________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-451. Thu 10 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 126 Subject: 4.451 Sum: be Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 16:26:49 GMT From: Dewi Evans Subject: 'be' sentences -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 16:26:49 GMT From: Dewi Evans Subject: 'be' sentences I am extremely grateful to those who replied to my query on 'be' sentences which I posted a few weeks ago. The respondents were: Cathy Ball Erin Collopy Ray Freeze John Goldsmith Martin Haspelmath Mary Jack Knud Lambrecht Connor Longman Lachlan Mackenzie Louise McNally Geoff Nathan Jeff Runner Brian Ulicny Elly van Gelderen Peansiri Vongvipanond Ronnie Wilbur Rick Wojcik Laurie Zaring I was told that the journal _Foundations of Language_ whose demise I had mourned has become _Linguistics and Philosophy_ and/or _Studies in Language_. The following are the works which were suggested to me. A few are fairly general works on Welsh, which might perhaps be only of passing interest to those working on 'be' in other languages. _The Verb 'Be' and its Synonyms_, vols. 1-6, ed. by John W. M. Verhaar, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1967. Ball, C. (1991), _The Historical Development of the it-cleft_. PhD dissertation, U of Pennsylvania. Bolinger, D.L. (1972), 'A look at equations and cleft sentences' in _Studies for Einar Haugen_. Mouton. Burzio, L. (1986), _Italian Syntax_. D. Reidel, Dordrecht. Chvany, Catherine (1973), 'On the Role of Presuppositions in Russian Existential Sentences' in _Papers from the Ninth Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Circle_. Couquaux, Daniel (1981), 'French Predication and Linguistic Theory' in May, R. and J. Coster (eds.) _Levels of Syntactic Representation_. Foris, Dordrecht. Declerck, Renaat (1988), _Studies on Copular Sentences, Clefts and Pseudo-clefts_. Leuven U Press, Leuven. Demske-Neumann, Ulrike (1993), _Modales Passiv und Tough Movement - zur strukturellen Kausalitaet eines syntaktischen Wandels im Deutschen und Englischen_. Doctoral dissertation, Tuebingen. Doherty, Cathal (to appear), 'Causal Structure and the Modern Irish Copula' in _Natural Language and Linguistic Theory_. Fife, James (1990), _The Semantics of the Welsh Verb_. U of Wales Press, Cardiff. Freeze, Ray (1992), 'Existentials and other Locatives', in _Language 68_, 553-95. Heggie, Lorie (1988), _The Syntax of Copular Structures_, PhD dissertation, U of South California, LA. Hendrick, Randall (1991), 'The Celtic Coopula and Head Raising'. Paper presented at the Verb Movement Workshop, U of Maryland, Oct. 1991. Hengeveld, Kees (1992), _Non-verbal predication: theory, typology, diachrony_. Functional Grammar Series 15. Mouton, Berlin. Heycock, Caroline (1991), 'Specificational Pseudoclefts and Predication'. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the LSA, Jan. 1991. ---------- (1991), _Layers of Predication: The Non-lexical syntax of clauses_. PhD dissertation, U of Pennsylvania. Higgins, Francis Roger (1979), _The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in English_. Garland, New York. Jones, M. & A.R. Thomas (1977), _The Welsh Language_. U of Wales Press, Cardiff. Keizer, Evelien (date unknown), _Reference, predication and (in)definiteness in Functional Grammar_. PhD dissertation, Free U, Amsterdam. Lema, Jose (1992), 'Distinguishing Copular and Aspectual Auxiliaries: Spanish SER and ESTAR'. Paper presented at the Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, U of Texas, El Paso, Feb. 1992. Longman, C. Ferris (forthcoming), _The Meaning of Syntax: A Study of the Adjectives in English_. Partee, Barbara (1986), 'Ambiguous Pseudoclefts with Unambiguous Be', in Berman, S., Jae-Woong Chae and J. McDonough (eds.), _Proceedings of NELS 16_. GLSA, U of Masssachusettes, Amherst, 354-66. Pollock, J-Y (1983), 'Sur quelques proprietes des phrases copulatives en francais'. _Langue francaise_ 8, 89-12. Rapoport, T. (1987), _Copular, Nominal and Small Clauses: a Study of Israeli Hebrew_. PhD dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA. Rouveret, Alain, (1990), 'X-bar Theory, Minimality and Barrierhood in Welsh' in Hendrick, R. (ed.) _Syntax and Semantics 23. The Syntax of Modern Celtic Languages_. Academic Press, Orlando. Safir, Ken (1985), _Syntactic Chains_. Cambridge U Press, Cambridge UK. van Gelderen, Elly (1990), '"To Be" and Indices' in Abraham, W., W. Kosmeijer & E. Reuland (eds.) _Issues in Germanic Linguistics_. Mouton, Berlin. Verheugd-Daatzelaar, Els (1990), _Subject Arguments and Predicate Nominals_. Rodopi, Amsterdam. Williams, E. (1983), 'Semantic vs.Syntactic Categories'. _Linguistics and Philosophy 6_, 423-46. ---------- (1990), 'Pseudoclefts and the Order of Logic in English'. _Linguistic Inquiry 21_, 485-89. Zaring, Laurie (1993), 'Two "Be" or Not Two "Be": Identity, Predication and the Welsh Copula'. Manuscript, Indiana University. Dewi Evans Department of Welsh, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-451. LINGUIST List: Vol-4-452. Thu 10 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 71 Subject: 4.452 Corpus of Spoken American English Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 1993 08:03:00 -0400 From: meyer@umbsky.cc.umb.edu Subject: Corpus of Spoken American English -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 1993 08:03:00 -0400 From: meyer@umbsky.cc.umb.edu Subject: Corpus of Spoken American English We are presently putting together a million word corpus of spoken American English and were wondering whether there were any individuals on the network who would be interested in helping us collect various kinds of spoken English from different regions of the United States. We want the corpus to be as regionally and ethnically diverse as possible, but we are logistically constrained from sending research assistants around the country to collect different varieties of speech. We are interested in collecting the following kinds of broadcast English (particularly radio and television programs that are locally produced): interviews/discussions call-in shows news broadcasts demonstrations speeches sports commentaries (e.g. broadcasts of baseball games, local tennis matches) city council meetings, school board meetings, etc. (i.e. anything broadcast over local access cable channels) If you can help us out, all you have to do is: 1) Tape the entire program (commercials and all) 2) Use as good a recorder as possible and a Cr02 90 minute cassette (we'll send you a blank replacement cassette; also, video cassettes are fine too) 3) Mail Charles Meyer the tape along with the name and phone number of the station the program was broadcast on (we will need this information in order to obtain copyright release) We're also collecting face-to-face conversations, so if you have good recording equipment (particularly a good microphone), let us know and we'll forward tapes and consent forms. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact one of us. Thanks for your help. Jack Du Bois Charles Meyer Linguistics Dept. English Dept. University of California UMass-Boston Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Boston, MA 02125 (805) 893-7131 (617) 287-6748 dubois@humanitas.ucsb.edu meyer@umbsky.cc.umb.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-452. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-453. Fri 11 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 188 Subject: 4.453 Conferences: Japanese/Korean, Indigenous American Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 00:52 PDT From: Shoichi Iwasaki Subject: J/K Conference (correct information) 2) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 1993 15:58 PST From: GOLLAV@axe.humboldt.edu Subject: SSILA Summer Meeting -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 00:52 PDT From: Shoichi Iwasaki Subject: J/K Conference (correct information) CALL FOR PAPERS The Fourth Japanese/Korean Linguistics Conference(Formerly The Southern California Japanese/Korean Linguistics Conference) UCLA October 15-17, 1993 Deadline for the Submission of Abstracts: June 15, 1993 Keynote Speakers: Professor. Masayoshi Shibatani (Kobe University) Professor Susumu Kuno (Harvard University) Special Session: Contrastive Study of Japanese and Korean (This year, the conference especially encourages the presentation which take both languages into the domain of investigation and will set aside special slots for such comparative research.) This conference aims to provide a forum for presenting research in Japanese and Korean linguistics, thereby facilitating efforts to deepen our understanding of these two languages which have striking typological similarities. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology, pragmatics, historical linguistics, typology, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, language acquisition, and discourse. Presentations are 20 minutes long, and will be followed by a short question period. Abstract submissions should be sent to one of the addresses below by June 15, 1993. The abstract should include: 1. Six (6) copies of a one-page abstract (no more than 500 words) with a title; Omit your name and affiliation from the abstract. The one-page (500 words) limit should be strictly observed; a second page may be used only for citing references. 2. A 3" by 5" card with the title of the paper, the name of the author(s), the mailing address of the author, and the author(s) affiliation, phone number and e-mail address. If your address, phone number and e-mail address will be different during summer, be sure to include it as well. 3. A self-addressed, stamped postcard if you wish to be notified whether your abstract has been received. (A Very Good Idea!!) Syntax, Formal Semantics, Phonology, and Morphology Professor Naoki Fukui Dept. of Linguistics School of Social Sciences UCI Irvine, CA 92717 nfukui @uci.edu Other topics: Professor Noriko Akatsuka or Professor Shoichi Iwasaki Dept. of East Asian Lgs. & Cultures UCLA 405 Hilgard Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90024 ibenauo@uclamvs.bitnet The proceedings of this conference will be published as Japanese/Korean Linguistics vol. 4 by CSLI (The Center for the Study of Language and Information) The proceedings of the preveous conferences can be ordered either directly from the University of Chicago Press, or through a local bookstore. UCP's address: 11030 S. Langley Ave., Chicago, IL 60628. Orders may also be placed by phone at 800-621-2736. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 1993 15:58 PST From: GOLLAV@axe.humboldt.edu Subject: SSILA Summer Meeting THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF THE INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES OF THE AMERICAS Summer Meeting in Conjunction with the Linguistic Institute Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, July 2-4, 1993 Friday Afternoon, July 2. SSILA 1. 1009 Smith Laboratory. 1:45 p.m. Opening Remarks (Catherine A. Callaghan). 2:00-2:30 Lyle Campbell (LSU), "Problems with the Pronouns in Proposals of Remote Relationships Among Native American Languages." 2:30-3:00 Jack Martin (William & Mary), "The Representation of Sound, Speech and Thought in Creek." 3:00-3:30 Robin Shoaps (U of Chicago), "The Image Schema of the Body in Fox." 3:30-3:45 BREAK 3:45-4:15 Debra J. Occhi, Roy H. Ogawa & Gary E. Palmer (U of Nevada-Las Vegas), "Like Hair or Intestines: Semantic Analysis of the Coeur d'Alene Prefix ne?- 'amidst'." 4:15-4:45 M. Dale Kinkade (UBC), "s- Prefixation on Upper Chehalis (Salish) Imperfective Predicates." 4:45-5:15 Steve Egesdal (Missoula, MT), "Proto Salish *r Revisited." Saturday Morning, July 3. Hokan-Penutian Workshop. 1153 Smith Laboratory. 8:45 a.m. Opening Remarks (Catherine A. Callaghan). 9:00-9:30 Mauricio J. Mixco (U of Utah), "The Npmhuus Problem." 9:30-10:00 Eric Elliott (Chula Vista, CA), "The Indefinite Prefix m- in Cupan and Yuman." 10:00-10:30 Tsuyoshi Ono, Suzanne Wash & Marianne Mithun (UCSB), "The Function of a Glottal Stop Morpheme in Barbareno Chumash and Neighboring Languages." 10:30-10:45 BREAK 10:45-11:15 Amy Miller (UCSB), "Yuma Conjunctions." 11:15-11:45 Margaret Langdon (UCSD), "The Contribution of J.P. Harrington to Kroeber & Harrington (1914)." 11:45-12:15 Hokan-Penutian Business Meeting (Margaret Langdon). Saturday Afternoon, July 3. SSILA 2. 1153 Smith Laboratory. 2:00-2:30 Geoffrey Kimball (Tulane), "Comparative Difficulties of the 'Gulf' Languages." 2:30-3:00 L. Brockman (Harvard), "Itzamna: Mayan Morphology and Morphosyntax." 3:00-3:30 Eusebia Hermina Martin (Buenos Aires), "Formas nominales y sufijos en lengua chimane." 3:30-3:45 BREAK 3:45-4:15 Eloise Jelinek (U of Arizona), "Quantification in Progressive Sentences in Yaqui." 4:15-4:45 Soren Wichmann (U of Copenhagen), "Tlapanecan Palimpsests." 4:45-5:15 SSILA Business Meeting (Marianne Mithun). Sunday Morning, July 4. SSILA 3: Brazilian Languages 1153 Smith Laboratory. 10:00-10:30 Sidney Facundes (U of Oregon), "OSV Basic Word Order in Apurina (Arawakan)." 10:30-11:00 Vilacy Galucio (Museu Goeldi), "Preliminary Recon- struction of Proto-Tupari Phonemes." 11:00-11:30 Luciana Storto (Penn State), "Basic Word Order in Karitiana (Arikem family, Tupi stock)." 11:30-12:00 Raquel Guirardello (Museu Goeldi), "Case, Verb Type, and Ergativity in Trumai." Sunday Afternoon, July 4. SSILA 4: Long-Range Comparison 1153 Smith Laboratory. [An informal discussion of issues raised by long range comparative projects in the Americas.] 2:00-5:00 p.m. Chair: Lyle Campbell. ***************************************************************************** For information on transportation, lodging, or other practical details contact: Catherine Callaghan, 222 Oxley Hall, OSU, 1712 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210. Phone: 614/292-5880 (days, early evenings, and most weekends), 614/292-4052 (for messages) or 614/278-9675. email: GOLLAV @ axe.Humboldt.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-453. LINGUIST List: Vol-4-454. Fri 11 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 202 Subject: 4.454 Conferences: COSWL Program Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Jun 1993 12:29:29 -0600 From: karemlin@mtu.edu (Kathryn Remlinger) Subject: Conference program -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Jun 1993 12:29:29 -0600 From: karemlin@mtu.edu (Kathryn Remlinger) Subject: Conference program DRAFT PROGRAM FOR THE 1993 COSWL LANGUAGE AND GENDER CONFERENCE "The Language-Gender Interface: Theories and Methods for Research and Teaching" July 15-18, 1993, Columbus, Ohio Sponsored by the Committee on the Status of Women in Linguistics Affiliated with the the Linguistic Society of America's 1993 Linguistic Institute Conference Organizers: Victoria Bergvall (Michigan Tech U), chair; Janet Bing (Old Dominion U), Alice Freed (Montclair State Col), Kathryn Remlinger (Michigan Tech U), and Christie Block (OSU). TUESDAY: Please note that the plenary address to the Linguistic Institute by Sally McConnell-Ginet and Penelope Eckert, previously scheduled for July 13, has been moved to the evening of July 20. Title TBA. ----------------- THURSDAY, JULY 15 7-9 pm casual reception/registration (at Drackett Hall, housing check-in site) ----------------- FRIDAY, JULY 16 8:00 Registration opens at conference site (TBA) 8:45 Welcome, opening remarks, announcements SESSION A: THEORY AND METHOD IN LANGUAGE AND GENDER RESEARCH 9:00-9:25 Bonnie McElhinny, Stanford U "Theories of Gender in Women's Studies and Linguistics: A Critical Review" 9:25-9:50 Mary Bucholtz, UC Berkeley "Theory and Practice in African American Women's Speech" 9:50-10:15 Alice Freed, Montclair State Col "Language and Gender Research in an Experimental Setting" 10:15-10:30 general discussion 10:30-10:45 break SESSION B: THE INTERFACE OF AGE AND GENDER IN LANGUAGE 10:45-11:10 Amy Sheldon, U Minnesota "'I want to play too': Preschool Girls' Negotiations for Power and Access" 11:10-11:35 Alice Greenwood, Vassar Col, "Floor Management and Power Strategies in Adolescent Conversation" 11:35-12:00 Pam Saunders, Philadelphia Geriatric Center, "Do Old Women Tell Secrets? An Analysis of Personal Talk in the Discourse of Elderly Women" 12:00-12:15 general discussion 12:15-2:00 Lunch break SESSION C: CONSTRUCTING A GENDERED IDENTITY, PART 1 2:00-2:25 Veronica O'Donovan, U Texas-Austin and Kira Hall, UC Berkeley "Gendering India's Third Sex: Constructions of Female and Male Self in the Hindi of the Banaras Hijras" 2:25-2:50 Miriam Meyerhoff, U Penn. and Nancy Niedzielski, UC Santa Barbara "Women's Identities: Interpersonal and Intergroup Perspectives on Constructing a Unique Identity" 2:50-3:15 Victoria Bergvall, Michigan Tech U "Constructing and Enacting Gender Through Discourse: Negotiating Multiple Roles as Female Engineering Students" 3:15-3:30 general discussion 3:30-3:45 break SESSION D: CONSTRUCTING A GENDERED IDENTITY, PART 2 3:45-4:10 Kira Hall, UC Berkeley "The Redefinition of Self Among Ashram Widows in Banaras" 4:10-4:35 Birch Moonwomon, USC "Syntactic Choice and Identity Construction in Narrative" 4:35-5:00 Anita Liang, UC Berkeley "Stepping Out of Institutional Roles: Telephone Service Encounters with Prank Callers" 5:00-5:15 general discussion 6:00 BANQUET 7:30-9:00 OPEN COSWL MEETING, discussion of formation of LSA Women's Caucus ----------------- SATURDAY, July 17 SESSION E: NEGOTIATING INTERACTION 9:00-9:25 Susan Ehrlich and Ruth King, York U "Feminist Linguistic Innovations: Negotiating Meaning" 9:25-9:50 Scott Kiesling, Georgetown U "Competitive Cooperativeness and Status in Male Discourse" 9:50-10:15 Sarah Bacon, Y. Ayanna Bennett, Ottrell Ferrell, Mona Kanda, and Carolyn Laub, Stanford U, "Gesture Patterns of Black and White Women in Conversation" 10:15-10:30 general discussion 10:30-10:45 break SESSION F: INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS ON LANGUAGE AND GENDER 10:45-11:10 Laurel Sutton, UC Berkeley "Using the NET: Gender, Power, and Silencing in Electronic Discourse" 11:10-11:35 Doris Ravotas, Copper Country Mental Health Center/Michigan Tech U "Discourse Patterns in a Family Therapy Case" 11:35-12:00 Livia Polanyi & Diana Strassmann, Rice U, Storytellers and Gatekeepers in Economics" 12:00-12:15 general discussion 12:15-2:00 Lunch break SESSION G: VIEWS ON CONVERSATION AND GENDER 2:00-2:25 Janice Drakich, Terry Chow, and Sandra Miller, U Windsor "An Experiential Course on Gender Communication and Academic Processses: The Relationship of Topic of Talk, Sex Composition, and Gender on Amount of Talk" 2:25-2:50 Anna Fellegy, U Minnesota "Minimal Response Patterns in Male Speech" 2:50-3:15 Liliana B. Anglada, Texas Tech U "Conversational Interactions Among Women and Men in the Spanish Variety Spoken in Argentina" 3:15-3:30 general discussion 3:30-3:45 break SESSION H: WOMEN AND MEN COMPARED 3:45-4:10 Genevieve Escure, U Minnesota "Gender and Tense Marking in a Creole Context" 4:10-4:35 Madeleine Youmans, USC and G. Genevieve Patthey- Chavez, UCLA and LA City Col "Action vs. Experience: Linguistic Contrasts in Women's and Men's Erotic Genres" 4:35-5:00 Deborah James, U Toronto-Scarborough"When and Why is Women's Speech Closer to the Standard than Men's? A Critical Review" 5:00-5:15 general discussion 5:15-7:30 dinner break 7:30 INVITED KEYNOTE SPEAKER: Deborah Cameron, U Strathclyde (comments by Penny Eckert, Institute for Research on Learning & Sally McConnell-Ginet, Cornell ?) 8:30 or 9:00 PARTY?/MUSIC (beginning after the keynote address is over) ----------------- SUNDAY, JULY 18 9:00-10:15 WORKSHOPS (still to be confirmed) tentatively: Teaching L&G (syllabi workshop), Beth Hume (OSU) and Bonnie McElhinny (Stanford) Pedagogy of L&G, Janet Bing (Old Dominion U) Methods in L&G research Career Issues How to write an abstract for the LSA conference 10:15-10:30 break 10:30-11:45 WORKSHOPS (repeats, extensions, or second set) 11:45-12:00 break 12:00-1:00 ROUNDTABLE/SUMMARY "Theory and Methods for Research and Teaching Language and Gender": Sally McConnell- Ginet, Penny Eckert, (Deborah Cameron, Victoria Bergvall, Alice Freed, Janet Bing) discussion of conference, future directions, audience commentary, closing comments PLUS, All day Sunday: WORKSHOPS/PARASESSION ON LESBIAN LANGUAGE(S) (Birch Moonwomon and Ruth Morgan, organizers) TUESDAY, July 20 evening: Plenary address to the Linguistic Institute by Sally McConnell-Ginet and Penelope Eckert, Title TBA. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-454. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-455. Fri 11 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 78 Subject: 4.455 Queries: Tools for French, Canadian [au] Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 1993 12:48:10 UTC+0200 From: jibagbee@sisb00.si.ehu.es Subject: Query: Linguistic Tools for french 2) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 18:15:06 CDT From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: The variable (au) in Canadian English -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 1993 12:48:10 UTC+0200 From: jibagbee@sisb00.si.ehu.es Subject: Query: Linguistic Tools for french Hallo everybody, I am researching on the use of semantic information for automatic error correction. My previous work has been done for Basque, and I would like to investigate the matter for french, but I need some data and tools. I would like to know about the availability of the following: 1) tagged corpora 2) syntactically analyzed corpus of the style of TREEBANK for english OR a robust parser which performs superficial syntactic analysis (to be used with the corpora) 3) a list of selectional restrictions of french verbs I will appreciate any information which could lead me to such data and tools, as well as information about price (if any) of licence, etc. Thanks in advance, Eneko Agirre Informatika Fakultatea Basque Country University jibagbee@si.ehu.es -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 18:15:06 CDT From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: The variable (au) in Canadian English I'm making this query on behalf of a Canadian student, Mike Steinborn. Has any work been done on the realization and/or distribution of the diphthong (au) in Canadian English dialects (as in 'house', 'out', etc.)? Research done from a variationist sociolinguistic approach is preferred, but references to other kinds of work are welcome as well. Regards, Susan Herring susan@utafll.uta.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-455. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-456. Fri 11 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 41 Subject: 4.456 FYI: FUNKNET Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 18:00:21 CDT From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: FUNKNET -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 18:00:21 CDT From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: FUNKNET Since my summary on nominal and verbal predication appeared on LINGUIST, I have received a number of inquiries about FUNKNET. FUNKNET is a network for those interested in functional approaches to language. It was started by Paul Hopper and Tom Givon a couple of years back, and is currently run by Tom out of the University of Oregon. Anyone interested in subscribing should contact him directly at the following address: tgivon@oregon.uoregon.edu The address to post messages is: funknet@oregon.uoregon.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-456. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-457. Sun 13 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 149 Subject: 4.457 LINGUIST fund and fellowship Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 93 13:51:52 -0400 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: LINGUIST Development Fund (update) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 93 13:51:52 -0400 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: LINGUIST Development Fund (update) The LINGUIST Development Fund has reached $4754.00, thanks to the generosity of the people and organizations listed below. If contributions reach this level next year as well, we will be able to offer 2 "LINGUIST fellowships" for 1994-5, one at Eastern Michigan U. and one at Texas A&M, with full (EMU) or partial (Texas A&M) tuition waivers. So if any of you know of a capable student who might want to study linguistics at either university while working 10 hours a week on LINGUIST, please tell us about him/her. The student will get something close to full financial support, as well as networking and listserv experience and the opportunity to interact via e-mail with a variety of professional linguists. The universities, in return for their tuition waivers, will get a good grad student they might not otherwise have recruited. And LINGUIST subscribers will get the continuation of LINGUIST, as well as the additional support provided by more hands on the keys. So we think--hope--that the fund will benefit all of us; and, once again, we want to extend sincere thanks to everyone who has contributed. --Helen & Anthony ____________________________________________________________ The LINGUIST Development Fund Contributions are tax deductible and may be sent to: The EMU LINGUIST Development Fund c/o Dept. of English Language and Lit Eastern Michigan U. Ypsilanti, MI 48197 A written receipt will be sent you upon request. _____________________________________________________________ Supporters (under $50) Barbara Abbott Mark Aronoff Maher M. Awad Mark Balhorn Robert Beard Nancy Belmore Elabbas Benmamoun Deborah Berkley Garland Bills Donna Halperin Biasca Wayles Browne Joseph Brown Rosemary Buck Alan Cienki Linda K. Coleman Bernard Comrie Donna Cromer E. Dean Detrich Stanley Dubinsky Julia Falk Susan Fischer Michael Flynn Lawrence Foley Donald Frantz John Gilbert Frank Gladney W. T. Gordon Mark Hansell James Harris Kathryn Harris George & Mary Huttar Frances Ingemann Yoshiko Ito Jeff Kaplan Judith Klavans Laura Labonte-Smith William Labov Peter Ladefoged Elsa Lattey Daniel Le Flem J. P. Levinson John Limber Tim Montler Pam Munro & Allen Munro Geoff Nathan Mary Niepokuj Barbara Partee Susan Pintzuk Gary Prideaux Mario Saltarelli Makoto Shimizu Marian & Lloyd Shapley Nicholas Sobin Stephen Straight Shigeru Tsuchida Samuel Wang Rebecca Wheeler Ronnie B. Wilbur Wendy Wilkins Maggie Winter Elji Yamada Supporters' ($50 - $100) Anonymous William Dowling Alan C. Harris Karen Jensen Donna Peterson (w/ matching funds from MICROSOFT CORP.) Joe Salmons & Monica Macaulay Wlodek Zadrozny OHIO STATE U. LINGUISTICS DEPT. Supporters" ($100 or over) Vicki Fromkin Kazuto Matsumura Arnold Zwicky INCONTEXT CORPORATION (via Laura Labonte-Smith) JOHN BENJAMINS KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA MIT PRESS MOUTON de GRUYTER SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-457. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-458. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 388 Subject: 4.458 GB Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 17:17:28 SST From: Connor Ferris Subject: Re: 4.448 GB and non-GB 2) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 1993 09:38:03 +0200 From: Swann Philip Subject: 4.448 GB and non-GB 3) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 93 12:20:22 EDT From: sowa Subject: Re: Non-GB = non-person? 4) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 08:51:21 +0100 From: RichardHudson50 Subject: GB and not GB 5) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 16:39:40 +0200 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.d400.de Subject: GB and non-GB 6) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 08:53:22 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 4.448 GB and non-GB 7) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 16:39:40 +0200 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.d400.de Subject: GB and non-GB 8) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 08:53:22 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 4.448 GB and non-GB -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 17:17:28 SST From: Connor Ferris Subject: Re: 4.448 GB and non-GB Barbara Need's recent posting touches on some of the mainsprings of action and belief in any intellectual work. It doesn't take many years of reasonably honest observation to realise that even highly intelligent people (or perhaps that should be `even people who are highly competent at passing examinations') even in their own specialist fields are powerfully swayed by social and psychological motives and allegiances (which `ought' not to come into things, and would usually be disowned) and these largely govern how carefully and with what attitude they will consider views and suggestions, and more radically, what views and suggestions they will allow themselves to consider. Of course most academic subjects are nowadays complex enough that a practitioner can nearly always rest a rationalisation of her/his decision on the back of some sort of argument based on some sort of data from the field. Not that academic subjects contain more deviousness in this respect than most other human activities. But it is still strange that so many philosophers of science seem able to write at such length about idealisation *within* science, and give no hint at all that the exercise of science which they describe is itself an idealisation. The practical results of the covert influences (good work neglected, jobs not available, and so on) are tangible. Some may think it is worth putting up a little resistance. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 1993 09:38:03 +0200 From: Swann Philip Subject: 4.448 GB and non-GB Reading Barbara Need's comments I was reminded of the role that Freud played in the history of psychoanalysis. GB seems to me to be a nice notation/model/whatever that formalizes some aspects of grammar better than the Standard Theory, but GB qua GB is surely what Chomsky himself would describe as a "notational variant" of HPSG, CFG, LFG etc. Since we're dealing with pure competence at an abstract level, the choice of formal apparatus is largely a matter of taste constrained by what you are actually trying to achieve. To utilize GB as a test of people's ideological commitment to the possibility of a general theory of language is thus rather like using Freud's theory of sexuality as a test of their belief in a general theory of human development. Philip Swann University of Geneva -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 93 12:20:22 EDT From: sowa Subject: Re: Non-GB = non-person? A friend of mine, who asked not to be named, made the following observation: Any decent computer scientist can invent half a dozen new formalisms before breakfast. But in linguistics, only one person -- Noam Chomsky -- is allowed to invent formalisms. If anyone else dares to invent a new formalism, Chomsky promptly denounces it as a "notational variant" of one of his own. Since my friend tries to maintain good contacts with both GB and non-GB linguists, he didn't want to make this statement under his own name. But since I have been working primarily in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics, I am safely outside the range of Chomsky's hit squad. In fact, it is considered a badge of honor in AI to be denounced by Noam Chomsky. John Sowa -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 08:51:21 +0100 From: RichardHudson50 Subject: GB and not GB It's been interesting to hear about the lack of unity in GB, but as Barbara Need points out, the main point is in danger of getting lost. In fact, if anything the disagreements among users of GB underline the point. My original complaint was a personal one: I don't like being ignored when syntacticians are being counted; and Barbara adds another personal dimension, the difficulty that some excellent non-GB syntacticians have in getting jobs. Let me now introduce another complaint, which isn't personal but concerns the health of our subject. At a point where GB itself is divided on many fundamental issues, how safe is it to assume that GB is the only available starting point for the pursuit of truth? In a recent elementary survey article I counted 10 theories of syntax which could reasonably be described as "important" in some sense (and which didn't, incidentally, include my own theory!). The aims of these theories aren't in fact that different, so their current conclusions on particular issues are comparable; nor is it that difficult to get a rough understanding of them. So why not consider all these theories as a pool of ideas, like a gene pool, from which one can select? I know a theoretical pick-and-mix is potentially a theoretical mess, but then how many existing theories could not be described in some sense as a mess? It all depends, I suppose, on where you think we are in the history of linguistics. If you think the 36 years since 1957 are a long time, then you may think we've reached the fine-tuning stage where all the major issues have been settled. If on the other hand you think that we're still working on questions that the Greeks etc raised two thousand years ago, you may be more aware of our continuing uncertainties over fundamentals and feel it's premature to get too deeply into fine tuning. As I see them, our present view of theory in terms of labelled packages (e.g. GB) only make sense if we're into fine tuning. Dick Hudson Dept of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT (071) 387 7050 ext 3152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 16:39:40 +0200 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.d400.de Subject: GB and non-GB Of course agreement within the GB school is not "universal" in an absolute sense, but for syntacticians that find even the fundamental assumptions of GB questionable, it is quite amazing to what extent GBers manage to agree on highly specific assumptions and at the same time manage to virtually monopolize the field (I think Barbara Need's experience is quite typical). Maybe some morphologists who feel close to GB (like Andrew Spencer) have doubts about the role of "functional categories" in syntactic trees, but my observations tell me that now probably the majority of GBers (and especially students who are not burdened with years of their own research) assume that there is an AgrSP, a TP, an AgrOP (and more), and that what used to be "accusative Case assignment by the verb" is now "feature checking in Spec,AgrO". And instead of "at s-structure", more and more people now say "in overt syntax", following Chomsky 1992. (You can't notice this in articles like Wexler & Poeppel 1993 yet, because articles in Language take some time to appear and psycholinguists don't keep up with developments so fast.) Evidently, many people find it normal to teach Chomsky's latest assumptions to their students, and to change their own assumptions (or at least their terminology and notation) when Chomsky changes them. I've heard a noted GB syntactician say, "I just don't think of myself as important enough to have my own theory". The logic seems to be this: One has to have SOME framework, so in the default case one takes GB because of Chomsky's prestige, and increasingly syntacticians who think they are "important enough" are edged out of the field. (Note that GBers usually mean the Chomskyan school when they say "the field", e.g. T. Ernst in Language 69.1 (1993):150. Chomsky himself says in Knowledge of Language (p. 6-8) that generative grammar is not a theory that could be refuted, but a field of study--so you can ignore others who don't work in "the field".) I wonder if a similar situation exists in other disciplines. The only analog I can think of is psychoanalysis, where Freudians accepted (or accept) as given whatever Freud said. Martin Haspelmath -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 08:53:22 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 4.448 GB and non-GB Some recent postings about GB/non-GB syntax reflect a controvery which is probably going on continually: in various situations, settings, institutions, etc. I strongly believe in the useful of debate, but it seems to me that the controversy in question is often couched in terms which couldn't conceivably be beneficial to anyone: for one thing, I'm often not sure if the points raised are a comment on the sociology of the field, or it is indeed the case that some empirical, methodological or theoretical issue is at stake. Take the question of the post-Pollock proliferation of functional categories: I have my doubts about some aspects of this line of research, but surely no one can claim that the insights involved are trivial. I've often noticed that some people who are very critical of GB exhibit uncritical acceptance of some other framework, or some older (according to them worthier) formulation of the same set of issues. It's probably useful to remember that today's dogma may be yesterday's innovation, and that the process of scientific progress requires constant exploration and experimentation with new ideas. I don't really think there is actually such a thing as GB out there: the label loosely refers to a set of researchers who share some assumptions, and who are willing to try out some new possibilties collectively while remaining within some constraints agreed upon by them. There are other groups of researchers (for example those related to RG, various versions of PSG, etc.), who seem to be engaged in the same sort of activity, and I think most people (including the so-called GB linguists) would/should be happy that the field we belong to is pluralistic: so anyone who normally prefers to stick to a certain framework knows that not everything would be lost if the ideas forming the source of his adopted framework were to dry out completely. It obviously would be nicer if there was consensus on some of the basics, but that perhaps is going to happen as a result of natural evolution rather than by design. So my point is: let's carry on the work, but let's also keep talking to each other, that is if we can do so without getting involved in acrimonious debate. Obviously people can talk to each other only to the extent that they share a language, a set of assumptions, etc., yet usually any interaction based on a certain amount of objectivity and dispassionate thinking (to borrow one of Bertrand Russell's favourite expressions) is very fruitful; for my part, I wouldn't mind using some agreement features if doing so solved the problems I have to contend with; in fact, my recent work on Hindi-Urdu syntax indicates that perhaps using a Pollock-type framework for the analysis of Hindi-Urdu is a bit of an overkill. A major problem which any universalist framework must come to terms with is the following: to what extent is one justified in extrapolating from the analysis of one language to another: related languages typically contain subsets which are deceptively identical in some (many?) respects, and a closer look is usually likely to reveal significant differences in the underlying grammars. I think in some of the current linguistic theory the practice of generalizing from one language to another is indulged in rather too quickly. And mind you, problems of this sort occur in both GB and non-GB frameworks. To conclude, the moral (if there can be one) is that no framework can by itself guarantee that all of its practitioners will always produce work that is both theoretically interesting and faithful to the data. One can always hope that the two factors will converge, but in the absence of anything more definite than hope, all we can do is to tolerate diversity, assuming that tolerance will render it possible for the good ideas to surface, even if they are not noticed immediately (or at all) for a variety of reasons. Eventually, time is the best test of everything. Anjum Saleemi Linguistics Programme National University of Singapore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 16:39:40 +0200 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.d400.de Subject: GB and non-GB Of course agreement within the GB school is not "universal" in an absolute sense, but for syntacticians that find even the fundamental assumptions of GB questionable, it is quite amazing to what extent GBers manage to agree on highly specific assumptions and at the same time manage to virtually monopolize the field (I think Barbara Need's experience is quite typical). Maybe some morphologists who feel close to GB (like Andrew Spencer) have doubts about the role of "functional categories" in syntactic trees, but my observations tell me that now probably the majority of GBers (and especially students who are not burdened with years of their own research) assume that there is an AgrSP, a TP, an AgrOP (and more), and that what used to be "accusative Case assignment by the verb" is now "feature checking in Spec,AgrO". And instead of "at s-strcuture", more and more people now say "in overt syntax", following Chomsky 1992. (You can't notice this in articles like Wexler & Poeppel 1993 yet, because articles in Language take some time to appear and psycholinguists don't keep up with developments so fast.) Evidently, many people find it normal to teach Chomsky's latest assumptions to their students, and to change their own assumptions (or at least their terminology and notation) when Chomsky changes them. I've heard a noted GB syntactician say, "I just don't think of myself as important enough to have my own theory". The logic seems to be this: One has to have SOME framework, so in the default case one takes GB because of Chomsky's prestige, and increasingly syntacticians who think they are "important enough" are edged out of the field. (Note that GBers usually mean the Chomskyan school when they say "the field", e.g. T. Ernst in Language 69.1 (1993):150. Chomsky himself says in Knowledge of Language (p. 6-8) that generative grammar is not a theory that could be refuted, but a field of study--so you can ignore others who don't work in "the field".) I wonder if a similar situation exists in other disciplines. The only analog I can think of is psychoanalysis, where Freudians accepted (or accept) as given whatever Freud said. Martin Haspelmath -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 08:53:22 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 4.448 GB and non-GB Some recent postings about GB/non-GB syntax reflect a controvery which is probably going on continually: in various situations, settings, institutions, etc. I strongly believe in the useful of debate, but it seems to me that the controversy in question is often couched in terms which couldn't conceivably be beneficial to anyone: for one thing, I'm often not sure if the points raised are a comment on the sociology of the field, or it is indeed the case that some empirical, methodological or theoretical issue is at stake. Take the question of the post-Pollock proliferation of functional categories: I have my doubts about some aspects of this line of research, but surely no one can claim that the insights involved are trivial. I've often noticed that some people who are very critical of GB exhibit uncritical acceptance of some other framework, or some older (according to them worthier) formulation of the same set of issues. It's probably useful to remember that today's dogma may be yesterday's innovation, and that the process of scientific progress requires constant exploration and experimentation with new ideas. I don't really think there is actually such a thing as GB out there: the label loosely refers to a set of researchers who share some assumptions, and who are willing to try out some new possibilties collectively while remaining within some constraints agreed upon by them. There are other groups of researchers (for example those related to RG, various versions of PSG, etc.), who seem to be engaged in the same sort of activity, and I think most people (including the so-called GB linguists) would/should be happy that the field we belong to is pluralistic: so anyone who normally prefers to stick to a certain framework knows that not everything would be lost if the ideas forming the source of his adopted framework were to dry out completely. It obviously would be nicer if there was consensus on some of the basics, but that perhaps is going to happen as a result of natural evolution rather than by design. So my point is: let's carry on the work, but let's also keep talking to each other, that is if we can do so without getting involved in acrimonious debate. Obviously people can talk to each other only to the extent that they share a language, a set of assumptions, etc., yet usually any interaction based on a certain amount of objectivity and dispassionate thinking (to borrow one of Bertrand Russell's favourite expressions) is very fruitful; for my part, I wouldn't mind using some agreement features if doing so solved the problems I have to contend with; in fact, my recent work on Hindi-Urdu syntax indicates that perhaps using a Pollock-type framework for the analysis of Hindi-Urdu is a bit of an overkill. A major problem which any universalist framework must come to terms with is the following: to what extent is one justified in extrapolating from the analysis of one language to another: related languages typically contain subsets which are deceptively identical in some (many?) respects, and a closer look is usually likely to reveal significant differences in the underlying grammars. I think in some of the current linguistic theory the practice of generalizing from one language to another is indulged in rather too quickly. And mind you, problems of this sort occur in both GB and non-GB frameworks. To conclude, the moral (if there can be one) is that no framework can by itself guarantee that all of its practitioners will always produce work that is both theoretically interesting and faithful to the data. One can always hope that the two factors will converge, but in the absence of anything more definite than hope, all we can do is to tolerate diversity, assuming that tolerance will render it possible for the good ideas to surface, even if they are not noticed immediately (or at all) for a variety of reasons. Eventually, time is the best test of everything. Anjum Saleemi Linguistics Programme National University of Singapore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-458. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-459. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 380 Subject: 4.459 Sum: Farang Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 17:2p3:47 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Repiles: How widespread is "farang"? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 17:2p3:47 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Repiles: How widespread is "farang"? Dear fellow linguists, I had a very quick response to my query about 'farang' and related terms. My query on May 26 was: >The last couple of weeks have seen an interesting discussion on >soc.culture.thai USENET newsgroup about the origin of the word "farang" >(Caucasian, Westerner) prompted by an observation by Ahmed F. Hosny on May 17. > On Mon, 17 May 1993, Ahmed F. Hosny wrote: > > > > Just an observation on the similarity of some words in different languages. > > In arabic (in Egypt and in some North African countries) "Afrangui" also > > means a foreigner of obvious western appearance. [...] > > I wonder if "farang" and "afrangui" derive from the same or similar > > source or is it just a coincidence? > > Serge Thion. 1993. "On Some Cambodian Words." Australian National >University Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter. Canberra: Research School of >Pacific Studies. Number 20, March 1993, 18-23. In this paper Thion traces the >word back to the Germanic 'Franks'. The word spread through Muslim trade >routes after the Crusades into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. [...] > >Another source is Jimmy Harris. 1986. "The Persian connection: Four loanwords >in Siamese." Pasaa Vol.XVI, No.1 (June 1986). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn >University Language Institute, 9-12. This paper traces the probable immediate >source of the word in Thai to Persian traders who were established in Siam by >the 16th century. The Persian word was 'farangg'. > > We would like to know how far widespread this word is in Southeast Asia (eg., >Malaysia, Indonesia, etc; whether it occurs in other Austroasiatic and >Sino-Tibetan languages) and other regions (eg., Arab nations, Africa, the >Pacific?). Also, is the origin of these other words in these languages 'Frank' >or 'franc,ais'? ----------------------------------- The replies follow. I have taken the liberty of commenting here in the hope of eliciting a wider response. On Wed, 26 May 1993 "Donn Bayard, Anthropology, Otago" wrote: > [...] Finally, /fala`ng/: it was very good to read somebody else's view >who has arrived at exactly the same conclusion independently. Yep: as far >as I can tell, /fala`ng/ came from Indic, and I'd guess Persian "feringhi" >(cf. "cabbage" [ka-la`m]: the Farsi word is "galam"; or the common term [at >least as used by Farang back a few centuries ago] "Shahbandar"). It could >have well come in in Ayutthaya times, when there were a lot of Persians >running around. And yes, I'd guess it goes back to European, pre-Crusades >roots; I doubt very much it's Proto-Indo-Iranian!! Just briefly, I'd guess >paalagi/papalangi/vaalagi/papa-'aa ("four layers"--Rarotongan)/ paakehaa are >simply a coincidence, although I do think there is more than a fair bit of >truth to Benedict's Austro-Tai hypothesis. [...] On Tue, 1 Jun 93 Jorge Hankamer wrote: >I have no idea if it's related, but the Samoan word for caucasian foreigner >is "palangi". >Jorge Hankamer >hank@ling.ucsc.edu >From my childhood in a mainly Polynesian neighbourhood in Auckland, New Zealand, I was familiar with this word. It had become widespread and was not used only by the Samoan community. The similarity with the Thai word 'farang' immediately caught my attention when I first came to Thailand. Perhaps it is chance that this word in Samoan is so similar in form and meaning to the word in so many different locations. I still have my suspicions: it is too freakish a coincidence to be chance. I would think it was very unusual for such a complex form ( three syllables CVCVC(V)) to coincide by chance. Does anyone know the origin of the form "palangi" in Samoan and/or other Polynesian languages? On Tue, 1 Jun 1993 Stavros Macrakis wrote: >"Frank" was for a long time the standard term for western Europeans in >the Mediterranean. I believe it dates to the Crusades. Greeks used >and use it to mean the Latins (Catholics) as opposed the Orthodox. >The "g" pronunciation of "k" is a standard phenomenon in Greek and >other languages in the context n-g. The "i" of "ifrangi" is a >standard phenomenon in Turkish and Arabic, which don't like such >initial clusters. Cf. my name (Stavros), which comes out as Istavros >in Arabic or Turkish. Note also that some Arabic dialects have "g" >(notably Egyptian) for standard "j". > >I don't know why anyone would trace it to "francais", which is after >all phonetically "franse" and has no "g" sound at all. Or does Thai >have a rule s->g .... :-) It is interesting to get more information on the term in the "Far West". I'm sorry, my transcription was not transparent. The 'ng' in 'farang' is a velar nasal. Interestingly, Thais often perceive French nasal 'a' [a~], as in 'an' "year", as [ang], where 'ng' is a velar nasal. In addition, Thais typically drop the final 's' as it is not a final sound in Thai. Finally, [r] in clusters is typically dropped. Hence, 'France' may be pronounced as [fOOng]. It was these phonological processes of borrowing in Thai that initially made me curious about the origin of 'farang' in Thai. The belief in Thailand that 'farang' comes from 'franc,ais' is pure folk etymology. On Tue, 1 Jun 1993 Harold Schiffman wrote: >I'm glad you're asking this question, because I became interested in it >when I was in Thailand and other SEAsian places last January. As a >Dravidianist familiar with the word Farengi, farangi, pirangi (Tamil >version) etc. in India, I have always been told it derived from Frank by >way of Arabic and/or other middleastern languages; the source of Francais >or French or whatever would be too recent. As I moved around the region I >found the various things you've mentioned in VN, Cambodian,e tc. In >Indonesian etc. they have orang asin, and don't seem to know >farang/firangi etc. which I find strange; I wonder myself if any other >Indonesian languages have it instead of orang asin or equivalent. I'd like >to hear what kind of answers you get. >H. Schiffman Good, authoritative confirmation in Dravidian. Well, Austronesianists? Is there a term something like 'farang' in Indonesia, oe elsewhere? If 'palangi' in Samoan is not chance resemblance, then there should be a bridge from Asia to Polynesia. What were the trade connections? On Tue, 1 Jun 1993 Jim Jewett wrote: >Isn't francais from frank? Or are you trying to find the path it took? 'Yes' to both questions. Any further info on the path it took? On Wed, 02 Jun "John E. Koontz" wrote: >I have no formal knowledge of the extent of ferenghi and related terms (i.e., >none based on the literature), but I had been told by Scott DeLancey that it >was found in Thailand, and I knew it was also in India and the Middle East. >I have assumed that it derives from Frank, rendered into Arabic and spread >then through Muslim networks. It plainly isn't a very good phonetic match >for franc,ais, but, on the other hand, franc,ais is just Frank run through >the process of developing modern French out of Pre-French. The French are >(terminologically, at least) the modern Franks. IMO the path of the term from Europe to Asia through Muslim networks is now pretty clear, if not the exact details and time frame. If anyone wishes to see the two sources that I mentioned in my original query, they are available from me. On Wed, 2 Jun 1993 Hartmut Haberland wrote: >I don't know if this is relevant, but in Greek, there is still the concept auf >'Frank' (frangos) used for Westerners in general (no particular reference to >Frenchman). I have heard that this goes back to the crusaders. The prefix >frango- can refer to various 'Western' things; Frangosirianos is the term for >a Catholic inhabitant of Syros (Sira), the main island of the Cyclades, and >frangovlakhika is a (certainly) new term for using Latin letters for Greek in >e-mail (vlakhika is actually the name of a minority language in Greece, also >known as Aromounian, but it also can mean 'boorish', 'uneducated', and here >probably 'gibberish, goobledegook'). >In older slang the Greeks used to refer to the drakhma (coin) as 'ena frango', >which some people think is related to this use of 'frangos', wheras I think it >because Greece used to be in a monetary union with Switzerland, France and >Bellgiumn which (at that time) meant that one drakhma was exactly the same >value as one (French, Swiss, Belgian) Franc. >Hartmut Haberland The term in Thai is also used productively in compounds to denote "western" things, eg., "man farang" is "potato". On Wed, 2 Jun 93 cwiltshire@rosedale.org wrote: >I was interested in your posting on "farang" and similar words for foreigner. >I've heard the word "farangi" in Malayalam, with the explanation that it was >borrowed from the Portuguese who visited in the 16th century. > >They also have ferengi on Star Trek! >Caroline Wiltshire I'm afraid I don't know anything about Malayalam. Where is it spoken? I have yet to find a corresponding term in Malaysia, etc. And could you provide more details on the meaning of "farangi" in Malayalam? On Wed, 2 Jun 1993 Paganuzzi Vivian wrote: >I hurriedly read your request for info in one of my messages yesterday and >thought it was an interesting conjecture, then in the evening I read a review >of a book on the middle ages -- The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonisation >and CulturalChange 950-1350, by Robert Bartlett -- in the Guardian, and came >across this > >"By the later Middle Ages, 80% of Europe's kings and queens were French >and the term "Frank" had become synonymous with "aggressive westerner". > >This had never occurred to me before. Just shows one can learn from these >lists! > >Wyt ti yn siarad Cymraeg, gyda llaw? Cymro o Borthmadog ydw i. > >cofion "Aggressive westerner"? I think when I post this off to soc.culture.thai USENET newsgroup there are going to be a lot of grins, because that is not far from the current perception in Thailand. :-) I think the last sentence is Welsh. It is my greatest regret that I have lost all my Welsh. I guess you can say I lost my mother language by the time I was 5 years. Only my name and family pride remain. Wed, 2 Jun 93 Mohammed Sawaie wrote: >While I don't know the extent of the spread of the word farang in >SA languages (of which I know none), I can speak of the arabic >word ifranji or franji in the dialcts. Most authorities >attribute this word to the crusaders' times-- the franks, >presumably, all crusaders came from the frankish areas in souther >n parts of Europe. thus, frank bcame frang which was arabicized >as ifranj and the adj ifranji connating Western, alien, always >western-- if that is what you mean by caucasian. The peoples aer >al-ifranj and so on. The usage is widespread in the middle east >and north africa. presumably, th e persian language borrowed >this word from arabic as the latter came in contact with the >crusaders directly and they had to name this intruders, or their >languages and countries, etc. How about traders from Oman and >Yemen perhaps carrying this designation with them as they >seafared in the SA seas? >I hope this helps Wed, 2 Jun 93 zbarlev@sciences.sdsu.edu wrote: >my belief is that /farang/ in most or all of the cases cited comes from Arabic >/faranji/, Egyptian pron. /farangi/, meaning "European" (in a sort of racial >sense). > >the word probably goes back to "Frank" Q which is the original for "French, >franc,ais," etc. anyway. > >but the spread from Arabic to Persian, Hindi/Urdu, and even further, along >with Islam (but also beyond) Islam), is not surprising. E.g. /ketaab/ "book" >from Arabic is used in Hindi as well as Urdu. Indonesian and Malaysia are no >surprise: many words from Arabic can be found there. > >Thai surprises me a little more, but only a little, esp. given the Persian >traders. Persian is a major borrower of Arabic. On Wed, 02 Jun 93 Adel EL ZAIM wrote: >Salut, >A propos du mot FRANJI, j'aurai un avis mais en francais. >Etant arabophone, je sais que le mot IFRANJI (nom masculin singulier, IFRANJ ou > IFRANJIYINE au pluriel) est tres repandu en arabe. Il est probablement entre >en langue araben langue arabe d'apres le mot FRANvalents en langues europeennes >apres les Croisades, puisque dans les ecrits de l'epoque et apres cela le mot >designait surtout les croises. Dans les ecrits de commentaire religieux et dans >certains livres d'histoire le mot revient souvent. >D'autre part, on peut penser que le mot IFRANJI est entre dans les langues d' >Indonesie et de la Malaysie avec l'Islam et la langue arabe, ces pays etant >en partie islamiques et ayant surement connu des livres arabes sur l'histoire >islamique. >En arabe libanais contemporain, le mot est courament utilise pour designer les >langues et personnes occidentales (!!). Merci beaucoup. C'est tres interessant que de nos jours ce mot est utilise en plusieurs pays de pays arabens a pays asiens. Qui peut dire que ce mot se passe en Malaysie et en Indonesie? (apologies for my rusty French!) Wed, 02 Jun 1993 Robert D Hoberman wrote: >Modern Standard Arabic has the word ifranji (pl., more precisely collective) >ifranj 'European', and firanja 'Land of the Franks, Europe', so the word is >available to all modern Arabs, even if perhaps not current in the colloquial of >some areas. It also exists in medieval Classical Arabic in the same forms, so >it was available to all Muslims. It is said, in Arabic dictionaries, to have >come from a Persian meaning "The French; all Europeans". I don't know Persian, >but in a dictionary of modern Persian the forms afrang, faranj, ferang, ferangi >are listed, with the meaning 'a Frank, European', and farangestAn 'Europe' >(A=back, slightly rounded [a]; lower case "a" is fronted, as in English "cat"). >A dictionary of Syriac, the classical Aramaic (Semitic) language used in some >Middle Eastern Christian churches, lists frang 'a European' and frangiya 'The >Country of the Franks; Western Europe; Latin language or church". > >As for the precise form of the Arabic word: Classical Arabic has no [g] sound. >The closest equivalent was probably a voiced palatal stop, which I represented >above as "j" and which is nowadays a voiced alveopalatal affricate in the most >widespread (and the normative) pronunciation. Medieval borrowings into Arabic >from languages with [g] often show up as Arabic "j". Moreoever Arabic has no >initial consonant clusters, hence the variation ifranj/firanj. > >Since Classical Arabic and Syriac date from the Middle Ages--their most >productive periods were about 600-1200 AD for Arabic and second to seventh >centuries for Syriac, I think it's safe to say that the word is not from any >such modern form as franc,ais but something much more like frank. > >The immediate source of the Arabic could have been Persian, as the dictionaries >suggest, but the Persians weren't in any closer contact with Western Europeans >than the Arabs were--less. On the other hand, the Syriac Christians, located >in and near the Byzantine Empire, were. So I would guess the Arabs got it from >Syriac. Why Syriac has [g] rather than [k] in this word I have no idea. On Thu, 03 Jun 93 ca2 wrote: >I have very limited knowledge of Bahasa Indonesia. However, I noted your >discussion of terms for _foreigner_ and am struck by the fact that _barang_, >especially when reduplicated, means _goods_, _stuff_, _things_ such as might >be brought by traders. > >Carolyn Now that's an interesting shift of meaning. Again, does anyone have more from Indonesian or further south/east? On Tue, 1 Jun 93 Paul T Kershaw wrote: >Mebbe these are my stupid American ears doing the listening, but all of these >sound more like "foreign" than "franc,ais". Has this been batted about? I >might offer as argument the striking similarity between all these words and the >Ferenghi critters in Star Trek: The Next Generation (In case you don't get >ST:TNG out there, the Ferenghi are four feet tall with basically hominid bodies >but severely distorted faces: about as foreign as you get). I mention the >Ferenghi because the phonological similarity is there, but I doubt Gene >Roddenberry had had much exposure to Asian terms for outsiders. On Wed, 02 Jun 93 Stephen P Spackman wrote: >I suspect that in reality this word derives from "ferengi" (sp?), a word >used on the newer Star Trek shows for certain extraterrestrials with big >ears. It probably first reached our planet in central america - rather >than going and doing the research necessary to establish this, however, >I'd just like to point to the statistically significant number of >american languages (and, indeed, others) which use words with f, v, p, >s, t or n followed (or preceded) by an r, l, n, m or ng, sometimes even >with an a, e or i in the word - to refer to such closely related >concepts as "person", "foreigner", "animal", "object", "face", "hand", >"laser pistol", "trade goods", "deity", "strange occurrence", or "means >of transportation" - or supersets or subsets of these notions. Including >inflections and transcription errors, over 90% of languages appear to >fall in this grouping! Surely it can't be a coincidence! > >Now *that's* widespread! > >(-: Sorry. Hope you get some *useful* responses as well ;-). Actually, maybe useful! These two have had me thinking. Are not the languages in Star Trek based, at least in part, on real languages? (mainly European? or was that Star Wars?). While the term 'Ferenghi' in Star Trek would not have come from Asia, it may have its source in a real language(s) in Europe. Would the Ferenghi happen to be traders? There is a linguistic consultant for Star Trek, right? What is the immediate source for the term in Star Trek? Can someone follow this up, maybe with the Star Trek newsgroup? Many thanks to all those who have replied so far in this international word hunt. I would welcome any further comments, especially from Asian linguists. Gwyn Williams Linguistics Department Thammasat University Bangkok -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-459. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-460. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 99 Subject: 4.460 Sum: Case Uniqueness in Arabic Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 12 Jun 93 16:48:09 -0400 From: bg112@cleveland.freenet.edu (Haidar A. Moukdad) Subject: Sum: Case Uniqueness in Arabic -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 12 Jun 93 16:48:09 -0400 From: bg112@cleveland.freenet.edu (Haidar A. Moukdad) Subject: Sum: Case Uniqueness in Arabic I posted several days ago to Linguist asking for references to the Case Uniqueness Hypothesis, and for the difference between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic. The responses I have received are the following: *************** Hi, You might find some interesting information in Everhard Ditters, A Formal Approach to Arabic Syntax, the Noun Phrase and the Verb Phrase, Ph.D. Thesis, Catholic University Nijmegen, the Netherlands, 1992. Dr Ditters can be contacted directly through e-mail at U279300@HNYKUN11.bitnet Hope this helps, **************** I saw your query in the LINGUIST list. I know of one excellent study of syntactic differences between the MSA of writers who began their careers before the second World War and younger writers. The lagnguage of the former group is much more Classical, so the study may answer your needs. It is: Rammuny, Raji M. 1978. Functional and semantic developments in negation as used in Modern Literary Arabic prose after World War II. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 37.245-264. If you are interested in oral use of MSA, there are two interesting dissertations: Schulz, David Eugene. 1981. Diglossia and variation in formal spoken Arabic in Egypt. Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Wisconsin--Madison. Hussein, Riad Fayez Issa. 1980. The case for triglossia in Arabic (with special emphasis on Jordan). Ph.D. diss., SUNY at Buffalo. ******************** most sources compare various dialects, with only more or less incidental comparison with MSA as such. but various books by DeLacy O'Leary, ranging from fairly scholarly to fairly popular, will be helpful to you. ******************** I'd be very interested to hear what response you get. I've never heard it referred to as a hypothesis before. There is a formulation of a principle of Case Uniqueness in my 1992 syntax text (MIT)--is this what you had in mind? My impression is that such a principle was at least tacitly assumed in the earliest work on Case theory (note that Chomsky's "On Binding" was written in 1978, though it wasn't published until 1980). As far as I know, no one stated it explicitly--though I thought I had read an MIT dissertation circa 1981 that proposed a Case principle corresponding to the Theta Criterion (i.e. every NP receives one and only one Case; and each Case is assigned to one and only one NP). However, my search though the obvious candidates and discussion with colleagues who were at MIT at the time have failed to locate it. Note that the "Case Criterion" involves Case Uniqueness in two directions: an NP cannot be assigned more than one Case and a particular Case cannot be assigned to more than one NP. ********************* Thanks to all who replied. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-460. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-461. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 181 Subject: 4.461 Sum: V-AGR Merger & Methodology Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 21:13:55 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Sum: V-AGR Merger & Methodology -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 21:13:55 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Sum: V-AGR Merger & Methodology I posted a query in LINGUIST 4-405 concerning the falsifiability of Pollock's hypothesis that the direction of V-AGR Merger (whether V ascends to AGR or AGR descends to V) is typologically related to 'richness' of subject-agreement marking, 'richness' being (by assumption) defined in morphophonological terms, i.e., number of different inflectional forms corresponding to distinct person-number categories. First of all, to all the people who asked for copies of unpublished papers that i cited in my query, your copies will be in the mail by the time you read this. A few people referred me to a handful of works offering arguments against the counterevidence i had mentioned vis-a-vis Italian and Scandinavian. To them i say Thank you, and i have tracked down these items and will be reading them very critically over the next few weeks or so. No-one seems to be proposing an alternative analysis of the Kru languages, however, according to which these languages, which have no subject-agreement marking, actually have AGR-lowering contrary to Koopman's analysis. Michal Starke says, >'the problems with the correlation between verbal morphology, >verb-movement, and null subjects are discussed at length in the >literature ... Many different examples, counter-examples, >counter-counter-examples exist and are discussed,' but actual references for this discussion are so far not forthcoming. Bernhard Rohrbacher posted a response to the net (LINGUIST 4-407); i summarize here his comments and the response i sent to him. He suggested that subject-agreement marking might be richer in some French conjugation classes than in others; i agreed that there was some variation, but not enough to make subject-agreement marking *sound* impressively richer in French than in English. He noted that it has been suggested that the obligatory use of nominative-case pronominal proclitics in some colloquial French usages is developing into a new, richer subject-agreement marking system. I granted that the hypothesis has been suggested (as long as as Tesniere, i believe), but that (1) 'it has been pooh-poohed by some Gallicists of my acquaintance' and (2) if it is true 'it is true only of certain colloquial registers, >while Pollock's arguments are based on formal standard French, for >which the near-obligatory use of subject pronominal clitics is not >characteristic. I question to what extent a fact about one dialect or >register can be related as a diagnostic to a fact about another, for >which the proposed diagnostic is not actually a fact.' Rohrbacher also implied in his posting that loss of the V-AGR raising option in English followed hard and fast upon the loss of most of the subject-agreement marking in that language. In my response, i said, >'my evidence indicates that, while most of English subject-agreement >marking had been lost by early in the 15th century, V-AGR raising by >Pollock's diagnostics was still a viable option 200 years later. Hence >my remark that, if Pollock is right, then several generations of >English people were violating the ECP. More to the point, if PPA had >evolved in the reign of Elizabeth I rather than Elizabeth II, would >anyone have been able to conceive of Pollock's hypothesis? Is the >coincidence of AGR-lowering with poverty of subject-agreement marking >merely a coincidence, a peculiar artifact of late-second millenium >English? Or was English somehow *compelled*, after losing most of its >subject-agreement marking, to lose the V-AGR raising option as well? --even if it took several generations to do it?-- >Are the Kru languages doomed to lose all V2 phenomena because they've >lost all subject-agreement marking? (Did they ever have any?) If not, >then what predictive value does Pollock's hypothesis have? Leslie Barrett acknowledged that, as Pollock's hypothesis makes some empirical claims, it should be subject to testing, but argued that 'the burden of proof may not rest with him'. In response, i agreed >that a scientist has a right to come up with a hypothesis in any >feasible fashion, at any point in hanns investigation, and if the >hypothesis promises rich theoretical dividends it may even be hanns >duty to publicize it without loss of time. ... However, once a >hypothesis, however promising, has been conceived, i believe in general >the very next step in scientific inquiry should be the definition of >possible counterexamples and the quest for same. I do not blame >Pollock for having formulated his hypothesis and broadcasting it at >various conferences. But i am inclined to hold Linguistic Inquiry and >its reviewers liable for having published his paper without first >confronting him with the (at least apparent) counterexamples in >Koopman's analyses of verbal syntax in the Kru languages and Hyams' of >Italian. These were readily available in the literature at the time. >And i am very concerned at the behaviour of a large number of >syntacticians since Pollock published his paper. Instead of defining >possible counterexamples to his hypothesis and searching for them, they >have apparently been so impressed with the theoretical dividends >promised by it that they have simply incorporated it into their >theoretical apparatus and proceeded to work on the assumption that, >e.g., if a language has rich subject-agreement marking it *must* ipso >facto have V-AGR raising, and any evidence to the contrary must be >somehow explained away ... even if contortionist analyses are >necessary, rather than allowing Pollock's hypothesis to be judged on >the basis of hard cross-linguistic data. I fear a tendency to treat >'exotic' languages (in this case, any languages outside the >Northwest-European Sprachbund) the way late mediaeval professors of >medicine treated corpses in their dissection theatres, rejecting out of >hand those that 'presumed' to contradict Galen. >A case in point. Rivero 1990 ('The Location of Nonactive Voice in >Albanian and Modern Greek', Linguistic Inquiry 21:135-146) presents an >analysis of verbal inflections in Modern Greek and Albanian consistent >with Pollock's hypothesis, which looks plausible if one doesn't have >much background in classical or comparative Indo-European studies. As >Joseph & Smirniotopoulos 1993 ('The Morphosyntax of the Modern Greek >Verb as Morphology and Not Syntax', Linguistic Inquiry 24:388-398) >demonstrate, however, a good grounding in the details of Greek grammar >easily demolishes Rivero's analysis. Would Rivero's analysis have been >conceived without the publication of Pollock's paper and the resulting >tendency to make of his hypothesis a Procrustean bed? I am inclined to >regard work such as Rivero's as more obscurantist than enlightening. (because in their publication they obscure the true nature of the languages in question, and in their need to be refuted they may take time away from research which might itself be more enlightening. Joseph and Smirniotopoulous were not bringing to bear any new facts, but facts that have been available for a long time in commonly-available literature but whose relevance was apparently overlooked by a number of syntactic theorists.) I have Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy to thank for these examples. Carstairs-McCarthy looks at this issue from a morphologist's point of view, from which the whole approach implicit in Pollock's hypothesis seems 'morphologically naive'. More generally, he remarks, >I think part of the trouble is that many linguists assume that, if one >has a theoretical approach which severely restricts the range of >analyses which can be offered for a given set of data, one has ipso >facto made progress and said something with empirical relevance --even if maintenance of said theoretical approach requires contortionist reanalyses of other data than create more problems than they solve. It is to some extent the problem of the 'beautiful theory threatened by an ugly fact'. In conclusion, i would note that one of the big questions i tried to raise in my query is still going begging: What would constitute a hard counterexample to Pollock's hypothesis, one which the most dedicated supporter of the putative typological link between richness of subject-agreement marking and direction of V-AGR merger would acknowledge seriously compromised it? Is Pollock's hypothesis falsifiable? I want to pursue the issue further, but i want a general agreement on what sort of data i (and anyone else who has in mind to challenge Pollock's hypothesis) should be looking for. I am not keen on spending several months tracking down data that seems to me to undermine it, only to be told when i try to present it that it is quite irrelevant. ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele c/o Department of Linguistics 712 West Washington Ave. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Street 217-344-8240 Urbana, IL 61801 fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-461. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-462. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 111 Subject: 4.462 Sum: Internet Connections Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 21:53:41 EDT From: pintzuk@babel.ling.upenn.edu (Susan Pintzuk) Subject: Summary: Internet Connections -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 21:53:41 EDT From: pintzuk@babel.ling.upenn.edu (Susan Pintzuk) Subject: Summary: Internet Connections Several weeks ago I posted a query about public access to the Internet: I wanted to make a local telephone call in Brooklyn and connect to a computer in Philadelphia. I got a lot of responses, too many to acknowledge individually here -- thanks to all of you who sent me information. It has taken me a long time to post this summary because I wanted to investigate all of the suggestions I received. Some people asked why I couldn't use Telnet to connect to Philadelphia directly from my computer at New York University. I should have stated in the original query that I wanted to find a connection that did not go through NYU. I had hoped, of course, to find a free connection to the Internet. Unfortunately, this does not exist, at least not in New York. However, there do exist a number of service providers that operate in different regions of the United States at reasonable fees, perhaps as low as $100 per year; the fees of course vary, depending upon where you live, what services you want, and how much connect time you need. Lists of service providers are available by USENET, e-mail, and anonymous FTP, so I will not include the names of any individual service providers in this summary. Instead, I give below instructions for obtaining four different lists; the four lists overlap, but they all contain information not found in the others. If anyone would like a list of service providers in the New York City area, please contact me directly. 1. PDIAL (The Public Dialup Internet Access List) a. USENET: PDIAL is posted regularly to alt.internet.access.wanted, alt.bbs.lists, ba.internet, and news.answers b. E-mail: To receive the current edition of PDIAL, send e-mail to info-deli-server@netcom.com, with the subject "send PDIAL" c. Anonymous FTP archive sites: 1. Information Deli FTP site: ftp.netcom.com [192.100.81.100] /pub/info-deli/public-access/pdial 2. As part of a collection of public access lists: vfl.paramax.com [128.126.220.104] /pub/pubnet/pdial 3. From the Merit Network Information Center Internet information archive: nic.merit.edu [35.1.1.48] /internet/pdial 4. As part of an Internet access compilation file: liberty.uc.wlu.edu [137.113.10.35] /pub/lawlib/internet.access 5. As part of the news.answers FAQ archive: pit-manager.mit.edu [18.172.1.27] /pub/usenet/news.answers/pdial 2. NixPub (Public/Open Access UNIX Sites): a. USENET: NixPub is posted regularly to comp.misc, comp.bbs.misc, alt.bbs b. E-mail: To subscribe to the nixpub-list electronic mailing list, send e-mail to mail-server@bts.com, with the body of the message containing "subscribe nixpub-list [your name]" c. Anonymous FTP archive sites: vfl.paramax.com [128.126.220.104] /pub/pubnet/nixpub.long /pub/pubnet/nixpub.short 3. NNSC (NSF Network Service Center): Send e-mail to info-server@nnsc.nsf.net, with the body of the message as follows: request: nsfnet topic: referral-list topic: other-providers topic: help request: end 4. SRI Network Information Systems Center: Chapter 4 of the book Internet: Getting Started. Anonymous FTP to ftp.nisc.sri.com /netinfo/internet-access-providers-us.txt /netinfo/internet-access-providers-non-us.txt I also found the following references quite useful, for general background on Internet and on Internet connections: Dern, Daniel P. 1992. Plugging into the Internet. Byte, October 1992. Pp. 149-156. Krol, Ed. 1992. The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalogue. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates. Susan Pintzuk pintzuk@babel.ling.upenn.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-462. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-463. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 87 Subject: 4.463 Sum: Latin -que Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 14 JUN 93 19:05:15 From: H00025@sinet.ad.jp Subject: Latin -que summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 14 JUN 93 19:05:15 From: H00025@sinet.ad.jp Subject: Latin -que summary Thanks to Brett Kessler, Anna Morpurgo Davies, Linguini, Leo Connolly, and Nancy Frishberg for responding to my query about the Latin conjunction clitic -que. It appears that, as one might expect, prescriptive and descriptive grammar part ways. Here are the responses: >From: Brett Kessler & In response to your note in Linguist: it can go either way, i.e., on all the elements but the first, or only on the last. In poetry, it could even be added to the first element as well. The Oxford Latin Dictionary gives the following examples from Cicero: & [fratris uxorem] [speratosque liberos] [fratremque ipsum] & [pacem], [tranquillitatem], [otium] [concordiamque] adferat & And Ovid has (although these aren't NPs): & per me, quod [eritque] [fuitque] [estque], patet. & I don't think any of these is particularly rare. I don't know if there are any non-rhetorical factors influencing the choice, e.g., whether branching NPs are more likely to have explicit connectives. & Brett Kessler & I was taught that in Latin you say X Yque Zque but in fact X,Y,Zque is also possible. To find examples the easiest way is to look at the Oxford Latin Dictionary s.v. que 2 a and 2b, where you get Cicero's evidence & >From Anna Morpurgo Davies ( morpurgo@vax.ox.ac.uk) & I was taught that in Latin you say X Yque Zque but in fact X,Y,Zque is also possible. To find examples the easiest way is to look at the Oxford Latin Dictionary s.v. que 2 a and 2b, where you get Cicero's evidence & >From: Linguini in Classical Latin, -que always attaches to the last unit to be added. that is, for three NP, you would have: & NP NP NPque & however, things may have been a little different in Old Latin. & >From Leo Connolly: If I remember correctly, Latin -que cannot be used to connect more than two items (which, by the way, need not be NPs). This is an inherited trait, I think; again, if memory serves, the same is true of Sanskrit -ca. & But -que is not the usual Latin equivalent of 'and'. More commonly we find _et_, as well as forms like _necnon_. _Et_ is subject to no restrictions on the number of times used; it is placed between the items joined. _Necnon_ is a favored second 'and' in Late Latin, i.e. one to use after an _et_ or two. & I hope that's right. I teach German, not Latin, for a living. & (Nancy Frishberg's response was essentially the same as part of Connolly's). Thanks, all! Susan Fischer -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-463. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-464. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 114 Subject: 4.464 Qs: Acronyms, doubles, teaching evaluations, case agreement Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 1993 16:12:08 -0400 (EDT) From: Deborah Tannen Subject: Query: acronyms 2) Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 13:48:39 -0400 From: bfraser@acs.bu.edu (Bruce Fraser) Subject: Doubles 3) Date: Sat, 12 Jun 93 14:01:54 EDT From: Janet Bing Subject: teacher evaluations 4) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 11:22:22 +0200 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at Subject: query: case agreement -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 1993 16:12:08 -0400 (EDT) From: Deborah Tannen Subject: Query: acronyms Does anyone know of any work done on the phenomenon of using initials to identify publications, organizations, etc. I have been asked by a journalist whom I respect and trust -- he has noticed, for example, that people refer to the NEw Republic as NR, Publishers Weekly as PW, and that the use of these acronyms seems to make people feel "in." He thinks it's happening more now. I like to reinforce his assumption that linguists are the ones to turn to for inquiries on language -- but couldn't help with any technical knowledge on this one. Anyone who has thoughts or references, please letme know at TANNEN@CASBS.STANFORD.EDU Thanks a lot. Deborah Tannen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 13:48:39 -0400 From: bfraser@acs.bu.edu (Bruce Fraser) Subject: Doubles I've been looking at doubles in English like now now, well well, so so, yeh yeh, hear hear, my my, and bye bye. They are not repetitions like Stop!Stop! nor are they reduplications such as nero nero found in Italian where the reading is something like jet black. In general the gloss of these bears little resemblance to the meaning of the individual part. Does anyone know: Of more of these Where they came from If other languages have them If there is a response, I will post the results. Thanks, Bruce -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sat, 12 Jun 93 14:01:54 EDT From: Janet Bing Subject: teacher evaluations I am currently working on a study of university and college student evaluations of teachers. The central idea of the study is to see if current ideas about good teaching are reflected in the questions asked on evaluation forms. I want a large data base and would like copies of evaluation questions from as many institutions as possible. If you send or email questions from your institution to me, I will send or email a draft of the paper to you. E-mail to JMB100f@ ODUVM.BITNET or send to Janet Bing, Department of English, Old Dominion Univer- sity, Norfolk, VA 23529. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 11:22:22 +0200 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at Subject: query: case agreement Can anyone indicate to me inflectional languages WITHOUT gender and WITH agreement in case? I would also need informaiton on 1) how this agreement is realized (examples) and 2) descriptions of the language under question. Thank you in advance! Ursula Doleschal Tel.: ++43-1-31336 4115 Inst. f. Slawische Sprachen Fax: ++43-1-31336 744 Wirtschaftsuniv. Wien Augasse 9 Austria 1090 Wien Europe -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-464. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-465. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 132 Subject: 4.465 Qs: Turkish, Crosscultural Pragmatics, Finnish Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 09:09:07 EDT From: R31264@UQAM.bitnet Subject: Turkish 2) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 16:10:54 -0500 (EST) From: KODAMAN@ACFcluster.NYU.EDU Subject: Request for Crosscultural pragmatics - Japanese 3) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 20:09:07 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: Finnish dictionary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 09:09:07 EDT From: R31264@UQAM.bitnet Subject: Turkish This request is on behalf of a colleague of mine who does not have acess to the linguistlist. We would be grateful for any information concerning : a) the existence of extensive classes in the Turkish language or Turkish linguistics during the summer or the acdemic year, in the US, Canada or abroad b) Those scholars, professors or students, who conduct or have conducted major research on the linguistics (in any framework) of the Turkish or related languages. c) Bibliographic references for linguistic research on Turkish or related languages in any theoretical framework. If there is sufficient interest, I will summarize the results for the list. Pierre Pica (UQAM & MIT) e-mail : r31264@uqam.bitnet or (if there is nay difficulties with this adress after august 1st) ppica@athena.mit.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 16:10:54 -0500 (EST) From: KODAMAN@ACFcluster.NYU.EDU Subject: Request for Crosscultural pragmatics - Japanese I am a doctoral candidate about to begin my dissertation proposal. I am looking to have people respond to anew methodology that I will propose for studying the role of context in the way Japanese Americans construct refusals. I am interested in finding out how these refusals in Japanese vary according to their social relationships with their interlocutors. I will be interested in observing only those Japanese Americans who are fluent in Japanese. In the past, Beebee and Takahashi used hypothetical situations in for which participants could not use contextual clues in structuring their responses. The lack of a natural setting for eliciting these data provides little evidence of the participants ability to select relevant information to include in their responses. For this reason, I want to select two participants who share the same relationships with a common set of acquaintances in order to see how the participants spontaneously use their knowledge of relevant details. Sperber and Wilson (1986) define context as a list of premises about the information of the immediate environment. knowledge about the world, culture, values, beliefs, and memories. In their theory called, "Principle of Relevance", they consider that speakers and hearers cognitively process to select the most relevant information in the specific situation and relationship. I believe that this ability to figure out the relevant information is important to refuse appropriately in specific contexts. I am interested in finding out whether the study of two participants is sufficient number of participants to document the relevance of context. My more quantitatively-oriented professors would probably insist on more participants. However, I had in mind a case study approach using only two people who had a number of common acquaintances. I would involve their common acquaintances in making requests to which my participants would respond. Of course, the request would vary in degree of how much politeness is needed to refuse (eg.inconvenience and magnitude of effort, social relationship: familiarity, solidarity, power, etc.) Please send references to me or if you have comments on helping improve my design, I would appreciate them as soon as possible. I plan on defending my proposal in September. Nobuko Kodama Kodaman@acf.nyu.edu or write to me at: New York University, 239 Greene Street, 635 East Bldg., New York, NY. 10003 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 20:09:07 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: Finnish dictionary Does anybody out there know of a good Finnish-English dictionary and how i can get one? The best i've been able to find is a little Berlitz pocket dictionary with 12500 'concepts', and what i'd like is something of the quality of Cassell's. ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele c/o Department of Linguistics 712 West Washington Ave. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Street 217-344-8240 Urbana, IL 61801 fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-465. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-466. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 107 Subject: 4.466 Qs: Leuven, Frequency counts, Crosscultural communication Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 22:04:42 -0500 From: "Michael Gasser" Subject: Cognitive Linguistics Conference 2) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 00:50:59 EDT From: Larry Horn Subject: Frequency counts 3) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 1993 15:20:39 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Course in cross-cultural communication 4) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 23:29:32 IST From: "Dr. MIchal Ephratt" Subject: phoneme frequency -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 22:04:42 -0500 From: "Michael Gasser" Subject: Cognitive Linguistics Conference Could someone post the program for the upcoming International Cognitive Linguistics Conference in Leuven? Mike Gasser gasser@cs.indiana.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 00:50:59 EDT From: Larry Horn Subject: Frequency counts I'm a bit embarrassed to be posting an inquiry on a subject I suspect has been covered off and on, but my excuse is that I'm asking for a colleague; since I haven't actually been working on anything that required frequency counts, I didn't save whatever messages there may have been on the topic. Anyway, what this colleague needs is anything (fairly) recent, or at least post-Thorndike, on English word frequency counts. Hard format preferred, but if what there is is on CD-ROM, or in some other format, that would be better than nothing. Please write to me directly, and I'll post a summary if there is any interest. Larry Horn lhorn@yalevm.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 1993 15:20:39 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Course in cross-cultural communication Dear participants, I am teaching in the linguistics department of a university in Bangkok, Thailand. In the semester beginning now, I am responsible for teaching the cross-cultural communication course. I want to avoid too much of a lecture format and get students involved in their own reading and research projects. For example, one excellent source of data for them will be the many tourists who visit Bangkok and the many foreigners who work and live here. Any readings will be mainly English, but as I read Thai, students will write reports, etc. in Thai. I would appreciate information or ideas from anyone who has taught such a course in a country not their own (ie.,as an expatriat linguist), especially Asian. Many thanks, Gwyn Williams -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 23:29:32 IST From: "Dr. MIchal Ephratt" Subject: phoneme frequency Dear Neters, I am looking for reference providing statistics on phoneme frequency in ALL languages. Thanks in advance, Michal RHLH702@HAIFAUVM Acknowledge-To: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-466. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-467. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 139 Subject: 4.467 Conferences: Introspection, Clitics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 1993 22:32:17 +0100 (BST) From: Dr A Littlejohn Subject: Lancaster Seminar on Introspection 2) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 20:42:28 EDT From: Arnold Zwicky Subject: Program: Workshop on Second Position Clitics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 1993 22:32:17 +0100 (BST) From: Dr A Littlejohn Subject: Lancaster Seminar on Introspection **** LATE REGISTRATIONS AVAILABLE **** INTROSPECTION IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS RESEARCH LANCASTER 19-21 July 1993 A seminar for researchers and students in the social science and humanities **** LATE REGISTRATIONS AVAILABLE ***** A few places are still available on the Third Annual Seminar on Research Issues in Applied Linguistics, to be held at Lancaster, from July 19th to 21st, 1993. The theme for this year will be Introspective Research and will cover techniques involved (such as think aloud protocols, repertory grids, diaries, retrospective interviews, video/audio playback, and questionnaires), issues in data collection and in interpretation, research ethics and social and cognitive aspects of introspective research. The organizers are Dr Marilda Cavalcanti (UNICAMP, Brazil) and Dr Andrew Littlejohn (Lancaster University). Outside speakers/workshop leaders include Celia Roberts of Thames Valley University and Dr Mike Scott of Liverpool University. In addition to talks and workshops, there will also be research and development `clinics' for the discussion of individual participants' research projects. To date, participants are coming from a wide range of countries including the UK, the USA, Hong Kong, Turkey, Germany, Denmark, Korea, Brazil, Greece. The registration fee, which includes ALL meals and two nights accommodation with private bathroom is 130 pounds sterling. Registrations may be made by e-mail, by fax, or by post. For further details and a registration form/format contact: Dr Andrew Littlejohn, Dept of Linguistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, England. Tel. 0524 65201 ext 2443/3045 Fax. 0524 843085. e-mail: A.Littlejohn@lancaster.ac.uk (or if that does not work try: eia037@central1.lancaster.ac.uk or eia037@lancs.ac.uk). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 20:42:28 EDT From: Arnold Zwicky Subject: Program: Workshop on Second Position Clitics Workshop on Second Position Clitics July 10 and 11, 1993 The Ohio State University Saturday the 10th 9:00 Welcome (Arnold Zwicky) 9:30-10:15 Dieter Wanner - Second Position Clitics in Medieval Romance 10:15-11:00 Pilar Barbosa - Clitic Placement in European Portuguese and the Position of Subjects 11:00-11:15 break 11:15-12:00 Chiyo Nishida - 2P Clitic Pronouns in Old Spanish and Categorial Grammar 12:00-1:30 lunch 1:30-2:15 Ljiljiana Progovac - Serbian/Croatian Clitics: The Mystery of the Second Position 2:15-3:00 Vesna Radanovic-Kocic - On the Placement of Serbo-Croatian Clitics 3:00-3:15 break 3:15-4:00 Eloise Jelinek - Definiteness and Second Position Clitics in Straits Salish Sunday the 11th 10:00-10:45 Hans H. Hock - Who's on First? Syntactic and Prosodic Accounts for the P1 of P2 Clitics 10:45-11:30 Steven Schaufele - Now that We're All Here, Where Do We Sit? Phonological Ordering in the Vedic Clause-Initial String. 11:30-12:00 brunch (bagels, fruit, etc) 12:00-12:45 Mark Hale - Deriving Wackernagel's Law: Prosodic and Syntactic Factors Determining Clitic Distribution in the Language of the Rigveda 12:45-1:30 Ann Taylor - A Prosodic Account of Clitic Position in Ancient Greek 1:30-2:00 Closing remarks (Aaron Halpern) (There will be registration on the spot, with a nominal registration fee - of $10 - to cover the cost of catering.) (We expect to arrange for a packet of the these papers, plus another by Patrick McConvell, to be purchasable at cost at one of the campus-area copy shops.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-467. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-468. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 157 Subject: 4.468 Just for fun: Meteorological linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 14 Jun 93 12:19:41 GMT-1200 From: LINGSUP@antnov1.aukuni.ac.nz Subject: (Forwarded) Meteorological expressions: a light -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 14 Jun 93 12:19:41 GMT-1200 From: LINGSUP@antnov1.aukuni.ac.nz Subject: (Forwarded) Meteorological expressions: a light The following message was sent to me by my (non-linguist) colleague Bob ("The Iowan") Palmer (rlp@antnov1.auckland.ac.nz). I thought it might amuse those interested in speech act theory Regards, Simon Corston shc@antnov1.auckland.ac.nz ************************ THE WEATHER During your visit to the rural midwest, there is no safer subject to begin a conversation with a stranger than what mother nature is doing at the moment. Despite its security, weather conversations can be ice breakers or ice makers, depending on your command of the vernacular and the time of year your conversation takes place. If you are visiting in January and attempt to begin a conversation by saying, "Man, it's cold here.", you are guaranteeing yourself a very brief, dead end conversation that will leave you feeling colder than you already are. The common response to this approach by a local to an outsider is, "It sure is." and then walk away. As simple and sure as this approach may seem to the visitor, it sends all the wrong signals to the local host. In the eyes and mind of the rural midwesterner, the "Man, its cold here." comment is telling him something that he already knows. Three months before you arrived, almost everyone over the age of 55 packed up the Impala and escaped to warmer weather in Arizona, Florida and south Texas. Since their departure, they have been sending postcards reminding your host of where they are, and he's not. Also, this comment lowers the locals respect for your opinion and expectations he may have had for you. "It sure is." is not the simple retort it may seem. The words are few, but the message is much more complex than greets the numbed senses of the outsider. In verbally saying "It sure is.", the message meant to be conveyed, if it was expressed verbally, would more likely than not be, "I KNOW ITS COLD! DO I LOOK STUPID, OR DID YOU SLEEP THROUGH ALL OF YOUR GEOGRAPHY CLASSES THAT EXPLAINED DURING THE WINTER, THE FURTHER NORTH YOU GO, THE COLDER IT GETS? WHAT IN THE WORLD DID YOU EXPECT, KEY WEST?!" There are several reasons why this is not often expressed verbally. During the winter, midwesterners are generally, as a group, much more introverted than, say Texans for example. This is not due to a shortcoming in socialization or sophistication, rather it is an attempt to save energy so as it can be put to good use later, when it is needed most. In evaluating responses to questions that deal with a socially complex situation, such as the weather, it is always safe to assume that the reason for the elicited response may not be what it seems. Another quite plausible reason for the, "It sure is." followed by the persons departure may have been that you reminded him that it is cold, that he's cold and it's time to go inside and get warmed up. BEGINNING A CONVERSATION: THE VERNACULAR Before one can truly enjoy the fruits of a successful weather conversation, the foundations for talking intelligently on such a vital subject must first be laid. This groundwork is the vernacular, or terms that are used in conversation. The use of these terms vary from area to area in the midwest, but the differences are recognized by all as being a variation off the general midwestern weather theme. Thus, it is better to familiarize yourself to one areas quirks than to try and learn them all. Learning them all guarantees you an outsiders status because no one is supposed to know exactly what you are talking about all the time. The version that is provided here is "Upper-west-of-the- Mississippi-south-of-the-twin-cities-north-of-the-quad-cities version. Again, local versions of this dialect exist, however for the average beginner, these differences will be mostly undetectable. WEATHER TERMS & A LITTLE HISTORY Spittin' Snow There are several key phrases and terms that are commonly used, rephrased, and used again in different contexts. It is most important to always use the correct term in the correct context. For example: Oftentimes during late fall and early winter, mother nature provides us with a condition of light, intermittent wet snowfall that is never too awful abundant. When this condition exists, it is said to be "spitting, or spittin' snow". Spitting snow is a relatively new term, not appearing in the midwestern weather vernacular until the early 1920's. Its appearance coincided with the arrival of the automobile, which suggests the term may be derived by metaphor as a result of how this type of snow appears on the autos windshield. When this term became popular, another, older term for the same condition - "chippin' snow" fell out of use. In using this term, it would be correct say, "I don't mind driving when it's just spittin' a little, but you won't see me out there if it gets any worse." Spitting is a term that is to only be used when discussing snow. The worst context that you could use this term in however would be during a light shower in the middle of spring or summer. If you were to say for example, "Boy I hope this spittin' shower will be enough to settle the dust (We'll get to that term later)." You would probably be slapped if you were in the presence of a lady for imagining, let alone saying, something that vulgar. In the springtime when this same condition exists, it no longer is spitting snow, rather it is "trying to rain." To use "spittin' snow" in April or May is paramount to "Spittin' rain", which, as you know, is wholly unacceptable. The reason behind this very significant difference is in timing. No one in April or May wants anything more to do with winter, and you are putting yourself at risk by even suggesting that there may be another blizzard just around the corner. Raining cats and dogs One of the most popular ways of describing a heavy spring, summer, or fall rainfall is its "raining cats and dogs". It does not, of course actually rain cats and dogs. However, this term appears to have been derived out of incident that took place during the summer of 1922 in Watapama Iowa. Watapama (don't bother to look for it on a map, it's no longer there), located on picturesque Lake Olie (it's not there anymore either), was caught in the center of some climatological catastrophe (that's why neither one still exist - you can't even find the spot on the map where they used to be). Eyewitness reports say that Watapama and Lake Olie were pulled off the planet in some "really strong updraft". For several weeks after this natural catastrophe, much of the upper midwest experienced rainfall that contained bits and pieces of Watapama, cars, tin cups, cows and of course, dogs and cats. Leland Anderson of Sodom Gomorrah was, according to local legend, the first person to use the phrase "raining cats and dogs", after three rat terriers and five siamese cats rained down on his potato and carrot garden. There are actually several different stories revolving around where the term "raining cats and dogs" comes from, however this seems to be the most credible one available. If during your visit to the midwest a discussion comes up debating the origins of this term, it is best to avoid partaking in this conversation, unless you are well versed in the version that you find to be the most credible, and are willing to go to fisticuffs to support your statements. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-468. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-469. Tue 15 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 150 Subject: 4.469 FYI: Data on diskette wanted, SCHOLAR Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 10:31:48 +0200 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at Subject: Data on diskette 2) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 06:58:08 EDT From: SCHOLAR Subject: Release BY of SCHOLAR -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 10:31:48 +0200 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at Subject: Data on diskette LDDS- Linguistic Data on Diskette Servicea new series by LINCOM EUROPA LINCOM EUROPA offers a new service to linguistic researchers. Linguistic data of the following kind are published and distributed on diskette: *word lists*data for comparative language studies*dictionaries*bibliographical surveys*encyclopedical collections Linguistic doctoral dissertations and M.A. thesis of all linguistic disciplines are distributed on diskette by the Linguistic Data on Dislette Service, too. The advantage of this service is faster access to hitherto unpublished material and facilitation of discussion. Data in all languages are accepted for publication on diskette! Send information on your data and diskette to: LINCOM EUROPA: P.O. Box 1316, D-8044 (from July 1993 on D-85703) Unterschleissheim/Muenchen Germany. Fax +49-89-3148909 Yours Ursula Doleschal Tel.: ++43-1-31336 4115 Inst. f. Slawische Sprachen Fax: ++43-1-31336 744 Wirtschaftsuniv. Wien Augasse 9 Austria 1090 Wien Europe -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 06:58:08 EDT From: SCHOLAR Subject: Release BY of SCHOLAR Please post the following announcement: Subscribers to SCHOLAR will received the following release shortly. Anyone not already subscribed may do so now by sending a message to as follows: sub scholar [your name] -------------------------- Contents of Release BY (June 1993) Item AXB01 01 Edward M. Jennings, "The Text is Dead; Long Live the Techst" (review of George P. Landow, _Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Literary Theory and Technology_) Item BYC00 00 Contents pages and selected abstracts from _Pattern Recognition_, Vol. 24, No. 7 Item BYC00 01 Contents pages and selected abstracts from _Pattern Recognition_, Vol. 24, No. 8 Item BYC01 00 Contents pages and selected abstracts from _The Electronic Library_, Vol. 9, No. 1 Item BYD00 00 Notice of a Bibliograhic Database on Natural Language Processing Item BYD01 00 A notice that Arts & Humanities Search is now available on FirstSearch and EPIC Item BYD02 00 A notice that Dynamic Information has been added as document supplier for FirstSearch Item BYD03 00 Notice of a CD ROM of Information on British Authors Item BYD04 00 A notice of Wordnet: An On-Line English Lexical Reference System Item BYD05 00 A notice of Rome Reborn: An Online Exhibit from the Library of Congress Item BYD06 00 Notice of a corpus of jump rope rhymes Item BYD07 00 Notice of a corpus of dictionary citation files Item BYD08 00 A notice on electronic dictionaries Item BYD09 00 A notice regarding the Brown and LOB Corpora Item BYD10 00 Another notice regarding he Brown and LOB Corpora Item BYD11 00 Notice of Shakespeare on Cheap CD Item BYE00 00 Calendar of Events Item BYG00 00 A statement from the Holy See on the new information technologies Item BYJ00 00 A notice of job opportunities in the Center for Machine Translation Item BYJ01 00 A notice of job opportunities in machine translation in Paris Item BYP00 00 A notice of the Springer Journals Preview Service Item BYS00 00 Notice of a common Lisp source for the Xerox Part-of-Speech Tagger Item BYS01 00 A notice of ArabTex: Tex/LaTex Arabic Word Processor Item BYS02 00 A notice of HYPERBASE: A Lexicometric Package for Textual Analysis on the Macintosh End Item BYTCA 00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-469. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-470. Wed 16 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 258 Subject: 4.470 Internet threat: real or not? Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Jun 93 11:16:49 EDT From: Christopher Giordano Subject: INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED (fwd) 2) Date: Tue, 8 Jun 93 09:22:31 -0700 From: ervin-tr@cogsci.Berkeley.EDU (Susan Ervin-Tripp) Subject: INTERNET 3) Date: 8 Jun 1993 16:01:31 -0800 From: "Rick Moen" Subject: Re: INTERNET FREE ACCESS THR 4) Date: Wed, 9 Jun 93 13:22:42 -0700 From: edwards@cogsci.Berkeley.EDU (Jane Edwards) Subject: Internet - from NSFNET director -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- [Moderators' note: we've received many copies of the message below, as well as an argument that the threat is mere rumor (see Moen's message). Since we simply don't know which is the case, we're posting news of the threat but urging caution--at least until any subscribers "in the know" have had a chance to comment.] 1) Date: Mon, 7 Jun 93 11:16:49 EDT From: Christopher Giordano Subject: INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREATENED (fwd) This may be of some interest to those of us within universities, and will probably be of greater interest to those who are not piggybacking on the backs of larger institutions, but are doing things on their own. Forwarded message: > > pass this along to any other lists you're on. > ric, knight of the nets > ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- > PLEASE FORWARD TO OTHER NETWORKS > > > > Most of you are probably aware of a plan to limit free use of > INTERNET to "scientists" transmitting huge files and to start > charging for e-mail. Apparently, this is the result of private > telecommunications interests putting pressure on the National > Science Foundation. > > If this plan is realized, it will mean that the majority of the > approximately 15 million users of INTERNET will be cut off. > Sadly, this is occurring just when the potential of this network > was starting to be realized. > > Something must be DONE. We can not let private interests deprive > us of access to INTERNET. > > I suggest that all concerned users register their protest/concern > directly with Clinton and Gore via e-mail. Their e-mail address > have recently been posted and they are: > > Clinton= PRESIDENT@WHITEHOUSE.GOV > Gore = VICE.PRESIDENT@WHITEHOUSE.GOV > > In addition, I also suggest that we identify the office in the > NSF which is responsible for INTERNET and register electronic > protests with them. > > Any help or suggestions would be appreciated, especially in > locating the e-mail address for the office in the NSF. > > ********************************************************************** > * Carl H.A. Dassbach BITNET: DASSBACH@MTUS5 * > * Dept. of Social Sciences INTERNET: DASSBACH@MTUS5.CTS.MTU.EDU * > * Michigan Technological Univ. PHONE: (906)487-2115 * > * Houghton, MI 49931 FAX: (906)487-2468 * > * U.S.A. * > ********************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 8 Jun 93 09:22:31 -0700 From: ervin-tr@cogsci.Berkeley.EDU (Susan Ervin-Tripp) Subject: INTERNET >From SCIENCE 21 May 93: "The gist of the new guidelines is this: After years of subsidizing network use for researchers, NSF will no longer offer a free ride to all. Pressured by computer and telecommunications companies to get out of day-to-day networking and let the free market take over, NSF will over the next few years force most researchers to start using commercial networks, on their own dime....NSFNET director Stephen Wolff says NSF will subsidize the use of commercial networks by allowing researchers to charge networking fees to their NSF grants, or perhaps by letting universities bill the charges to their indirect cost accounts. ...Although the commercial networks that other researchers [than the transmitters of vast amounts of data] are supposed to use are in short supply today, NSF anticipates that this new market of researchers needing network access would push the private sector to build more. NSF will use the usual peer-review process to decide who gets access to NSFNET. And a congressional bill introduced last month by Representative Rick Boucher (D-VA) would cement the NSF policy in legislation." -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 8 Jun 1993 16:01:31 -0800 From: "Rick Moen" Subject: Re: INTERNET FREE ACCESS THR Reply to: RE>INTERNET FREE ACCESS THREAT Michael, thanks for the note. You should know, however, that this message has a couple of fishy things about it: First, there is no reference to any sort of docket number, published document, meeting proceeds, or even so much as a newspaper article. The closest that the speaker comes to attribution is "most of you are probably aware of a plan...." As documentation, this is simply pathetic: We are not only not given any evidence of a plan, but it also is described to us in a fashion almost tailor-made to prevent its being verified or ruled out. Doesn't this get your suspicions up that this may well be a fabrication? It does mine. It brings to mind the "FCC modem tax" rumour that continues to surface every year or so and cause hysteria among newcomers to on-line communications: the same vagueness right where the information required to confirm it ought to be, the same frenzied tone and use of phrases in all caps. As I said, pathetic. Second, major assertions in it are wrong, wrong, wrong. (1) It assumes that the NSF controls the Internet. Wrong, wrong, a thousand times wrong. NSF funds a small fragment of Internet traffic, and effectively controls next to none of it. (2) Contrary to the author's assertion, the Internet is _many_ times larger than 15 million users. See Quarterman's _Matrix News_. (3) It assumes that unnamed "private interests" can "deprive us of access to [the] Internet". (I'm correcting the author's capitalisation and usage.) This assumption betrays a fundamental failure to comprehend the nature of the Internet, a conglomeration of independent sites with no overall administration (in any real sense) whatsoever. Please don't be an idiot and add to the flood of ignorant, pointless e-mail that will no doubt be swamping the White House because of this lunacy. On second thought, "lunacy" is being charitable: It may be a malicious hoax, an attempt to sabotage the White House e-mail presence by overloading it with junk postings. I don't think it's cute or funny, myself. Cheers, Rick Moen moen@blyth.com or 76711,243 on CompuServe -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Wed, 9 Jun 93 13:22:42 -0700 From: edwards@cogsci.Berkeley.EDU (Jane Edwards) Subject: Internet - from NSFNET director The following is from LN. Without wishing to cause any additional electronic discomfort, I have to say that giving this situation the status of "rumor" seems distinctly odd to me in light of: (a) the May 21 Science article describing explicitly the NSF plan to change its policy, citing NSFNET director Wolff as the source of information, and mentioning Boucher's congressional bill to cement the plan (i.e., the documentation wished for in other postings yesterday), and: (b) the final paragraphs of the NSF reply below, which seem to conform to the Science article, though couched somewhat more vaguely and with somewhat more reassurances (.. a bad combination in my view). Please note in particular the following sentence: >>the NSF will switch from supplier funding to user funding. In retrospect I would have excised Dassbach's suggestion that people deluge the White House with email (though I fully believe he suggested it in good faith, rather than out of maliciousness). But I personally wish there were some way that we could anticipate the effects of this change in policy, and if they look dire, then to potentially affect them. During budget crises there may be many monetary adjustments - esp. when no one knows enough to be able to object. I find Wolff's response far too reassuring given its commensurate lack of detail. Does AAAS (or something) have a lobby which is looking out for our best interests in these areas? -Jane Edwards (edwards@cogsci.berkeley.edu) ================================================================(2/2) >Date: Wed, 9 Jun 93 09:32:33 PDT >From: Francois Andry >Subject: Info: Internet > >Here is the official National Science Foundation response to this >rumor which has been sent to our lab (SRI) yesterday. Hope >this will ease your anxiety. > >Best regards. > >Francois Andry >---------------------------------------------------------------- >>From perrault Mon Jun 7 17:09:39 1993 >>Date: Mon, 7 Jun 93 17:09:14 PDT >>From: Ray Perrault >> >>Here's the official NSF response to the rumor that there were going to >>be big changes in how Internet services were to be charged. --r >> >> --------------- >> >>Date: Mon, 7 Jun 93 15:17:05 PDT >>From: "Franklin F. Kuo" >> >>>Date: Mon, 07 Jun 93 18:01:57 EDT >>>From: Stephen Wolff >>> >>>Frank - you ought to know better! Here's the NSF response to this crazy >>>inflammatory rot. Cheers, -s >>> >>>This is the responsible office in the NSF, and I am the responsible person. >>> >>>There is no "plan to limit free use of INTERNET..." >>> >>>In the first place, there is no such thing as "free use of INTERNET". Each >>>and every institution with Internet access pays a service provider real money >>>every year for the institution's connection. Most institutions do not >>>however trickle those charges down to users, but pay for them out of general >>>operating funds. >>> >>>Service providers, most of whom serve a limited geographical area, attain >>>national and international coverage via the NSFNET BackBone Service, which >>>has hitherto been centrally funded by an award to Merit, Inc. and provided >>>to the regional service providers at no charge. >>> >>>Since the beginning of the current NSFNET Backbone Service in 1987, a lively >>>and competitive commercial market in Internet carriage has emerged, with >>>multiple vendors offering robust, nationwide, commodity-level services. >>>Continued centralized funding of a Backbone Service by the Foundation is no >>>longer justified, as it would place the Federal government in direct >>>competition with the private sector. >>> >>>Awards made under the currently active solicitation will include awards to >>>regional networks to purchase backbone service on the open market. That is, >>>the NSF will switch from supplier funding to user funding. >>> >>>The NSF is committed to continuity of network service to the research and >>>education community; we will take whatever steps are necessary to assure it. >>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-470. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-471. Wed 16 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 95 Subject: 4.471 Jobs: Paris, New Zealand Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 18:17:48 BST From: Durham.Linguistics@durham.ac.uk Subject: Visiting position in Paris 2) Date: 17 Jun 1993 12:30:29+1200 From: Kon Kuiper Subject: Chair: Canterbury, New Zealand -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 18:17:48 BST From: Durham.Linguistics@durham.ac.uk Subject: Visiting position in Paris UNIVERSITE PARIS VIII (VINCENNES/SAINT-DENIS) VISITING PROFESSOR OF LINGUISTICS A position as Visiting Professor of Linguistics will be available in the English Department at the Universite Paris VIII (Vincennes/Saint-Denis) from 1 October 1993 for the entire academic year 1993-1994. The appointment must be made by 30 June, so interested applicants should phone faculty member Michele Mittner immediately: (33-1) 43-44-76-41. Applicants must hold a permanent faculty position in a university and must either: (i) have a publication record on the analysis of English, or (ii) be in an English Department The teaching load consists of two courses per semester each of 15 weeks; the first semester goes from October to February, and the second finishes at the end of June. Courses are not very advanced and consist of an average of 40 students. The department is particularly interested in courses in syntax, phonology or semantics. The salary is approximately FF 21,000 ($4000) per month over a period of 11 months. The university is unable to offer each faculty a personal office. Applications should include outlines of the courses the applicant usually teaches and/or plans to teach. Interested parties may also fax Jo Arditty or Michele Mittner at (33-1) 49-40-66-75. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 17 Jun 1993 12:30:29+1200 From: Kon Kuiper Subject: Chair: Canterbury, New Zealand Chair in Linguistics. University of Canterbury The University of Canterbury invites applications for the position of Professor in the Department of Linguistics. This position is currently the sole Chair in Linguistics in New Zealand. The Department of Linguistics consists of an establishment of five continuing positions. The Department offers courses in core areas of linguistics for the three year B.A. degree. Post graduate teaching includes courses for the B.A. (Hons) and M.A. degrees. The Department currently has two Ph.D. candidates. Applicants for the position must have an internationally acknowledged level of scholarship, a substantial research record, university teaching experience and the capacity to provide academic leadership. A successful applicant will be expected to contribute substantially to the Department's research output. He or she must be willing and able to contribute to the administrative running of the Department and will also be expected to enhance the public profile of the Department, and of Linguistics. An appointee will be expected to contribute to the teaching of sociolinguistics and descriptive linguistics at undergraduate level. Preference may be given to candidates with an additional specialisation in psycholinguistics or applied phonetics or historical linguistics or discourse analysis. Enquiries of an academic nature may be directed to: Dr K. Kuiper Telephone 64 3 364 2040 or Fax 64 3 3642 065. or Email: For conditions of appointment and application details contact: The Registrar, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, NZ or Fax 64 3 3642 325 The closing date for applications is 31 August 1993. The University of Canterbury has a policy of equality of opportunity in employment. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-471. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-472. Wed 16 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 162 Subject: 4.472 GB Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 15:43:07 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 4.458 GB 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 08:15:20 PDT From: polinsky@mizar.usc.edu (Maria Polinsky) Subject: non-GB vs. GB 3) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 22:16 PDT From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 4.458 GB 4) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 10:09:34 -0400 From: jsc@tarrazu.research.att.com (John S. Coleman) Subject: 4.458 GB -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 15:43:07 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 4.458 GB I agree with Dick Hudson that c30 years is not a long time. It is probably going to take much longer to reach the stage where "fine-tuning" would become possible. Meanwhile, I don't see why it should matter so much to someone like Hudson why he isn't counted as a syntactician by some GB(?) people, although I can understand Barbara Need's more tangible point, which is about not being able to get a job one thinks one can peform quite well. Someone in the recent messages said something about putting together a "gene pool" of ideas, which is not what the evolutionary logic would suggest: isn't it the case that the diversity of ideas is as important as the diversity of life? There is much about the history of ideas we don't understand, although we ought to know that the conflict can often become highly personalised; take, for example, the well- known controversy between Newton and Leibniz; can it get any worse? That Newton wasn't a very nice person doesn't mean he wasn't a great scientist, nor does it mean that not to be nice is a good guarantee of being a good scientist; likewise, being nice doesn't ensure anything (although, judging from the little I know, Chomsky does appear to be a RATHER nice person, in addition to being a great linguist). I realize that I don't have much experience of the North American academic scene, and I do sympathesize with anyone who has encountered the difficulty of landing a job JUST because she/he wasn't a GB linguist, but then does anyone realize how difficult it can be for some other people to do linguistics of ANY kind if they happen to be in a country/ society where no one cares about what linguistics is? I have one or two friends who I think are very good linguists, but who are stuck with jobs (back home, where I come from) which do not have much/any relevance to the field. One more thing: it isn't always the case that people suffer because they have views which don't conform to GB: I believe there are situations where the opposite norm prevails! Unfortunately, the correlation between being a good linguist (of ANY kind) and a good human being is far from perfect. Anjum Saleemi National University of Singapore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 08:15:20 PDT From: polinsky@mizar.usc.edu (Maria Polinsky) Subject: non-GB vs. GB I am amazed at the amount of correspondence generated by the discussion of GB/non-GB value and worthiness. I believe that GB vs. non-GB argument notwithstanding, this splash of comments reveals a truly troubling fact about our field, defined as broadly as one likes: linguists are more willing to discuss the politics of linguistics rather than data. As long as the issues of being a non-GB = being a non-person are going to stir more minds than do discussions of linguistic data, we are not going to make much progress toward any kind of dispassionate agreement and undertansing amongst ourselves. The discussion seemed even more troubling to me, given the recent rumor that people in linguistics will have to pay for the use of email; any reader who is outside of linguistics is likely to conclude that those who spend time and bytes discussing the implications of doing GB versus doing APG deserve to be charged for such exchange: after all, whatever the reasoning behind this may be, we are not exchanging data. Maria Polinsky U of Southern California polinsky@mizar.usc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 15 Jun 93 22:16 PDT From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 4.458 GB I was going to stay out of what I consider to be a rather ridiculous discussion but it is taking up so much of the net that I would just like to put a plea in to everyone spending so much time on wondering why or why-not GB or not-GB to instead spend your time and efforts on substantive linguistic research. All of us on the net I am sure consider ourselves fortunate to work on such a fascinating and complex question as the nature of human language, so get on with it. And may I just say that as someone who is not a syntactician I find the work going on extremely important for research on language processing, language disorders, and other related areas. If indeed GB syntax monopolizes the field, then those of you who work in a different framework have a tough time if your aim is to convince the field, the students, etc. I don't think that those with interesting alternative theories however, like relational grammar, and HPSG, and LFG etc are busy writing polemics against Chomsky. They are working on solving real problems. And those who view GB as simply a new set of formalisms obviously have no idea of what GB syntacticians are doing. The interest in principles and the attempt to discover them supercedes any interest in formal ways of stating them, although noone attacks physicists for describing laws of nature in formal terms. VAF -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 10:09:34 -0400 From: jsc@tarrazu.research.att.com (John S. Coleman) Subject: 4.458 GB Philip Swann writes: > but GB qua GB is surely > what Chomsky himself would describe as a "notational variant" of > HPSG, CFG, LFG etc. This claim is wrong, and Chomsky knows it. These theories define different classes of languages, and often assign non-equivalent analyses to the constructions of a language. So the theories differ in both weak and strong generative capacity. Not in every respect, to be sure, but to a sufficient degree to soundly refute the "notational variant" claim. That's why those frameworks parted ways from each other, to a greater or lesser extent, in the first place. Philip Swann also writes: > Since we're dealing with pure competence at > an abstract level, the choice of formal apparatus is largely a > matter of taste constrained by what you are actually trying to > achieve. Whatever happened to the notion of requiring a generative grammar to be at least observationally adequate, i.e. at least capable of enumerating a certain set of strings (e.g., sentences)? We may be aiming for a theory of "pure competence at an abstract level", but the small matter of the surface strings remains, surely. --- John Coleman -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-472. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-473. Wed 16 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 61 Subject: 4.473 Sum: Recording Equipment Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 13:57:10 +0100 From: "I. Plag" Subject: summary: recording equipment -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 13:57:10 +0100 From: "I. Plag" Subject: summary: recording equipment I had sent a query to LINGUIST re recommendable recording and transcribing equipment for natural conversation. The following people responded: Henry Rogers (Toronto) Margaret Luebs David Graddol (UK) Janet Holmes (Wellington, NZ) Bert Peeters (Hobart, Tasmania) Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Most people strongly recommended SONY Professional Walkman WM-DC6 (with lapel microphone SONY ECM 144, which, however, may not be used for transcribing). One person recommended a stereo portable recorder with Dolby and dbx, namely MARANTZ PMD430 (which seems to be called CP 430 in Germany, about 1300,- DM). In addition to this recorder, one can use a Headset microphone TOA HY3 (for constant distance of mouth to microphone). ANCHOR AN1000X was recommended as an independently powered loudspeaker for transcription. One person recommended a query to a different list (LLTI), which I have not tried yet. Thank you very much to all who offered their advice. If anyone else wants to help, please direct your information to the e-mail address given below. (we have not yet decided what to buy...) Ingo Plag Institut fuer Anglistik und Amerikanistik Universitaet Marburg Wilhelm-Roepke-Str. 6D D-3550 Marburg (ATTENTION: New zip-code from July 1, 1993: D-35032 Marburg) e-mail: plag@mailer.uni-marburg.de -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-473. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-474. Wed 16 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 93 Subject: 4.474 Qs: Acronyms, Phoneme Co-occurrences, Readability Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 11:33:40 BST From: away@ca.dcu.ie Subject: Acronyms 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 1993 15:26:09 +0200 From: Swann Philip Subject: Query: phoneme co-occurence frequency 3) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 1993 12:20 EDT From: "Bethany Dumas, UTK" Subject: Need diskette versions of readability tests -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 11:33:40 BST From: away@ca.dcu.ie Subject: Acronyms This message is partly inspired by the recent discussions on acronyms. I don't know what to call these phenomena, but does anyone have a collection of examples such as the following well known instances in the UK and Ireland: a) PIN Number (PIN=Personal ID Number, i.e. the number you type in during transactions with cashpoint machines to verify that you really are who you say you are ...) b) AIB Bank (AIB=Allied Irish Bank) where we see that the final initial in the acronym is redundant, as it is mentioned again in the following word! We can oppose these with examples which (to my knowledge) are never found, such as: c) *VAT tax (VAT=Value Added Tax, i.e. a purchase tax). What about "DAG graph" (in NLP terms), which I came across once (but didn't like)? I would be interested in any examples you may have from other regions, as well as more of the same from our part of the world! Many thanks, Andy Way. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 1993 15:26:09 +0200 From: Swann Philip Subject: Query: phoneme co-occurence frequency I'm looking for a transition frequency matrix for phonemes in English and/or any other common languages. Also, if anybody knows of software that can process raw data to produce such a matrix, I'd be most interested. Philip Swann University of Geneva -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 1993 12:20 EDT From: "Bethany Dumas, UTK" Subject: Need diskette versions of readability tests I have a need for both DOS-based and Macintosh versions of standard readability tests (Gunning, etc.). Please reply directly; I'll summarize to LINGUIST. Thanks. Bethany Dumas (dumasb@utkvx.bitnet) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-474. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-475. Thu 17 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 247 Subject: 4.475 Conferences: Amsterdam, NWAVE Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 1993 12:28:41 +0200 From: dekker@illc.uva.nl (Paul Dekker) Subject: 9th Amsterdam Colloquium 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 16:45:52 EDT From: NWAVE22 Organizing Committee <054007@acadvm1.uottawa.ca> Subject: New Ways of Analyzing Variation -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 1993 12:28:41 +0200 From: dekker@illc.uva.nl (Paul Dekker) Subject: 9th Amsterdam Colloquium %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Call for Papers % % % % THE NINTH AMSTERDAM COLLOQUIUM % % 14-th -- 17-th December 1993 % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% GENERAL INFORMATION The ninth edition of the Amsterdam Colloquium will be held from Tuesday 14-th untill Friday 17-th of December 1993 at the University of Amsterdam. The Amsterdam Colloquia are organized every two years under the auspices of the ILLC (`Institute for Logic, Language and Computation'), in which the Department of Philosophy, the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and the Department of Computational Linguistics of the University of Amsterdam cooperate to stimulate and coordinate interdisciplinary research. The Amsterdam Colloquia aim at bringing together scholars from these disciplines who share an interest in semantics. The organizing committee of the Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium consists of Paul Dekker, Herman Hendriks and Martin Stokhof. Financial support is provided by the ILLC, the Department of Philosophy, the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, the Faculty of Humanities, the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW), and the European Foundation for Logic, Language and Computation (FoLLI). INVITED LECTURES The Colloquium comprises invited lectures and contributed talks. The following people have in principle accepted our invitation to give a lecture: Jens Erik Fenstad (Oslo) Erhard Hinrichs (T\"ubingen) David Israel (Stanford) Hans Kamp (Stuttgart) Barbara Partee (Amherst) Mats Rooth (Stuttgart) Mark Steedman (Philadelphia) SUBMISSIONS People who want to contribute a paper are requested to send in six copies of an extended abstract of two to three pages (1000 words). The abstract must include a short, 10 line, summary clearly indicating subject matter and conclusions. The deadline for submissions is September 1-st, 1993. Abstracts postmarked later than August 31 cannot be accepted. All abstracts will be strictly refereed by a program committee, consisting of: Renate Bartsch (Amsterdam) Johan van Benthem (Amsterdam) Peter van Emde Boas (Amsterdam) Jens Erik Fenstad (Oslo) Hans Kamp (Stuttgart) Ewan Klein (Edinburgh) Michael Moortgat (Utrecht) Barbara Partee (Amherst) Mark Steedman (Philadelphia) Frank Veltman (Amsterdam) Contributors will be notified of acceptance by October 15. In November, the program, which includes the summaries of the accepted papers, will be distributed among the participants. The accepted papers will be published in the Conference Proceedings, due March 1994. The deadline for sending in final versions of the papers is February 1-st. ATTENDANCE The conference fee is Dfl 200,-, which includes costs of attendance, lunches, program and a copy of the proceedings. FoLLI members are entitled to a 10\% discount. Registration forms, including hotel registration forms, can be obtained via the organizing committee. If you want to be sent such forms, when they are available, please send in the request attached below. IMPORTANT DATES 15 May Call for Papers 1 September Deadline for Submissions 15 October Notification of Acceptance 15 November Distribution of Program 14-17 December Amsterdam Colloquium 1 February Final Versions of Papers Due 15 March Publication of Proceedings FURTHER INFORMATION For further information, contact: Organizing Committee Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium ILLC/Department of Philosophy Nieuwe Doelenstraat 15 1012 CP Amsterdam The Netherlands tel: +31 20 5254541 fax: +31 20 5254503 email: ac9@illc.uva.nl .......................................................... Name ................................................... Address ................................................... ................................................... City ................... Zip Code ...................... Country ................... email ...................... 0 wants to receive further information O intends to attend the Colloquium O intends to send in an abstract O wants to be sent the hotel registration form -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 16:45:52 EDT From: NWAVE22 Organizing Committee <054007@acadvm1.uottawa.ca> Subject: New Ways of Analyzing Variation Last call for papers 22nd ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON NEW WAYS OF ANALYZING VARIATION October 14 - 17, 1993 University of Ottawa, Canada KEYNOTE SPEAKERS: JACK CHAMBERS WILLIAM LABOV WALT WOLFRAM Abstracts are invited in all areas of linguistic variation theory for 20-minute presentations and for posters. Abstract specifications: Format: Abstract page. Abstracts, including full title, should be no longer than 500 words and may not exceed a single 8 1/2 X 11" page with 1" margins all around. Author's name should not appear on this page. Cover page. Include full title of the submission, and author's name, affiliation, address, E-mail, fax and phone numbers. Indicate here whether you wish your abstract to be considered for a paper session, a poster session, or either. American Dialect Society members: Indicate whether, if accepted, you wish your paper to be scheduled in a special ADS session. Submission instructions: Send 6 hard copies of of the abstract page + 1 copy of the cover page, AND 1) a 3 1/2" diskette containing abstract page and cover page (using MS Word for MAC or IBM), OR 2) an E-mail message containing same, OR 3) an indication (on cover page) if electronic submission is impossible. Deadline for receipt of abstracts: July 1, 1993 Abstracts will be anonymously refereed. Expected notification date: August 15, 1993 Mail to: Shana Poplack @ NWAVE 22 Dept. of Linguistics University of Ottawa 78 Laurier East Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5 E-MAIL: NWAVE22@UOTTAWA.ACADVM1.CA FAX: 1 613 564-9067 WORKSHOPS/ATELIERS Henrietta Cedergen, The phonetic analysis of rhythmic structure in spontaneous speech Bill Labov, Spatial variation: current computational techniques and principles for geographic reasoning David Sankoff & Sali Tagliamonte, Interpreting variable rule results:answers to questions you always wanted to ask Workshops will commence at 1 p.m. on October 14 and will be scheduled in consecutive sessions. REGISTRATION INFORMATION/ RENSEIGNEMENTS SUR LA PRE-INSCRIPTION (CAD$): Students Others Conference Pre-registration/ Pre-inscription pour le colloque: $35 $55 On-site registration Inscription sur place: $45 $65 Workshop Pre-registration (1)/ Pre-inscription pour 1 atelier $30 $30 Additional workshop/ Atelier additionnel $20 $20 On-site registration/ Inscription sur place: Subject to availability/Selon les disponibilites Send a check or or money order made out to NWAVE 22 for $55 (US $44) for the conference (students, send ID: $35 (US $28)) PLUS $30 (US $24) for the first workshop and $20 (US $16) for each additional workshop. Include a separate sheet with your name, addresses and the names of the workshops you wish to attend. Conference registration fee includes regular sessions, conference kit, coffee breaks, receptions and a one-year subscription to Language Variation and Change. Envoyez un cheque ou mandat a l'ordre de NWAVE 22 au montant de $55 (US $44) pour le colloque (etudiants avec attestation de statut: $35 (US $28)) PLUS $30 (US $24) pour le premier atelier, et $20 (US $16) pour chaque atelier additionnel.Joindre sous pli separe votre nom, vos adresses et les titres des ateliers auxquels vous voulez vous inscrire. Les frais d'inscription pour le colloque comprennent l'acces aux seances, la trousse d'inscription, les pauses-cafe, les receptions et un abonnement d'un an a Language Variation and Change. PREREGISTRATION DEADLINE: Receipt of materials by Sept 13, 1993. DATE LIMITE POUR LA PRE-INSCRIPTION: Les frais de pre-inscription doivent etre recus avant le 13 sept, 1993 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-475. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-476. Thu 17 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 62 Subject: 4.476 FYI: Genie, Thanks Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 93 21:27:02 EDT From: Larry Horn Subject: One step forward, one step back 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 16:09:02 CDT From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: Responses to query on Canadian (au) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Jun 93 21:27:02 EDT From: Larry Horn Subject: One step forward, one step back Today's New York Times Book Review contains a full-page rebuttal by David Rigler, the psychologist in the Genie case who was savaged by Russ Rymer in his book and Natalie Angier in her equally infamous review. Rigler disputes the charge that the psychologists, linguists, and social workers who treated and researched Genie were at each other's throats and did more harm than good to Genie herself. None of the linguistic details are covered in the response, however, and linguistically naive readers of the Times (of whom we might imagine there are more than a few) will still be under the misapprehension that the case of Genie represents a counterexample to Chomsky's theory of language (as presented, of course, in The Event). In the same issue of the Book Review, a review by an anthropologist named Sarah Blaffer Hrdy of a book "Visions of Caliban: On Chimpanzees and People" by Pale Peterson and Jane Goodall, mentions in passing--as if it were obvious to all--that "chimps can also solve problems and learn sign language". Well, I suppose it could have been worse; Hrdy doesn't actually assert (or paraphrase Peterson and Goodall as asserting) that chimps can learn ASL, but I think it's still a pretty egregious claim to make in 1993. Is it worth rebutting, any of you ASL specialists out there? Larry Horn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 16:09:02 CDT From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: Responses to query on Canadian (au) Thanks to all who responded with references to work on (au) in Canadian English. Responses were unanimous in pointing us to work by Jack Chambers at the University of Toronto. Regards, Susan Herring -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-476. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-477. Thu 17 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 111 Subject: 4.477 The Politics of Linguistics? Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 14:41:30 +0200 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.d400.de Subject: politics of linguistics 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 15:18:55 BST From: Kersti Borjars Subject: Re: 4.472 GB -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 14:41:30 +0200 From: HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.d400.de Subject: politics of linguistics I strongly disagree with the suggestion (made by Maria Polinsky and Vicki Fromkin) that we should stop discussing politics on LINGUIST and get on with our work. Like any other human activity, linguistics necessarily has political aspects that need to be open to public debate. The question is not: Are we doing linguistics OR politics?, but rather: Is politics confined to "smoke- filled rooms" behind the scenes, or is it also discussed in an open and demo- cratic form? The LINGUIST list seems ideally suited for such discussions -- e-mail lists are among the most democratic media available (through Chomsky's writings, many linguists are aware of the manipulability of newspapers and TV even in open societies). LINGUIST has seen many political discussions, e.g. on Genie and linguistics in the popular media, and it should stay that way. Few linguists would deny that politics has played an important role in promoting Chomskyan linguistics, and no doubt the whole field profited from it (Fritz Newmeyer has written two political books about this). But conversely, if Chomsky's prestige now leads to a situation of monoculture where the "gene pool" of ideas is reduced, this clearly does not have a beneficial effect on our discipline. Just as it is a political problem that the poor countries offer far fewer opportunities for linguists than the richer countries (as Anjum Saleemi reminds us), I see it as a political problem that the market offers better opportunities for GB syntacticians than for others, thus promoting opportunism (when I was a student in North America some years back, a Korean left our university because there was only an excellent RG syntactician there, but he needed a Ph.D. in GB to get a job back home). LINGUIST has previously seen controversial political debates around "cognitive linguistics" and "megalocomparison". Why should GB be a taboo subject? (Though I DO think that we should not discuss whether Newton or Chomsky is a nice person.) Martin Haspelmath -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 15:18:55 BST From: Kersti Borjars Subject: Re: 4.472 GB A couple of points in reply to the people who told us to get on with linguistics rather than discuss the politics of the field: I am surprised as well about how much interest this discussion has generated, but I really don't think the discussion has stopped the progress of linguistics. If we stopped discussing the issue I cannot imagine there would be a sudden leap forward in terms of linguistic knowledge. I think anyone would find Dick Hudson (whom I believe started the discussion, but I may be wrong), for instance, more than happy to discuss linguistic data. One look at his list of publications would also convince the reader that in spite of the fact that he "wastes his time" on this kind of political discussion, he does seem to be able to get some linguistics done from time to time as well. Also, the idea of getting on with linguistics, and convincing other people of your ideas, rather than moan about GB, seems to involve actually *having a job in linguistics*. I agree with Vicki Fromkin that those of us who have jobs in linguistics (temporary jobs a lot of them, OK, but then life as we know it is not permanent either) can consider ourselves 'fortunate to work on such a fascinating and complex question as the nature of human language'. However, I thought that the point made by Barbara Need was that unless you work and publish within GB, such a job is difficult to come by. And if you have to spend your days delivering pizzas, getting on with linguistics can be a difficult thing to do. I must admit, that I know very little about how easy or difficult it is to get a job if you are or are not a "GB-linguist" (yes, it probably cuts both ways). I do know that it is a great concern for a number of people and that there are good linguists who feel that they have not been considered for jobs they thought they could do well because of their theoretical persuasion (or lack of it). If this is so, then surely this is an issue important enough for us to "waste" some of our valuable time discussing (this sounds like a good place for a resumptive pronoun, but I have never been sure of these things in English). Kersti Bo"rjars University of Manchester U.K. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-477. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-478. Thu 17 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 342 Subject: 4.478 Confs: African Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 10:05:10 EDT From: David_Odden@osu.edu Subject: 24th Annual Conference on African Linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 10:05:10 EDT From: David_Odden@osu.edu Subject: 24th Annual Conference on African Linguistics Tentative Schedule for the 24th Annnual Conference on African Linguistics July 23-25, Ohio State University FRIDAY JULY 23 [Fawcett Conference Center, 2400 Olentangy River Road] 8:00 Registration 8:45 Opening remarks 9:00 PLENARY SESSION: Larry Hyman & Francis Katamba The Luganda Syllable Revisited PARALLEL SESSIONS 10:30 Jin-young Tak; Asymmetric Coordinations in Kilega Farida Cassimjee & C.Kisseberth; The Phrasal Phonology of Shingazidja M. Lionel Bender; Is Nilo-Saharan Really a Phylum? 11:00 Paul Law; Subject/Object Asymmetry in Fon Niken Adisasmito & Simon Donnelly; Grammatical Tone Assignment in Rwanda Salikoko S. Mufwene; How Bantu Is Kiyansi? Evidence From Agreement 11:30 Huaiyu Liu; A GPSG Account of the Subject-Object Asymmetry in Fula Relative Clauses Elaine P. Hsiao; The Tonal Domain of the Kinyarwanda Verbal System Julie Croston; CheTswapong: a Sotho-Tswana Language 1:30 Adams Bodomo & Marc Oostendorp; Serial Verb Nominalisations in Dagaare Kimary N. Shahin; Grounded Phonology and C-to-V [PHAR] Spread in Palestinian Arabic Joe Amoako; The Phonological Characteristics of Assimilated Portuguese, Dutch and English Borrowed Words in Akan 2:00 Chris Collins; Some Notes on Unaccusativity and Serial Verb Constructions Frederick Parkinson; Vowel Harmony in Efik and Ibibio Jan Bernstein; Variability in the Assimilation of English Loans in Shona 2:30 Bettina Migge; Serial Verb Constructions in Ibibio Deborah Schmidt; Vowel Raising in Basaa Sue Hasselbring; Bilingualism and Language Choice Among the Bullom People of Sierra Leone 3:00 Andrew S. Allen; Compound Nouns and Sentences and Relative Clauses in Ewe Roderic F. Casali; Labial Opacity and Roundness Harmony in Nawuri Mohammed Ali; Language and National Identity: the Case of Oromo 4:00 Josephat M Rugemalira; The Case Against the Thematic Hierarchy Charles Kisseberth & Emmanuel Ndabasara; The Nominal Tonology of Rukiga Philip J. Jaggar & Malami Buba; The Space and Time Adverbials NAN/CAN in Hausa: Cracking the Deictic Code 4:30 Andrew van der Spuy; The Topicality Hierarchy and the Nguni Object Clitic Nasiombe Mutonyi; Tone in Bukusu Verb Structure Lioba Moshi & David Dwyer; Pure V Grammaticalized Ideophones 5:00 Edward A. Miner; Locative Inversions in Kiswahili Lee S. Bickmore; Linking Constraint Violations in Ekegusii Paul Newman; Stability and Variation in Hausa Ideophones 5:30 Silvester Ron Simango; From Oblique To Subject: Another Look At Chichewa Subjectivization Aaron Shryock; The Nominal Tonology of Musey Harriet Ottenheimer; Computer-Assisted Lexicography With a Bantu Language: the ShiNzwani Dictionary SATURDAY JULY 24 [Denny Hall] 9:00 Zygmunt Frajzyngier & Erin Shay; Modal Function of the Order of Clauses Andrew Tilimbe Kulemeka; Bimoraicity and Phonological Wordhood in Chichewa Ideophones David R. Woods; Changing Patterns of Language Utilization in Republic of Congo 9:30 Maxime Da Cruz; Aspectual Verbs fo, vo `finish' in Fongbe Rick Treece; Syllabic Stress in Swahili Leocadie Nahishakiye; Towards a Sociolinguistic Study of Rundi Language and Sex 10:00 Emily Embree; The Morpheme `mo' and the Dogon Genitive Construction Mayrene Bentley; The Syllable Structure of Swahili Sheila Mmusi; African Languages in the Debate on Medium of Instruction in South Africa 11:00 June Wickboldt; Binding Conditions and Logophoric Pronouns Francis Katamba & Larry Hyman; Prosodic Structure and the Delimitation of Rule Domains in Luganda Raphael O. Atoye; Sex Differentiation in the Acquisition of Phonology Amongst Nigerian Users of English 11:30 Christopher Culy; Agreement of Fula Pronouns David A. Peterson; Against INFL-VERB Compounding in Luganda Makasa Kasonde; Multiparty Democracy in Africa and Its Implication For Language Development 1:30 Melynda Dunigan; The Focus Construction In Wolof Ian Maddieson & Bonny Sands; Aperture Positions: A New Approach Rolf Theil Endresen; A Diachronic Study of Fula Conjugation Cheryl Zoll; Unchained Melody: Vowel Zero Alternations in Afar 2:00 George T. Teke; Arguments For V-Raising Into TOP in Metta Chip Gerfen & John Mugane; Aperture Geometry, Feature Cooccurrence, and Meinhof's Law in Kikuyu Emmanuel Osam; The Fall and Rise of a Noun Class System -- the Case of Akan Mustapha Ahmad; The Tonal System of Hausa Compounds 2:30 Pascal De Campos; Lexical Processes and Syntax of the Hausa Grade System Jose Tourville; A Manding Language With SV-nasals Heather Weber; An Historical Explanation For a Typologically Odd Language: Logbara Maria-Rosa Lloret; Stop Consonant Assimilation in Oromo: an Interdialectal Approach 3:00 David Odden; Strange Case in Angas Honore Kamany; On Nasal Homorganic Clusters M.K.C. Uwajeh; A Bini Language Base For Some Dialects of the Igbo Language? Omar Irshied; Epenthesis in Bedouin Arabic in Jordan 4:00 Sorie Yillah; SPECIFIER, Case, and Agreement in Temne Jiang-King Ping; Prosodic Domains and Vowel Sandhi in Igede Mike Hall; Nilotic Stem Formation I: Oran-Nasal Alternation in C2 Position 4:30 Robbin Clamons; The Roles of N and T in the Discourse Structure of Oromo Eugene Buckley; Tigrinya Root Consonants and the OCP Pete Mhunzi; The Creation Myth of the Agekuyu With a Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Kiswahili Translations 5:00 Bertram Okolo; Questioning in Conversational Interaction: the Igbo Case David Askins; The Nasal Prefix in Ila: Implications For Feature Geometry and Redundancy Rule Ordering Margaret Wade Lewis; African Cosmology in Science Fiction By Butler 5:30 Ernest S. Akerejola; Fidelity To Oko Syntax of Halliday's Functional Approach To Grammatical Analysis John M. Mugane; On Nasal Assimilation in Gikuyu Kwenzi-Mikala Jerome Tangu; Punu Personal Names SATURDAY NIGHT: AFRICAN BANQUET (Tickets $7.00) SUNDAY JULY 25 [University Hall] 9:00 Marnie Jo Petray; The Tense, Mood, and Aspect System of Krobo Dangme Grace A. Masagbor; The Associative Morpheme "E" in Ivie Remi Sonaiya; BEING in Yoruba and French: Variations on a Theme Yetunde Laniran; Implementing a Floating L Tone 9:30 Uschi Drolc; On the Perfect in Swahili Anbessa Teferra; Coronal Underspecification in Sidamo Philip W. Lewis; The Acquisition of Click Phonemes By Xhosa Speaking Children Akinbiyi Akinlabi; The Phonetic Realization of the Yoruba Mid Tone 10:00 Lionel Posthumus; Absolute and Relative Tenses in Zulu Jane Akinyi Ngala; The Dholuo Syllable Structure Mamadou Niang; Role of the Degree of Fluency on Language Choice in Language Alternation. Yetunde Laniran & G.N Clements; Downstep Revisited 11:00 Robert Botne; To Assert Or To Doubt: Evidentiary Justification in Kelega Eluzai Moga Yokwe; High Tone Alternation in Bari Language Osepetetreku Kwame Osei; The Akan Word 'Ya' Ian Maddieson; EMMA and Ewe 11:30 Ronald P. Schaefer & Francis Egbokhare; Emotion Verbs in Emai Francis Moto; Aspects of Chichewa Phrasal Phonology Tajdeen Y. Surakat; Bilingual First Language Acquisition of an African Child Benjamin R. Munson, Jr.; An Acoustic Study of Uvulars in Tatooga: Evidence Against Quantal Theory 1:30 Carolyn Harford; Infinitives in Gikuyu Donald G. Churma; Hausa Reduplication and Prosodic Theories of Reduplication Kathleen Hubbard; The Manifestation of Vowel Quantity in Bantu: A Comparative Study 2:00 Katherine Demuth & Jeffery Gruber; IP Iteration & XP Sequences in Bantu William R. Leben; A Reanalysis of Hausa Plurals J. W. Snyman; The Clicks of Zu/'hoasi: A Confusion of Sounds? 2:30 Mubangu Itangaza; WH-Movement in Kilega Brian D. McHugh; Optimality Theory and Hausa Noun Plurals Joseph Mfusi; Iscamtho: an Urban Vernacular or Zulu Slang? A.S. Nchimbi; Formant Structure of Kiswahili Vowels 3:00 Mika Hoffman; The Surface Realization of Double-object Predicates in Kwa and Bantu Myles Leitch; Babole Verbal Reduplication Chukwuma Azuoney; Inspiration and Design of the Nwagu Aneke Igbo Syllabary From South-Central Nigeria Keith Snider; Tonal Downstep Or Upstep? 3:30 BUSINESS MEETING 4:00 Wafaa Batnan; The Syntax of Small Clauses in Arabic Olanike Ola; Non-exhaustive Syllabification in Yoruba S. A. Swanepoel; The Expression of Colour in Setswana: A Terminological Challenge 4:30 Alhassoumi Sow Salamatou; Les Sujets Du Predicat Peul Sharon Rose; Verb Templates and Floating Affixes in Ethio-semitic Sophia A. Adjaye; Akan and English Proverbs 5:00 Paulette Roulon-Doko; L'expression De La Qualification (l'exemple Du Gbaya 'bodoe) Andy Mothusi Chebanne; The Imbrication of Suffixes in Setswana J. H. Olowe; A Critique of the Modern Yoruba Orthography HOUSING INFORMATION For all of these, please identify yourself as connected with the African Linguistics Conference. On campus, dorm rooms are available. For reservations contact: Doug Koyle, Conference Housing $25.00 Single OSU $14.75 Double 85 Curl Drive $10.25 per person in triple or quadruple Columbus, OH 43210 Phone 614-292-9725 Contact them as early as possible: July 1 is the absolute deadline. OFF CAMPUS MOTELS/HOTELS: Red Roof Inn $33.99-$44.99 Single Phone 800-874-9000 $40.99-$51.99 Double 315 and Ackermann $51.99 three people Refer to block number B-121-0000-62. Rooms must be paid for with cash or credit card. It is possible (but dispreferred) to contact Natasha at (Phone) 614-876-3345 or (Fax) 614-771-8722. Please leave a return phone or fax number so she can contact you. Deadline for reservations: July 12 Olentangy Inn $26.95 1 person 1 bed Phone 800-354-3492 $31.95 2 persons 1 bed Phone 614-294-5211 $36.95 2 persons 2 beds 1299 Olentangy River Road Deadline for reservations: June 15 Cross Country Inn (OSU South) $34.95 1 person 1 bed Phone 800-621-1429 $41.95 2 persons 1 bed Phone 614-291-2983 $43.95 2 persons 2 beds Fax 614-766-6953 1445 Olentangy River Road Ask for Beth. Deadline for reservations: July 8. Holiday Inn OSU $57.00 1-4 people 328 Lane Ave. Phone 800-465-4329 Phone 614-294-4848 Deadline for Reservations: July 1. Fawcett Conference Center $45 single 2400 Olentangy River Road $52 double Phone 800-637-2316 $60 king Phone 614-292-3238 Deadline for Reservations: June 23 TRANSPORTATION OSU is accessible from the airport by cab ($13-$16), or by COTA bus (fare $1.10 with transfer). Take the bus from the airport to downtown, and transfer to an appropriate bus there. Which bus is better depends on where you are going: General Campus, Holiday Inn, Dormitories: #2 North going north on High Street to campus. Fawcett Center, Red Roof Inn Kenny Local #18: to Ackermann. Olentangy Inn, Cross Country Inn #3 or #5: to 3rd or 5th and Olentangy River Road. We will run a shuttle bus to the conference venue stopping at the Red Roof Inn, Cross Country Inn and Olentangy Inn at 8:10 and 8:40 on Saturday and Sunday mornings. On Friday we will provide a shuttle bus to the conference site at the Fawcett Center, stopping at the Cross Country Inn and Olentangy Inn at 8:00 and 8:30. The Fawcett Center is within three blocks of the Red Roof Inn, and is also walkable from the Holiday Inn and the north dormitories. To pre-Register, please send the following information along with your check. Name ________________________________ Address ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ Student Preregistration ($12.00) ________ Faculty Preregistration ($17.00) ________ African Banquet Tickets ($7.00 each) Please send a check payable to the 24th Annual Conference on African Linguistics by July 12 to: 24th ACAL Department of Linguistics 222 Oxley Hall 1712 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210 (614-292-4052) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-478. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-479. Thu 17 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 445 Subject: 4.479 Confs: COSWL, Revised Information Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 14:35:39 -0400 From: karemlin@mtu.edu (Kathryn Remlinger) Subject: COSWL Revised Language and Gender Conf. Info. -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 14:35:39 -0400 From: karemlin@mtu.edu (Kathryn Remlinger) Subject: COSWL Revised Language and Gender Conf. Info. Please note that this is a revised version of a previously sent message. The following changes should be noted: oThe conference site is scheduled to be Campbell Hall. oThe title of Penny Eckert and Sally McConnell-Ginet's talk is "Gender, Power, and Meaning". oYou may register for the conference by email, but you must send your check for registration fees through snail mail to Vicky Bergvall. You will receive a receipt at the conference. oIf you would like a map of Columbus and OSU, please email requests to Kate Remlinger, karemlin@mtu.edu. oYou must register separately for the workshops. oIf you are planning on attending the language and gender syllabi workshop and would like copies of the syllabi, please contact Kate--we need to know how many copies to make. The copies will be an additional cost of $10-15. CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FORM "The Language-Gender Interface: Theories and Methods for Research and Teaching" July 15-19 a conference sponsored by the Committee on the Status of Women in Linguistics Your Name: ___________________________________________ Affiliation: _________________________________________ Please print (carefully) as you would like this to appear on your badge. Please give the address to which any other information should be sent: Street address: __________________________________________ City: ___________________ State/Province: ___________ Country: __________________ Zip/Postal code: __________ Office Phone: ( ) _____________________ Home Phone: ( ) _____________________ Fax: ( ) _____________________ e-mail: ___________________________ REGISTRATION FEES Registration fee covers admittance to all conference talks, coffee breaks, receptions, and workshops (exclusive of optional photocopied materials, for which you will be charged on-site when you register); the conference program, plus a fee to the Institute for hosting us. Registrations received after June 25 and before July 7 will cost $5 more. All registrations received after July 7 will not be processed; checks will be returned uncashed. FACULTY/EMPLOYED Registered before June 25, $40. $_______. After June 25, add $5. +$_______. If enrolled at the Linguistic Institute (need ID), subtract $5. P$_______. FULL TIME STUDENT*/UNEMPLOYED, Registered before June 25, $20. $_______. After June 25,add $5. +$_______. If enrolled at the Linguistic Institute (need ID), subtract $5. P$_______. *Please enclose evidence of your student status (copy of ID). Banquet/Buffet ticket (check here if vegetarian _____) $12. $_______. TOTAL ENCLOSED $______. PAYMENT: Please send all checks in American dollars. Payments accepted in personal check or money order (by mail & on-site), as well as cash (on-site). Please make checks payable to COSWL L&G Conference. ___ I am interested in attending the following workshops, ranked: W__, W__, W__, W__. ___ I am interested in getting the packet of Language and Gender Syllabi. (This will cost $10-15, payable at the conference.) ___ I can help with the conference: in the week before___; on-site __; without rebate __. ___ I need information on childcare. ___ I need directions by car___, bus ___, plane __ (including airport shuttles). PLEASE SEND THIS REGISTRATION FORM & FEES TO: Victoria Bergvall COSWL L&G Conf. Dept. of Humanities Michigan Tech. U. 1400 Townsend Dr. Hougton, MI 49931-1295 For more information by e-mail contact: Kathryn Remlinger, Communications Director karemlin@mtu.edu TIMES: The conference begins with registration Thursday evening, July 15, 7-9 p.m. at the housing registration site at Drackett Tower (on the corner of Neil Ave. and W. Lane Ave, major roads on the OSU campus). Registration continues at 8 a.m. on Friday, July 16, at the Campbell hall conference site, with opening remarks at 8:45, and papers beginning at 9 a.m. The conference proper will end by 2:00 on Sunday, but you may wish to stay on for the day-long workshop on lesbian language(s) on Sunday, July 19, and for the plenary address to the Linguistic Institute by Sally McConnell-Ginet and Penelope Eckert on Tuesday, July 20, in the evening. CHILDCARE/MAPS/ON-SITE TRANSPORTATION: Information is available on childcare, driving and transportion, including directions to OSU, in the 1993 Linguistic Institute booklet, sent to all Linguistics Departments. If you cannot get a copy of the information from there, please let us know what you need us to send you. HELP WANTED! This conference is being run on a shoe-string budget, backed by the donations that have been given to COSWL to support its activities and by many hours of unreimbursed volunteer effort. We encourage all of you to contribute as much as you can. (Contributions beyond the registration fee may be counted as donations to the COSWL fund of the LSA.) A rebate of up to $10 may be given to students and unemployed who worked for for 3+ hours staffing desks, taking care of breaks, equipment, etc. Indicate your interest in helping out on the sheet above. Note that we must limit rebates to break even on this conference. If you can donate your time, please do. WORKSHOP INTERESTS: There will be two different workshop sessions on Sunday morning, places where you can do some hands on work with others on particular issues. Please indicate your preliminary interest in the following workshops on the registration form, with rank orderings. We will try to accommodate your interests, but we may not be able to schedule all combinations. (Some workshops, such as that on syllabi, may have optional fees for materials; formal sign-ups will take place at the conference.) We may have room for a limited number of other workshops or roundtable discussions. If you have an interest in another area and wish to help organize a workshop, please let the conference organizers know as soon as possible. W1 Language and Gender Syllabi: sharing sample syllabi from the COSWL Syllabi Collection Project (There will be a fee for the packet of syllabi.) W2 Language, Gender, and Pedagogy: Teaching as a woman, a feminist, etc. Issues such as teaching evaluations, teaching styles, authority in the classroom, etc. W3 Career Issues for Women: on juggling public and private roles. W4 Research Issues in Language and Gender: discussion of methods, research in progress. W5 On Writing Abstracts: preparing for the LSA and beyond. W6 Issues of Race in Language and Gender Research. Please contact us with any further questions. E-mail is fastest, but if you cannot reach us that way, call or write us. See you in Columbus! COSWL LANGUAGE AND GENDER CONFERENCE HOUSING INFORMATION & REGISTRATION FORM NOTE: You must use this form (if you wnat to download this) or present this information (that you are with the COSWL Language and Gender Conference) to get housing at OSU. Do not use the LSA Institute's forms if you are only attending this conference, or you may be told there is no space available. If you are staying longer, please call or fax the housing office for more information. All housing will be in OSU dormitories; few or no motel reservations are available. Housing is limited, so please register as soon as possible. RATES for air-conditioned rooms: Single: $25.00/night Double: $14.75/night per person (Some non-air-conditioned rooms with shared baths may be available at lower rates.) Linens and towels provided. HOUSING CHECK-IN SITE: Drackett Tower, corner of Neil Ave. and W. Lane Ave. (major roads on the OSU campus). Conference registration will also be open at the housing check-in. The conference begins Friday at 9 am at Campbell Hall. HOUSING REGISTRATION COSWL LANGUAGE AND GENDER CONFERENCE July 15-18, 1993 Linguistic Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Name: _______________________________________________ Affiliation: ________________________________________ Summer address: _____________________________________ Summer phone: _______________________________________ Fax #, if available: ________________________________ E-mail, if available: _______________________________ Arrival Day/Date: ___________________________________ Departure Day/Date: _________________________________ Number of nights accommodation desired: ________ Total cost estimated: ______________ Single room ___ Double room ___ Roommate's name: ________________________________ If you don't already have a roommate, would you like to be matched with one: Yes No Nonsmoking Smoking PARKING: Will you need a parking permit (about $2/day): Yes No ACCESS: Are you mobility-impaired and/or will you need wheel-chair accessible accomodations? Yes No METHOD OF PAYMENT (due in full at registration): Personal check, cash, traveller's check, VISA, MC, money order SEND this information to Doug Koyle, Conference Housing FAX: (614) 292-4447 (preferred) PHONE: (614) 292-9725 MAIL: Conference Housing, Royer Center 85 Curl Dr. Columbus, OH 43210-1111 (If you call, you must mention that you are with the COSWL Language and Gender Conference.) HOUSING IS LIMITED; PLEASE MAKE YOUR RESERVATION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. You will receive a confirmation of your reservation and a map by mail. DRAFT PROGRAM FOR THE 1993 COSWL LANGUAGE AND GENDER CONFERENCE "The Language-Gender Interface: Theories and Methods for Research and Teaching" July 15-18, 1993, Columbus, Ohio Sponsored by the Committee on the Status of Women in Linguistics Affiliated with the the Linguistic Society of America's 1993 Linguistic Institute Conference Organizers: Victoria Bergvall (Michigan Tech U), chair; Janet Bing (Old Dominion U), Alice Freed (Montclair State Col), Kathryn Remlinger (Michigan Tech U), and Christie Block (OSU). NOTE: Several of the events in this program are still under negotiation; this represents the best picture to date. ----------------- TUESDAY: Please note that the plenary address to the Linguistic Institute by Sally McConnell-Ginet and Penelope Eckert, previously scheduled for July 13, has been moved to the evening of July 20. ----------------- THURSDAY, JULY 15 7-9 pm casual reception/registration (at Drackett Hall, housing check-in site) ----------------- FRIDAY, JULY 16 8:00 Registration opens at conference site (Campbell Hall) 8:45 Welcome, opening remarks, announcements SESSION A: THEORY AND METHOD IN LANGUAGE AND GENDER RESEARCH 9:00-9:25 Bonnie McElhinny, Stanford U "Theories of Gender in Women's Studies and Linguistics: A Critical Review" 9:25-9:50 Mary Bucholtz, UC Berkeley "Theory and Practice in African American Women's Speech" 9:50-10:15 Alice Freed, Montclair State Col "Language and Gender Research in an Experimental Setting" 10:15-10:30 general discussion 10:30-10:45 break SESSION B: THE INTERFACE OF AGE AND GENDER IN LANGUAGE 10:45-11:10 Amy Sheldon, U Minnesota "'I want to play too': Preschool Girls' Negotiations for Power and Access" 11:10-11:35 Alice Greenwood, Vassar Col, "Floor Management and Power Strategies in Adolescent Conversation" 11:35-12:00 Pam Saunders, Philadelphia Geriatric Center, "Do Old Women Tell Secrets? An Analysis of Personal Talk in the Discourse of Elderly Women" 12:00-12:15 general discussion 12:15-2:00 Lunch break SESSION C: CONSTRUCTING A GENDERED IDENTITY, PART 1 2:00-2:25 Veronica O'Donovan, U Texas-Austin and Kira Hall, UC Berkeley "Gendering India's Third Sex: Constructions of Female and Male Self in the Hindi of the Banaras Hijras" 2:25-2:50 Miriam Meyerhoff, U Penn. and Nancy Niedzielski, UC Santa Barbara "Women's Identities: Interpersonal and Intergroup Perspectives on Constructing a Unique Identity" 2:50-3:15 Victoria Bergvall, Michigan Tech U "Constructing and Enacting Gender Through Discourse: Negotiating Multiple Roles as Female Engineering Students" 3:15-3:30 general discussion 3:30-3:45 break SESSION D: CONSTRUCTING A GENDERED IDENTITY, PART 2 3:45-4:10 Kira Hall, UC Berkeley "The Redefinition of Self Among Ashram Widows in Banaras" 4:10-4:35 Birch Moonwomon, USC "Syntactic Choice and Identity Construction in Narrative" 4:35-5:00 Anita Liang, UC Berkeley "Stepping Out of Institutional Roles: Telephone Service Encounters with Prank Callers" 5:00-5:15 general discussion 6:00 BANQUET 7:30-9:00 OPEN COSWL MEETING: discussion of other COSWL projects and issues, including the formation of a new LSA Women's Caucus. ----------------- SATURDAY, July 17 SESSION E: NEGOTIATING INTERACTION 9:00-9:25 Susan Ehrlich and Ruth King, York U "Feminist Linguistic Innovations: Negotiating Meaning" 9:25-9:50 Scott Kiesling, Georgetown U "Competitive Cooperativeness and Status in Male Discourse" 9:50-10:15 Sarah Bacon, Y. Ayanna Bennett, Ottrell Ferrell, Mona Kanda, and Carolyn Laub, Stanford U, "Gesture Patterns of Black and White Women in Conversation" 10:15-10:30 general discussion 10:30-10:45 break SESSION F: INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS ON LANGUAGE AND GENDER 10:45-11:10 Laurel Sutton, UC Berkeley "Using the NET: Gender, Power, and Silencing in Electronic Discourse" 11:10-11:35 Doris Ravotas, Copper Country Mental Health Center/Michigan Tech U "Discourse Patterns in a Family Therapy Case" 11:35-12:00 Livia Polanyi & Diana Strassmann, Rice U, Storytellers and Gatekeepers in Economics" 12:00-12:15 general discussion 12:15-2:00 Lunch break SESSION G: VIEWS ON CONVERSATION AND GENDER 2:00-2:25 Janice Drakich, Terry Chow, and Sandra Miller, U Windsor "An Experiential Course on Gender Communication and Academic Processes: The Relationship of Topic of Talk, Sex Composition, and Gender on Amount of Talk" 2:25-2:50 Anna Fellegy, U Minnesota "Minimal Response Patterns in Male Speech" 2:50-3:15 Liliana B. Anglada, Texas Tech U "Conversational Interactions Among Women and Men in the Spanish Variety Spoken in Argentina" 3:15-3:30 general discussion 3:30-3:45 break SESSION H: WOMEN AND MEN COMPARED 3:45-4:10 Genevieve Escure, U Minnesota "Gender and Tense Marking in a Creole Context" 4:10-4:35 Madeleine Youmans, USC and G. Genevieve Patthey- Chavez, UCLA and LA City Col "Action vs. Experience: Linguistic Contrasts in Women's and Men's Erotic Genres" 4:35-5:00 Deborah James, U Toronto-Scarborough"When and Why is Women's Speech Closer to the Standard than Men's? A Critical Review" 5:00-5:15 general discussion 5:15-7:30 dinner break 7:30 INVITED KEYNOTE SPEAKER: Deborah Cameron, U Strathclyde (comments by Penny Eckert, Institute for Research on Learning & Sally McConnell-Ginet, Cornell ?) 8:30 or 9:00 PARTY?/MUSIC (beginning after the keynote address is over) ----------------- SUNDAY, JULY 18 9:00-10:15 WORKSHOPS/DISCUSSION GROUPS (still to be confirmed) tentatively: The L&G Syllabus Collection Project, Bonnie McElhinny (Stanford) and Beth Hume (OSU) and Pedagogy of L&G, Janet Bing (Old Dominion U) Methods in L&G research Career Issues How to write an abstract for the LSA conference Issues of Race in Gender and Language Research 10:15-10:30 break 10:30-11:45 WORKSHOPS (repeats, extensions, or second set) 11:45-12:00 break 12:00-1:00 ROUNDTABLE/SUMMARY "Theory and Methods for Research and Teaching Language and Gender": Sally McConnell- Ginet, Penny Eckert, (Deborah Cameron, Victoria Bergvall, Alice Freed, Janet Bing) discussion of conference, future directions, audience commentary, closing comments PLUS, All day Sunday: WORKSHOPS/PARASESSION ON LESBIAN LANGUAGE(S) (Birch Moonwomon and Ruth Morgan, organizers) TUESDAY, July 20 evening: Plenary address to the Linguistic Institute by Sally McConnell-Ginet and Penelope Eckert, "Gender, Power, and Meaning." -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-479. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-480. Thu 17 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 161 Subject: 4.480 Jobs: General, Japanese Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 11:10:24 +0000 From: Steve Harlow Subject: Job UK 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 21:06:51 BST From: Durham.Linguistics@durham.ac.uk Subject: Japanese position at Durham -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 11:10:24 +0000 From: Steve Harlow Subject: Job UK UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UK DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE & LINGUISTIC SCIENCE Temporary Lectureship/Teaching Fellowship in Linguistics (NOTE: this post is additional to the two posts in English/Linguistics and French/Linguistics posted recently) I Applications are invited for a Temporary Lectureship/Teaching Fellowship in Linguistics in the Department of Language and Linguistic Science tenable from 1 October 1993 until 30 June 1994. II The department teaches a wide range of courses in general linguistics alongside courses in particular languages and the linguistics of those languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Swahili and Swedish. Undergraduate students study one or more languages and linguistics, and have a wide range of choice in the structure of their degree. The successful candidate will be expected to contribute to first year courses in general linguistics and to participate in first year general tutorial teaching of linguistic theory. Candidates should also be able to make some contribution to the teaching of courses in linguistics at more advanced level: our degree level courses in linguistics are listed in the further information, and we have flourishing graduate MA courses in linguistics, and Linguistics and English Language Teaching. There is some flexibility in our teaching programme and the incoming candidate could even offer his or her own course. Preference may be given to candidates who have expertise in English, german or Hindi (language or linguistics), but candidates with other areas of specialism are encouraged to apply. The precise duties of the post will be by arrangement with the Head of Department. The department provides a lively and supportive research environment; our research is mainly focussed on phonetics, phonology, syntax and sociolinguistics but the research interests of members of the department include semantics, computational linguistics, conversational analysis, historical linguistics, dialectology and second language acquisition. The department also houses a major research project into high quality speech synthesis which is funded by British Telecom Plc. Candidates should have an established area of linguistic expertise and should preferably show a commitment to research in a branch of linguistics relevant to the Department's work. The annual undergraduate intake of the department is between 55 and 60 students. Further information on undergraduate courses offered in the Department is available, as is a list of members of staff and their interests. III The salary will be on the scale: 12,638 -17,122 pounds per annum, paid pro rata according to age, qualifications and experience. The University will meet the full cost, within reason, of removal of furniture and household effects within the United Kingdom. The extent of payment of removal expenses of members of staff coming from overseas is at the discretion of the Vice-Chancellor. Three estimates of removal costs (one of which should be from a York firm) must be obtained and the University will meet the cost of the lowest estimate. IV Five copies of applications (one from overseas candidates or those also applying for our post in Linguistics and English language), including letter of application, full curriculum vitae and the names of three referees, should be sent by Wednesday 30 June to the Personnel Office, University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK (fax (0904) 433433). Further information is available by email from Steve Harlow at the addresses below. Please supply e-mail addresses and fax numbers both for yourself and for referees if possible. There are no printed application forms. In their letter of application candidates should outline their teaching experience and research interests, and they should indicate the contribution to teaching they would feel competent to make both at first year undergraduate level and in more specialized courses. We would consider making a part-time appointment. We hope to interview in York in late July; please tell us about your availability during this period June 1993 Steve Harlow Dept of Language and Linguistic Science Tel: +44 904 432654 University of York Internet: sjh1@tower.york.ac.uk York Y01 5DD, UK Janet: sjh1@uk.ac.york.tower -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 21:06:51 BST From: Durham.Linguistics@durham.ac.uk Subject: Japanese position at Durham POSITION IN JAPANESE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UK The University of Durham is advertising a lectureship in Japanese, a potentially permanent position after a 3 year probation period. Deadline for receipt of applications is VERY SOON, June 25. Applications include forms for the purpose, a c.v., 3 references with addresses and phone numbers (but the letters themselves are requested by the University). The possible starting range converted to $ is c. between 20,000 and 37,000. There is a moving allowance and a good retirement plan. This is not of course the official announcement, which is pages long, including the history of Durham, etc. The candidate must have a PhD and some FURTHER PUBLICATIONS, will be involved in a small but expanding program in Japanese language teaching, and will be central in orienting departmental research directions. Present courses in the department concern post-1870 Japanese literature, culture, and social science, so the position has not been envisaged as one in linguistics. However, through the intervention of Linguistics here, an effective case can be made for redirecting priorities in this direction for a strong linguistics candidate. Contact Joseph Emonds for suggestions on how to arrange the vita and what to stress in a cover letter. We are interested in helping to recruit not only linguists, but any candidate who seems a potential strong asset here to our program. Please contact Joseph Emonds immediately if interested at e-mail: j.e.emonds@durham.ac.uk fax: (44-91) 374-7471. Your e-mail or fax should contain as much relevant information to help to sort out answers in your favor as possible--roughly, your referees, where you have a PhD, what kind of publications you do, etc. Durham is very convenient to get to by train as it is on the London-Edinburgh mainline. It is 20 minutes from Newcastle airport and 3 hours from the Manchester airport by train. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-480. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-481. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 341 Subject: 4.481 Sum: English Juncture Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 93 17:41:45 BST From: maxw@cogs.susx.ac.uk (Max W. Wheeler) Subject: Sum: English juncture (grey day/grade A) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 93 17:41:45 BST From: maxw@cogs.susx.ac.uk (Max W. Wheeler) Subject: Sum: English juncture (grey day/grade A) A couple of weeks ago I posted the following query: >A graduate student of mine is investigating non-native speakers' sensitivity >to English juncture phenomena. She wishes to collect a good range of examples >of pairs which share (more or less) the same phonemes but have different >boundaries or juncture phenomena. Several such pairs are classics of the >literature, e.g.: night-rate nitrate grey day grade A why choose white shoes I scream ice cream >I have a feeling that somewhere there are substantial collections of such >pairs. Can anyone point out a useful source? >Has anyone any such pairs that they have heard, read, invented that they'd be >willing to share? >The best examples, for our purpose, are those which can more or less >plausibly be fitted into the same frame sentence, such as: I have {known oceans/no notions} that you yourself couldn't imagine Any {grey day/grade A} would be bad news for one professor I know Many thanks for all the replies; I haven't been able to thank you all individually. So thanks now to: Sheri, Jerry Neufeld-Kaiser, Helen Karn, Thomas Ihde, Louise Kelly, Helena Halmari, James E. Cathey, Martine Grice, Julie Vonwiller, John Lawler, Paul Black, Leslie Morgan, Neal Norrick, Harold Schiffman, Larry Trask, Mark A. Mandel, Robin Barr, Steven Schaufele. I include below the examples and the references which were contributed. I observe that nearly all the examples involve 1) possible final/initial allophonic differences (aspiration, vowel or sonorant length, etc.), 2) gemination (e.g. some others/some mothers), or 3) syllabification alone (e.g. an aim/a name). It's interesting that people haven't given much attention to pairs which involve neutralizing assimilation (e.g. bad girl/bag girl) or elision (e.g. lease pretext/least pretext, hold length/whole length). From the point of view of non-native listening comprehension, one might expect these types to be equally problematic. Sheri >[...]'oh, no! [this guy/the sky} is falling!' Jerry Neufeld-Kaiser >i like "sadder day/ Saturday" Helen Karn >[...] >Lehiste, Ilse. 1960. An acoustic-phonetic study of internal open >juncture. Phonetica 5 (supplement). pp. 5-54. >She conducted experiments on pairs such as: a nice man - an ice man grade A - gray day home-acre - hoe-maker it sprays - it's praise keep sticking - keeps ticking night rate - nitrate - Nye-trait plum pie - plump eye see lying - seal eyeing see Mabel - seem able two lips - tulips white shoes - why choose >among others (see also p. 19 from the same article). L Kelly >[...] I'm now coming to the end of my PhD looking into the Segmentation >Strategies of Aphasic Listeners. The first experiment I carried out >investigated whether the supposed acoustic cues to juncture were still >accessible to aphasics. I used the types of materials you requested and >managed with some difficulty to assemble a sufficiently long list of them. >The usefulness of some is very accent dependent and in many ways I still >found the list unsatisfactory. Although I presented my items in >isolation, and therefore didn't have to [en]sure that they fitted into the >same sentence frame, I did find it difficult to construct pairs which >were balanced for frequency, concreteness and plausibility. >My sources were mainly: >Ilse Lehiste's (1960) An Acoustic-Phonetic Study of Internal Open >Juncture, published by Buchdruckeri National-Zeitung, Basel, >Nakatani L. H. & Dukes, K.D., 1977, Locus of Segmental Cues to Word >Juncture, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol 62, pp >714-719 and >Barry, W J, 1981, Internal Juncture and Speech Communication, >Arbeitsberichte. Institut fu"r Phonetik. University of Kiel. Vol 16. >Cutler & Butterfield, Rhythmic Cues to Speech Segmentation. Evidence >from juncture misperception, 1992, Journal of Memory and Language, Vol >31(2) 218-236 Provides materials in context frames where the >alternative segmentations lead to one Vs two word parsings: in furs Vs >infers. 1 Stay dill stayed ill 2 known ocean no notion 3 bee feeder beef eater 4 night rate nitrate 5 new Deal nude eel 6 be quiet Beek Wyatt 7 Cato Kay toe 8 freed Annie free Danny 9 get aboard get a board 10 hiatus Hy ate us 11 holy wholly 12 ho[e] maker home-acre 13 twenty six ones twenty sick swans 14 the suns rays meet the sons raise meat 15 tulips two lips 16 seize ooze see zoos 17 pinch air pin chair 18 pawn shop paunch op 19 four met form ate 20 fork reeps four creeps 21 your crimes York rhymes 22 sick squid six quid 23 scar face scarf ace 24 catch ooze cat chews 25 bean ice be nice 26 thing call think all 27 bang cat bank at 28 her butter herb utter 29 field red feel dread 30 yelp at yell Pat 31 damn pegs damp eggs 32 well done other weld another 33 great ape grey tape 34 it swings its wings 35 grey day grade a 36 an iceman a nice man 37 see the meat see them eat 38 seal eyeing see lying 39 see Mabel seem able 40 peace talks pea stalks 41 play taught plate ought 42 tour an two ran 43 buys ink buy zinc 44 that's tough that stuff 45 a name an aim 46 lawn chair launch air 47 it sprays its praise 48 keeps ticking keep sticking 49 grasp rice grass price 50 a notion an ocean 51 may cough make off 52 beer drips beard rips 53 ice cream I scream 54 grey tape great ape [=33] 55 plum pie plump eye 56 why choose white shoes 57 I stink iced ink 58 we'll own we loan 59 youth read you thread Helena Halmari >[...] As a newly arrived graduate student (I'm a non-native speaker of >English), a fellow student of mine asked me: "Do you have a fall schedule?" >--I interpreted this as "Do you have a false schedule?" (I happened to be >sitting in the tutoring room after my tutoring session had passed.) >[...] When the customer is asked "Soup or salad?", foreigners, not expecting >that routine question, easily interpret it as "Super salad?" --which is >assumed to be some kind of wonderful house salad, being served as an option. JAMES E. CATHEY >Funny you should ask. Just before I read your inquiry (enquiry?) I >heard the sign-off lines of a popular program here on National Public >Radio called 'Car Talk'. Imaginary sponsors and producers are named >including the following, only two of which I recall just now. Dewey, Cheatham & Howe (Attorneys) Do we cheat them, an how! Lois Steam low esteem Martine Grice >In doing assessment of synthetic speech, I classified juncture errors >between word1 and word2 into three main types: >1. (a)transfer of segment from word1 to word2 and (b) word2 to word1 >2. gemination across word boundary >3. degemination across word boundary e.g.s: 1. (a) keeps leaping -> keep sleeping (b) keep sleeping -> keeps leaping 2. keeps leaping -> keeps sleeping or keep sleeping -> keeps sleeping 3. keeps sleeping -> keeps leaping or keep sleeping >Another paradigm could be keep sticking/keeps ticking/keeps sticking. >[...]I referred to these types of juncture error very briefly in Grice, >Martine and Hazan, Valerie, 1989, The assessment of synthetic speech >intelligibility using semantically unpredictable sentences, Speech, >Hearing and Language, Work in Progress, University College London. The >inferior quality of the synthetic speech often caused more than one type of >error at once (bright eye -> dry tie). julie@ee.su.OZ.AU (Julie Vonwiller) >Have a look at the sentences in Price P, Ostendorf M, Shattuck-Huffnagel S & >Fong C (1991) "The use of prosody in syntactic disambibuation" >JASA 90 (6) pp2956-2970. It has some good examples, John.M.Lawler@um.cc.umich.edu >In about 1966, if memory serves, James E. Hoard (with whom I was a >grad student at University of Washington at the time) published an article >in (I think) Glossa in which he discussed the results of an experiment >with English juncture phrases. To do it, he had made up an amusing >little story that used all the juncture pairs (and some triplets). As >I recall, it was called "Dr. Nye, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying >and Love the Iceman", and he was disappointed that Glossa wouldn't >print it. [The paper is probably `Juncture and syllable structure', Phonetica 15, 1966, 96-109 -MWW.] Paul Black >These are old - from Gleason's Intro to Descriptive Linguistics? Or >Hockett's?? [Not Gleason, as far as I can see --brief mention of nitrate, pp 42-3, nor Hockett --see below -MWW.] (If you listen you can hear the) night rain / night train . (How did you do in the) contest / Kant test ? >The latter with American /a/ in 'contest', of course [and in Kant -MWW]. Leslie Morgan >I've taught constrative structures of English and Italian, using >Agard & DiPietro's *The Sounds of English and Italian*. There is >a section on Juncture (pp. 43-44) which lists a few English >examples- it sprays/it's praise; stop spinning/stops spinning; >buy cakes/bike aches. NealNorrick >Hockett's now old introductory text has what I consider >the standard description of juncture phenomena. I guess >he mentions night rate/nitrate and why choose/white shoes. [The ref is to Charles F. Hockett, _A Course in Modern Linguistics_, New York: Macmillan, 1958, 54-61 -MWW.] >There are some nice examples involving "rude" words: >catch it/cat shit, new direction/nude erection and so on [not in Hockett, though, -MWW] Harold Schiffman >Here's a pair that I discovered recently, and like because it illustrates >critical presence/absence of aspiration: append vs. upend (up-end?) I >haven't thought of a context for both of them, but since they're both >transitive verbs it ought to be possible. Larry Trask >While I can't now recall the source, I'm told that the following >is a genuine example of a businessman dictating to his secretary: The cost of this project was calculated with a sly drool. (sc. `slide rule') >The same source also provided `four-stair system' for `forced-air >system'. Mark A. Mandel >In _The Joy of Lex_ (Giles Brandreth, 1980, New York: William >Morrow and Co.), pp. 58-59, are a dozen "oronyms". I haven't >heard this term elsewhere; I suspect Brandreth coined it from the >root of "oral". Here's what he says. I have condensed the >sentence pairs with brace notation. ----------- BEGIN QUOTATION ------------- WHAT DID YOU SAY? Taking dictation isn't always easy because sometimes what you hear isn't what you're supposed to hear. Oronyms are sentences that can be read in two ways with the same sound. To inspire you to cook up some oronyms of your own, here are a dozen of my favorites: The {stuffy nose / stuff he knows} can lead to problems. Where is the {spice center / spy center}? Are you aware of the words you have {just uttered / just stuttered}? That's the {biggest hurdle / biggest turtle} I've ever seen! I'm taking {a nice / an ice} cold shower. He would kill Hamlet for {that reason / that treason}. You'd be surprised to see a {mint spy / mince pie} in your bank. {Some others / Some mothers} I've seen... Reading in the library is sometimes {allowed / aloud}. A politician's fate often hangs in a {delicate / delegate} balance. {White shoes: / Why choose} the trademark of Pat Boone{. / ?} The {secretariat's sphere / secretariat's fear} of competence. ----------- END QUOTATION ------------- Robin Barr >My favorite example of English juncture is Leonard >Bloomfield's disguised illustration from his essay >"On Juncture" (? Sorry--I don't have the reference >in front of me.) catch it vs. that shirt >I use this to prove to my students that Bloomfield >really did have a sense of humor. Steven Schaufele >[...] would the following be relevant? I don't know how {mature/much your} people enjoy such a show >There's going to be some dialectal variation on this, of course. Over here >in the States, the standard dialect features complete palatalization of the >'t' in 'mature', so that 'mature' and 'much your' have the same phonemes; >the string could be disambiguated by attention to stress, but even that can >be offset by a contrastive-stress-reading of 'how much *your* people enjoy >...' That's all, folks! Greetings and best wishes. Max Wheeler, School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BRIGHTON BN1 9QH U.K. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-481. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-482. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 89 Subject: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 11:30:01 METDST From: Toni Badia Subject: Query on German Terminological Data-Bases 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 13:59:14 -0700 (PDT) From: Janet Upton Subject: Tibetan and Chinese Word Processing? 3) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 09:19:25 MDT From: frantzn@hg.uleth.ca Subject: acronym definition -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 11:30:01 METDST From: Toni Badia Subject: Query on German Terminological Data-Bases A colleague of mine is working in the translation of SPL documents from German to Catalan. Her work would be much faster if she could access some terminological database. Could you inform her of any existing terminological database in German? And particularly of any such database which can be accessed eletronically? Please reply to the address above. Thanks in advance. Toni Badia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 13:59:14 -0700 (PDT) From: Janet Upton Subject: Tibetan and Chinese Word Processing? I am searching for programs that will allow me to do word processing in Tibetan and/or Chinese. I am currently using a 486dx/33mhz IBM compatible laptop computer with a 130mb hard drive and equipped with DOS 6.0 and Windows 3.1. I'm printing with a IBM portable printer, but I do have access to HP laser printers as well. I am particularly interested in a Chinese program that will allow me to enter the pinyin and produce both complex and simplified characters. I am also interested in a Tibetan program that will allow me to make entries phonetically. I would appreciate any information anyone out there has about possible resources. Thanks! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 09:19:25 MDT From: frantzn@hg.uleth.ca Subject: acronym definition It has long bothered me that the term is used not only for initials which form a pronounceable string like NATO, GAT, UNESCO, etc., but also for commonly repeated initials like PTA, TG, GB, etc. Granted, the latter take on an identity or unity beyond a simple string of initial consonants, there should be some terminological difference between a string of letters and a word that is the the result of treating the string of letters as graphemes representing phonemes. Am I alone in this opinion? I'd like to hear what others think. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-482. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-483. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 47 Subject: 4.483 Jobs: Phonetics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 93 13:11:07 BST From: Linda Shockey Subject: Lectureship in Phonetics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 93 13:11:07 BST From: Linda Shockey Subject: Lectureship in Phonetics UNIVERSITY OF READING LECTURER IN PHONETICS (WITH SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY) Applications are invited for a Temporary Lectureship in Phonetics in the Department of Linguistic Science for a period of one year from 1 October 1993. Applications are particularly welcome from suitably qualified candidates who have relevant research experience and who are qualified speech therapists. Salary scale #13,601 to #18,855 pa (Grade A) or #19,642 to #25,107 pa (Grade B) plus USS benefits. Further particulars and application forms (2 copies) are available from the Personnel Office, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Reading, RG6 2AH. Tel (0734) 318751. Please quote reference AC.9328. Closing date extended to 16th July. Likely interview date 22nd July. Queries may also be addressed to Professor D.A. Wilkins on e-mail at llswidav@reading.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-483. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-484. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 85 Subject: 4.484 Sum: Morphology & Mind Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 11:39:40 EDT From: gouzevgv@sun.mcs.clarkson.edu (Gregory V. Gouzev) Subject: Morphology & Mind -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 11:39:40 EDT From: gouzevgv@sun.mcs.clarkson.edu (Gregory V. Gouzev) Subject: Morphology & Mind Dear LINGUISTS, I posted a request for more information on Hall's book "Morphology and Mind" a week ago. Numerous replies have come since then, and I don't have a possibility to list all who cared to reply. Thank you very much indeed! One of them, however, had a short description of the book. It came from prof. Robert Hamilton and follows below. I want to thank him for his readiness to help and sending me a full-sized review which will, hopefully, appear in "Language". Yours, Gregory Gouzev. ____________________________________________________________________ >From HAMILTN@UNIVSCVM.CSD.SCAROLINA.EDU Thu Jun 10 21:36:19 1993 >Subject: MORH and MIND Dear Gregory: Here is the info on Hall's book: Hall, Christopher. 1992. Morphology and mind: A unified approach to explanation in linguistics. (Theoretical Linguistics.) New York: Routledge. The publisher's address is: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc. 29 West 35th Str., New York, NY 10001 I don't have their phone, but you could get it from your reference librarian. I also don't know the price offhand--I borrowed my copy from our library. Hall's book is fascinating: he seeks to account for the predominance of suffixation over prefixation in the world's languages in a more comprehensive way than has been done before. He basically argues for a functional explanation drawing on psycholinguistic processing facts in union with a theory of diachronic change in the primary language acquisition process. The crux of his analysis is of 'flirting' analyses made by the language acquirer wherein a morpheme formerly analyzed as free is analyzed as bound, but not completely so. Using a cohort model of lexical access, he argues that flirting analyses involve the activation of two cohorts within a single lexical entry (a nonflirting analysis of a typical word would instead involve activation of a single cohort within a single lexical entry). His main point is that flirting analyses are more readily retained where the newly analyzed bound morpheme is a suffix rather than a prefix. He caps off the book with a new psycholinguistic gating experiment designed to show the feasibility of flirting analyses (I consider this experiment to be crucially flawed due to his choice of subjects--apparently adults-- from which he attempts to generalize to children acquiring a native language). I have submitted a book review of this book to _Language_ and would gladly attach a copy of it to this message except that I have no easy way to transfer it from my file to this e-mail format. But I hope the above brief summary helps. Sincerely, Bob Hamilton, University of South Carolina 5310 Two Notch Rd #24 Columbia SC 29204, USA (803) 786-9621 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-484. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-485. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 101 Subject: 4.485 Preprint: The Acquisition of Morphology Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 10:29:13 -0500 From: "Michael Gasser" Subject: Technical report on morphology acquisition available by ftp -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 10:29:13 -0500 From: "Michael Gasser" Subject: Technical report on morphology acquisition available by ftp The following paper is available in compressed postscript form by anonymous ftp from the Indiana University Computer Science Department ftp archive (instructions below). The paper is 60 pages long. Hardcopies are not yet available, maybe in the fall. Comments welcome. Michael Gasser gasser@cs.indiana.edu ================================================================= Learning Words in Time: Towards a Modular Connectionist Account of the Acquisition of Receptive Morphology Michael Gasser Computer Science and Linguistics Departments Indiana University To have learned the morphology of a natural language is to have the capacity both to recognize and to produce words consisting of novel combinations of familiar morphemes. Most recent work on the acquisition of morphology takes the perspective of production, but it is receptive morphology which comes first in the child. This paper presents a connectionist model of the acquisition of the capacity to recognize morphologically complex words. The model takes sequences of phonetic segments as inputs and maps them onto output units representing the meanings of lexical and grammatical morphemes. It consists of a simple recurrent network with separate hidden-layer modules for the tasks of recognizing the root and the grammatical morphemes of the input word. Experiments with artificial language stimuli demonstrate that the model generalizes to novel words for morphological rules of all but one of the major types found in natural languages and that a version of the network with unassigned hidden-layer modules can learn to assign them to the output recognition tasks in an efficient manner. I also argue that for rules involving reduplication, that is, the copying of portions of a root, the network requires separate recurrent subnetworks for sequences of larger units such as syllables. The network can learn to develop its own syllable representations which not only support the recognition of reduplication but also provide the basis for learning to produce, as well as recognize, morphologically complex words. The model makes many detailed predictions about the learning difficulty of particular morphological rules. ************************************************ INSTRUCTIONS FOR ELECTRONIC RETRIEVAL VIA ANONYMOUS FTP unix> ftp cs.indiana.edu # or ftp 129.79.254.191 Connected to cs.indiana.edu. 220 moose FTP server (Version 2.0WU(11) Tue Apr 20 16:27:56 EST 1993) ready. Name (cs.indiana.edu:gasser): anonymous 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. Password: 230-Welcome, archive user! This is an experimental FTP server. If have any 230-unusual problems, please report them via e-mail to root@moose 230-If you do have problems, please try using a dash (-) as the first character 230-of your password -- this will turn off the continuation messages that may 230-be confusing your ftp client. 230- 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply. ftp> cd pub/techreports 250 CWD command successful. ftp> binary 200 Type set to I. ftp> get TR384.ps.Z 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for TR384.ps.Z (311529 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. local: TR384.ps.Z remote: TR384.ps.Z 311529 bytes received in 2.2 seconds (1.4e+02 Kbytes/s) ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. unix> uncompress TR384.ps.Z unix> lpr TR384.ps # or however you print PostScript files -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-485. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-486. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 182 Subject: 4.486 Confs: International Workshop on Parsing Technologies Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 1993 14:32:58 +0200 From: bunt@kub.nl (Harry C. Bunt, ITK) Subject: IWPT'93 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 1993 14:32:58 +0200 From: bunt@kub.nl (Harry C. Bunt, ITK) Subject: IWPT'93 IWPT'93: THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARSING TECHNOLOGIES ***** *** 10 - 13 August 1993 Tilburg (NL)/Durbuy (B) Sponsored by ACL/SIGPARSE Association for Computational Linguistics Special Interest Group on Parsing The Third international Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT'93) will take place this year on August 10 through 13. Like IWPT'89, this workshop will take place in two locations: on August 10-11 on the premises of Tilburg University in Tilburg, in the South of The Netherlands; the workshop then moves to the of a resort in the Ardennes in Durbuy, Belgium. Topics of interest include: Theoretical and practical studies of parsing algorithms for natural language sentences, texts, fragments, dialogues, ill-formed sentences, speech input, and multi-dimensional (pictorial) language. Workshop Chairman: Harry Bunt (Tilburg) General Chairman: Masaru Tomita (Pittsburgh) Program Committee: Robert Berwick, Harry Bunt, Ken Church, Aravind Joshi,Ronald Kaplan, Martin Kay, Bernard Lang, Makoto Nagao, Anton Nijholt, Mark Steedman, Henry Thompson, Masaru Tomita, K. Vijay-Shanker, Yorick Wilks, Kent Wittenburg C a l l f o r P a r t i c i p a t i o n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To register, fill out the electronic registration form at the bottom of this message and send it to iwpt@kub.nl. Harry Bunt IWPT'93 Workshop Chair ITK, Institute for Language Technology and Artificial Intelligence Tilburg University 500 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands Inquiries should be directed to: IWPT'93 Secretariat phone + 31-13-663168 fax + 31-13-662537 email iwpt@kub.nl Provisional program listing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The following submitted papers will be presented: * Rens BOD (Amsterdam, Netherlands): Monte Carlo parsing * Eric BRILL (Philadelphia, USA): Transformation-Based Error-Driven parsing * Harry BUNT and Ko van der SLOOT (Tilburg, Netherlands): Parsing as dynamic evaluation * Bob CARPENTER (Pittsburgh, USA): Compilation of Typed Attribute-Value Logic Grammars for Parsing * Gennaro COSTAGLIOLA (Salerno, Italy) LR Parsing from an Arbitrary Starting Point * Nigel R. ELLIS, Roberto GARIGLIANO and Richard G. MORGAN (Durham, England): A New Transformation into Deterministically Parseable Form for Natural language Grammars * Joe GARMAN, Jeffery MARTIN, Paola MERLO and Amy WEINBERG (Geneve, Switzerland and College Park, Maryland, USA)): A Parameterised Principle-based Parser for Foreign Language Training in German and Arabic * G.F. van der HOEVEN (Enschede, Netherlands): An algorithm for the construction of dependency trees * Sadao KUROHASHI and Makoto NAGAO (Kyoto, Japan): Structural Disambiguation in Japanese by Evaluating Case Structures based on Examples in Case Frame Dictionary * Alon LAVIE and Masaru TOMITA (Pittsburgh, USA): An Efficient Word-Skipping Parsing Algorithm for Context-Free Grammars * Rene LEERMAKERS (Eindhoven, Netherlands): The use of bunches in parsing theory. * Rudi LUTZ (Brighton, England): "Dual" Chart Parsing of Flowgraphs for Program Understanding * David D. McDONALD (Brandeis U., USA): The interplay of syntactic and semantic node labels in partial parsing * M.J. NEDERHOF and J.J. SARBO (Nijmegen, Netherlands): Increasing the Applicability of LR Parsing * Michael O'DONNELL (Sydney, Australia): Parsing with Systemic Grammar * Stephan RAAIJMAKERS (Tilburg, Netherlands): A proof-theoretic reconstruction of HPSG * James ROGERS and K. VIJAY-SHANKER (Newark, Delaware, USA): Towards a Formal Understanding of the Determinism Hypothesis in D-Theory * Ralph ROENNQUIST and Mats WIREN (Saarbruecken, Germany): Fully Incremental Parsing * Klaas SIKKEL and Rieks op den AKKER (Enschede, Netherlands): Context-Free Head-Corner Parsing in Cubic Time * Daniel D. SLEATOR and Davy TEMPERLEY (Pittsburg, USA): Parsing English with a Link Grammar * Tomek STRZALKOWKSI (New York, USA): Evaluation of TTP parser: a preliminary report * Hozumi TANAKA, Takenobu TOKUNAGA and Michio AIZAWA (Tokyo, Japan) Integration of Morphological ans Syntactic Analysis based on the LR Parsing Algorithm * Hideto TOMABECHI (Tokushima, Japan): A Soft Graph Unification Method for Robust Parsing * Paul OUDE LITTIGHUIS and Klaas SIKKEL (Enschede, Netherlands): Generalized LR Parsing of Attribute Grammars * Akira USHIODA, Alex WAIBEL, Ted GIBSON, David EVANS (Pittsburgh, USA): The Automatic Acquisition of Frequencies of Verb Subcategorization Frames from Tagged Corpora * A. Ruvan WEERASINGHE and Robin P. FAWCETT (Cardiff, UK.): Incremental Parsing in Systemic Functional Grammar * Fuliang WENG (Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA): Handling Syntactic Extra-Grammaticality * Kent WITTENBURG (Bellcore, USA): Adventures in Multidimensional Parsing: Cycles and Disorders -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-486. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-487. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 153 Subject: 4.487 Confs: Logic and Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 17 Jun 1993 12:53:10 -0700 (MST) From: OEHRLE@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 17 Jun 1993 12:53:10 -0700 (MST) From: OEHRLE@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Attached is the program for the ASL/LSA Conference on Logic and Linguistics, which is to be held this summer in Columbus, Ohio, in conjunction with the 1993 LSA Linguistic Institute. At the end of the program, you will find information concerning the location of the meeting, and details concerning accommodations and registration. We would like to encourage participants to register in advance of the meeting. Yours, Dick Oehrle (for the Program Committee) *********************************************************************** ASL/LSA CONFERENCE ON LOGIC AND LINGUISTICS to be held at The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio July 31-August 1, 1993 in conjunction with the 1993 LSA Linguistic Institute sponsored by The Association for Symbolic Logic and The Linguistic Society of America Saturday, 31 July: 9:00 - 10:00 INVITED TALK. G. Morrill (Barcelona), "Discontinuity and pied piping in categorial grammar" 10:00 - 10:30 F. Moltmann (Amsterdam), "Exception sentences" break 10:45 -11:15 A. Shimojima (Indiana), "Definite descriptions revisited by situations" 11:15 - 11:45 F. B. Baldwin (Penn), "Individuation and entities in discourse" 11:45 - 12:15 W. Saurer (Saarbruecken), "A note on anaphora and inference" lunch 1:45 - 2:15 H. Hoekstra (Utrecht), "Subsectional anaphora in DRT" 2:15 - 2:45 S. Glasbey (Edinburgh), "A formal analysis of `the X' and `the same X' in discourse" 2:45 - 3:15 D. Hardt (Penn), "A uniform theory of anaphoric interpretation" break 3:30 - 4:00 K. Yabushita (Texas), "Exhaustiveness as an operation on information states" 4:00 - 4:30 R. Cooper & J. Ginzburg (Edinburgh), "Enriched answerhood, goals and mental state dynamics" 4:30 - 5:30 INVITED TALK. E. Keenan & E. Stabler (UCLA), "Syntactically identifiable sets" Sunday, 1 August: 9:00 - 9:30 M. Fried (Berkeley), "Event-based system of thematic roles" 9:30 - 10:00 K. Fukushima (Michigan State), "Numeral classifier doubling: a stumbling black for an LF-account of quantifier scope" 10:00 - 10:30 K. Russell (USC), "Some implications of the representation/description distinction for phonology" break 10:45 - 11:15 B. Carpenter (CMU), "An Attribute-Value Logic for Set Descriptions" 11:15 - 12:15 INVITED TALK. J. Hodas & D. Miller (Penn), "Applications of linear logic and higher-order quantification to computational linguistics" lunch 1:45 - 2:15 S. Lappin (IBM), "E-type pronouns as functions to i-sums" 2:15 - 2:45 A. Ojeda (UC Davis), "The semantics of the Italian double plural" 2:45 - 3:15 M. White (Penn), "Aspectual composition and the accidental referential homogeneity problem" break 3:30 - 4:00 T. Fernando (Amsterdam), "Two extensions of dynamic logic" 4:00 - 4:30 R. Blutner (Humboldt University), "Nonmonotonic logic, dynamic semantics, and adverbs of generic quantification" 4:30 - 5:00 S. Shapiro (Ohio State), "Logical consequence: models and modality" Location: University Hall 14, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Dormitory Accommodations On-Campus: Housing in student dormitory rooms is available at the rates of $25/night (single room) and $14.75/person/night (double room). For further information and reservations, contact: Douglas M. Koyle (Coordinator of Conference & Orientation Housing), Student Housing, Royer Common, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (telephone: 614-292-9725). Hotel Accommodations: A block of rooms has been reserved for conference participants at the OSU-Area Holiday Inn, 328 W. Lane Av, a 10-15 minute walk from the conference site. This block will be guaranteed through July 12 (but rooms may still be available subsequently) at a conference rate of $57/night flat rate (i.e. for 1 to 4 persons/room). To make reservations, call 614-294-4848 or 800-HOLIDAY and mention the "ASL/LSA conference" (code: "ASL"). Registration Information: Advanced registration is encouraged. The registration fee for students is $15. The non-student registration fee is $35 (if received by July 15) or $40 (at the conference site). To register in advance of the conference, make out a check for the appropriate amount to "Ohio State University Dept. of Linguistics", write on the "memo" line "ASL/LSA Conference registration", and mail the check, along with your name, address, and affiliation to: David Dowty Department of Linguistics Oxley Hall 222 Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-487. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-488. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 114 Subject: 4.488 FYI: Plan to put Liddell Scott Jones Greek Lexicon on-line Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 93 09:33:33 EDT From: crane@ikaros.tamu.edu (gregory crane) Subject: plan to put the LSJ Greek lexicon on-line -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 93 09:33:33 EDT From: crane@ikaros.tamu.edu (gregory crane) Subject: plan to put the LSJ Greek lexicon on-line The following summarizes current plans to put the main Greek-English lexicon on-line. We would be very interested in doing what we could to make this usable by computational linguists. (We already plan to mine the lexicon for all of its morphological information and to triple our database of stems from c. 40,000 to 130,000). If anyone on this list is interest, let me know. Greg Crane crane@ikaros.harvard.edu ****** At the end of the summer, we plan to submit a proposal to the NEH to place on-line the ninth edition of the Liddell Scott Jones Greek-English Lexicon (LSJ-9). This lexicon contains more than 100,000 entries and 500,000 citations. First, published in 1940, LSJ-9 remains the most important printed tool for the student of Greek language. LSJ-9 will appear in the Perseus database, but we are anxious that LSJ-9 be available from other sources as well, on both CD ROM and via network (e.g., GOPHER, WAIS). Our goal will be to make this tool accessible to every student of Greek, from the second year language student to the professional classicist. In addition, we are collaborating with Oxford University Press to produce an on-line version of the forthcoming, updatedLSJ supplement that is compatible with the electronic LSJ-9. OUP intends to publish a CD ROM that incorporates both LSJ-9 and the forthcoming supplement. The scholar working with the electronic supplement and LSJ-9 would, in a effect, have a seamless new edition of the lexicon that automatically interweave the two. Between 1843 and 1897, Henry George Liddell supervised eight editions of the lexicon. The ninth edition was not completely published until 1940. Once we have placed the lexicon in a reasonably structured electronic format, the editors of LSJ will be able to publish new editions on a regular basis for the first time since Liddell's death in 1898. Furthermore, the electronic LSJ will stimulate the study of Greek language in many ways. It will be possible to cross- reference the LSJ head-words with smaller, more specialized lexicographic entries. New lexica on medical terminology or religious language placed in the same electronic environment as LSJ can be much more prominent and readily accessible, since the user looking for the LSJ definition of a term could simultaneously be informed if other sources contain references to that entry. There are many scholars who will devote portions of their time to the study of Greek language if they can bring the results of their work quickly before many students of classical Greece. In addition, visual databases on ancient Greece have already begun to appear (Perseus 2.0, for example, will contain more than 30,000 images). New lexicographic work will be able to include not only words but drawings and pictures -- a major step forward for many topics. The electronic LSJ will, of course, do things that its printed counterpart cannot and will support readers of Greek at many levels. Users will thus be able to go from a reference in LSJ to the full text in the TLG or other appropriate Greek databases. The morphological information in LSJ will also allow new types of searching in the TLG: e.g., asking for FE/RW would also retrieve OI)/SW and H)/NEGKON. Conversely, users working with the TLG could go from any form to its dictionary entry: e.g., confronted with H)/NEGKON, one could learn that this was a form of FE/RW. The system would even make it easier to identify the probable definition, searching for entries that cite "Homer" or "Tragedy," or simply letting the user view an outline of the entry (six columns for FE/RW). Comments and reactions are welcome. A draft copy of the proposal ready by mid June and will be sent to anyone who is interested in what we are planning to do. Gregory Crane crane@ikaros.harvard.edu Tufts University Dept of Classics Eaton Hall Medford MA 02155 June 19, 1993 NOTE: Permission is included to anyone who wishes to repost this notice to any other source. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-488. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-489. Fri 18 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 236 Subject: 4.489 Linguistics and GB Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 17:31 PDT From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 4.477 The Politics of Linguistics? 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 18:16:49 -0700 (PDT) From: Frederick Newmeyer Subject: Jobs and GB 3) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 23:10:53 EDT From: pesetsk@Athena.MIT.EDU Subject: The Politics of Linguistics 4) Date: 18 Jun 1993 10:47:18 -0600 From: "Andy Rogers" Subject: Re: 4.472 GB 5) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 20:55:20 BST From: Bill Bennett Subject: GB or not? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 17:31 PDT From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 4.477 The Politics of Linguistics? Never would I advocate cutting out discussions on politics. I am just not convinced that the evaluation of one particular theory of linguistics on the part of faculties hiring linguists is really a political discussion. But as one of the respondants replied, I am not looking for a job and so have not faced what some perceive to be a hostile world out there. I do not think linguistics is unique in the sciences in this regard nor do I think one should blame the situation on Chomsky. Over the years I, in fact, thhink he has been more maligned and misinterpreted both linguistically and poliltically than any other linguist and probably any other scholar of his repute. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 18:16:49 -0700 (PDT) From: Frederick Newmeyer Subject: Jobs and GB I have been following with some degree of disbelief the postings on the effects of the supposed domination of the field by Chomsky and his ideas. It appears to be taken as uncontroversial that working in GB gives one an edge in the job market. I see no reason whatever to believe that to be the case, at least as far as job openings in the United States are concerned. A few years ago, I documented in the journal LANGUAGE that fewer than half of the linguistics programs in the US are oriented primarily to generative grammar in *any* form. And many, if not most, of those that are generative are not GB-oriented: one thinks of Stanford, Illinois, Ohio State, Chicago, Minnesota, Indiana, Brown, Texas, and so on. I have seen no concerted effort by such departments to expand into GB. Most job seekers in linguistics, of course, end up in foreign language or English departments. Such departments are primarily interested in teaching experience and an impressive CV, not in the particular generative model that the applicant works in. I am willing to concede that the prestige of MIT gives its students an edge in the job market. But as someone who teaches in a provincial GB-oriented department, I can assure you that there is no general feeling here that our students have made a wise career move simply by working in GB. Fritz Newmeyer University of Washington, Seattle -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 23:10:53 EDT From: pesetsk@Athena.MIT.EDU Subject: The Politics of Linguistics Haspelmath (HASPELMATH@philologie.fu-berlin.d400.de) defends as follows the ongoing discussion of the evil influence of "GB" against Fromkin and Polinsky's injunctions to "get back to work": >Is politics confined to "smoke- >filled rooms" behind the scenes, or is it also discussed in an open and demo- >cratic form? The LINGUIST list seems ideally suited for such discussions -- >e-mail lists are among the most democratic media available Unfortunately, while LINGUIST is an equal-opportunity medium (for those with e-mail access), it is not an exercise in democracy any more than a radio talk show is. I sincerely hope the umpteen-thousand non-linguist readers of LINGUIST realize this. When professional-sociological issues arise on LINGUIST, it is generally those with axes to grind who contribute the most. This leads to a preponderance of disgruntled voices (whose documentation consists of anecdotes about the careerism of an unnamed Korean student, choice barbs from "a friend of mine who asked not to be named", and so forth). I can't think of a *more convenient* forum than LINGUIST for discussion and the propagation of information about linguistics, but readers should not conclude that this makes LINGUIST "democratic" in any helpful sense, any more than an election decided by White House mail would be democratic. Furthermore, even if it were, truth does not arise from a vote. I suspect that many syntacticians who care about these discussions nonetheless keep out of them -- on purpose. They don't want to be sucked into endless rounds of replies and replies to replies. Furthermore, people are loath to respond to let grousers (especially ill-informed grousers -- I do not suspect Haspelmath of this) set the agenda. Maybe this attitude is wrong -- ignore too much and you might wake up one morning with the barbarians at the gates. But that's how it is, whence the one-sided nature of many of these discussions. The best defense of any body of work *should* be the work itself, its impact on others, and the new work it generates. Most people who hold a view about language probably operate on the assumption that this sort of defense is sufficient. No additional exercise in "democracy", therefore, is undertaken, with the results visible all too often in LINGUIST. (None of these remarks should be taken as disparagement of the LINGUIST editors' remarkable achievement in creating and maintaining this resource.) Though I was momentarily swayed by Fromkin's and Polinsky's eloquent remarks, I agree with Haspelmath that the discussion might as well continue on LINGUIST (until the editors squelch it). That is, I don't think we should be ordered back to the linguistics lab, and I agree that there should be no taboo subjects. (Perhaps some useful points will actually be made if the discussion continues.) However, the lab is in fact where most of us are during most of our professional life. That is why the "GB" voices in LINGUIST are more often found in the queries messages than in the polemical messages, and why the best answers to the "GB"-grousing seen every few months on LINGUIST can be found in journals, dissertations, working papers and books. -David Pesetsky -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: 18 Jun 1993 10:47:18 -0600 From: "Andy Rogers" Subject: Re: 4.472 GB Reply to: RE>4.472 GB Like so many issues I see discussed on Linguist the discussion of whether one has to discuss syntax within the GB framework to be paid attention to and/or find a job reminds me that the more things change the more they stay the same. Move the discussion back 25 years and the question is whether one must discuss syntax within the framework of transformational grammar in order not to be dismissed out of hand; after that it was whether one had to belong to a particular evolutionary variant of that school. If the issue were resolved or not of significance to the business of linguistics, I could agree with Vicki's characterization of this thread as a rather ridiculous discussion and plea for everyone instead to focus on substantive linguistic reasearch, but as with so many linguistic debates (Plato, are you listening?) it is neither. The issue boils down, on a very plausible reading, to the question of what substantive linguistic research _is_. It is true, as Maria Polinsky asserts, that some linguists on some occassions are more willing to discuss the politics of linguistics than data; it is also true that on some occassions some linguists are more willing to split hairs over details of formalism than to discuss language data. Those perceived facts, among many others, are legitimate areas of discussion in a forum like Linguist. If you're not interested, there is always the _delete_ function. The issue of theoretical orthodoxy, whether or not one is taken seriously as a linguist, and whether or not one finds a job is as likely to determine the course of linguistic research as someone's latest theory. Perhaps the question is one of the sociology of linguistics (or of science or academia). Whatever one calls it, an objective attempt to investigate such questions as the relationship between one's allegiance to a prevailing orthodoxy and their engagement in debate and liklihood of job placement; the rules of academic engagement (and non-engagement); and the relationship between orthodoxy, engagement, job placement, and the subsequent evolution of the field are all legitimate subjects of discussion and research. Never mind that it is a minefield of sensitive issues. Perhaps the rules of engagement are as simple as having to share a critical set of assumptions in order to be able to carrry on a meaningful discussion. Certainly it often it appears that the question of whether a given set of assumptions is acceptable coincides with inclusion/exclusion. One would, however, want to see some evidence and discussion. Why one would want to discourage such discussion is beyond me. Andy Rogers CAD Framework Initiative -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Thu, 17 Jun 93 20:55:20 BST From: Bill Bennett Subject: GB or not? The debate on GB has shown a worrying lack of terminology which has been amusingly characteristic of our discipline. When colleagues write of "theories" do they mean -model theories- or -theoretical models-? It is the latter which are determined by our (linguistic) -theory- (singular), constrained by observed linguistic behaviour. -Model theories- are answerable, of course, to mathematics and logic. -Theoretical models- ought to be tightly sandwiched between the requirements of a linguistic theory (Chomsky 1965) and the criteria of model-theoretical models. This is where the "notational variant" question belongs. I feel strongly about this need for clarification in terminology, because until a year ago I was, like many others, content with a descriptive theory of French schwa. But thanks to many colleagues on this BB I have met a model-theoretical basis for explanation in terms of the G of GB. The consequence has been to throw light on a number of other points of French grammar which had been hidden. The important aspect is to have been able to turn my attention to the relationship of government. And it really doesn't matter right now if the model incorporates epenthesis or flotation - it just might be that different speakers "use" different models. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-489. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-490. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 48 Subject: 4.490 Sum: Etruscan Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 17 Jun 1993 10:32:11 -0700 (MST) From: WDEREUSE@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Summary on Etruscan -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 17 Jun 1993 10:32:11 -0700 (MST) From: WDEREUSE@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Summary on Etruscan Thanks to all who responded to my query on Etruscan: Ed Burstynsky, Brian Joseph, James Hearne, Michael Kac, Max Wheeler, Alexis Manaster-Ramer, and Tapani Salminen. Thank you for your patience. Person most knowledgeable about Etruscan in the U.S.: Rex Wallace at UMass, Classics Dept. Vladimir Orel, a Russian linguist, has been arguing for the North Caucasian provenance of Etruscan. A reference to his work is: V. Orel and and S. Starostin. 1990. "Etruscan as an East Caucasian Language". In : Vitaly Shevoroshkin (ed.) Proto-Languages and Proto-Cultures, pp. 60-66. Bochum, Germany: Brockmayer. I haven't seen this yet. Two respondents were impressed by Orel's work. A recent survey of Etruscan is: Bonfante, Larissa. 1990. Etruscan. In: J.T. Hooker (ed.) Reading the Past. London: British Museum Publications, 321-378. The section is also available as a separate paperback (also British Museum Publications). Bonfante includes a bibliography and glossary. The only language to which she admits a realtionship is that found on the Lemnos stele (6th century B.C.). Willem J. de Reuse Dept. of Anthropology University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 U.S.A. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-490. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-491. Sat 19 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 126 Subject: 4.491 Varia: non-linguist subscribers, Genie Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 93 10:46:54 -0400 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: Non-linguist subscribers 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 23:06 PDT From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 4.476 FYI: Genie, Thanks -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 93 10:46:54 -0400 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: Non-linguist subscribers Dave Pesetsky's interesting message on the (non-)democracy of the nets made reference to "the umpteen-thousand non-linguist readers of LINGUIST." So I just wanted to mention that these probably are not all that numerous. LINGUIST isn't on Usenet, so you have to subscribe directly to get the issues. And what non-linguist would set him/herself up for 1000+ issues a year on topics like "pro-drop" and "The LINGUIST Development Fund!" :-) So, whatever we decide to discuss, at least we don't need to feel inhibited by the thought of a large non-linguist audience. I've just been scanning the subscriber list (inadvertently--I hit the wrong key); but my unwilling perusal of 4000 lines did give me the impression that fewer than 50 of the addresses are clearly not educational institutions. Here's the analysis of LINGUIST subscribers by country, for those of you who are interested: * * Country Subscribers * ------- ----------- * Australia 71 * Austria 3 * Belgium 18 * Brazil 15 * Canada 201 * Columbia 1 * Czechoslovakia 4 * Denmark 20 * Ecuador 1 * Egypt 4 * Estonia 2 * Finland 57 * France 43 * Germany 148 * Great Britain 189 * Greece 7 * Hongkong 26 * Hungary 7 * Iceland 3 * India 2 * Ireland 15 * Israel 23 * Italy 20 * Japan 79 * Korea 11 * Malaysia 2 * Mexico 8 * Netherlands 210 * New Zealand 10 * Norway 49 * Poland 7 * Portugal 1 * Saudi-Arabia 1 * Singapore 12 * South Africa 10 * Spain 53 * Sweden 32 * Switzerland 17 * Taiwan 41 * Thailand 6 * Tunisia 1 * Turkey 6 * USA 2111 * USSR 4 * Yugoslavia 1 * Zimbabwe 1 * ??? 17 * * Total number of users subscribed to the list: 3575 * Total number of countries represented: 47 * -Helen Dry -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Jun 93 23:06 PDT From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 4.476 FYI: Genie, Thanks As our message sent to Linguist earlier said, Susie Curtiss and I, Vicki Fromkin, also sent a letter to the NY Times re the review of the Russ Rymer book on Genie in which we tried to show that our findin lingustic findings support rather than negate Chomsky's view. Ihe included the letter we sent. So far they haven;t printed it. But we are pleased David Rigler's letter was printed since he does correct some of the misinformation. Incidentally, the book is an improvement over the NYer articles in many ways. Susie Curtiss's research is treated in a much more serious fashion and she herself emerges as a warm, compassionate, intelligent, scholar who made an important scientific contribution (all of which is true). There is still lots wrong with the book but at least some things were improved. Vicki Fromkin -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-491. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-492. Mon 21 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 268 Subject: 4.492 Sum: Farang Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 17:18:33 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Re: More replies on "FARANG" ("Westerner") and related terms -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 17:18:33 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Re: More replies on "FARANG" ("Westerner") and related terms There has been considerable continuing interest in this term which originated from Germanic 'Frank' and spread through Muslim trade routes after the Crusades into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. In my last posting (LINGUIST List: Vol-4-459. Tue 15 Jun 1993) various people had given these varying forms: In a general "West" to "East" progression: "frangos" ("Westerner") - Greek "ifrangi" - Greek ("Latins (Catholics)", Turkish, Arabic "frang" "a European" and "frangiya" "The Country of the Franks; Western Europe; Latin language or church" - Syriac, the classical Aramaic (Semitic) language used in some Middle Eastern Christian churches, "afrangui" - In Arabic (in Egypt and in some North African countries) "ifranji" or "franji" - Arabic dialects "faranji" - Arabic, "farangi" - Egyptian "ifranji" (nom masculin singulier, "ifranj" or "ifranjiyine" au pluriel - Arabic "ifranji (pl., more precisely collective) "ifranj" 'European', "firanja" "Land of the Franks, Europe" - Modern Standard Arabic "afrang,faranj, ferang, ferangi" - Modern Persian "feringhi" - Persian "farengi, farangi, pirangi" (Tamil version) etc.- Dravidian in India "farangi" - Malayalam (borrowed from Portuguese in 16th century) "farang" ("Westerner") in Thai "barang" - Cambodian "farang" - Thai from Persian "farangg" in 16th century(?) "pha-rang", "pha-lang-xa" - formerly Vietnamese "barang" - Bahasa Indonesia (reduplicated) "goods", "stuff" things such as might be brought by traders "paalagi/papalangi/vaalagi/papa-'aa" - Samoan ("four layers"--Rarotongan)/Maori "paakehaa" (likely a coincidence) "Ferenghi" on Star Trek. -------------------------------------- GW: Following are new messages I have received since the above replies: On Wed, 16 Jun 1993 John Cowan wrote: >On Linguist List, Gwyn Williams quotes Hartmut Haberland thus: > >>frangovlakhika is a (certainly) new term for using Latin letters for Greek in >>e-mail (vlakhika is actually the name of a minority language in Greece, also >>known as Aromounian, but it also can mean 'boorish', 'uneducated', and here >>probably 'gibberish, goobledegook'). >I find this word fascinating! Am I right in supposing that "Aromounian" is >some variety of Romanian? The word "Vlach" has been historically applied >to the Romanians (as in the English form "Wallachia"), and is supposed to >be a variant (via Old Slavonic) of the Germanic word "walas", "valas" which >was applied by Germanic-speakers to those of Romance or Celtic speech. >In the sagas, and also in Danish-influenced OE, "Rumvala/Rumwala" is a word >for "Roman". > >The reflex of "walas" in Modern English is, of course, "Welsh". So we >return from the original query back to its author by a route unsurpassed for >deviousness: Welsh to Thai to Arabic to Persian to Greek to Romanian to >Slavic to Germanic to Welsh. On Wed, 16 Jun 1993 Harold Schiffman wrote: >Very much enjoyed the responses on Farang; your question about Malayalam: >it is a sister language of Tamil, spoken on west coast of S. India, so it >would be no exception to the borrowing from Arabic. Tamil has pirangi >instead of firangi etc. because it doesn't have an /f/; the vowel /i/ is >intrusive because original Tamil words can't have the cluster /pr-/ and >/i/ is the vowel of choice; but it may have come in as firangi anyway, not >farangi. It is usually fi- all over India. The person who quoted farangi >for Malayalam may have gotten it wrong. On 16 Jun 93 Paul Chapin, NSF wrote: >I saw your 'farang' summary on LINGUIST. I've given away all my >Polynesian reference books, so this is out of my head, but Sam. >paalagi (properly written with a single /a/ with a macron, which my >computer won't do) 'foreigner' is a regular bimorphemic word, >combining paa 'break' and lagi 'sky' (both Pan-Polynesian forms -- "g" >is Samoan orthography for /ng/). The origin is supposed to be that >foreigners came originally out of a hole in the sky. The Rarotongan >form is borrowed from Samoan, I believe. > >I suppose it could be a derivative of 'farang' or some form thereof >which has been re-analyzed with a folk etymology, but if that were the >case it would have had to be directly into Samoan, because the other >Polynesian languages use other words for 'foreigner': Maori "pakeha", >Hawaiian "haole", etc. I'm not aware of Polynesian cognates to >paalagi in the other languages. My best guess is that it's an >accidental resemblance. GW: Oh, well. I had thought the Samoan term "paalagi" was too freakish to be true. I suppose this is comparable to "kumara" ("sweet potato) found in both South America and Polynesia that set Thor H. on his boat expedition across the Pacific some years ago. ;-) But (here I indulge in flights of fantasy again): could early traders/explorers have introduced the term into Samoa in the very early days? Perhaps through trade routes by way of Asia? Or were there Samoan sailors on trading ships who picked up the term? Is there a similar term in any pidgins in the region? What about early Chinese pidgin which was essentially a trade pidgin? etc. Perhaps if I continue to speculate such things I can provoke some Austronesianists/Polynesianists into a response. :-) On Wed Jun 16 Kevin Donnelly wrote: GW>> The term in Thai is also used productively in compounds to denote GW>> "western" things, eg., "man farang" is "potato" >This also happens in Gaelic with the word "Francach" (Irish Gaelic >spelling) or "Frangach" (Scottish Gaelic spelling". "Cearc fhrancach" >(lit. "French hen") is the word for "turkey". "Luch francach" (lit. >"French mouse") means "rat". Often the term used is simply "francach", >and you have to tell from the context whether it refers to a turkey or rat >or Frenchman. > >I checked with the dictionary and it quotes "Foreign, exotic; large" as >a subsidiary meaning for "francach", and gives further examples of >"francach" and "gallda" (foreign) being used interchangeably in plant names. GW: So we have managed to extend the western borders of the spread of the term to Britain. Is there an Indo-European root? or is it borrowed from Germanic? I might add that the guava, possibly introduced to Thailand from South America by Portuguese traders is also called "farang". /ton farang/ is literally "the farang's tree" (Harris 1986). Most Thais (mistakenly) believe that this is a native Thai word and one of the possible sources of the term for "Westerner" because both have white flesh. Also, the archetypal Westerner in Thailand is blond. On Thu, 17 Jun 93 Sharon Rose wrote: >I must have missed the original query about farang/farangi/faranj >etc. I am very familiar with this word in its Ethiopian form, >having had it yelled at me practically every day throughout my >stay in Ethiopia. It designates white person, not just foreigner >or Westerner, and is pronounced f@r@nj or f@r@nji (with schwas). >I was told it has the same origin as that of the neighbouring North >African countries, namely Frank, and we might speculate that it >was borrowed from Arabic. >I was intrigued to find it was so widespread, and that there were >so many opinions as to its origin. I can't shed any light on that, >but would have to agree that Robert Hoberman's hypothesis sounds >the most likely. GW: Sharon's comment is most interesting. This topic originally arose on soc-culture-thai because some "farang" commented about similar experiences in Thailand. Note that in Thailand at least, while the term does designate a race (white Westerner), it is not at all a racist term. I wonder how far spread the term is in Africa? There were several replies dealing with a similar term on Star Trek. I had asked whether these being were traders and what was its immediate source: On 16 Jun 1993 Brian White wrote: >I suspect that the name "Ferenghi" in Star Trek was a deliberate >borrowing of "farang." The Ferenghi are a caricature of aggressive >Westerners -- obsessively greedy, short-sighted and dishonest traders. >They were introduced, apparently, to represent the values of the West >in the 20th century, in contrast with the values of the utopian >Federation, which exists at a time when people are supposed to have >grown up a little. Just so no one could miss the point, in the >episode where they're introduced, the Ferenghi lose out when a >Federation commander who quotes Sun-Tzu is judged morally superior to >them by a being from an advanced civilization. The being offers to >destroy the entire Ferenghi species, but the Federation officer >declines, noting that "we used to be like that, once." If this sounds >a little smug and heavy-handed, it was, unfortunately. The show did >better later on. On Wed, 16 Jun 1993 John Cowan wrote: >As you have probably heard from other quarters by now, the Ferengi >(the 'g' is a stop, but this spelling seems to be normative) are indeed >traders, and of a particularly unscrupulous sort, more or less corresponding >to the Western (Frankish) stereotype of Arabs -- "come with me to the Kasbah", >etc. > >The only really well-developed language on Star Trek is Klingon, which has >its own mailing list; it was invented by Marc Okrand. The phonology is >appropriate, with lots of velars and other "messy" consonants; the >morphology has been called "an exuberant Amerind-style template machine"; >and the basic word order is rigidly OVS! There is a book, The Klingon >Dictionary, which includes a brief grammar summary as well, >and an Internet mailing list at . On Wed, 16 Jun 93 sharon sabsay wrote: >I'm sure you will hear from far better informed sources than me, but the >Ferenghi on Star Trek are indeed traders! On Wed, 16 Jun 93 Gerald Reno wrote: >[...] >The "Ferengi" on Star Trek are, in fact, traders, but I couldn't tell you >where they got the name from. Star Trek does, however, have at least one >linguist on staff; he wrote a Klingon/English dictionary which is available >in most bookstores (in this country, at least). But that's another story. On Wed, 16 Jun 93 Paul T Kershaw wrote: >Sorry... ferenghi. My e-mail won't let me correct errors in the subject >line.... >Now that you mention it, the Ferenghi are traders. In fact, that is their >be-all-end-all raison d'etre purpose of existence (the redundancy is >intensional hyperbole, not my stupid American "soupe de jour of the day" >genes). The major way in which a Ferenghi on ST:TNG judge each other is how >well they stab each other in the back capitalistically. One episode on TNG's >sister show, Deep Space Nine, revolves around how the Ferenghi can be the first >settlers in a new, unknown sector of the universe, where their reputation is >unknown, so that they can make a fresh start (translation: niave suckers for >the capitalism thresher). An episode of ST:TNG revolves around how a Ferenghi >boy becomes respected by his uncle by parlaying some worthless junk (which the >boy's father had purchased) into a valuable piece of property by cheating and >conniving. (I think I watch too much television...) > >Star Trek has had linguists working for it, but to my knowledge, this was >limited to the films, and to the Klingon language, which appears to be growing >a life of its own via Internet. As for whether Ferenghi was thus derived: ya >ne znayu / je ne sais pas / ich weiss nicht... GW: The term in Star Trek does have some very tantalizing similarities to the term in various languages. We have still to establish the immediate source of this term in Star Trek. Nik, a friend teaching at Silpakorn University, Bangkok, has turned up some interesting terms in Malay. The Lonely Planet Travel Survival Kit on Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei by Tony Wheeler, et al (1991) has "Batu Ferringhi" (translated as "Foreigner's Rock"), which is a tourist beach on Penang Island. Also the Collin's Gem Malay-English, English-Malay Dictionary (1975) lists "Feringgi" meaning "Portuguese"; "barang" meaning "commodity, thing, luggage, anything, any" (compare the Indonesian term); "barat" meaning "west". Many thanks to all who responded. I look forward to more! PS: If anyone is interested in the papers by Harris (1986) and Thion (1993) I have mentioned, I can e-mail them privately. Gwyn Williams Linguistics Department Thammasat University Bangkok -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-492. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-493. Mon 21 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 134 Subject: 4.493 Acronyms Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 1993 12:16:02 -0700 (MST) From: "don l. f. nilsen" Subject: Re: 4.474 Qs: Acronyms, Phoneme Co-occurrences, Readability 2) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 1993 16:31:41 -0500 (UTC -05:00) From: Ken Miner Subject: Re: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms 3) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 09:41:04 EDT From: Bruce Southard Subject: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms 4) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 10:22:50 -0400 From: jsc@tarrazu.research.att.com (John S. Coleman) Subject: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 1993 12:16:02 -0700 (MST) From: "don l. f. nilsen" Subject: Re: 4.474 Qs: Acronyms, Phoneme Co-occurrences, Readability Redundancies: Acronym redundancies are the result of not being consciously aware that the last letter of the acronym is the same as the word being modified by the acronym. The acronym obscures the meaning in the same way that bilingualism can obscure the redundancy in such words as "Rio Salado River," "and etc." etc. A similar kind of redundancy can be seen throughout bilingual (English-French) canada, where signs like "Bank Montreal Bank" are common. I assume that French speakers are to leave off the last word "Bank Montreal," while English speakers are expected to leave off the first word "Montreal Bank." {^_^} Don L. F. Nilsen |\/\/\/|| , (602) 965-7592 | | Executive Secretary | | International Society for Humor Studies | (o)(o) English Department | _) Arizona State University | ,____| Tempe, AZ 85287-0302 | / |_____\ | Anon \ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 1993 16:31:41 -0500 (UTC -05:00) From: Ken Miner Subject: Re: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms Re: acronym definition The point is well taken but if we take all the known possibilities into account we would need quite a lot of new terminology. Some languages are fond of creating pronouceable strings by concatenating the onset + nucleus of each syllable (Ge-sta-po) rather than just the onset. In the Hebrew tradition one takes the consonants and supplies the default vowel [a]: Rambam for Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Maimonides). I'm sure there are numerous other such practices. Ken Miner -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 09:41:04 EDT From: Bruce Southard Subject: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms In regard to acronyms which are pronounced as initials, e.g. AA, BTU, CIA, GOP, etc., John Algeo in his workbook _Problems in the Origins and Development of the English Language_ differentiates between acronyms and "initialisms." Pyles does not include the term "initialism" in the text book which Algeo's workbook complements, so I assume that the term "initialism" originiated with Algeo. I don't know if the term is used by others, but it seems a good choice. Regards, Bruce Southard English Department, East Carolina University ensoutha@ecuvm1.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 10:22:50 -0400 From: jsc@tarrazu.research.att.com (John S. Coleman) Subject: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms writes > It has long bothered me that the term is used not only for initials > which form a pronounceable string like NATO, GAT, UNESCO, etc., but also for > commonly repeated initials like PTA, TG, GB, etc. Not when I was at school, it wasn't. NATO, GAT, UNESCO are acronyms, PTA, TG, GB etc. are abbreviations, according to my dictionary. --- John Coleman -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-493. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-494. Wed 23 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 236 Subject: 4.494 Acronyms Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 20 Jun 93 12:37:41 PDT From: joel_nevis@csufresno.edu (Joel Nevis) Subject: Re: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms 2) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 10:56:02 +0100 From: rat@aberystwyth.ac.uk Subject: Acronym definition 3) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 12:49:17 EDT From: "Ellen F. Prince" Subject: Re: 4.493 Acronyms 4) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 12:51:14 -0400 From: bnevin@BBN.COM Subject: initialisms (acronyms) 5) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 19:24:10 -1000 (HST) From: Joel Bradshaw Subject: Re: 4.482 Qs: Acronyms 6) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 17:18:32 -0400 (EDT) From: Robert D Hoberman Subject: Non-acronym: OB-GYN Subject: Non-acronym: OB-GYN Subject: Non-acronym: OB-GYN -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 20 Jun 93 12:37:41 PDT From: joel_nevis@csufresno.edu (Joel Nevis) Subject: Re: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms I have consistently distinguished the two kinds of acronyms in my introductory courses, using _acronym_ for the pronounceable NATO-type and a different label for the less word-like TG-type. Originally I followed a suggestion by Rich Janda to call the latter a _Letter-By-Letter-Abbreviation_ or more iconically _LBLA_, but more recently I noticed that David Crystal uses the designation _alphabetism_ in his Encyclopedia, and I have adopted that shorter term in my classes. Joel Nevis joel_nevis@csufreno.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 10:56:02 +0100 From: rat@aberystwyth.ac.uk Subject: Acronym definition Re:- terminological differentiation; The French get round it by having two terms: sigle = PTA, GB etc; acronyme = 'sigle prononce comme un mot ordinaire' (Petit Robert), ie NATO, GATT etc. Ros Temple, University of Wales, Aberystwyth -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 12:49:17 EDT From: "Ellen F. Prince" Subject: Re: 4.493 Acronyms >From: jsc@tarrazu.research.att.com (John S. Coleman) >Subject: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms >Not when I was at school, it wasn't. NATO, GAT, UNESCO are acronyms, >PTA, TG, GB etc. are abbreviations, according to my dictionary. for what it's worth, when i read the initial note, i had the same reaction. i have never heard of pta, twa, etc. being called acronyms. i guess what differentiates them from the usual abbreviations, e.g. st. for street, mr. for mister, etc. for et cetera, is that the latter are simply *orthographic* abbreviations, but i would call both types abbreviations. perhaps the pta-type should be called monograms? :) one hebrew-type acronym in english is veep for vice-president, where a vowel sound occurs that doesn't follow from the first letters of the phrase being shortened. of course, the source of the vowel in veep is different from the source of vowels in hebrew acronyms, since i assume the vowel of veep is from the vowel of the name of the letter v (vee), while the vowels of hebrew acronyms seem to follow general phonological principles. (i would spell /viyp/ v-e-e-p, btw, and i would read v.p. as vice president--they differ in register for me, veep being markedly informal.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 12:51:14 -0400 From: bnevin@BBN.COM Subject: initialisms (acronyms) > From: Bruce Southard > Subject: 4.482 Qs: German, Tibetan & Chinese, Acronyms > > In regard to acronyms which are pronounced as initials, e.g. AA, BTU, > CIA, GOP, etc., John Algeo in his workbook _Problems in the Origins and > Development of the English Language_ differentiates between acronyms and > "initialisms." Pyles does not include the term "initialism" in the text > book which Algeo's workbook complements, so I assume that the term > "initialism" originiated with Algeo. I don't know if the term is used by > others, but it seems a good choice. This is from _Webster's 9th New Collegiate Dictionary_ (W9NCD): initialism (1899): an acronym formed from initial letters. acronym (1943): a word (as radar or snafu) formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term _Words Into Type_ (3rd Ed.), p. 100, under Abbreviations, refers one to the _Acronyms and Initialisms Dictionary_ (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1970) for "thorough coverage of the subject". For a very amusing example of an initialism domesticated, look up "picornavirus" in an English dictionary. Bruce Nevin bn@bbn.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 19:24:10 -1000 (HST) From: Joel Bradshaw Subject: Re: 4.482 Qs: Acronyms To me, there is only a vowel's worth of difference between pronounceable and unpronounceable acronyms, like GATT vs. GB or NATO vs. NT, although many vowelful acronyms resist resyllabification: DoD, DOE. (I wonder if the US Dept of Agriculture ever ends up DOA in print or speech.) To me, the primary typological distinction is between alphabetic and syllabic acronyms: Does North Dakota become NorDak or ND? I'm sure there is heavy correlation with alphabetic vs. syllabic writing systems, but it's not absolute. Indonesian uses a (latin) alphabetic writing system but syllabic acronyms prevail: Sulawesi Selatan 'South Sulawesi [Province]' > SulSel. Perhaps because of their military govt, Indonesia seems especially rich in acronyms, so that a recent dictionary devoted a whole appendix to nothing but acronyms, something more dictionaries should do. The writing system correlation shows up nicely in Chinese. The traditional acronyms were (morpho)syllabic, like the writing system. So, Beijing Daxue 'Beijing University [= NorthCapital BigSchool]' > Beida [= NorthBig]. Japanese borrowed the Chinese characters but allowed the meanings to be rendered into either native Japanese or Chinese loanword pronunciation, usually two syllables in either case. (Chinese CVC loans usually ended up CV(C)V in Japanese.) So the acronym of Hiroshima Daigaku 'Hiroshima University [= WideIsland BigSchool]' > HiroDai [= WideBig]. Hiroshima is native Japanese (the Sino-Japanese pronunciation would be Kootoo = Ch. Guangdao), but Daigaku is borrowed [= Ch. Daxue]. Since the promulgation of the (latin) alphabetic pinyin supplementary writing system, one sees alphabetic acronyms, some of them rather alarming and most of them quite dysphonic (if that's the opposite of euphonic). For instance, Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute could end up as GZWGYYXY for GuangZhou WaiGuo YuYan XueYuan [= WideState OutCountry SpeechTalk LearnYard]; or as GWYX for Guangzhou Waiguo Yuyan Xueyuan [= Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute] if they take the first letter of each disyllabic word rather than the first letter of each monosyllabic morpheme. I don't know what the disyllabic traditional-style acronym might be for that particular (real) school, but I suspect it might be GuangWai 'Guangzhou Foreign [= WideOut]', which could then be alphabetically abbreviated to GW. One problem with Chinese alphabetic acronyms is that few syllables in pinyin start with vowels: 'a' is common, but 'e' and 'o' are rare, and 'i' and 'u' are nonexistent. And of course 'x', 'y', and 'z' are superabundant. Speaking of GW, I once saw _Gone with the Wind_ abbreviated in print as GWTW. In speech, the "abbreviation" requires 6 or 8 syllables (depending on whether W is 'double-you' or 'dub-ya'), while the "long" form requires only four. This suggests that alphabetic acronymification is driven by orthography, not speech. Although once the acronym is regularly pronounced, it is subject to syllabic acronymizing, as in the 'you-dub' pronunciation of the orthographic acronym (UW) for the University of Washington. I suspect syllabic acronymification is less orthography-driven, although I think a major impetus behind both kinds is 'acronymy' of graphic effort and 'acronymy' of physical space, not just the desire to avoid pronouncing a few extra syllables. Joel Bradshaw [Disclaimer: My Chinese forms may be a bit faulty. Apologies in advance.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 17:18:32 -0400 (EDT) From: Robert D Hoberman Subject: Non-acronym: OB-GYN Medical people (at least in the New York area) seem to usually pronounce OB-GYN letter-name by letter-name so that it has five stressed syllables, rather than saying either (1) "obstetrician-gynecologist" or "obstretrics and gynecology" (3 to 5 main or secondary stresses) or (2) /ab gayn/ (2 stresses). I thought English was a stress-timed language, and there is certainly a tendency to shorten words and expression in English slang and jargon. So why do they do this?! Bob Hoberman rhoberman@ccmail.sunysb.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-494. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-495. Wed 23 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 151 Subject: 4.495 GB and politics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 1993 22:42:19 -0400 (EDT) From: Michael Covington Subject: Re: 4.489 Linguistics and GB 2) Date: 21 Jun 93 10:09:03 GMT+1 From: "FELIX SASCHA" Subject: GB or non-GB 3) Date: 22 Jun 1993 09:09:05 -0500 (CDT) From: Joe Stemberger Subject: politics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 1993 22:42:19 -0400 (EDT) From: Michael Covington Subject: Re: 4.489 Linguistics and GB This "GB versus non-GB" quarrel is a lot like the "TG versus non-TG" quarrels of the 1960s. To some extent we may be looking at artifacts of overly narrow training. Let's distinguish: (1) People who are trained only in TG (or, respectively, GB) and who know comparatively little about linguistics outside their narrow framework. (2) People who are interested in syntax from a variety of perspectives, and who have adopted TG (resp. GB) because it seems to be doing interesting and worthwhile things. (3) People like (2), but not convinced by TG (resp. GB) and therefore working in other frameworks, but not ignoring what they consider to be the successes of TG (resp. GB). (4) People _not_ trained in TG (resp. GB), who feel left out. Obviously, job market alarms are going to be sounded by groups (1) and (4). But almost all real linguistic progress is going to come from (2) and (3). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 21 Jun 93 10:09:03 GMT+1 From: "FELIX SASCHA" Subject: GB or non-GB I'm not quite sure how serious the current discussion on GB or non-GB is meant to be; but I think at least we should get some facts straight. I'm not able to judge whether or not it's true that GB monopolizes the job situation in syntax in the US, but I do know that the reverse is true in most universities in Germany and apparently also in other European countries. There is an extremely strong anti- generative and anti-Chomsky attitude in most linguistics departments in Germany. In fact, it adds to your credentials if you profess on a job interview (or when you apply for funding) that Chomsky or generative grammar is all wrong. I sometimes wonder where this hostility comes from. I have my own little theory about this, but I'd be interested in knowing what the rest of the world thinks about this. Secondly, it's simply not true that GB-people don't defend themselves when they are attacked, as Haspelmath claims. Chomsky himself wrote two books in the 70's (Reflections and Rules and Representations) which are to a learge extent a defense of the generative position. And others (e.g. Lightfoot, Koster, Pinker, etc. etc.) have done the same. Similarly, in the late 70's Gazdar's GPSG was, in fact, considered to be a serious challenge to GB, and people did react. Something similar happens currently with respect to connectionism. Thirdly, it is likewise not true that GB people only cite other GB- people's work. Almost all major contributions to the field deal with papers and data from outside of GB. To give just one example: look into the bibliography of Baker's book on incorporation. Apart from this, the rest is just trivial. Of course, generativists primarily react to GB papers, just as functionalists react predominantly to functionalist work, and Montague semanticist deal with contributions from within the framework of Montague grammar. One final remark: what I don't understand is why people like Haspelmath e.g. complain about their work not receiving due recognition from GB. Why should I care about being cited by people who I believe to be completely wrong? Sascha W. Felix, University of Passau/Germany -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 22 Jun 1993 09:09:05 -0500 (CDT) From: Joe Stemberger Subject: politics The question of how easy it is for non-GB syntacticians to get jobs is an interesting one, but it is isn't necessarily all politics. It may partly be marketing. If GB has convinced the field that every linguistics department needs a GB syntactician, then they'll be at an advantage for hiring. To counteract that, you don't need discussions of politics, you just need better advertising. Politics is often about access to resources, and access to jobs is one important resource. But there are others. I doubt that access to research grants is affected all that much by whether you're GB or not GB. (Getting grants isn't as pervasive in linguistics as it is in other fields, though.) What about journal space? I have heard complaints from RG-ers that they have had an unfairly hard time getting papers accepted in the major journals. Is that a general feeling out there? And is there a general feeling that GB papers have an easier time, so that they can be published with major flaws, while non-GB papers must be perfect to get in (if they can get in at all)? Access to journal space is probably a better reflection of pure politics that access to jobs --- there's less marketing involved, and there are more plenty of in journals for papers (as opposed to only a handful of new jobs). As a phonologist, all the questions about GB and jobs seem odd, since there isn't really any GB phonology out there. Kaye's Government & Charm Phonology perhaps comes closest, but it is not the dominant theory in phonology. My impression is that there really isn't much of a problem with access to journal space for phonologists doing non-dominant theories. (OK, LI would be a problem. And non-dominant-theory people DO have to put things in their papers defending assumptions where more "standard" phonologists wouldn't have to. As someone who likes concrete analyses, which still are considered non-mainstream at least for work on English & Russian, I can attest to that. But the access to journal space is still there.) But what about jobs? Do people outside the standard (abstract) nonlinear frameworks feel that it's harder to get a job? Vicky Fromkin suggests that we should be happy about being able to work on such an interesting area as language, and not get hung up on politics. But politics can greatly interfere with enjoyment, if someone is on the wrong end of the stick politically. Of course, talking about politics often isn't very productive. In (real) politics, those most guilty of playing politics are often the ones who are most likely to avow that they are not playing politics (and then go on to characterize their opponents as whiners, as people who haven't earned access to resources, or as people who are trying to play politics). There's definitely some politics in Linguistics, with some negative consequences. How bad is it? And have things improved since the '60's and '70's, when politics was really rampant? ---joe stemberger -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-495. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-496. Thu 24 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 121 Subject: 4.496 Qs: Intonation, Alphabet, Diachrony, Shakespeare Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 15:04:24 +0900 From: smkim@rs6.chonnam.ac.kr (SuMi Kim) Subject: Intonation Software 2) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 13:39:45 -0700 (MST) From: Daniel Brink Subject: Initial Teaching Alphabet 3) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 93 14:21:38 +0100 From: Ian Ruthven Subject: Query: Computational Model of Diachronic Processes 4) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 21:00:43 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: Shakespeare's exploitation of syntactic options -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 15:04:24 +0900 From: smkim@rs6.chonnam.ac.kr (SuMi Kim) Subject: Intonation Software One of my friends who's working on English speech recognition wants to know whether there's any intonation recognizer/analyzer that runs on IBM PCs, say 386's and/or 486's. If any of you readers know of such a program, could you let me know of the program and the ways to get them? I'm using the e-mail account of my friend and you can send me your replies either to "smkim@rs6.chonnam.ac.kr" or "sjhan@lcl.cmu.edu." -- Sungjin HAN (sjhan@lcl.cmu.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 13:39:45 -0700 (MST) From: Daniel Brink Subject: Initial Teaching Alphabet A student is writing on the ITA (Initial Teaching Alphabet), but knows little about the history or practice in the U.S. Can any one give information or suggest sources on the state of the ITA in American education, where and how it might be being used? Thank you ========================================= Daniel Brink, Professor of English ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY BOX 870302 TEMPE AZ 85287-0302 602/965-4182o 602/965-3168m 602/965-3451f 602/965-2679hcf Internet: ATDXB@ASUVM.INRE.ASU.EDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 93 14:21:38 +0100 From: Ian Ruthven Subject: Query: Computational Model of Diachronic Processes I am currently working on a computational model of diachronic processes, based on work by William Croft and John Hawkins, and exemplified by the Ethiopian Semitic change from Prep & NG & NA -> Prep & NG & AN -> Prep & NG & AN -> Postp & NG & AN as discussed by Joseph Greenberg. I am looking for data on any similar language change, particularly data which relates to the duration of change: how rapidly a word order changes, how long 'doubling' of word order lasts and how long is the interval between (particular?) word order changes. I would also be grateful for any data on synchronic evidence about the transition between word orders, especially on the detail of synchronic change in process or pointers to similar work. Thanks, Ian Ruthven. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 21:00:43 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Query: Shakespeare's exploitation of syntactic options I've recently gotten interested in investigating the use of syntactic options (i.e. syntactically different but semantically equivalent constructions - e.g., voice distinctions, variation in adverb placement) in Shakespeare's plays, especially as tools in characterization. Can anybody direct me to any research that has been done in this area? ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele c/o Department of Linguistics 712 West Washington Ave. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Street 217-344-8240 Urbana, IL 61801 fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-496. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-497. Thu 24 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 138 Subject: 4.497 Qs: Ohio, Reflexives, Stress, SQL Databases, Speech Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Jun 93 11:10:25 +0200 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at Subject: LSA Linguistic Institute e-mail address 2) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 15:43 BST From: SCW1@VAXA.YORK.AC.UK Subject: Emphatic Reflexives. 3) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 16:07:49 EDT From: Geoffrey Russom Subject: Re: 4.459 Stress Question 4) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 17:05:47 +0100 From: Albert Llorens Subject: Natural language access to SQL databases 5) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 1993 11:45:33 EDT From: N o s t a l g i a Subject: On the Definition of "natural speech phenomenon" -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Jun 93 11:10:25 +0200 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at Subject: LSA Linguistic Institute e-mail address I have an urgent query as to the e-mail address of the LSA Linguistic Institute at OSU. I would like to contact some students there, but do not know whether 1) students do have access to e-mail and 2) what the address would be. I would be grateful for some help! Ursula Doleschal Tel.: ++43-1-31336 4115 Inst. f. Slawische Sprachen Fax: ++43-1-31336 744 Wirtschaftsuniv. Wien Augasse 9 Austria 1090 Wien Europe -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 15:43 BST From: SCW1@VAXA.YORK.AC.UK Subject: Emphatic Reflexives. I have a friend here at York Uni. (U.K) who wants recent work in any syntactical framework (esp. GB and HPSG) concerning Emphatic Reflexives (e.g. "he, himself went to the shop"). Could all replys be posted to: FMS3@uk.ac.york. Many thanks in advance. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 16:07:49 EDT From: Geoffrey Russom Subject: Re: 4.459 Stress Question I am interested in two ideas about stress, and would appreciate any references to recent work, especially within metrical phonology: (1) The expected degree of stress subordination may not occur when the subordinate constituent is "distant" (in some appropriate sense) from the dominant constituent. (2) Among languages employing stress, some have a "stronger" stress than others (in some appropriate sense). When stress is "stronger" in this sense, syllables that undergo stress subordination are more likely to become unstressed and unstressed syllables are more likely to be lost. Thanks. Rick Russom (EL403015@BROWNVM) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 17:05:47 +0100 From: Albert Llorens Subject: Natural language access to SQL databases Does anybody know any references on natural language access to SQL databases? I have just started searching, and I have not found much up to now. I will appreciate any help. Thanks in advance. Albert Llorens University of Sussex albertl@cogs.sussx.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Sat, 19 Jun 1993 11:45:33 EDT From: N o s t a l g i a Subject: On the Definition of "natural speech phenomenon" Dear netters, Does anybody know any work done for defining what is usually called "natural speech phenomenon" -- their common characteristics, features, etc for diferent levels of grammar (e.g. phonology, morphology and syntax)? Any ideas from any perspectives will be welcome. Thanks, Kenjiro Matsuda Dept. of Linguistics 619 Williams Hall Univ. of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 Email: matsuda@linc.cis.upenn.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-497. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-498. Thu 24 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 149 Subject: 4.498 Jobs: Computational, General Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 93 11:45:39 EDT From: hum_res@logos-usa.com ( Human Resources) Subject: Job openings at Logos 2) Date: Thu, 24 Jun 1993 11:18:57 +0300 (IDT) From: nomi shir Subject: Job/Linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 93 11:45:39 EDT From: hum_res@logos-usa.com ( Human Resources) Subject: Job openings at Logos Logos Corporation, the world leader in automated document translation software, has several immediate openings in its Technology Center: English-German linguist. Must be a native speaker of German and fluent in English. A background in linguistics, especially theoretical and computational, is desired; experience as a translator is also useful. Previous development experience with machine translation and/or German analysis/generation systems is a substantial plus. German-French linguist. Must be a native speaker of French and fluent in German. A background in linguistics, especially theoretical and computational, is desired; experience as a translator is also useful. Previous development experience with machine translation and/or French analysis/generation systems is a substantial plus. English-Spanish linguist. Must be a native speaker of Spanish and fluent in English. Extensive knowledge of other languages, especially German, is helpful but not essential. A background in linguistics, especially theoretical and computational, is desired; experience as a translator is a plus. Previous development experience with machine translation systems is a substantial plus. Programmers (2). Must be experienced C programmers, preferably with experience on Sun/Unix platform. Experience in databases and user interface is desired, as is some background in computational linguistics. The Technology Center is located in Mount Arlington, New Jersey, west of New York City. Interested candidates should send a resume to: Director of Human Resources Logos Corporation 111 Howard Blvd., Suite 214 Mt. Arlington, NJ 07856 or fax a resume to: +1-201-398-6102 Attn: Director of Human Resources or send resume by e-mail to: hum_res@logos-usa.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 24 Jun 1993 11:18:57 +0300 (IDT) From: nomi shir Subject: Job/Linguistics BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV, ISRAEL DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS I Applications are invited for a position in linguistics from October 1, 1993. We offer a one year appointment with possibility of renewal. II The department offers a B.A. program in English Literature and in Linguistics. Our current staff is theoretically oriented. We are therefore interested in hiring a linguist specializing in one of the following areas: Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Computational Linguistics, Neurolinguistics or other more applied areas. Candidates should have a strong commitment to research in their area of expertise as well as a good background in current theory. They will be responsible for introductory and advanced undergraduate courses in their specialty as well as more general courses such as Introduction to Linguistics, Introduction to Phonology, etc. The university provides a lively research environment. We have an active cognitive science seminar with participants from the departments of behavioral science, computer science and philosophy in addition to the linguists. Undergraduate intake of is between 50 to 70 students, of whom over half choose to specialize in linguistics as of their second year. III Applications with full curriculum vitae and the names and addresses of three referees, should be sent by July 10, 1993 to: Haim Finkelstein, Chair Department of Foreign Literatures and Linguistics Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O.Box 653 Beer Sheva, Israel 84105 An e-mail copy of the application should be sent as soon as possible to: Nomi Shir address: SHIR@BGUMAIL.bgu.ac.il Please supply e-mail addresses and fax numbers both for yourself and for referees if possible. In their letter of application candidates should outline their research interests and plans and their teaching experience, and they should outline the contribution they would wish to make to the department, in both research and teaching. Further information is available from Nomi Shir by e-mail. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-498. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-499. Sat 26 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 195 Subject: 4.499 Confs: Chinese. Corrections: NWAVE, COSWL Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 93 11:15:20 EDT From: Marjorie K M Chan Subject: Workshop on Interfaces & the Chinese Language 2) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 13:41:25 EDT From: Marjory Meechan/NWAVE22 Organizing Committee Subject: NWAVE address 3) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 14:32:41 -0400 From: karemlin@mtu.edu (Kathryn Remlinger) Subject: housing for COSWL -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 93 11:15:20 EDT From: Marjorie K M Chan Subject: Workshop on Interfaces & the Chinese Language WORKSHOP ON INTERFACES AND THE CHINESE LANGUAGE 30 June - 4 August 1993 The Workshop on Interfaces and the Chinese Language is held in conjunction with the 1993 LSA Linguistic Institute, hosted by the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Chinese linguistic workshop consists of a series of weekly lectures focusing on three main areas: (1) interface between cognition and grammar, (2) interfaces between different components of grammar, and (3) language contact and language change. Internationally-renowned scholars, sponsored by the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation, have been invited to present lectures. In addition, participants of the Linguistic Institute have also been invited to present talks. These are all scheduled for Wednesdays, 10:00-12:00 noon, or 2:00-4:00 pm, with the exception of one Friday evening lecture on July 2. PROGRAM (preliminary) PLACE: 300 Cunz Hall, 1841 Millikin Road, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210-1229 JUNE 30 10:00 am Ting-che Tang, National Tsing Hua U., Taiwan "On the relation between word-syntax and sentence- syntax in Chinese" 2:00 pm TBA JULY 2 7:00 pm Chiu-yu Tseng, Inst. of History & Philology, Friday Academia Sinica, Taiwan "Impaired Chinese speech: Phonetic approaches toward neurological implications" JULY 7 10:00 am Moira Yip, U.C. Irvine "Alignment of phonological, morphological and syntactic boundaries in Chaoyang" 2:00 pm Chu-ren Huang, Inst. of History & Philology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan "Argument selection: The lexico-semantic interface between conceptual structures and lexical predicate- argument structures" Kathleen Ahrens, U.C. San Diego "Cognitive account of classifier production in normals and aphasics" JULY 14 10:00 am Shuanfan Huang, National Taiwan U., Taiwan "A grammar of pauses in spoken Chinese discourse" 2:00 pm TBA JULY 21 10:00 am Hsin-I Hsieh, U. of Hawaii "The interaction of syntax and semantics in CCG" 2:00 pm Alice Shuk-yee Cheung, Hong Kong Polytechnic, and Thomas Hun-tak Lee, Chinese U. of Hong Kong "The role of verb type in the acquisition of Cantonese WH-questions" Ka-Sinn Szeto and Thomas Lee, Chinese U. of Hong Kong "Word order, NP structure, and (in)definiteness in child Cantonese" JULY 28 10:00 am William S-Y. Wang, U.C. Berkeley "The genetic classification of Chinese" 2:00 pm Ovid Tzeng, National Chung Cheng U., Taiwan (Title TBA) AUGUST 4 10:00 am James C-T. Huang, U.C. Irvine (Title TBA) 2:00 pm Mini-conference in the afternoon. Short talks by OSU students and faculty, as well as participants at the LSA Linguistic Institute * * * * * Organizers: James H-Y. Tai and Marjorie K.M. Chan Department of E. Asian Lang. & Lit. 204 Cunz Hall, 1841 Millikin Road The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210-1229 Tel.: (614) 292-5816 (dept.) Fax: (614) 292-2682 E-mail: james_tai@osu.edu or marjorie_chan@osu.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 13:41:25 EDT From: Marjory Meechan/NWAVE22 Organizing Committee Subject: NWAVE ***************************** NWAVE ADDRESS CORRECTION The e-mail address for NWAVE 22 was incorrectly listed. The correct address is: NWAVE22@ACADVM1.UOTTAWA.CA We apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused. The deadline for receipt of abstracts has now been extended to July 8, 1993. Marjory Meechan for the NWAVE22 Organizing Committee -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 14:32:41 -0400 From: karemlin@mtu.edu (Kathryn Remlinger) Subject: housing for COSWL Greetings, We are in the midst of a housing shortage disaster. The conference was not reserved the block of rooms that we were promised. If you need housing, please hold off on calling OSU and instead email me your needs and I will send you information on what's available as soon as we find out. Kate -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-499. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-500. Sat 26 Jun 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 192 Subject: 4.500 Confs: Mid-America, WCCFL, African lgs. Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 23 Jun 1993 11:18:58 -0700 (MST) From: ROOD_D@gold.colorado.edu Subject: MALC/SACC Announcement 2) Date: Thu, 24 Jun 93 14:12:21 PDT From: wccfl@bend.UCSD.EDU (WCCFL Email Account) Subject: Re: WCCFL 13 3) Date: Fri, 25 Jun 93 13:51:57 RSA From: RK Herbert <140WARTS@witsvma.wits.ac.za> Subject: African linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 23 Jun 1993 11:18:58 -0700 (MST) From: ROOD_D@gold.colorado.edu Subject: MALC/SACC Announcement Call for Papers 28th Annual Mid-America Linguistics Conference and 13th Annual Conference on Siouan and Caddoan Languages October 15-16, 1993 University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado Keynote Address: Professor Scott DeLancey, University of Oregon Grammaticalization and Linguistic Theory Sponsored by the University of Colorado Linguistics Department and the Center for the Study of the Native Languages of the Plains and Southwest. Deadline for Abstracts: September 1, 1993 Send 3 copies of abstracts (1 page, 200-250 words) to: Prof. David S. Rood Dept. of Linguistics CB 295 University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, CO 80309-0295 303-492-8041, 303-492-2747 Fax: 303-492-4416 email: Rood_D@CUBLDR.colorado.edu Preregistration forms and information on housing will be sent on August 15. Information on the final program will be sent to participants on September 15. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 24 Jun 93 14:12:21 PDT From: wccfl@bend.UCSD.EDU (WCCFL Email Account) Subject: Re: WCCFL 13 WCCFL is the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Abstracts for twenty minute talks on any topic in theoretical linguistics are welcome. For further information, contact: John Moore wccfl@bend.UCSDEDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 25 Jun 93 13:51:57 RSA From: RK Herbert <140WARTS@witsvma.wits.ac.za> Conference announcement: Ist WORLD CONGRESS OF AFRICAN LINGUISTICS 11 - 16 July 1994 University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, R.S.A. Following the decision of the Standing Committee for the Congress of African Linguistics (Ian Maddieson, UCLA, Chair), the 1st World Congress of African Linguistics will take place from the 11th through 16th July 1994 at the Univeristy of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. This triennial congress will be held alternatively in Africa, Europe and North America. The 1st Congress will be hosted by one of the oldest universities in southern Africa, in Johannesburg -- "the City of Gold". Scientific programme: The Congress aspires to provide a forum for exchange and discussion between cultures, theories and scientific disciplines. An arrangement of the Congress into ten thematically-defined sections has been proposed. The combined output of these sections should provide an overview of current trends in African linguistics research: I. Phonetics and Phonology II. Morphology III. Syntax IV. Semantics V. Historical Linguistics VI. Sociolinguistics VII. Psycholinguistics VIII. Applied Linguistics IX. Language and Culture X. Research Projects Papers: Participants are invited to propose scientific papers until 15 September 1993. Each proposal should contain the exact title (in the language of presentation), the desired section and a short abstract (maximum: one typewritten page). Summaries of the accepted papers will form part of the congress documents. Presentations should in no case be longer than 20 minutes. In certain cases, the written version of the contribution may be longer (e.g. for documentation). Proceedings: The conference proceedings will be published. The second circular (to be sent in December 1993) will contain details concerning the submission of manuscripts and publication. Official Languages: The official congress languages are English and French. All papers must be announced and presented in one of these languages. Written versions may be submitted in German and Portuguese as well Travel and Accommodation: The congress administration will not make hotel reservations nor organise travel to Johannesburg. Accommodation will be in medium-range hotels and in university residences. Details will be provided in the second circular. Further Information: The first circular is now available and can be requested from the congress office. (Addresses below) The second circular will contain the provisional programme as well as practical information and will be sent in December 1993. The third circular, containing the definitive programme and final details, will be sent only to registered participants. Registration: All persons who wish to participate in the Congress are requested to obtain a provisional registration form from the Congress office. Forms for final registration will be sent in the second circular. Approximate registration fees have been set at: -Congress participants: $100 (U.S) ($125 after 1 March 1993) -Students: $50 -Accompanying persons: $40 With the exceptions of the excursions, this fee will cover all conference costs, including the Proceedings. Details for currency transfer will be sent with the final registration forms (second circular). Universities, Academies, and Learned Societies are invited to name official delegates directly to the Congress Office. Correspondence: All correspondence should be directed to: World Congress of African Linguistics Department of African Languages University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 WITS 2050, SOUTH AFRICA e-mail: 140rocks@witsvma.wits.ac.za fax: (011) 716-8030 telephone: (011) 716-3350; 716-3495 telex: 4-27125 SA Congress Committee: R Finalsyon, RK Herbert, JSM Khumalo, A Traill Standing Committee: I Maddieson (UCLA), G. Ansre (WALS), H Batibo (Dar- es-Salaam), R. Finlayson (ALASA), B Heine (Koeln), G Herault (Paris), R Kagaya (Tokyo), Y Sylla (Dakar) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-500.