regular paper presentations, the conference will offer prototype and product demonstrations. Major topics include, but are not limited to: I. New paradigms for Information Retrieval II. Linguistic Analysis for Automatic Treatment: Full-text analysis; Indexing and retrieval using NLP; Multilingual interfaces and systems; Automatic abstracting. III. Large Knowledge Bases: Electronic dictionaries; Thesaurus, hyperbases using semantic networks, neuronal networks, conceptual graphs; Case-based reasoning systems for text; Multi-expert systems; Genetic information bases. IV. Digitized Document Understanding and Retrieval: Text, sound and image management for IR; Automatic extraction of factual information, multimedia indexing and retrieval; Automatic information structuring and linking in hypertext and hypermedia; Compound and multisource documents, active documents, speech documents V. Information Reading: Intelligent navigational aids; User understanding and modeling; Query formulation and expansion VI. Openness, Interoperability and Integration: How to achieve device independent portable information; Import/Export facilities; Communications between heterogeneous SRIs; Intelligent E-mails; Systems and interface integration; Standardization (SGML, HyTime, ...) VII. Multimodal Interfaces: Interfaces with several means of interaction (voice, mouse, keyboard, pointer, ...); Multilingual interfaces; Interaction with iconic languages; New visualization technologies. VIII. Confidentiality and Intellectual Property. IX. Measure and Evaluation. X. Experimental Applications. INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS Papers must be validated by a prototype or working model. The authors may be asked to demonstrate their prototype or working model to a member of the program committee. The authors are expected to give a demonstration of their system during a time separate from their oral presentation. It is advisable that these demonstrations run oon standard material. PAPERS should not exceed 20 double-spaced pages, including figures and text. Send four copies of paper including authors names, address, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail address, and an abstract of at most 20 lines. DATES February 28, 1994 : Four Hard-copy of submissions must be received at one of the following addresses: CASIS/RIAO94 C.I.D. c/o P. Brodnitz RIAO'94 55 Perry St. #4A 36 rue Ballu New York, New York 10021 75009 Paris USA FRANCE Tel/fax 212-714-1421 tel: (33) 1 42-85-94-75 e-mail: noordewi@cs.rutgers.edu fax: (33) 1 48-78-49-61 fax: (33) 1 45-26-84-45 e-mail: cid@nuri.inria.fr May 15, 1994 : Authors notified of acceptance CONFERENCE CHAIRS Dr F. Seitz, Rockefeller University Prof. J.M. Funck Brentano, Hopital Necker Paris PROGRAM COMMITTEE J.P. Barthes Univ. Compiegne, France J.C. Bassano Univ. Orleans, France C. Chrisment Univ. Toulouse, France C. Dabney Macquarie Univ. Australia J. Depireux Univ. Liege, Belgium J. Ducloy INIST-CRIN, France D.A. Evans Carnegie Mellon Univ., USA G. Grefenstette Rank Xerox, France D.J. Harman NIST, USA U. Heide Univ. Stuttgart, Germany A. Giannetti SOGEI, Italy J. Ladouceur Univ. Laval, Canada R. Marcus MIT, USA W. Martin Free Univ. Amsterdam, Holland M. Noordewier Rutgers Univ., USA L. Rau General Electric, USA R.S. Rosenberg Univ. British Columbia, Canada J. Rouault Univ. Grenoble, France S. Saracevic Rutgers Univ., USA B. Sharp Stafford Univ, UK B. Smith European Community P.E. Schmitz Text Information Systems , Switzerland U. Thiel GMD-IPSI Damstadt, Germany B. Webber University of Pennsylvania, USA Y. Yamadori JIPDEC, Japan -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1076. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1077. Mon 20 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 74 Subject: 4.1077 Sum: Aboriginal/English cross communication Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 16:13:40 -0500 From: raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca (Randy Allen Harris) Subject: SUM: Aboriginal/English cross communication -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 93 16:13:40 -0500 From: raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca (Randy Allen Harris) Subject: SUM: Aboriginal/English cross communication My apologies for the delay between my query and this summary; it's an ugly time of the semester. My (clumsily worded query (LINGUIST 4.997) read as follows: > For a course I am teaching, I would be very grateful for references to > crossed communication between aboriginals (including, especially, Native > Americans) and Caucasians (including, especially, North American English > speakers). I would also appreciate any work relating to aboriginals and > literacy. The responses I received were: Basso, Keith. 1972. "To give up on words: silence in Western Apache culture." _Language in social context_. Edited. by P. Giglioli. Penguin. Basso, Keith. 1979. _Portraits of 'The Whiteman': Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache_. London: Cambridge U. P. Bunte, Pam, and Martha Kendall. 198.1 "When is an error not an error? Notes on language contact and the question of interference." _Anthropological Linguistics_ 23.1-7). Kaldor, Susan (et al?). No date. _English and the Aboriginal Child_. Western Australian Education Department (?). Dunnigan, Timothy, Rose Barstow and Angeline Northbird (1988) "Ojibwe Texts: Language Mixing and Humor in the Mille Lacs and Red Lake Dialects" in _An Ojibwe Text Anthology_. Edited by John D. Nichols. Ontario: The Centre for Research and Teaching of Canadian Native Languages. Pride, John B. 1985. Cross-Cultural Encounters: Communication and Mis-Communication. Melbourne, Australia: River Seine. Many thanks, for their prompt and helpful responses, to: Aaron Broadwell, Scott DeLancey, Timothy Dunnigan, Anne Gilman, Narahiko Inoue, and Rob Pensalfini. -------======= * =======------- Randy Allen Harris raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca Rhetoric and Professional Writing, Department of English, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1, CANADA; 519 885-1211, x5362; FAX: 519 884-8995 LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1077. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1078. Mon 20 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 148 Subject: 4.1078 Qs: Distant assimilation, Contrastive focus, Phractured, Idiom Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 13:21:38 EST From: Brian D Joseph Subject: Query: Distant Assimilation 2) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 1993 13:19:50 +0800 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: comparative focus constructions 3) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 1993 16:56:15 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Phractured Phrases 4) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1993 09:32:13 -0500 (EST) From: sshelly@acs.wooster.edu (sharon shelly) Subject: "pushing the envelope" -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 13:21:38 EST From: Brian D Joseph Subject: Query: Distant Assimilation Rex Wallace of UMass and I have been trying to find clear examples of distant (i.e. nonadjacent) assimilations. All of the ones we have seen so far (e.g. the well-known case of p...kw --> kw...kw in Italic (kw = labiovelar here, by the way)) seem to involve place assimilation or nasal assimilation (Medieval Greek mespilon --> later musmulon), or aspiration (e.g. under one interpretation, Ancient Greek thuphlos versus tuphlos, where the unaspirated initial may be the older form), but we have not seen any involving manner assimilation e.g. in which a stop becomes a fricative in the distant environment of another fricative (as with hab --> haf or the like). Any examples people might have of such distant assimilations not involving place or nasality or aspiration would be greatly appreciated. Please send any responses to bjoseph@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu, and we will summarize for the list if enough interesting material emerges. Brian Joseph -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 1993 13:19:50 +0800 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: comparative focus constructions I'm interested in doing a survey of focus constructions amongst the world's languages. I don't know how many languages have been looked at sufficiently closely for the question to be properly asked. But i know of some languages (e.g. English) in which (unless one uses a cleft construction) a constituent getting at least contrastive focus is typically put as late in the clause as is grammatically possible: 1a. I gave a book to JOHN. b. I gave John A BOOK. 2a. We put the books ON THE TABLE. b. On the table we put THE BOOKS. I know of other languages (Hungarian, Sanskrit, and many other South Asian languages) in which the focussed constituent is typically put in a position immediately adjacent to the verb. In Hungarian, the focus position is as far as i know always before the verb, but i'm not convinced this is the case in all languages with 'adverbal' focus. Does anyone know of any other options? I'd like to know what there is in the literature on as many languages as possible. If adverbal vs. clause-final focus are the only options (apart from biclausal constructions like the English cleft), can any typological generalizations be reliably made about them? For instance, do all languages with typically adverbal focus favour head-final phrase structure? Do all languages with typically clause-final focus favour head-initial phrase structure? Any suggestions, especially of good published studies, and discussion welcome. If desired i'll post a summary. Thanks Steven ============================================================= Dr. Steven Schaufele 217-344-8240 712 West Washington Ave. fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Urbana, IL 61801 *** O syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum! *** **** Nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis! **** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 1993 16:56:15 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Phractured Phrases When people say THAT'S ALL SHE WROTE, the intonation they use indicates that they mean "that's everything she wrote". Once in a while, however, someone will say it as if it were "THAT'S ALL", SHE WROTE. Dooes anybody know which of the two is the original? This is similar, it seems to me, to Leo Durocher's famous NICE GUYS FINISH LAST which he never said. What happened was that one day during spring training, he was sitting with a sports reporter watching the team they were going to face that day practicing before the game. The reporter asked him what he thought about that team's chances that year, and he said: "Nice guys. Finish last", i.e. they're nice guys but they'll finish last. Does anybody know of any other cases of this type? Marc Picard -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1993 09:32:13 -0500 (EST) From: sshelly@acs.wooster.edu (sharon shelly) Subject: "pushing the envelope" I have come across the expression "pushing the envelope" in the American popular press at least a dozen times in the past 3 months. From the contexts in which it appeared I gather it means something like "expanding the frontiers" .... Is anyone aware of the origin of this idiom? Is it new, or am I just getting around to noticing it? Is it strictly American, or is it showing up in other English language publications? Sharon L. Shelly SSHELLY@acs.WOOSTER.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1078. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1079. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 228 Subject: 4.1079 FYI: 1994 GISSL, IPPE, Fonts Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 10 Dec 1993 09:29:05 -0500 (EST) From: gcestiu@onyar.udg.es Subject: 1994 GISSL 2) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 93 20:10:03 +0900 From: phil-preprints-admin@cogsci.l.chiba-u.ac.jp Subject: News from the IPPE 3) Date: 18 Dec 93 12:54 GMT From: ECOLING@applelink.apple.com (Ecological Linguistics,Anderson,PRT) Subject: IPA fonts clarifications 4) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 21:21:45 -0700 From: krahnke@lamar.ColoState.EDU (Karl Krahnke) Subject: Phonetic fonts - more -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 10 Dec 1993 09:29:05 -0500 (EST) From: gcestiu@onyar.udg.es Subject: 1994 GISSL UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA 1994 Girona International Summer School in Linguistics from 4 to 29 July For more information, please contact: Universitat de Girona a/a Laura Ripoll PlaDa Sant Domenec, 9 17004 Girona Spain Tel: 34+72-41.80.28, Fax: 34+72-41.80.32 E-mail gcestiu@onyar.udg.es There will be introductory courses and advanced courses. Introductory courses Phonology (H. van der Hulst) Syntax (H. van Riemsdijk & L. Haegeman) Semantics (S. Iatridou) Advanced Courses (among others) Phonology (H. van der Hulst, B. Palmada, J. Padgett) Syntax & Semantics (J. Grimshaw, G. Cinque, P. Beninca, J. Ortiz de urbina, I. Roberts, S. Vikner, H. Borer, A. Giorgi) The 1994 GISSL Workshop will be held on 22-23 of July Call for papers in the complete brochure. Complete brochure will appear during 1994 GLOW Colloquium GLOW grants available. Information on GLOW Newsletter, num. 31 (Fall, 1993) Organizing Committee: Avel.lina Suter, Blanca Palmada, Salvador Oliva, LlLu-sa Gracia Executive Secretary: Laura Ripoll -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 93 20:10:03 +0900 From: phil-preprints-admin@cogsci.l.chiba-u.ac.jp Subject: News from the IPPE =========================================================== News from the International Philosophical Preprint Exchange =========================================================== 30 Nov 93 ------------------------ Usership and submissions ------------------------ In recent weeks, usage of the IPPE has remained steady at about 4500 accesses per month. However, probably due to the approaching end of the semester in many parts of the world, the rate of new submissions has temporarily dipped. Approximately 20 new papers are at some stage or other of the submission process, and we hope to be able to announce several batches of newly available papers within the next few weeks. -------------------------------- Books, journals, and conferences -------------------------------- Other new developments are also in the works. We shall soon be opening a new directory (and Gopher menu) for journals, book series, and conferences, within which we will be making available abstracts, tables of contents, and in some cases introductory essays of forthcoming issues of journals, forthcoming volumes in book series, and papers to be presented at conferences. Thus far, we have firm arrangements with two journals and with one book series. We would be glad to hear from others who might be interested in a similar arrangement. -------------------------- North American mirror site -------------------------- Courtesy of Professor Michael Hart of Project Gutenberg, a mirror image of the IPPE archive will shortly be available for ftp users at a North American mirror site, mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu (the main site in Japan, Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp, will of course also remain available to users worldwide). North American users, as well as certain others, may prefer to ftp to the North American site. On mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu, the IPPE archive can be found in the directory etext/ippe. Please note that mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu cannot accept IPPE submissions; for submission information, see below. ------------------ Other mirror sites ------------------ Other sites interested in keeping an automated mirror image of the IPPE archive are desired, especially in parts of the world which do not yet have a nearby IPPE mirror. We would especially like to have additional mirror sites in Europe and Australasia. To mirror the IPPE, you need to be able to commit a considerable amount of disk space (no less than 100 MB, although only half that will be needed immediately), to be willing to install and run the Washington University ftp server (wuftpd), and to be willing to transmit the relevant potions of the ftp server's log files to the Chiba site periodically (we have automated software that will accomplish this). All interested parties are invited to contact us at the address to discuss matters. ------------------------------------------- Placing your own working papers on the IPPE ------------------------------------------- The IPPE welcomes working papers in all areas of philosophy. Authors who place their papers on the IPPE benefit from the comments and criticisms of philosophers worldwide: on average, a paper placed on the IPPE is read twice a day, in the first month alone. Authors retain copyright, and papers remain fully publishable. If you wish to place a paper on the IPPE, please contact Carolyn Burke (cburke@nexus.yorku.ca), who will be pleased to guide you throught the processs of submitting your paper by email, ona diskette, or by ftp. (Expert ftp users may wish to simply connect to Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp, read the file pub/submissions/README, and upload their papers using the procedure described therein.) =========================================================== Accessing the International Philosophical Preprint Exchange =========================================================== By gopher: "gopher apa.oxy.edu" or "gopher kasey.umkc.edu". By ftp: "ftp Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp", or "ftp mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu" By email: "mail phil-preprints-service@Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp". To place a paper or comment on the IPPE: see pub/submissions/README. If you have questions: send mail to . -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 18 Dec 93 12:54 GMT From: ECOLING@applelink.apple.com (Ecological Linguistics,Anderson,PRT) Subject: IPA fonts clarifications IPA Fonts Clarifications: In response to inquiries: 1. The catalog from Ecological Linguistics is free to any part of the world. It goes by snail mail, *not Fax*. Thanks for your understanding, but samples of quality typefaces do not survive Fax. 2. It contains a listing of a commercial serif-style IPA with bold, italic, and bold-italic which is very close to what will be in the LucidaSansIPA plainstyle fonts we will be supplying free (courtesy of Charles Bigelow), but does not actually illustrate the Lucida becuase of our care to abide by Mr. Bigelow's wishes about not mixing or bundling. The fonts, although called IPA, are actually more inclusive, IPA and also Americanist phonetic symbols, etc. 3. The LucidaSansIPA will be ready for shipment about New Year's. In response to my suggestions, Mr. Bigelow is kindly supplying a few extra forms which experience shows some folks wish to have readily available. Please pardon if snail mails delay this date slightly. 4. Mr. Bigelow has given his permission to charge $5 postage/handling, agreeing that of course this is no commercial gain. This will be the same whether sending to the USA or to other countries. 5. Other free fonts covered by the *same* $5 postage/handling charge if you request them at the same time are Cree and Cherokee, courtesy of Paul Kershaw and J. LoCicero, respectively. 6. For Windows computers we supply only TrueType, not Postscript, and only on 3.5" disks (unless you send your own 5.25" disk). Hope these clarifications are helpful. Sincerely, Lloyd Anderson, Ecological Linguistics -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 21:21:45 -0700 From: krahnke@lamar.ColoState.EDU (Karl Krahnke) Subject: Phonetic fonts - more Like Vicki Fromkin, I thought I would post generally regarding phonetic fonts. When I moved to Windows, I got Adobe's phonetic fonts, Stone Serif and Stone Sans Serif IPA. They are excellent and work well with Word for Windows. I have not tried them with other word processors but they should be OK. Only problem is that diacritics cannot be combined with primary symbols with Word. I think Wordperfect can do it (kerning is needed). You do need Adobe Type Manager also, but that can be picked up cheaply. These fonts have worked so well for me that I have not tried others and would be interested to know if others are better in some way. I do not have the ordering information with me just now but would be happy to provide it to anyone interested. krahnke@lamar.colostate.edu Karl Krahnke -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1079. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1080. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 101 Subject: 4.1080 The Nature Of Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 1 Dec 93 11:33:49 PST From: Richard Wojcik Subject: Re: 4.1013 Linguistics as Psychology 2) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1993 13:06:28 -0600 (CST) From: Angus Grieve-Smith Subject: Linguistics as physics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 1 Dec 93 11:33:49 PST From: Richard Wojcik Subject: Re: 4.1013 Linguistics as Psychology A response to Jack Rea's comment: > The discussion of Bloomfield versus cognitive psychology is wildly > anachronistic. M Haspelmeth has suggested, "The only anti-cognitive > anti psychological school was Bloomfield and the post-Bloomfieldians." > And R. Wojcik has added, "Altho the post-Bloomfieldians represented a > rather extreme anti-cognitive position...." Jack's point that Bloomfield's position was within the mainstream of psychological thinking was correct, but he misunderstood the intent of our remarks. From a historical perspective, the mainstream (at least in the US) was "anti-cognitive" in the sense that we were using the term. Bloomfield himself was somewhat "pro-cognitive" in the 20's, before he revised his famous textbook. I'm sorry for the confusing terminology, but I think that Jack understands the difference between the "psychological" phoneme (of Sapir, e.g.) and the view propounded by post-Bloomfieldians. If one tries hard enough, one can certainly use the term "psychological" to describe the post-Bloomfieldian phoneme, but we would still need to be able to talk about the different approaches to grammar taken by different generations of linguists. That difference in approach had a lot to do with whether grammatical description was a description of mental activity or some kind of abstract, formal (social?) model of a "system". My opinion is that Chomsky was very skillful at blending both approaches, which is why some now ask whether psychology subsumes linguistics. (A thought which I disagree with, BTW.) That certainly wasn't a question that would have triggered a lot soul-searching amongst the Bloomfieldians. ;-) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1993 13:06:28 -0600 (CST) From: Angus Grieve-Smith Subject: Linguistics as physics I realize it's been about two weeks since the last posting on this topic, but I've been dealing with exams and papers and such, and catching up on my LINGUIST, I feel like chipping in my $.02. First, it seems to be a slightly different issue whether linguistic models must be psychologically accurate. This is hinted at, but not entailed, by the idea that linguistics is a branch of psychology. You can have rough and inaccurate models of psychological behavior that are still useful. Conversely, you can have psychologically close-fitting models of linguistic behavior. (At least, I hope). I find it about as annoying to hear linguists say that linguistics is a branch of psychology since it deals with the mind as to hear anthropologists say that linguistics is a branch of anthropology since it deals with people. It seems like the logical conclusion to this kind of reasoning is that anthropology and psychology, and in fact all sciences, are actually branches of physics, since they all deal ultimately with the movement of matter and energy. I feel that this is not a very productive way of thinking of science. These linguists and anthropologists my protest that there is a closer relationship between linguistics and psychology or anthropology, but I have yet to see a convincing argument that either of these relationships are somehow closer than those linguistics has with AI, cognitive science, the various area studies, literary theory, biology, neurology, sociology or anything else. I guess I'd be hard pressed to make a case for linguistics being a subfield of geology or something, but my point is that linguistics is its own field, with its own methodologies and its own challenges. It has a close and productive relationship with a lot of other fields, but it is not in any meaningful sense a subfield. -Angus B. Grieve-Smith grvsmth@uchicago.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1080. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1081. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 158 Subject: 4.1081 Qs: Ph.D. Requirements, Focus Constructions, Georgian Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 93 12:27 EST From: "Dennis.Preston" <22709MGR@msu.edu> Subject: Ph.D. Requirements 2) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 1993 13:19:50 +0800 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: comparative focus constructions 3) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 1993 16:56:15 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Phractured Phrases 4) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 93 14:10:41 GMT From: Ivan A Derzhanski Subject: Georgian judgements? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 93 12:27 EST From: "Dennis.Preston" <22709MGR@msu.edu> Subject: Ph.D. Requirements We are in the process of revising our Ph.D. language and comprehensive examination requirements at Michigan State. Of course, we can consult catalogs to determine sister institution requirements, but I would very much like to hear of any recent changes at sister institutions which may not yet be in print or, more pertinently from this list, any comments or suggestions. I think this is not of enough general interest to summarize to the entire net, but I will be happy to save a downloading of any interesting discussion and send it to any who request it. Dennis Preston <22709mgr@msu.bitnet> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 1993 13:19:50 +0800 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: comparative focus constructions I'm interested in doing a survey of focus constructions amongst the world's languages. I don't know how many languages have been looked at sufficiently closely for the question to be properly asked. But i know of some languages (e.g. English) in which (unless one uses a cleft construction) a constituent getting at least contrastive focus is typically put as late in the clause as is grammatically possible: 1a. I gave a book to JOHN. b. I gave John A BOOK. 2a. We put the books ON THE TABLE. b. On the table we put THE BOOKS. I know of other languages (Hungarian, Sanskrit, and many other South Asian languages) in which the focussed constituent is typically put in a position immediately adjacent to the verb. In Hungarian, the focus position is as far as i know always before the verb, but i'm not convinced this is the case in all languages with 'adverbal' focus. Does anyone know of any other options? I'd like to know what there is in the literature on as many languages as possible. If adverbal vs. clause-final focus are the only options (apart from biclausal constructions like the English cleft), can any typological generalizations be reliably made about them? For instance, do all languages with typically adverbal focus favour head-final phrase structure? Do all languages with typically clause-final focus favour head-initial phrase structure? Any suggestions, especially of good published studies, and discussion welcome. If desired i'll post a summary. Thanks Steven ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele 217-344-8240 712 West Washington Ave. fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Urbana, IL 61801 *** O syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum! *** **** Nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis! **** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 1993 16:56:15 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Phractured Phrases When people say THAT'S ALL SHE WROTE, the intonation they use indicates that they mean "that's everything she wrote". Once in a while, however, someone will say it as if it were "THAT'S ALL", SHE WROTE. Dooes anybody know which of the two is the original? This is similar, it seems to me, to Leo Durocher's famous NICE GUYS FINISH LAST which he never said. What happened was that one day during spring training, he was sitting with a sports reporter watching the team they were going to face that day practicing before the game. The reporter asked him what he thought about that team's chances that year, and he said: "Nice guys. Finish last", i.e. they're nice guys but they'll finish last. Does anybody know of any other cases of this type? Marc Picard -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 93 14:10:41 GMT From: Ivan A Derzhanski Subject: Georgian judgements? Can anyone provide me with judgements on the following Georgian sentences? (1a) guSin vc'erdi c'erilebs. (1b) guSin vc'ere c'erilebi. (1c) guSin c'erilebis c'eraSi viqavi. (2a) guSin mteli saGamo vc'erdi c'erilebs. (2b) guSin mteli saGamo vc'ere c'erilebi. (2c) guSin mteli saGamo c'erilebis c'eraSi viqavi. (3a) guSin sami saati vc'erdi c'erilebs. (3b) guSin sami saati vc'ere c'erilebi. (3c) guSin sami saati c'erilebis c'eraSi viqavi. (4a) mteli c'eli vc'erdi c'erilebs. (4b) mteli c'eli vc'ere c'erilebi. (4c) mteli c'eli c'erilebis c'eraSi viqavi. (5a) erti saati vk'idodi surats. (5b) erti saati vk'ide surati. (5c) erti saati suratis k'idvaSi viqavi. (6a) dGes dilit Cais vsvamdi. (6b) dGes dilit Cai vlie. (6c) dGes dilit Cai davlie. didi madloba, --Ivan A Derzhanski -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1081. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1082. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 77 Subject: 4.1082 Qs: Transitivity, Problems and Mysteries Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 16:17 CST From: aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Transitivity 2) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 14:39 EST From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Query -- problems vs. mysteries -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 16:17 CST From: aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Transitivity In the early 1980's there was a great deal of activity on the topic of transitivity, stimulated largely by Hopper & Thompson's article in Language (Hopper, Paul J. and Sandra A Thompson. 1980. Transitivity in grammar and discourse. Lg. 56. 251-299) . Though there's still work being published in this area, most of the activity seems to have died away. This seems, therefore, like the appropriate time to ask what professional linguists think about this concept. I'd be very interested to hear your opinions on some of the following questions: 1. Is there a consensus on what transitivity is, what causes it, and what its nature is? If so, what dou you think it is? 2. Is transitivity a useful concept, and, if it is, in what ways? Is it a derived concept or a primitive? Could we subsume transitivity under something else? 3. How widely accepted today is the Hopper & Thompson formulation? What is accepted and what rejected? Do you believe other articles deal with the topic better? What are these articles? 4. How does aspect relate to transitivity? Referentiality? "Animacy," however we define this concept? If there's enough response to make it worthwhile, I'll summarize to the list. My thanks! Anthony -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 14:39 EST From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Query -- problems vs. mysteries I have a vague memory of being told that Chomsky somewhere made a distinction between problems (potentially solvable with human brain power) and mysteries (beyond our ken in some essential way). These may not have been his exact terms. Can anybody help me out with a reference? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1082. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1083. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 144 Subject: 4.1083 Sum: Yers Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 07:11 -0500 (EST) From: mike.maxwell@sil.org Subject: Russian yers (aka "jers") -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 07:11 -0500 (EST) From: mike.maxwell@sil.org Subject: Russian yers (aka "jers") Several weeks ago I posted a query concerning yers. Having now finished my Christmas shopping (well, most of it :-), here's a summary. I've considerably edited replies, since many were quite similar. Thanks for replies to Harry Bochner (bochner@das.harvard.edu), Ursula Doleschal (ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at), Steve Seegmiller (seegmiller@apollo.montclair.edu), Arkady Borkovsky (arkady@dnt.dialog.com), David Pesetsky (pesetsk@MIT.EDU), Rob Pensalfini (rjpensal@MIT.EDU), George Fowler (GFOWLER@ucs.indiana.edu), Irina Sekerina (sai@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu), ?? (gsavpi@ASUCLA.UCLA.EDU), Bill Idsardi (idsardi@chopin.udel.edu), and Morris Halle halle@mit.edu. THE ORIGINAL QUERY: In Phonologica 1988 (= Proc 6th Intl Phonology Mtg), Jonathan Kaye describes the behavior of yers (underlyingly high, probably lax vowels) in Russian as follows (pg. 149): (1) Yers are nonhigh...before a syllable whose head vowel is a yer. (2) Yers are deleted. ...What happens when three or more yers appear in sequence (in stems and/or suffixes, but not in prefixes, since the latter introduce complications that I won't go into here)? The replies fell into two categories: what happened diachronically, and what happened synchronically. DIACHRONICALLY: >Originally in sequences of yers deletion occurred in alternate >syllables; this is known among Slavicists as Havlik's Law. E.g. in >Old Church Slavonic mss "dnes" < "dInIsU". So the [synchronic] >pattern you refer to in stems & suffixes is historically the result >of paradigm levelling. The complications in cases with prefixes >reflect the earlier state of affairs, preserved relatively well in >conservative languages like Russian, but completely levelled in >Serbo-Croatian, for instance. (--Harry Bochner) >The common position taken on the falling of the yers is: >1) you count the syllables starting from # or $V >2) yers (both back and front) are deleted in odd and strengthened in > even syllables >Some examples taken from a standard historical survey of Russian >(you might have a look at any, this problem has been studied >extensively), I'll transcribe yers as ?: > kus?k?m? > kuskom (bite-Instr.Sg.) > zh?n?nc?>zhnec (harvester, zh is voiced sh) > d?n?c?>dnes' (daily adv.) >There are exceptions, but this is the general rule. References are >e.g. Valentin Kiparsky 1963. Russische historische Grammatik Band 1. >Heidelberg; Frantisek Mares 1969: Diachronische Phonologie des >Urund Fruhslawischen. Munich, but there must be things in English, >too. (--Ursula Doleschal) SYNCHRONICALLY: >It's my understanding that when we look at yers across suffix >boundaries, all but the last get realized as vowels: [NB: My original posting was mistaken in its description--MM] > dEn-Ek-U 'day (dim. nom.)' --> dene"k /denjok/ > dEn-Ek-a 'day (dim. gen.)' --> denka >also: > dEn-Ek-Ek-U 'day (2xdim. nom.)' --> dene"chek > dEn-Ek-Ek-a 'day (2xdim. gen.)' --> dene"chka >note: > dEn'-U 'day (nom.) --> den' > dEn'-a 'day (gen.) --> dn'a >Janis Melvold did an MIT dissertation on yers and their interaction >with the stress system in 1990, which you can get from MIT Working >Papers in Linguistics here (MITWPL). (--David Pesetsky) >In a sequence of more than two yers, generally all will be vocalized >before the last one, which will be deleted. This occurs mainly in >multiple diminutives, with two or more diminutive suffixes. For >example (in a kind of pre-vowel-reduction transliteration; yer is >#): > ogon' 'fire', Gen. sg. ogn'a, from og#n'-#, og#n'-a > ogon'ok 'little fire [dim.]', ogon'ka, from og#n'-#k-#, og#n'-#k-a > ogon'ochok, 'itsy-bitsy flame', ogon'ochka, from og#n'-#k-#k-#, > og#n'-#k-#k-a >A good place to read about this is in David Pesetsky's unpublished >100-page 1979 ms. "Russian morphology and lexical theory", which >does this stuff via cyclic rules and bracket erasure in lexical >phonology. So yer vocalization ("Lower", in his terminology) is >cyclic, and occurs at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cycles in the last word >above. Yer erasure is post-cyclic, and wipes out the >last one after the derivation is complete. This creates some >problems when a yer is vocalized between a prefix and root. For >example, > podzhog 'set fire to [masc. past]' but podozhgla 'ditto > [fem. past]' >These putatively come from pod#-zh#g-l# (with a rule that deletes > l in this environment after certain obstruents) and pod#-zh#g-la. >Here, it looks like the rule doesn't work as with diminutives, >since in the sequence of three yers in the masculine form the first >doesn't vocalize. In his 1985 LI paper "Morphology and Logical >form", Pesetsky argues for a bracketing paradox: the prefix is >added at the last cycle, AFTER the inflectional ending -l#. >This makes yer application occur inside-out even with prefixes. >(--George Fowler) gsavpi@ASUCLA.UCLA.EDU (sorry, I don't know his real name) mentioned that "...there are problems with positing underling jers in synchronic descriptions of Slavic languages. Ultimately it reduces to personal belief in whether it's less messy to assume them or to assume epenthetic vowels, and to what extent synchrony recapitulates diachrony. Underyling jers buy you a lot less in Russian phonology than they do in Ukr., Pol., Cz., and maybe others, because Russian doesn't have changes in vowel quality before jers, historical or underlying." Some other references: Anderson, Stephen. The Organization of Phonology, pp. 243ff. Stephen Wilson's 1991 Berkeley PhD thesis, "Patterns of Change in Prosodic Systems." and references cited there. (--Bill Idsardi); Jolanta Szpyra's article on yers in Language 1992 (--Morris Halle). Thanks to all! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1083. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1084. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 171 Subject: 4.1084 NLP, EFL, Artificial Intelligence (NLP) Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 15:48:37 +0100 From: Afzal Ballim Subject: Research Assistant sought, CS with experience in NLP 2) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 15:42:03 +0100 From: Subject: "EFL JOB AT UNIVERSITY IN KIEL, GERMANY 3) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 16:48:29 -0500 From: "James Pustejovsky" Subject: Position in Computer Science -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 15:48:37 +0100 From: Afzal Ballim Subject: Research Assistant sought, CS with experience in NLP Institut Dalle Molle pour les Etudes Semantiques et Cognitives (ISSCO) University of Geneva COMPUTER SCIENTIST POST Applications are invited for a post of Research Assistant, funded in the framework of the European programme for Linguistics Research and Engineering (LRE). The ideal applicant should have a degree in computer science, a good knowledge of English, be skilled in the C programming language, and should have a good familiarity of the Unix operating system and the X-Windows environment. Experience in artificial intelligence or natural language processing would be an advantage, as would experience of working in a group. The tasks involve work on preparation of large bodies of natural language texts (corpora), programming of tools for analysis of such corpora, programming of user-interfaces, and writing of periodic reports. This work involves active collaboration with researchers from other groups participating in the project. The position has a foreseen duration of two years and should start as soon as possible. The salary, which depends on experience and qualifications, will be according to the University of Geneva assistant scale. ISSCO was established in 1972 in Lugano (Switzerland) by the Fondazione Dalle Molle. Since 1976, ISSCO has been attached to the University of Geneva, and has links with the Department of Computer Science, the Faculty of Arts, and the School of Translation and Interpretation. Research at ISSCO has concentrated on various aspects of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. Machine translation and, more generally, multi-lingual tools are a special interest of the research team. Applications should be in writing and should include a CV and the names and addresses of two referees. Closing date for applications is the 21st of January 1994, and they should be sent to: (CS Post Application) ATTN: Dr. Afzal Ballim ISSCO, University of Geneva route des Acacias, 54 CH-1227 GENEVA Switzerland -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 15:42:03 +0100 From: Subject: "EFL JOB AT UNIVERSITY IN KIEL, GERMANY EFL Lektor position at university in Kiel, Germany The Department of English at the University of Kiel (Germany) is inviting applications for the position of "LEKTOR" for the term beginning March 1, 1994. The position entails a 12-hour teaching load per week as well as participation in related departmental activities. The courses to taught range from German-English Translation, Essay Writing, Remedial English to courses in culture and civilization. The Lektor is expected to hold a MA degree or equivalent, have TESL/TEFL teaching experience, and be a native speaker of North American English. A Lektor's contract runs a maximum of four years; the salary is paid over twelve months and varies according to age and family status (approximately between DM 3,500 and DM 5,000 a month before taxes). Applications and resumes should REACH the English Department no later than: January 20, 1994 Address: Englisches Seminar der Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Germany Tele: (0431) 880-2258 Fax: (0431) 880-1215 All application materials and/or questions should be addressed to the address or numbers above and NOT TO THIS E-MAIL ADDRESS. This is not the e-mail address of the English Department. The Department has no e-mail address at this time. Any mail sent to this e-mail address cannot be forwarded or replied to. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 16:48:29 -0500 From: "James Pustejovsky" Subject: Position in Computer Science Brandeis University Department of Computer Science Announcement of Faculty Position We are planning three new positions, one starting September 1994, one September 1995, and one September 1996. Major areas of current research are artificial intelligence (including computational linguistics, memory, activity, and cognitive science), parallel computing, logic programming, image processing / data compression, and theory. The department has just been awarded an NSF infrastructure grant for research in parallel computing. A new building is currently under construction (due to be completed in May, 1994) for the Brandeis Volen Center for Complex Systems, dedicated to the interdisciplinary study of complex systems, especially those relating to learning and intelligence. The Center will include the Computer Science Department and members of the biology, psychology, biochemistry, chemistry, and physics departments. Two positions may be at the junior tenure-track level and one may be at the entry associate level with tenure. Research areas being sought include systems, databases, artificial intelligence, connectionism, and computational biology. In addition to research accomplishments, teaching qualifications and the potential to interact with other members of the department and the Center will be important selection criteria. Brandeis University is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer; women and minorities are encouraged to apply. Applications are now being sought for a position starting September, 1994. Those who are not chosen may be considered for positions in 1995 and 1996. Please send a vita and three letters of reference by February 15, 1994, to: Prof. James Pustejovsky, Search Committee Chair Computer Science Department Brandeis University Waltham, MA 02254 phone: 617-736-2709 email: jamesp@cs.brandeis.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1084. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1085. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 51 Subject: 4.1085 Obituary: Blazhe Koneski Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1993 13:36:14 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: Blazhe Koneski -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1993 13:36:14 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: Blazhe Koneski Readers of LINGUIST may well be interested in the following report. Blazhe Koneski was a leading linguist and poet in Skopje, Macedonia. Born in 1921, he as a very young man did the major work on standardizing the Macedonian (Slavic) language when that became possible in late World War II Yugoslavia (1944). Since then the language has thrived, despite some of its neighbors officially not recognizing it, and is the main language of the newly indepent Republic of Macedonia. Wayles Browne, ewb2@cornell.edu From: vfriedm@midway.uchicago.edu Dear Colleagues, I just received news that Blazhe Koneski passed away on 7 December. The funeral and memorial service in Skopje will be on 9 December. Zuzana Topolinska (her e-mail address is flfskt%nubsk@uni-lj.si) asked me to pass the news on to the North American Slavistic community. I am sending this to most colleagues for whom I have e-mail addresses. If any of you are on Slavic or linguistic bulletin boards &/or have an e-mail address for SEEJ &/or Language, please post this news. Sincerely, Victor Victor A. Friedman work address: Slavic Dept., U. of Chicago, 1130 East 59th St., Chicago,IL 60637 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1085. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1086. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 176 Subject: 4.1086 Call: Integration of Speech and Language Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 93 17:51:42 GMT From: Paul Mc Kevitt Subject: INTEGRATION OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE AAAI-94 WORKSHOP -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 19 Dec 93 17:51:42 GMT From: Paul Mc Kevitt Subject: INTEGRATION OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE AAAI-94 WORKSHOP Advance Announcement CALL FOR PAPERS AND PARTICIPATION AAAI-94 Workshop on the Integration of Natural Language and Speech Processing Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94) Seattle, Washington, USA 2 days during July 31st-August 4th 1994 Chair: Paul Mc Kevitt Department of Computer Science University of Sheffield WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION There has been a recent move towards considering the integration of perception sources in Artificial Intelligence (AI) (see Dennett 1991 and Mc Kevitt (Ed.) 1994). This workshop will focus on research involved in the integration of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Speech Processing (SP). The aim here is to bring to the AI community results being presented at computational linguistics (e.g. COLING/ACL), and speech conferences (e.g. ICASSP, ICSLP). Although there has been much progress in developing theories, models and systems in the areas of NLP and SP we have just started to see progress on integrating these two subareas of AI. Most success has been with speech synthesis and less with speech understanding. However, there are still a number of important questions to answer about the integration of speech and language processing. How is intentional information best gleaned from speech input? How does one cope with situations where there are multiple speakers in a dialogue with multiple intentions? What corpora (e.g. DARPA ATIS corpora, MAP-TASK corpus from Edinburgh) exist for integrated data on speech and language? How does discourse understanding occur in multi-speaker situations with noise? How does prosodic information help NLP systems? The workshop is of particular interest at this time because research in NLP and SP have advanced to the stage that they can each benefit from integrated approaches. Also, such integration is important as people in NLP and SP can gain insight from each others' work. References Dennett, Daniel (1991) Consciousness explained Harmondsworth: Penguin Mc Kevitt, Paul (1994) (Guest Editor) Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing Special Volume (Issues 1,2,3) of AI Review Journal Dordrecht: Kluwer (forthcoming) WORKSHOP TOPICS: The workshop will focus on three themes: * Theoretical issues on integrated NLP and SP * Systems exhibiting integrated NLP and SP * Intelligent multimedia involving NLP and SP The following issues will be focussed upon during the workshop: * Common representations for NLP and SP * How does NLP help SP and vice-versa? * What does integration buy us? * Symbolic versus connectionist models * Varieties of communication between NLP and SP processors * Designs for integrating NLP + SP * Tools for integrating NLP + SP * Corpora for integrated NLP + SP * Testing of integrating NLP + SP systems * Possible applications of integration WORKSHOP FORMAT: Our intention is to have as much discussion as possible during the workshop and to stress panel sessions and discussion as well as having formal paper presentations. We will also organize a number of presentations on Site Descriptions of ongoing work on NLP + SP. There may be a number of invited speakers. Day 1: Theory and modelling for integrated NLP and SP. Day 2: Systems for integrated NLP/SP, and intelligent multimedia. ATTENDANCE: We hope to have an attendance between 25-50 people at the workshop. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS: Papers of not more than 8 pages should be submitted by electronic mail to Paul Mc Kevitt at p.mckevitt@dcs.shef.ac.uk. Preferred format is two columns with 3/4 " margins all round. Papers must be printed to 8 1/2" x 11" size. Double sided printing is encouraged. If you cannot submit your paper by e-mail please submit three copies by snail mail. *******Submission Deadline: March 18th 1994 *******Notification Date: April 8th 1994 *******Camera ready Copy: April 29th 1994 PUBLICATION: Workshop notes/preprints will be published by AAAI. If there is sufficient interest we will publish a book on the workshop with AAAI Press. WORKSHOP CHAIR: Paul Mc Kevitt Department of Computer Science Regent Court University of Sheffield 211 Portobello Street GB- S1 4DP, Sheffield England, UK, EC. e-mail: p.mckevitt@dcs.shef.ac.uk fax: +44 742 780972 phone: +44 742 825572 (office) 825590 (secretary) WORKSHOP COMMITTEE: Prof. Ole Bernsen (Roskilde, Denmark) Dr. Martin Cooke (Sheffield, England) Prof. Noel Sharkey (Sheffield, England) Dr. Eiichiro Sumita (ATR, Japan) Prof. Dr. Walther V.Hahn (Hamburg, Germany) Prof. Yorick Wilks (Sheffield, England) Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wahlster (DFKI, Germany) Dr. Sheryl R. Young (CMU, USA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1086. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1087. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 165 Subject: 4.1087 Summer Seminar: Electronic Texts in the Humanities Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 15:49:35 -0500 (EST) From: Susan Hockey Subject: CETH 1994 Summer Seminar -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 15:49:35 -0500 (EST) From: Susan Hockey Subject: CETH 1994 Summer Seminar CENTER FOR ELECTRONIC TEXTS IN THE HUMANITIES Electronic Texts in the Humanities: Methods and Tools The Third Annual Summer Seminar at Princeton University, New Jersey June 19 - July 1, 1994 organized by The Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities, Princeton and Rutgers with the co-sponsorship of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities, University of Toronto The Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities (CETH) is again offering an intensive two-week seminar in June 1994. The seminar will address a wide range of challenges and opportunities that electronic texts and software offer to teachers, scholars and librarians in the humanities. Discussions on the capture, markup, retrieval, presentation, transformation, and analysis of electronic text will prepare students for extensive hands-on experience with illustrative software, e.g., TACT, Micro-OCP, Dynatext, SGML tools, and hypertext. Several large textual collections will be demonstrated so that participants may make informed evaluations of their significance in the light of current and future technologies. Approaches to markup, from ad hoc schemes to the systematic design of the Text Encoding Initiative, will be surveyed and considered. The focus of the Seminar will be practical and methodological, with the immediate aim of assisting participants in their own teaching, research, and advising. It will be concerned with the demonstrable benefits of using electronic texts, with typical problems and how to solve them, and with the ways in which software fits or can be adapted to common methods of textual study. Ample computing facilities will be available 24 hours per day. Participants will be expected to work on coherent projects, preferably of their own devising, and will be given the opportunity to present them at the end of the seminar. The Seminar is intended for faculty, students, librarians, technical advisers, and academic administrators with direct responsibilities for humanities computing support. It assumes basic computing experience but not necessarily with its application to academic research and teaching. The number of participants will be limited to 30. The seminar will be taught by Susan Hockey, Director of CETH, and Willard McCarty, Assistant Director of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities, University of Toronto, with assistance from: Elli Mylonas (Harvard) and David Durand (Boston University) for hypertext, Peter Robinson (Oxford University) for scholarly editions, and C.M. Sperberg-McQueen (University of Illinois at Chicago) for SGML and TEI. Provisional Schedule Sun, June 19. Registration, reception and introductions Mon, June 20. The electronic text: introduction and history; existing inventories, archives, and other current resources. History of computer-assisted text analysis in the humanities. Simple concordancing with MTAS. Text entry: keyboard vs. optical scanning. Introduction to text encoding, surveying ad hoc methods. Tue, June 21. Concordancing: computer-assisted concordance generation; types of concordances, their specific advantages and disadvantages. Alphabetization, character sequences, sorting, and forms of presentation. Introduction to Micro-OCP; practical session in its use. Wed, June 22. The interactive concordance: indexed, interactive retrieval vs. batch concordance generation. Preparation of text for indexed retrieval. Introduction to TACT. Thu, June 23. Stylistic comparisons and authorship studies using concordance tools. Case studies. Overview of corpus linguistics. Introduction to the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). Fri, June 24. The TEI Header: documentation for electronic texts. Overview of the TEI DTDs. Overview of available software. Creating TEI texts; validation; processing SGML texts. Mon, June 27. Tools for preparing scholarly editions. Introduction to Collate and cladistics software. Electronic publication. Discussion of methods and implications. Role of Dynatext. Introduction to digitization of images. Tue, June 28. Electronic dictionaries. The New OED and other online dictionaries. Uses of lexical knowledge bases in text retrieval. Building a simple online lexicon with TACT. Wed, June 29. Hypertext and hypermedia and their development for the humanities. Comparative discussion of software. Demonstration and discussion of Perseus and other hypertexts such as In Memoriam. Thu, June 30. Evaluation. Discussion on limitations of existing software. Overview of advanced analytical tools not commonly available; role of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. Fri, July 1. Presentation of participants' projects. Concluding discussion of basic questions. Fees The cost of participating in this Summer Seminar will be $995, including tuition, use of computer facilities, and lunch at Princeton for the two weeks, and banquet and reception. Students pay a reduced rate of $845. Student accommodation is available at a cost of approximately $25 per night. CETH will also assist successful applicants in finding hotel accommodations. There will be 24-hour access to networked microcomputers in the student accommodation throughout the seminar. Application Procedure To apply for participation in this Summer Seminar, submit a one-page statement of interest. The statement should indicate (1) how participation in the Seminar would be relevant for your teaching, research, advising or administrative work, and possibly that of your colleagues; (2) what project you would like to undertake during the Seminar, or what area of the humanities you would most like to explore; and (3) the extent of your computing experience. Applications must be attached to a cover sheet specifying your name, current institutional affiliation and position, postal and e-mail addresses, and phone and fax numbers, as available, as well as natural language interest and computing experience. Currently enrolled students must also include a photocopy of a valid student ID. E-mail submissions should have a subject line `Summer Seminar Application'. The statement must be received by the reviewing committee, consisting of members of the Center's Governing Board, by FEBRUARY 9, 1994, at the address below. Those who have been selected to attend will be notified by March 9, 1994. Payment will be requested at this time. Summer Seminar 1994 Center for Electronic phone: (908) 932-1384 Texts in the Humanities fax: (908) 932-1386 169 College Avenue bitnet: ceth@zodiac New Brunswick, NJ 08903 internet: ceth@zodiac.rutgers.edu U.S.A. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1087. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1088. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 71 Subject: 4.1088 Sum: German grammaticality Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed Dec 15 10:18:58 CST 1993 From: mbalhorn (Mark Balhorn Englishh) Subject: results of German grammaticality -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed Dec 15 10:18:58 CST 1993 From: mbalhorn (Mark Balhorn Englishh) Subject: results of German grammaticality First of all, let me give 'vielen Dank' to the 42 native speakers of German who answered my plea for grammaticality judgements. In addition, since some of you requested the results, as did some non-native speakers of German, I've included them here. What I did was tally the first 30 responses. The asterisk (*) was worth 2 points and the question mark (?) was worth 1. Hence, those sentences with tallies nearing 60 are the most ill-formed, those around 30 are odd, and those near 0 are well-formed. Lots of discussion was engendered by the sentences in (2). It seems that with other PPs and NPs 'geben' would be okay. 'In Kuhlschrank gibt es einen Apfelkuchen.' was one and another was something like 'In Berlin gibt es viele Leute . . . ' Sentence (3c) also got a lot of comments since the pragmatic circumstances that might lead to its use are hard to imagine. This construction places contrastive stress on the location and implies that the NP changes. Someone suggested a sentence like this: 'Auf dem TISCH, ist es ein Buch, aber auf dem BODEN, ist es ein 'doorstop''. (Turhalt??? -can't find 'doorstop' in my dictionary.) 1. a. Auf dem Tisch liegt ein Buch. b. Es liegt ein Buch auf dem Tisch. c. Ein Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. 2. a. Auf dem Tisch gibt ein Buch. 55 b. Auf dem Tisch es gibt ein Buch. 57 c. Auf dem Tisch gibt es ein Buch. 17 d. Ein Buch gibt auf dem Tisch. 58 e. Es gibt ein Buch auf dem Tisch. 17 3. a. Auf dem Tisch ist ein Buch. 2 b. Auf dem Tisch es ist ein Buch. 52 c. Auf dem Tisch ist es ein Buch. 34 d. Ein Buch ist auf dem Tisch. 2 e. Es ist ein Buch auf dem Tisch. 4 Thanks again. Mark Balhorn mbalhorn@uwspmail.uwsp.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1088. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1089. Tue 21 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 154 Subject: 4.1089 LINGUIST Development Fund Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 2 Sep 93 11:58:49 -0400 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: LINGUIST Development Fund -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 2 Sep 93 11:58:49 -0400 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: LINGUIST Development Fund The LINGUIST Development Fund have reached $5354.00, thanks to the generosity of the people and organizations listed below. Thanks to these contributions, we intend to offer twoe to "LINGUIST fellowships" for 1994-5, one at Eastern Michigan U. and one at Texas A&M, with full (EMU) or partial (Texas A&M) tuition waivers. So if any of you know of a capable student who might want to study linguistics at either university while working 10 hours a week on LINGUIST, please tell us about him/her. The student will get something close to full financial support, as well as networking and listserv experience and the opportunity to interact via e-mail with a variety of professional linguists. The universities, in return for their tuition waivers, will get a good grad student they might not otherwise have recruited. And LINGUIST subscribers will get the continuation of LINGUIST, as well as the additional support provided by more hands on the keys. So we think--hope--that the fund will benefit all of us; and, once again, we want to extend sincere thanks to everyone who has contributed. --Helen & Anthony ____________________________________________________________ The LINGUIST Development Fund Contributions are tax deductible and may be sent to: The EMU LINGUIST Development Fund c/o Dept. of English Language and Lit Eastern Michigan U. Ypsilanti, MI 48197 A written receipt will be sent you upon request. _____________________________________________________________ Supporters (under $50) Anonymous Barbara Abbott Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Mark Aronoff Maher M. Awad Mark Balhorn Robert Beard Nancy Belmore Elabbas Benmamoun Deborah Berkley Garland Bills Donna Halperin Biasca Wayles Browne Joseph Brown Rosemary Buck Alan Cienki Linda K. Coleman Bernard Comrie Donna Cromer E. Dean Detrich Stanley Dubinsky Julia Falk Susan Fischer Michael Flynn Lawrence Foley Donald Frantz John Gilbert Frank Gladney W. T. Gordon Mark Hansell James Harris Kathryn Harris George & Mary Huttar Frances Ingemann Yoshiko Ito Jeff Kaplan Judith Klavans Laura Labonte-Smith William Labov Peter Ladefoged Elsa Lattey Daniel Le Flem J. P. Levinson John Limber Ernest McCarus Tim Montler Pam Munro & Allen Munro Geoff Nathan Mary Niepokuj Barbara Partee Susan Pintzuk Gary Prideaux Mario Saltarelli Makoto Shimizu Marian & Lloyd Shapley Nicholas Sobin Stephen Straight Shigeru Tsuchida Samuel Wang Rebecca Wheeler Ronnie B. Wilbur Wendy Wilkins Maggie Winter Elji Yamada Supporters' ($50 - $100) Anonymous William Dowling Alan C. Harris Karen Jensen Donna Peterson (w/ matching funds from MICROSOFT CORP.) Joe Salmons & Monica Macaulay Wlodek Zadrozny OHIO STATE U. LINGUISTICS DEPT. Supporters" ($100 or over) Vicki Fromkin Kazuto Matsumura Chilin Shih Richard Sproat Arnold Zwicky INCONTEXT CORPORATION (via Laura Labonte-Smith) JOHN BENJAMINS KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA MIT PRESS MOUTON de GRUYTER SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1089. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1090. Thu 23 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 119 Subject: 4.1090 Qs: Chinook Jargon, Pluralization, Arigato, Semantic Change Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1993 17:33:27 -0800 (PST) From: Margaret Anderson Subject: Chinook Jargon 2) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 15:24:52 -0600 From: "Bruce Downing" Subject: English pluralization; Amer. & Brit. spellings 3) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 17:16:15 EST From: mark Subject: Arigato < obrigado ? 4) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1993 08:47:00 +1030 From: mcconvell_p@uncl04.ntu.edu.au Subject: Query: polysemy/semantic change -meat/fish -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1993 17:33:27 -0800 (PST) From: Margaret Anderson Subject: Chinook Jargon I would appreciate it if you would post a query on the list asking if anyone knows how the following phrase might be expressed in Chinook Jargon. "Shaping a Northern Destingy" Replies may be sent directly to the following mailbox. Thanks, Anderson@unbc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 15:24:52 -0600 From: "Bruce Downing" Subject: English pluralization; Amer. & Brit. spellings I am passing on two inquiries on behalf of Paul Fraser, who works for a Minneapolis company called Teltech and who does not currently have e-mail access. Replies should be sent directly to me so I can forward them to Paul. > I am interested in resources on English language pluralization rules and > exceptions. I already have resources on basic English pluralization. > I am looking for an _exhaustive_ treatment of pluralization suffixes. > Examples: -ch, -sh, -x, and -ss require -es; -ium requires -ia; -lf > requiresVes; -sis requires -ses; -ex may require -ices; -y may require > -ies, etc. > I am also interested in resources that exhaustively document spelling or > word variants between American English and British English. The resource > should address suffix and stem changes, such as -er to -re (fiber, fibre), > -or to -our (color, colour), -zation to -sation (organization, organisation), > a to ae (hematology, haematology), aging to ageing, etc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 17:16:15 EST From: mark Subject: Arigato < obrigado ? I recall reading that the Japanese word "arigato" 'thank you' was borrowed from the Portuguese "obrigado" soon after the first Western contact. Is there any truth (or at least respectability) to this derivation, or is it just another folk etymology? Mark A. Mandel Dragon Systems, Inc. : speech recognition : +1 617 965-5200 320 Nevada St. : Newton, Mass. 02160, USA : mark@dragonsys.com P.S.: This document was dictated with DragonDictate v2.0. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1993 08:47:00 +1030 From: mcconvell_p@uncl04.ntu.edu.au Subject: Query: polysemy/semantic change -meat/fish In Australia it appears words meaning fish have changed to mean meat, and more rarely in the opposite direction; polysemy between generic fish or a common fish species and meat/animal is also known in a couple of languages. I am looking for parallel or related examples elsewhere in the world, and possible explanations in terms of local human ecology. For instance I have seen a passing reference to a group in the Pacific North West of North America where "salmon" is polysemous with "food" in general, which strikes me could be related to the local diet. Patrick McConvell Anthropology Northern Territory University PO Box 40146 Casuarina NT 0811 Australia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1090. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1091. Thu 23 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 130 Subject: 4.1091 Participle, Jakobson, Ritual Insults Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 08:52:12 -0500 (EST) From: 00hfstahlke@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 4.1070 Qs: Matthews, Participle, Candlin & Anderson, 2) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 22:41:54 EST From: Henry Kucera Subject: Re: 4.1053 Sum: Jakobson quotation 3) Date: Sat, 4 Dec 1993 7:40:28 UTC+0100 From: Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Subject: Ritual insults -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 08:52:12 -0500 (EST) From: 00hfstahlke@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 4.1070 Qs: Matthews, Participle, Candlin & Anderson, Alexis posted a query last week that really threw me: > >Does anyone know specifically when the participle was demoted >from its traditional role as one of the parts of speech? > Never having heard of the participle as a part of speech, I looked in the references I have at hand in my office, and my ignorance was confirmed. Jespersen and Curme, for English, and a variety of nineteenth and early twentieth century sources for Greek and Latin make no reference to the participle as a part of speech. This casual search even gave me a chance to reread A.H. Sayce's fascinating entry "Grammar" in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Ed.: still good reading although no reference there either to the participle as a part of speech. Okay, Alexis, I've bitten. Where are you coming from? Herb ======================================================================== Herbert F. W. Stahlke, Ph.D., Associate Director (317) 285-1843 Consulting and Planning Services (317) 285-1797 (fax) University Computing Services 00hfstahlke@bsuvc.bsu.edu Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306 hstahlke@bsu.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 22:41:54 EST From: Henry Kucera Subject: Re: 4.1053 Sum: Jakobson quotation It's probably a good thing that good old Roman can't read LINGUIST. He really disliked it when people mispelled his name (Jacobson, about six times in one posting). BTW, I think that I said something about the Latin phrase in my Jakobson obituary in Language but I am away from the office so I can't check it (and the synapses do not work as well as they used to). Happy holidays to all, Henry Kucera -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sat, 4 Dec 1993 7:40:28 UTC+0100 From: Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Subject: Ritual insults In reference to the ongoing discussion on ritual insults, it seems to me that any culture where irony and other tropes can channel positive politeness is a good candidate for the use of insults as solidarity strategies. However, we should distinguish between such structures as two-part, insult-rebuttal exchanges (mentioned by Terese Thonus and Mireia Trenchs, and common in Mediterranean cultures), from structurally-bound, longer ritualized exchanges where the goal is to assert one's verbal mastery rather than to achieve a momentary hegemonic position within a larger activity. In Galiza (NW of the Iberian Peninsula) one form of traditional verbal dueling is the "regueifa", which takes place at the end of wedding banquets. The duel takes its name from a type of traditional wedding bread loaf or cake called "regueifa." The activity begins when anyone issues a collective challenge, or bet, in a formulaic, metaphoric format such as "The regueifa is on the table / Who dares to come and take it?" ("A regueifa esta na mesa / Quem quere vir a colhe-la?"). Then, two contestants (usually men, but not necessarily) spontaneously take the floor to sing alternately hilarious quatrains (for some of you, 4-line stanzas with -a-a assonant rhyme) where they praise the excellences of each other's (expectedly) mothers, questionable sexual potency or inexpert tongues. Like dung-throwing contests in (I've been told) the south of the United States, the one who throws his/her verbal dung the farthest will be the winner. The final purpose is to effectively *silence* the adversary, that is, to exile him or her from the very territory of discourse that has been all throughout cooperatively policed by the audience with affiliative and disaffiliative moves. The looser rarely concedes explicitly, but stops replying, and retreats to the seat laughing, while the winner takes the regueifa or bread loaf as a trophy. Turns (strictly observed) are used either to (a) attack the adversary, (b) defend oneself, or, like in a relay race, (c) invite another member of the audience from one's team (family or friends) to take the floor in one's place. When in trouble, the contestant obviously tries to get support from a team member who is known as a "good regueifeiro/a." But if this invitation fails as no one deems it worth to try to save a hard battle, the regueifa is also lost. Well, at least this is the way it *used* to be. History tends to run against fun. The irony is, now that we enjoy the necessary technology to indeed record and study this stuff thoroughly, the regueifa is very seldom practiced in traditional weddings in Galiza. Now, I imagine, they sing karaoke. Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Linguistica Geral e Teoria da Literatura Universidade da Corunha, Galiza (Spain) lxalvarz@udc.es -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1091. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1092. Thu 23 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 195 Subject: 4.1092 Summary: Algonquian Inverse Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1993 09:27:46 +1030 From: mcconvell_p@uncl04.ntu.edu.au Subject: Summary: Algonquian inverse -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1993 09:27:46 +1030 From: mcconvell_p@uncl04.ntu.edu.au Subject: Summary: Algonquian inverse I posted a query about Algonquian inverse some time ago. I was mainly interested in the feature, which appeared to me unusual, that the person hierarchy in Algonquian is 2>1>3 i.e. an inverse form is used when *first* or third person acts on second. My interest mainly stemmed from the fact that in Jarragan languages of the East Kimberley in Australia the verb forms with second person objects show something like "inversion" - the second person patients occupying what are normally subject slots in the morphology, and in some cases at least, the agents occupying what are normally indirect object enclitic slots. The query was, I understand, picked up and circulated on the SSIILA network as well as on LINGUIST. Respondents included: Andrew Barss, Jim Black, Amy Dahlstrom, Timothy Dunnigan, Talmy Givon, Ives Goddard, John Hewson, Dave Kathman, John Lawler, Wayne Leman, Alec Marantz, Rich Rhodes, Donna Starks and Gabor Zolyomi. People referred me to some classics like Hockett (1966); most seemed to home in on three dissertations for sources of solid information on particular languages, with some comparative treatment: Goddard (1969/1979); Rhodes (1976); and Dahlstrom (1985/1991). Goddard and Dahstrom are published and Rhodes may be available from University Microfilms; Rhodes reports he is working on a book updating that work. Most respondents thought there was no survey of variation of exactly the kind I was looking for, although perhaps Rhodes (1987) is something approaching that. I have not seen any of that material yet. A few also pointed me to Mimi Klaiman's recent book (1991), which I do have, which has extensive discussion of Algonquian and other American inverse systems. One thing I wanted to know was about the variation between Algonquian languages in the operation of the inverse, particularly variation in the person hierarchy. I cited a paper by Bernard Comrie (1980) which explored such variation in the inverse in some Siberian languages. It turns out that there is not much variation at all in the person hierarchy in Algonquian languages, certainly not in the 2>1>3 part; I get the impression there may be some in the 3/3 combinations - the operation of obviation, but I have no details. A couple of recent writers (Hewson 1991:864; Klaiman 1992:236) refer to the fact that the Algonquian verbal system is "almost without exception" governed by a 2>1>3 hierarchy; no information is given about the apparently rare exceptions. Inversion in Algonquian is quite stable and its specific forms are old: the inverse suffix *ekw is reconstructable to proto-Algonquian, according to Bloomfield (1946) and Goddard (e.g. 1975, 1979) has added considerably more detail to the picture of earlier stages of Algonquian morphology. In the few languages I have looked at, however, reflexes of this inverse marker seem to appear only with third person subject forms; in "you and me" forms (1 acting on 2) other markers appear (e.g. Cree -ti- ; Ojibwa, Potawotami - Vn-) whose origins are obscure to me in my present state of knowledge. I gather the 2>1>3 hierarchy may also be reconstructable to Proto- Algonquian but again I don't have a specific reference on that. Goddard points out that this person hierarchy only applies to one "order" of one class of the verb - the independent order. In other parts of the paradigm many things are very different - including the pronominal affixes themselves and the type of person hierarchy involved. Dahlstrom also notes that 2>1>3 really only applies to the prefixes and the suffixes follow a 1pl>2pl>singular hierarchy. The possibility of more than one person hierarchy existing in a language, and even competing, is an important idea. Thinking more variation and clues to historical sources of the hierarchy and inversion might be found in genetically more distant languages, I investigated Wiyot and Yurok of Macro-Algonquian (Algic, Algonquian-Ritwan; Goddard 1975 and references therein). These languages clearly have a quite parallel verbal system to Algonquian and cognate prefixes. Wiyot has a 2>1>3 hierarchy in the prefixes but an inverse marker is not mentioned by Goddard, nor is a 2>1>3 hierarchy in Yurok - Goddard (1975) says that the complicated pattern in Yurok "probably developed" from 2>1>3. Macauley (1992:199) on the basis of Robins' work suggests Yurok has a 1>2>3 hierarchy with a "passive" - which may be an inverse - taking over when it is violated. Macauley's (1992) article on Karuk (a Hokan language of N.California) is interesting in that it also shows a 2>1>3 hierarchy of inversion. Macauley doesn't analyse it like that: she says there is a 2pl>1>2sg>3 hierarchy, but the fact is that in most verb paradigms the hierarchy is 2>1>3 and it is only in the negative that number complications arise: I would analyse the situation as two interacting hierarchies. The expansion of inverse forms in negative paradigms is I think known in Algonquian (ref?) and parallels expansion of obligatory pronoun-hierarchy determined antipassive in some Australian languages in negative/irrealis forms (McConvell 1976). Even the inverse suffix form in Karuk -ap looks suspiciously as if it could be related to Algonquian *ekw - early contact with Macro-Algonquian languages seems likely. The significance of this "deviation" from expected (?universal) 1>2>3 to 2>1>3 has been commented on by at least one writer - Hewson (1991:864) who suggests it could be ascribed to a cultural feature of deference, with a possible basis in spiritual ideas. I understand that Jeffrey Heath might have talked about deference explanations for odd (possibly inverse) realisations of pronoun combinations involving 2nd person in Australian languages in a recent paper, but I have no details and for reasons of space it is probably best not to get into Australian material here. I also asked for suggestions about analyses of inverse constructions. This turns out to be a fertile field, to which I cannot do justice in this summary. Rhodes (1976) analyses the Ojibwa inverse as a passive; Dahlstrom (1985) sees the similar Cree construction as a form of active; I have been referred to a recent paper by Wolvengrey (1993) which says it is (somehow) both. It seems (and this may be a gross over-generalisation) that those of more functionalist persuasion (Klaiman 1991, 1992; Givon to appear) tend to interpret inverse as a form of voice alternation, whereas more formalist types see it as mainly a morphological phenomenon not necessarily reflecting syntactic alternations. Within the "formalist" camp, though, there are disputes: Anderson (1992) rejects a passive analysis of the Potawotami inverse, whereas Halle and Marantz (1993, also referring to Noyer 1992) while apparently taking a similar line on a voice-changing analysis, in turn reject Anderson's "affix-free" approach to inversion in favour of one which takes syntactic terminal nodes underlying morphological elements as input to rules. New examples of "inverse" constructions seem to be popping up all over the place these days. This is partly (but not wholly) due to a widening definition of "inverse". Klaiman concedes that some of the examples of "inverse" in her book (1991) are controversial; but she does not go anything like as far as Givon, who opts for a functional definition which includes within "inverse" many constructions involving only word order change, and even suggests the English passive may be an "inverse". Klaiman sees "inverse languages" as a rather fuzzy category but draws the line to exclude derived intransitives like passives from the "inverse" category (1992:242). Givon focuses on "pragmatic inversion" - involving topic prominence like the proximate/obviative distinction. Obligatory person hierarchies like Algonquian 2>1>3 are termed "semantic inversion". "Semantic inversion" is hypothesised to arise always from earlier "pragmatic inversion" : in the light of the ancient character of the Algonquian 2>1>3 hierarchy, it may be hard to muster evidence for or against this hypothesis from this family. References: Anderson, Stephen (1992) A-Morphous Morphology. Cambridge UP. Bloomfield, Leonard (1946) Algonquian. In Linguistic Structures of Native America. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology. 6: 85-129. Comrie, Bernard (1980) Inverse verb forms in Siberia: Evidence from Chukchee, Koryak and Kamchadal. Folia Linguistica Historica. 1;61-74. Dahlstrom, Amy (1985) Plains Cree Morphosyntax. Berkeley Ph.D. published 1991 by Garland (?). Givon, Talmy (to appear) The Functional Basis of Grammatical Typology; De- transitive Voice and Inversion. In Typological Studies in Language #28. Amsterdam: Benjamin. Goddard, Ives (1969) Delaware Verbal Morphology. Harvard Ph.D. published 1979 by Garland. Goddard, Ives (1975) Algonquian, Wiyot and Yurok: Proving a distant genetic relationship. in M.D.Kinkade, K.Hale and O.Werner eds. Linguistics and Anthropology in Honor of C.F.Voegelin. Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press:249- 262. Goddard, Ives (1979) Comparative Algonquian. In The Languages of Native America. Halle, Morris and Alec Marantz (1993) Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection. In: The View from Building 20: Linguistic Essays in Honor of Sylvain Bromberger. MIT Press. Hewson, John (1991) Person hierarchies in Algonkian and Inuktitut. Linguistics 29: 861-875. Hockett, Charles (1966) What Algonquian is really like. IJAL. 32:59-73. Klaiman, Mimi. (1991) Grammatical Voice. Cambridge UP. Klaiman, Mimi (1992) Inverse languages. Lingua 88: 227-261. Macaulay, Monica (1992) Inverse marking in Karuk: the function of the suffix -ap. IJAL 58.2:182-201. McConvell, Patrick (1976) Nominal Hierarchies in Yukulta. In R.M.W. Dixon ed. Grammatical Categories in Australian Languages. Canberra:AIAS: 191- 200. Noyer, Rolf (1992) Ph.D. Dissertation. MIT. Rhodes, R. (1976) The morphosyntax of the Central Ojibwa Verb. U. Michigan Ph.D. Rhodes, R. (1987) Inversive Person Marking. Paper presented at the Conference on Native American languages and Grammatical Typology, U. Chicago. Wolvengrey, Arok (1993) Why the Plains Cree Inverse Appears Both Active and Passive (and why it is). Paper to ?conference. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1092. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1093. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 121 Subject: 4.1093 Qs: Participle, Mandarin, Cyrillic font, Index for book Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 25 Dec 93 16:52:09 -0500 From: Alexis Manaster-Ramer Subject: Re: 4.1091 Participle, Jakobson, Ritual Insults 2) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 16:09:47 EST From: mark Subject: Mandarin software 3) Date: Fri, 24 Dec 93 12:27:40 EST From: gouzevgv@sun.mcs.clarkson.edu (Gregory V. Gouzev) Subject: Cyrillic fonts 4) Date: Sat, 25 Dec 1993 18:24:22 -0500 From: Judith Klavans Subject: ways to make an index for a book -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 25 Dec 93 16:52:09 -0500 From: Alexis Manaster-Ramer Subject: Re: 4.1091 Participle, Jakobson, Ritual Insults Herb Stahle professes puzzlement about my query concerning when the participle stopped being counted as a part of speech and refers to several "traditional" grammars from the recent centuries as not doing this. This gives me a wonderful pretext for preaching one of my favorite sermon: There may be such a thing as traditional grammar today (the grammarians' as opposed to the linguist's idea of grammar, as embodied in college textbooks of English usage and such) but there was no such thing BEFORE. Like Santa Claus, it is a very recent invention which just seems old. The amount of development--and debate--among traditional grammarians in unbelievable. In the 19th century, for example, there was an ongoing debate about whether the object was one of the principal parts of the sentence (i.e., the VP question). Anyway, since the time of the Greek and Roman grammarians in the centuries following the time of Alexander and until quite recently (I think into the seventeeth century at any rate), the participle was counted as a separate part of speech. But I do not know how and when it became a verb form. I am still hoping somebody will help me find out. Alexis Manaster Ramer -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 16:09:47 EST From: mark Subject: Mandarin software Is there any software for studying Mandarin Chinese at an intermediate level? The person interested has studied it for two years intensively in Taiwan, ending about two years ago, and still uses it but would like to resume study. Mark A. Mandel Dragon Systems, Inc. : speech recognition : +1 617 965-5200 320 Nevada St. : Newton, Mass. 02160, USA : mark@dragonsys.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 24 Dec 93 12:27:40 EST From: gouzevgv@sun.mcs.clarkson.edu (Gregory V. Gouzev) Subject: Cyrillic fonts Dear friends! I am looking for serious WYSIWYG Cyrillic fonts for UNIX. I know that TeX handles it nicely. Also the newest emacs has an option of having the fonts installed. Any other? In the best case, however, I need a piece of software that has versions for DOS and Mac as well. Best wishes, ______________________________________________________________ ________ / ____ /\ Greg Gouzev / /\__/_/ / Box 5817 / / / \_\/ Mathematics & Computer Sci Dept. / / / ______ Clarkson University / /_/_/ / \__\ Potsdam, NY 13699-5817 /_______/ / (315)268-1430 (h) \_______\/ (315)268-2208 (off) ______________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Sat, 25 Dec 1993 18:24:22 -0500 From: Judith Klavans Subject: ways to make an index for a book Does anyone have, or know of, ways to automatically generate an index for a book? Input is latex source. You can answer to me, and I will summarize. Judith Klavans -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1093. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1094. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 107 Subject: 4.1094 Confs: IsCLL-IV, PCILE, ESSLLI '94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 1993 10:19 PDT From: HSCYT@ccvax.sinica.edu.tw Subject: IsCLL IV Annoucement 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 10:47:58 HOE From: Consuelo Rodriguez Magro Subject: Primer Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Espa:ola 3) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 11:13:45 MET From: het@cphling.dk (Hanne E. Thomsen) Subject: Summer School: Language, Logic, Information -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 18 Dec 1993 10:19 PDT From: HSCYT@ccvax.sinica.edu.tw Subject: IsCLL IV Annoucement IsCLL-IV (The Fourth International Symposium of Chinese Languages and Linguistics, July 18-20, 1994) would like to bring the attention of those who intend to submit their abstracts via e-mail the fact that there has been a change of e-mail address for the conference. Since the previously announced address is no longer in service, this may be important to many friends and collegues out there as the deadline of abstract submission (December 31, 1993) is getting close. Please note that the correct e-mail address for the conference has been changed to: IN%"HSPHIL@CCVAX.SINICA.EDU.TW" -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 93 10:47:58 HOE From: Consuelo Rodriguez Magro Subject: Primer Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Espa:ola La Secretaria de Educacion Publica de Mexico y el Instituto Cervantes de Espa:a convocan el Primer Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Espa:ola --------------------------------------------------- que se celebrara en la ciudad de Mexico del 23 al 28 de junio de 1994. Habra siete areas tematicas, entre ellas: "Las nuevas tecnologias aplicadas a la investigacion y a la ense:anza de la Lengua Espa:ola". Esta abierto el plazo para el envio de comunicaciones hasta el 30/1/94. Hay que mandar un resumen de una pagina a: Secretaria Academica del Congreso Insurgentes Sur 2387, Ciudad de Mexico 01000 Mexico Para mas informacion, contactar con Luis Sope:a (luis@mdrvm3.vnet.ibm.com) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 11:13:45 MET From: het@cphling.dk (Hanne E. Thomsen) Subject: Summer School: Language, Logic, Information First announcement ESSLLI '94 European Summer School of Language Logic and Information August 8 - 19, 1994 at the Copenhagen Business School Dept. of Computational Linguistics Dalgas Have 15 DK-2000 Frederiksberg C Denmark Further information follows in March 1994, or contact DIS Congress Service Copenhagen Herlev Ringvej 2C DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark phone: +45 44 92 44 92 telex: 15476 dis dk fax: +45 44 92 50 50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1094. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1095. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 177 Subject: 4.1095 Calls: Extended deadline - ICCS'94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 16:07:42 -0500 From: Cecilia Kullman Subject: Extended Deadline - ICCS'94 Call for Papers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 16:07:42 -0500 From: Cecilia Kullman Subject: Extended Deadline - ICCS'94 Call for Papers Due to the holidays, exams and problems with mail deliveries, the Call for Papers deadline has been extended to JANUARY 12, 1994. The papers that have been received so far are of very high quality and we look forward to an excellent meeting. Also, in response to your inquiries, we anticipate that the regular registration fee will be between $325 - $350. ----------------------------------------------- ICCS'94 FINAL CALL FOR PAPERS SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES August 16 - 20, 1994 University of Maryland - College Park, MD. Conceptual graphs are a logic-based formalism for knowledge representation based on the existential graphs of Charles S. Peirce and semantic networks. ICCS'94 marks their tenth anniversary. Over the past ten years, they have been widely used as a semantic representation for natural language and as a graphic system of logic for expert systems, theorem provers, and database design. Gains have been made in the storage and retrieval of DBMS information coupled with knowledge-based system problem solving capability. Researchers have developed a software base and continue to build upon it. A workshop devoted to conceptual graphs software will follow the conference, along with a workshop on enterprise modeling. Successful implementations include: rule-based systems, database systems, knowledge-based systems, knowledge engineering tools, enterprise modeling, management information systems, conceptual information retrieval and natural language applications, among others. Conceptual graphs are being proposed as a basis for the normative language for conceptual schemas by the ANSI X3H4 Committee on Information Resource Dictionary Systems. We encourage the submission of position papers in cognitive science regarding conceptualization, the formation of conceptual structures and conceptual modeling using conceptual graphs. ICCS'94 is the forum for discussion which will influence the direction of conceptual graphs development during the second, crucial decade. TOPICS Papers are invited on any aspect concept analysis, representation, or manipulation involving conceptual graphs. Theory Technical developments Natural language understanding Applications Graph notation PAPER SUBMISSION Authors are requested to submit five (5) copies of each paper along with an abstract of approximately 20 lines and a list of short phrases descriptive of the content. Each paper may not exceed 5,000 words and should have a title page which includes names, addresses, telephone numbers, FAX numbers and e-mail addresses. Shorter, substantive papers will be welcome. All papers must be double-spaced. Papers are to be submitted by December 15, 1993 to: ICCS'94 UMIACS A. V. Williams Building University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A. IMPORTANT DATES Submission deadline December 15, 1993. Notification of acceptance March 1, 1994 Camera-ready copy April 15, 1994 WORKSHOPS Two workshops will be held in conjunction with the Conference and information concerning those programs will be issued at a later date. PIERCE Workshop Chair Gerard Ellis August 19th-20th. ENTERPRISE MODELING Workshop Chair Alex Bejan August 19th. afternoon. CONFERENCE INFORMATION Honorary Chair: John F. Sowa, State Univ. of New York, sowa@turing.pacs.bingham ton.edu General Chair: Judith P. Dick, Univ. of Maryland, dick@eng.umd.edu Program Committee Chairs: Pavel Kocura, Loughborough Univ. of Technology William Tepfenhart, AT&T Bell Laboratories Program Committee: Alex Bejan Barbara Brunson Michael Chein Peter Creasy Veronica Dahl Bonnie Dorr John Eddy Bruno Emond John Esch Jean Fargues Tim Finin Norman Foo Helen Gigley James Hampton John Heaton Jim Hendler Graeme Hirst Fritz Lehman Guy Mineau Bernard Moulin M.L. Mugnier Sung Myaeng Peter Oehrstroem Ghassan Qada Stephen Regoczei Doug Skuce Dagobert Soergel Eileen Way Amy Weinberg M.H. Williams LOCATION ICCS'94 will be held at the Center for Adult Education of the University of Maryland at College Park. The College Park campus is within the boundary of Metropolitan Washington, within the Beltway. Participants are invited to enjoy the advantages of proximity to the nation's capital, The Smithsonian Institution and other items of interest. Baltimore, Annapolis and the Chesapeake Bay are within easy travel distance. Also, our famous Maryland crabs will be in season in August. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1095. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1096. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 72 Subject: 4.1096 Sum: Arigatoo; Problems and mysteries Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 14:43:50 EST From: mark Subject: Arigatoo !< obrigado 2) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 15:27 EST From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Summary: problems vs. mysteries -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 14:43:50 EST From: mark Subject: Arigatoo !< obrigado I've received three replies so far to my query about Japanese "arigatoo" and Portuguese "obrigado", all agreeing that there is no historical connection. The clearest formulation came from Kenjiro Matsuda: [That's] one of the most famous folk etymology in Japanese, probably fortified by its connection with Brazil (or Portuguese). Arigatoo (note the last vowel is long) is historically derived from arigatasi (ari 'to exist' + gatasi 'hard to'), meaning 'rare.' The form came to be used to express thankfulness, in a more or less exaggerated manner, by saying that such-and-such a favor is hard to exist. The form predates Japan's contacts with the West, which began 16th century. Thanks to all who responded: hartmut@ruc.dk (Hartmut Haberland) kvt@husc.harvard.edu (Karl V. Teeter, Professor of Linguistics, Emeritus, Harvard University) matsuda@linc.cis.upenn.edu (Kenjiro Matsuda, Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Pennsylvania) Mark A. Mandel Dragon Systems, Inc. : speech recognition : +1 617 965-5200 320 Nevada St. : Newton, Mass. 02160, USA : mark@dragonsys.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 15:27 EST From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Summary: problems vs. mysteries LINGUIST is the greatest! Thanks to Kay Bock, Bob Frieden, Marion Gunn, and Rich Hilliard for filling me in on where Chomsky talks about the difference between problems (which we can possibly figure out) and mysteries (which are essentially beyond our capacities). The last chapter of _Reflections on language_ is called "Problems and mysteries in the study of human language", and contains relevant references to Kant and Peirce. There is also a concise summary of the distinction on p. 6 of _Rules and representations_. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1096. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1097. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 225 Subject: 4.1097 FYI: First Nation Studies; Rutgers Archive; Preprints Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 14:52:20 -0500 From: anderson@unbc.edu Subject: New M.A. program: First Nation Studies 2) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 08:50:33 EST From: prince@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince) Subject: Rutgers Optimality Archive Open for Business 3) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 20:10:03 +0900 Subject: News from the IPPE From: phil-preprints-admin@cogsci.l.chiba-u.ac.jp -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 14:52:20 -0500 From: anderson@unbc.edu Subject: New M.A. program: First Nation Studies NEW MA PROGRAMME IN FIRST NATIONS STUDIES The University of Northern British Columbia is located in the territories of 16 Tribal Councils and 76 bands, and is developing a prominent presence in First Nations Studies to work in partnership with these groups. The programme in First Nations Studies is the hub of one of the university's five 'signature' areas, along with Environmental Studies, Northern Studies, Women's Studies and International Studies (focussed on the Pacific Rim, Circumpolar North and international indigenous peoples). Faculty are being recruited throughout the university to contribute to this area, and students will be able to study with these specialists as well as take the core courses taught by faculty in First Nations Studies. The MA programme in First Nations Studies will respond to the unique opportunities and responsiblities of UNBC. ---- UNBC's programme in First Nations Studies establishes the point of view of First Nations people and communities as the starting point for description and analysis, and contextualizes issues from this perspective. Courses will orient students to question underlying assumptions of everyday understandings and will develop clarity in thought and presentation appropriate to advanced study. A special emphasis will be placed on creating opportunities for students to learn from and about the First Nations of the North, including courses taught in First Nations communities, internships, and community-based research projects, providing experience-based learning opportunities of exceptional quality at the MA level. Each student's programme will be culminated by completion of either a thesis or a major project. --- In addition to the high priority on the First Nations of northern British Columbia which will be the hallmark of the programme, offerings will include courses on First Nations of Canada and indigenous peoples of the world. The two specific streams of study within the programme are FIRST NATIONS ISSUES AND APPROACHES, emphasizing the development of theory and method for the understanding of contemporary issues, and NORTHERN NATIONS, which will facilitate students who aim to develop skills, knowledge and experience in the study of the languages of the languages and cultures of northern British Columbia. Links to other graduate programmes at UNBC will enrich the options for course work in areas such as Women's Studies, History, International Studies and Political Sciences. ADMISSION Admission will require an undergraduate degree in First Nations Studies or an appropriate related field, with a minimum 3.0 (B) average or equivalent, and normally a 3.3 (B+) in the last two years of the undergraduate programme. Applications should be submitted as soon as possible in order to qualify for financial aid. Prospective applicants should contact the programme chair, Margaret Seguin Anderson for further details: email: anderson@unbc.edu phone: (604) 960-5777 fax: (604) 960-5795 mail: Dr. Margaret Anderson, First Nations Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Bag 1950, Station A, Prince George, British Columbia, V2L 5P2. FINANCIAL AID Teaching Fellowships and Research Assistantships will be awarded to the best qualified full-time students. Students requiring information about these or other forms of financial aid such as bursaries and scholarships should contact the programme chair or the Dean of Graduate Studies, Dr. William Morrison. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 08:50:33 EST From: prince@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince) Subject: Rutgers Optimality Archive Open for Business The Rutgers Optimality Archive (ROA) makes available for anonymous ftp papers and other material on Optimality Theory. FTP-host: ruccs.rutgers.edu FTP-directory: pub/OT/TEXTS FTP-filenames: consult README in pub/OT/TEXTS ROA exists to facilitate exchange of ideas and is open to all workers in the area. If you wish to submit a paper or handout to ROA, write me at prince@ruccs.rutgers.edu. Interested parties should examine README in pub/OT/TEXTS, from time to time, to get an updated list of what's available. -Alan Prince. :::::::::::::::::::::::::: The following papers are currently posted (Dec. 23, 1993): ROA-1.``Directional Syllabification in Generalized Alignment'' Armin Mester & Jaye Padgett. ROA-2.``The Learnability of Optimality Theory: an Algorithm and some Basic Complexity Results.'' Bruce Tesar & Paul Smolensky. ROA-3.``Analytic Typology of case marking and grammatical voice.'' Geraldine Legendre, William Raymond, Paul Smolensky. ROA-4.``Turkish Vowel Harmony and Disharmony: An Optimality Theoretic Account.'' Robert Kirchner. ROA-5.``Minimal Projection, Heads, and Optimality.'' Jane Grimshaw. ROA-6.``OCP Effects in Optimality Theory''. Scott Myers. ROA-7.``Generalized Alignment.'' John McCarthy & Alan Prince. ::::::::::::::::::::::::: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 17 Dec 93 20:10:03 +0900 Subject: News from the IPPE From: phil-preprints-admin@cogsci.l.chiba-u.ac.jp =========================================================== News from the International Philosophical Preprint Exchange =========================================================== 12 Dec 93 ***** Contents and summaries of _Poznan Studies_ volumes ***** The IPPE is pleased to announce the first fruits of the invitation we issued last fall to editors of journals and book series, and to organizers of conferences, to make materials available through the IPPE. The tables of contents and guest-editors' introductory essays of volumes in the _Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities_ are now being made available on the IPPE, starting with the current volume (_Social System, Rationality and Revolution_. Leszek Nowak and Marcin Paprzycki, eds. _Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities_, vol. 33). Tables of contents and editor's summaries of future volumes of the _Poznan Studies_ will be available on the IPPE several months in advance of publication. In addition, information on all the back volumes will be added over the next several months. The Poznan Studies data can be found in a new directory/gopher menu on the IPPE, named Journals_Books_and_Conferences. ***** Contents and abstracts from _Philosophy of the Social Sciences_ ***** Starting in January, the Journals_Books_and_Conferences directory/gopher menu will also contain tables of contents and abstracts from forthcoming issues of the journal _Philosophy of the Social Sciences_. Details will be announced shortly. ***** Other journals to be available soon; invitation remains open ***** We hope tobe able to announce the finalization of several more cooperative ventures with journals and major conferences in the coming months, and our invitation to editors and organizers remains open. Since we consider the IPPE to be a medium for the distribution of philosophical texts, rather than advertising, we look most favourably on proposals to make significant portions of books, journals, or conference proceedings (chapters, whole papers, introductions, or at least abstracts, rather than just publication information or bare tables of contents) available on the IPPE. Please contact us at phil-preprints-admin@phil-preprints.L.chiba-u.ac.jp for more information. ***** Submission queue lengthens, but more submissions solicited ***** Due to end-of-semester slowdowns, over a dozen papers are delayed at various stages of the submission process. As always, however, we encourage more submissions. If you have a working paper you would like to make available on the IPPE, please contact Carolyn Burke (cburke@nexus.yorku.ca), who will be happy to guide you through the submission process. We hope to have several batches of papers available in the next few weeks, and to eliminate the queue early in the new year. ***** Questions? ***** If you have any questions about the IPPE, you may find them answered in our "Frequently asked questions (with answers)" document, which is available on the system. Please feel free also to write to the email address given at the very end of this message if you have a comment, a question not answered in the "Frequently asked questions" document, or a problem. Accessing the International Philosophical Preprint Exchange: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By gopher: "gopher apa.oxy.edu" or "gopher kasey.umkc.edu". By ftp: "ftp Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp", or "ftp mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu". By email: "mail phil-preprints-service@Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp". To place a paper or comment on the IPPE: see pub/submissions/README. If you have questions: send mail to . -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1097. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1098. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 110 Subject: 4.1098 Call: Head-driven Phrase-Structure Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 13:31:00 GMT From: doug@essex.ac.uk (Arnold D J) Subject: CONFERENCE ON HEAD-DRIVEN PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR: CALL FOR ABSTRACTS -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 93 13:31:00 GMT From: doug@essex.ac.uk (Arnold D J) Subject: CONFERENCE ON HEAD-DRIVEN PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR: CALL FOR ABSTRACTS Please Post: if you would like a LaTex or PostScript version of this notice, please contact doug@essex.ac.uk ****************** CALL FOR ABSTRACTS 1994 CONFERENCE ON HEAD-DRIVEN PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR: EXPLANATORY MECHANISMS AND EMPIRICAL CONSEQUENCES ******************* August 6-7, 1994 (Immediately preceeding ESSLII-5 The 5th European Summer School in Language Logic and Information) University of Cophenhagen Recent years have seen the emergence an international community employing HPSG as a framework for linguistic research. Much previous and ongoing work has focused on the one hand on detailed studies of linguistic phenomena in a handful of languages (especially English, German, and Korean); and on the other hand on technical issues of formalization and computational implementation. However, the original impetus for the development of HPSG arose from a desire to provide theories of natural language structure, with respect to both universal grammar and the multitude of specific human languages, that are formally explicit and have genuine empirical consequences. THE 1994 CONFERENCE ON HPSG SOLICITS ABSTRACTS FOR PAPERS WHICH BRING TO BEAR THE EXPLANATORY POTENTIAL OF HPSG FOR ILLUMINATING ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS OF EMPIRICAL PHENOMENA, BOTH CROSS-LINGUISTICALLY AND FOR PARTICULAR LANGUAGES. Particularly welcome are papers which elaborate or provide alternatives to existing explanatory resources, or which extend the scope of the framework beyond syntax and semantics to encompass the interfaces with other linguistic components (such as phonology, morphology, pragmatics, and language processing). Preference will be given to submissions which are strongly grounded in rich bodies of linguistic phenomena, or which bring to light new, poorly understood, or little-studied phenomena. Abstracts to be presented will be selected by an international panel of referees. PRESENTATIONS: Authors should plan on 45 minutes for presentation and question period. ABSTRACT REQUIREMENTS: Abstracts must not exceed in length two standard-size pages in unreduced type, with one additional page for examples and figures. A title, but not the author's name, should appear on the abstract. Either electronic (preferred) or hard-copy submission is permissible. ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION: to HPSG94@ling.ohio-state.edu. Use ASCII text only, free of formatting commands. Text of the abstract itself should be preceeded by the following essential author data: Title of paper Name of Author Affiliation Mailing Address Email adress (preferred) or phone number HARD COPY SUBMISSION: eight copies of abstract, plus one copy of essential author data on a separate page, to: HPSG94 Department of Linguistics Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 USA DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF ABSTRACTS: February 11, 1994 ANNOUNCEMENT OF ACCEPTANCES: March 14, 1994 FOR INFORMATION ABOUT LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS: email to Bjarne Orsnes bjarne@cphling.dk FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROGRAM: contact HPSG94 at the above address, or email to one of the members of the program committee. PROGRAM COMMITTEE: Doug Arnold Bob Levine Carl Pollard doug@essex.ac.uk levine@ling.ohio-state.edu pollard@ling.ohio-state.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1098. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1099. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 110 Subject: 4.1099 Internal/external evidence Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1993 12:46:19 -0500 (EST) From: 00dgchurma@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: internal/external evidence -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1993 12:46:19 -0500 (EST) From: 00dgchurma@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: internal/external evidence Some time ago, Joe Stemberger noted that the value of psycholinguistic evidence (and, I would add, other kinds of external ev.) is that it is a different kind of ev. from that used to come up with whatever the new ev. is being used to test. I think he's hit the nail on the head, and I would like to try to drive it all the way in. But first, an anecdote that will, I trust, make the no-difference-between- internal-and-external folks unconfortable. At the Linguistic Institute last summer, Donca Steriade, during a talk at the Phonology Workshop, made the claim that a word in an African language (don't remember which) had an (intervocalic) prenasalized stop. An audience member questioned her claim, suggesting that it might be a sequence of nasal stop + oral stop. Donca gave the standard arg. -- no (other?) clusters, only open syllables (I don't remember if the language allowed word-initial prenasals), but the (now sizable number of) sceptics were not convinced. [I don't know for sure, but I suspect that their number included no native speakers of languages with prenasals!] Then I pointed out the work of Hombert and others on (apparent) syllable-reversing language games in OTHER (related) lgs. (not even the lg. in question), in which prenasals don't get split up. THAT WAS THE END OF THE DISCUSSION, and Donca went on with her talk. So the question is: why did this quiet the sceptics? Were half the phonologists in the world guilty of failing to appreciate an elementary methodological point? Or is external ev. really different? [Incidentally, it appeared to me that there was a general atmosphere in the audience that the issue had been decisively resolved. I'd be interested in finding out if others who were there shared my perception.] Back to Stemberger's nail. (In fact, I guess I've already taken a whack or two at it!) It really does help to have new kinds of data. Philosophers of science frequently suggest this, but then abandon the issue because it's so hard to make precise the notion "new kind of data". So let's take another approach, which came to my attention in Wesley Salmon's "The Foundations of Scientific Inference", and was pursued by me in my diss. (better hurry -- Garland's clearing it out!) wrt arguments using external ev. -- a Bayesian approach to inference. Basically, it says: the probability of a hypothesis given a piece of evidence increases to the extent that the ev. was unlikely unless the H was true. How is this relevant to int/ext? Well, suppose I've got an analysis that says I'm dealing with prenasals, not sequences of two phonemes, based on Donca-style reasoning. How do I know if I'm right? Look harder, and see if any clusters have escaped my notice? And what if I still don't find any? Isn't this new evidence? It is -- but it's not UNLIKELY even if my analysis is wrong, knowing what we do about the nature of phonological change. This is always going to be a problem with phonological analysis -- we can never be sure that a given generalization is not, synchronically, simply an accident. (Kenstowicz and Kisseberth are admirably insistent on the necessity of showing that this "null hypothesis" is not true, in their 1979 textbook.) [Geoff Pullum has a paper that appeared in the mid70s in York (i think) WPL in which he gives 2 gloriously accidental linguistic generalizations -- grist for the Topic ... Comment mill, Geoff? I can't remember them, though, so I'll offer the example of the combined grad/undergrad morphology class I taught in which all (two) of the undergrads had surnames beginning with "M". Accidents don't get their just due among linguists!] So what if I find a native speaker who can "talk backwards" with some fluency (for an Eng. example involving affricates and diphthongs, see the paper by Cowan and Leavitt in the 1981 CLS paravolume), and s/he doesn't reverse the nasal and oral "parts", despite the fact that every other phoneme sequence is reversed? This really IS unlikely unless we don't have a sequence of two phonemes in the prenasals (granted, language change could play a role here, too -- especially if the reversing ability has been taught -- but it's less likely; and one can always get around that possibility by teaching people a novel way of reversing (just ask Hombert, or Ohala)). And that's why new kinds data (better, unlikely ones without the H) are important. So I hope the nail is all the way in now. But are int. and ext. ev. fundamentally different? I think they are, at least if one takes the Chomskyan approach that one of the things that linguists ought to do is explain language acquisition. For if so, analytic principles ought to be such that a child could use them to acquire lg. BASED ON THE KIND OF DATA AVAILABLE TO HIM/HER. This kind of data is, by and large, internal evidence -- kids don't have access to things like psy-ling. experiments or future language changes, and they can't use some of the stuff that they do have access to, like speech errors or, I would argue, game data. But in order to get the right principles, we have to know exactly what it is that kids are acquiring, since we can't inspect their LADs and find the principles that way. I.e., we have to use data that are external to the child's corpus (one should keep in mind that the non-elliptical expressions are CORPUS-internal/external ev.). So in part, I think, we're all right. Data is data, as far as finding the right principles is concerned, but the principles have to be such that they work when all we have is internal evidence. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1099. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1100. Sun 26 Dec 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 84 Subject: 4.1100 Jobs: Text Systems Manager Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 12:27:18 -0500 (EST) From: Susan Hockey Subject: Position available: Text Systems Manager at CETH -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 12:27:18 -0500 (EST) From: Susan Hockey Subject: Position available: Text Systems Manager at CETH CENTER FOR ELECTRONIC TEXTS IN THE HUMANITIES TEXT SYSTEMS MANAGER The Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities, which is sponsored by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and Princeton University invites applications for a Text Systems Manager. The position is responsible for the design, development and management of a UNIX-based client/server text system and associated software that runs on the Internet and serves the needs of humanities scholarship. Supervises SGML markup of texts and ensures conformity to the Text Encoding Initiative specifications. Manages CETH's text access system both for maintenance purposes and planned future developments which include linking images to texts and providing linguistic analysis tools and a lexical database to aid retrieval. Provides technical supervision for access to texts by members of a consortium which CETH is establishing. CETH's text collection will act as a testbed for research on the `uses and users' of electronic texts in the humanities. Requires a bachelor's degree or an equivalent combination of education and/or experience related to computers and/or the humanities, plus three years experience relevant to the same. Knowledge of design and maintenance of UNIX-based systems, Standard Generalized Markup Language, Text Encoding Initiative, and programming ability in C, Perl and UNIX utilities, and PCs and Macintosh computers used in a client/server environment is required. Must also have strong communication and interpersonal skills. Knowledge of the use of electronic texts in the humanities, image handling techniques, and foreign language is preferred. CETH's other activities include an Inventory of Machine-Readable Texts in the Humanities which is held on RLIN, an international summer seminar which is co-sponsored by the Centre for Computing in the Humanities, University of Toronto, and information services for humanities computing. CETH is supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the New Jersey Committee for the Humanities and the Booth Ferris Foundation. A one year grant funded position is immediately available for a suitably qualified candidate. Salary: $42,857. Submit a letter of application, resume, and the names of three referees to Susan Hockey Director Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities 169 College Avenue New Brunswick NJ 08903 to whom informal enquiries may also be addressed. E-mail: hockey@zodiac.rutgers.edu Rutgers is an EO/AA employer. We encourage applicants with disabilities and Vietnam era veterans to self-identify in a cover letter. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-1100.