________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-51. Fri 14 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 58 Subject: 5.51 Books available for review Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 13:26 CST From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Books available for review -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 13:26 CST From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Books available for review Over the course of the past semester, publishers have sent us several books for review without posting their availability to the list. They are the following: Baker, Francis, and Tognini-Bonelli, eds. Text and Technology: In Honour of John Sinclair. Benjamins 1993 Komatsu and Harris, eds. Saussure's third course of lectures on general linguistics. Pergamon 1993 Gawronska, An MT oriented model of aspect and article semantics. Lund UP Renkema, Discourse Studies. Benjamins. Givon, English Grammar I and II. Benjamins. If you would like to write a 500-word discussion-starting summary of the issues covered in one of these books, contact Barbara Johnstone: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu. INCLUDE YOUR SNAIL_MAIL ADDRESS. Reviews are due two months after your receipt of the book. Assignments are first- come, first-served. We would like to remind publishers' representatives reading this posting that publishers are asked to post the titles and brief descriptions of books that are available for review at the same time as they send us review copies. This is the only way of guaranteeing that your books are reviewed promptly by people who have some idea in advance of what they are about. We do not have the staff to list each book as it comes in, though we will try to list books you have not listed once or twice a year. Barbara Johnstone Book Review Editor -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-51. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-52. Sun 16 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 81 Subject: 5.52 New Books: syntax, semantics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) oup lst (Oxford University Press) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ SYNTAX Dalrymple, Mary THE SYNTAX OF ANAPHORIC BINDING CSLI Publications 1993 ix, 179 pp. Anaphora US $17.95 (paper) $45.00 (cloth) ISBN 1-881526-06-2 (paper), 1-881526-07-0 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) This book provides a theory of the syntax of anaphoric binding within the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar, showing how a set of complex constraints on f-structural relations can interact to predict the wide range of universally-available syntactic conditions which anaphoric elements obey. Kroeger, Paul PHRASE STRUCTURE AND GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS IN TAGALOG CSLI Publications 1993 xiv, 240 pp. Phrase Structure Grammar US $16.95 (paper) $39.95 (cloth) ISBN 0-937073-86-5 (paper), 0-937073-87-3 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2735) Kroeger examines the history of the subjecthood debate and uses data from Tagalog to test the theories that have been put forth. He asserts that grammatical relations are not defined in terms of surface phrase structure configurations, but on the basis of syntactic properties. SEMANTICS Ojeda, Almerindo LINGUISTIC INDIVIDUALS CSLI Publications 1993 xii, 201 pp. Semantics US $17.95 (paper) $45.00 (cloth) ISBN 0-937073-84-9 (paper), 0-937073-85-7 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) Ojeda argues that the universe of discourse is mereologically structured by the relation of instantiation, the relation which holds between kinds and their instances. He examines the semantics of countability, uncountability, nominality, and the conceptual neuter. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-52. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-53. Sun 16 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 253 Subject: 5.53 FYI: Lang & cognition yearbook, Computational articles Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 1993 17:23:18 +0100 (MET) From: Ale de Boer Subject: Yearbook Language and Cognition 3, University of Groningen, NL 2) Date: Thu, 9 Dec 1993 09:50:23 -0500 From: "William J. Rapaport" Subject: Computational Linguistics articles -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 1993 17:23:18 +0100 (MET) From: Ale de Boer Subject: Yearbook Language and Cognition 3, University of Groningen, NL LANGUAGE AND COGNITION 3. YEARBOOK 1992 OF THE RESEARCH GROUP FOR THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LINGUISTICS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN Recently, the third Yearbook of the Research Group for Theoretical and Experimental Linguistics has appeared, entitled _Language and Cognition 3_. The book contains 26 original contributions on a wide variety of topics such as theoretical syntax, semantics and phonology, cognitive linguistics, first and second language acquisition, psycholinguistic research and computational linguistics. The articles contained in the Yearbook are: - Werner Abraham, The Focus Interface Hypothesis and the historical decay of the verbal genitive in German - Reineke Bok-Bennema, Native prefixoids in Spanish - Bert Bos, Looking for Text on the Internet - Leonie Bosveld-de Smet, Indefinite subjects in French and the stage-level versus individual-level predicates - Elly van Gelderen, Gerunds in the early twentieth century - Anastasia Giannakidou, KANENAS and TIPOTA: talking about nothing (or anything) in Modern Greek - Dicky Gilbers, Liquids - Petra Hendriks, Comparatives and Monotonicity - Jack Hoeksema, As (of) yet - Helen de Hoop, Semantics and the N400 - Edith Kaan, Event-related brain potentials and the study of syntax - Henny Klein, `Vrijwel', `nauwelijks' and the negative side of the absolute - Wim Kosmeijer, The status of Agr in the Scandinavian languages - Charlotte Koster, Pseudo-errors in the acquisition of pronominals - Jan Koster, Structure-preservingness and the end of transformationalism - Liesbeth Laport, Cognitive aspects of quantification - Karen Lattewitz, A minimalist view on verb raising - Klarien van der Linde, Vowel errors in Down's syndrome: deviation or delay - Sjaak de Mey, RAMs and the possible world analysis of belief - Arie Molendijk, Temporal Orientation - Margaret Polomska and Herman Wekker, The problem of evidence in L2 acquisition - Victor Sanchez Valencia, Ton van der Wouden and Frans Zwarts, Polarity and the flow of time - Jaume Sola, A uniform analysis of SELF elements - Marjolijn Verspoor, To-infinitive and NP XP constructions: a cognitive analysis - Frank Wijnen en Gerard Bol, The escape from the infinitive stage - Ron van Zonneveld, Tandem arguments The Yearbook 1993 costs fl. 40,-- (US$ 21.00). This does not include handling and postage (fl. 6,-- in the Netherlands, fl. 8,50 abroad). Those of you who want to obtain a copy can send a message to yearbook@let.rug.nl, or directly to Uitgeverij Passage, the publishing company that takes care of the distribution of the Yearbook. (Address: Uitgeverij Passage, P.O. Box 216, 9700 AE Groningen). There are also some copies available of last year's yearbook, _Language and Cognition 2_, which costs fl. 37,50 (handling and postage not included, rates as above). For more information, contact one of the editors or yearbook@let.rug.nl. The editors of _Language and Cognition 3_ Ale de Boer, Jelly de Jong and Rita Landeweerd Department of English/Department of Linguistics/Department of Romance Languages University of Groningen Oude Kijk in 't Jatstraat 26 9712 EK Groningen Phone: (050) 635623 e-mail: dboer@let.rug.nl, julia@let.rug.nl, landewrd@let.rug.nl *************************************************************************** __________________________________________ Ale de Boer, Department of English, University of Groningen Oude Kijk in 't Jatstraat 26 E-mail: dboer@let.rug.nl 9712 EK Groningen The Netherlands -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 9 Dec 1993 09:50:23 -0500 From: "William J. Rapaport" Subject: Computational Linguistics articles A GUIDE TO COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS ARTICLES IN THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 2nd Edition Stuart C. Shapiro (editor) (John Wiley & Sons, 1992) compiled by: William J. Rapaport Department of Computer Science and Center for Cognitive Science State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, NY 14260 rapaport@cs.buffalo.edu AUTHOR TITLE PAGES Volume 1: Bookman, L. A., & Alterman, R. Analog Semantic Features 27-28 Alvarado, S. J. Argument Comprehension 30-52 Kucera, H. Brown Corpus 128-130 Srihari, S. N., & Hull, J. J. Character Recognition 138-150 Ballard, B., & Jones, M. Computational Linguistics 203-224 Hardt, S. L. Conceptual Dependency 259-265 Hindle, D. Deep Structure 328-330 Ingria, R.; Boguraev, B.; & Pustejovsky,J. Dictionary/Lexicon 341-365 Scha, R.; Bruce, B. C.; & Polanyi,L. Discourse Understanding 365-379 Tennant, H. Ellipsis 445-446 Novak, V. Fuzzy Logic: Applications to Natural Language 515-521 Woods, W. A. Grammar, Augmented Transition Network 552-563 Bruce, B., & Moser, M. G. Grammar, Case 563-570 Gazdar, G. Grammar, Generalized Phrase Structure 570-573 Joshi, A. K. Grammar, Phrase Structure 573-580 Burton, R. Grammar, Semantic 580-583 | Bateman, J. A. Grammar, Systemic 583-592 | Mallery, J. C.; | Hurwitz, R.; | & Duffy,G. Hermeneutics 596-611 | Hill, J. C. Language Acquisition 761-772 | Fass, D., | & Pustejovsky, J. Lexical Decomposition 806-812 | Pustejovsky, J. Lexical Semantics 812-819 | | Volume 2: | | Nagao, M. Machine Translation 898-902 | Klavans, J. L., | & Tzoukermann, E. Morphology 963-972 | McDonald, D. D. Natural-Language Generation 983-997 | Carbonell, J. G., | & Hayes, P. J. Natural-Language Understanding 997-1016 | Petrick, S. Parsing 1099-1109 | Small, S. L. Parsing, Word-Expert 1109-1116 | Wilks, Y., | & Fass, D. Preference Semantics 1183-1194 | Cruse, D. A. Presupposition 1194-1201 | Dyer, M. G.; | Cullingford, R. E.; | & Alvarado, S. J. Scripts 1443-1460 | Sowa, J. F. Semantic Networks 1493-1511 | Devlin, K. J. Situation Theory and Situation Semantics 1541-1547 | Briscoe, E. J. Speech Recognition 1553-1559 | Norvig, P. Story Analysis 1568-1576 | Alterman, R. Text Summarization 1579-1587 | Sparck Jones, K. Thesaurus 1605-1613 | Knight, K. Unification 1630-1636 | | Additional articles from the 1st edition (1987): | | Coelho, H. Grammar, Definite Clause 339-342 | Berwick, R. Grammar, Transformational 353-361 | Newmeyer, F. J. Linguistics, Competence and Performance 503-508 | Wilks, Y. Machine Translation 564-571 | Tennant, H. Menu-Based Natural Language 594-597 | Koskenniemi, K. Morphology 619-620 | Bates, M. Natural-Language Interfaces 655-660 | Riesbeck, C. K. Parsing, Expectation-Driven 696-701 | Keyser, S. J. Phonemes 744-746 | Webber, B. Question Answering 814-822 | Smith, B. C. Self-Reference 1005-1010 | Hirst, G. Semantics 1024-1029 | Woods, W. Semantics, Procedural 1029-1031 | Allen, J. F. Speech Acts 1062-1065 | Allen, J. Speech Recognition 1065-1070 | Allen, J. Speech Synthesis 1070-1076 | Briscoe, E. J. Speech Understanding 1076-1083 | Lehnert, W. G. Story Analysis 1090-1099 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-53. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-54. Sun 16 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 67 Subject: 5.54 New Books: African langs, Phonology Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) oup lst (Oxford University Press) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ AFRICAN LANGS Mchombo, Sam A. (ed.) THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF BANTU GRAMMAR CSLI Publications 1993 x, 290 pp. Bantu Languages US $22.95 (paper) $45.00 (cloth) ISBN 0-937073-72-5 (paper), 0-937073-73-3 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) Papers in this volume deal with various aspects of the structure of Bantu languages, including the study of double objects in applicative constructions, the morphology and syntax of noun class prefixes, and reflexivization and reciprocalization. PHONOLOGY Buckley, Eugene THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF KASHAYA PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY CSLI Publications 1993 xii, 408 pp. Phonology, Morphology US $22.95 (paper) $45.00 (cloth) ISBN 1-881526-02-X (paper), 1-881526-03-8 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) This study discusses a wide range of phonological and morphological phenomena in Kashaya, a Pomoan language of northern California, and considers their implications for current theories of generative grammar. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-54. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-55. Sun 16 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.55 New Books: Morphology (available for discussion) Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Once again, we are posting notices of new books and/or software which are available for discussion. If you would like to lead a discussion on one of the available works, you should contact Barbara Johnstone to receive the review copy (address & details at the end of this message). We expect that commentary will be informal and interactive, and we hope that the author(s) of the works will join in. Anthony & Helen ------------------------------ MORPHOLOGY Morphology by Itself: Stems and Inflectional Classes author: Mark Aronoff series: Linguistic Inquiry Monograph publisher: The MIT Press price: $18.95 paper, $37.95 cloth to order: call 1-800-356-0343 or 617-625-8569 In this monograph Mark Aronoff argues that linguists must consider morphology by itself, not merely as an appendage of syntax and phonology, and that linguistic theory must allow for a separate and autonomous morphological component. Available for discussion __________________________________ Book Discussion Procedures: 1. Publishers who wish their book discussed in the Discussion Forum will send a copy of the book to: Prof. Barbara Johnstone Dept. of English Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843 USA They will then send LINGUIST a new book notice in the usual form, mentioning that they have sent us the work. We will publish this under the heading "Available for discussion" in one of our "New Books" issues. 2. If you wish to lead the discussion on such a work, contact Prof. Johnstone at: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu A copy of the work will be sent to you. And you, in return, must agree to post to Prof. Johnstone your opening statement and/or summary judgment about the work BEFORE it is posted to the net. We ask this because, even though these discussions are intended to be informal, we'd like them to be as balanced and thoughtful as possible. LINGUIST List: Vol-5-55. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-56. Mon 17 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 193 Subject: 5.56 Jobs: Applied lecturer, Cognitive postdoc, Lecturer, Fellowship Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 94 09:29:13 -0500 From: hmcgarre@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA (Hedy M. McGarrell) Subject: Positions at Brock 2) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 1994 10:08:44 EST From: Trisha Yannuzzi Subject: Cognitive Science Postdoctoral Fellowships Available 3) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 14:11:22 IST From: RHFL401@UVM.HAIFA.AC.IL Subject: Job offer 4) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 10:44:48 +0100 From: Walter.Daelemans@kub.nl Subject: Visiting Fellowships at ITK -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 94 09:29:13 -0500 From: hmcgarre@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA (Hedy M. McGarrell) Subject: Positions at Brock The text below has been approved for publication in the January 1994 issues of CAUT and University Affairs. Please feel free to draw it to the attention of individuals who might be interested in and qualified for one or the other of these positions. POSITIONS IN APPLIED LANGUAGE STUDIES BROCK UNIVERSITY - The Department of Applied Language Studies invites applications for two 9-month appointments at the rank of Lecturer or Assistant Professor, starting 1 September 1994. Both positions involve teaching three full courses at the undergraduate level. One position requires an individual with a background in linguistics and second language acquisition/teaching, the other in language development and language pathology (background in Speech Pathology desirable). These positions are subject to budgetary approval. Candidates should submit a letter of application, a curriculum vitae and the names of three referees by 15 February 1994 to: Dr. H.M. McGarrell, Chair, Department of Applied Language Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1. In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements, this advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens and permanent residents. Qualified women and men are equally encouraged to apply. ><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>< Hedy McGarrell, Department of Applied Language Studies, Brock University hmcgarre@spartan.ac.BrockU.ca 416-688-5550 ext. 3374 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 1994 10:08:44 EST From: Trisha Yannuzzi Subject: Cognitive Science Postdoctoral Fellowships Available The Institute for Research in Cognitive Science (IRCS) at the University of Pennsylvania provides opportunities for several postdoctoral positions in Cognitive Science. The deadline for applications is February 1, 1994. Decisions will be made March 15, 1994. To apply, please send a cover letter indicating your proposed research, including a statement about how you would benefit from working in our interdisciplinary environment and your resume. Please have two or three referees send letters of reference directly to: Postdoctoral Fellow Selection Committee Institute for Research in Cognitive Science University of Pennsylvania 400C 3401 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 The University of Pennsylvania is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 14:11:22 IST From: RHFL401@UVM.HAIFA.AC.IL Subject: Job offer ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Lectureship in English/Linguistics/Applied Linguistics Tenure track position, beginning October 1994, 8 - hour teaching load per week, primarily in Semantics, or Sociolinguistics, with ability to teach in one or more of the following, in addition to courses in your field: Applied Linguistics, Multilingualism, History of English. Applicants should have a Ph.D. in English, Linguistics, or Applied Linguistics and a research record. Experience in teaching at the university level is desirable. Rank: depending on applicant's credentials. Applicants should submit a CV, 3 letters of recommendation and copies of 3 recent publications, or diss. chapter to: Dr. Sarah Gilead Department of English Language and Literature University of Haifa Haifa 31905 ISRAEL FAX 972-4-240128 (Att. Dr. Sarah Gilead) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 10:44:48 +0100 From: Walter.Daelemans@kub.nl Subject: Visiting Fellowships at ITK CALL FOR APPLICATIONS Visiting Researcher Fellowships at the Institute for Language Technology and AI (ITK) The Institute for Language Technology and Artificial Intelligence (ITK) in Tilburg, Holland, offers fellowships for a stay at ITK up to six months to qualified researchers in the fields of computational linguistics, human-computer communication, databases, natural language semantics and pragmatics, knowledge representation, machine learning and AI-related subjects in general. Our current and long-range interests and projects include dialogue management, object orientation, machine learning of natural language, dynamic interpretation theories, computer aided-systems engineering and design methodologies. Of specific importance to us is the integration - theoretical as well as practical - of these approaches and technologies. Interested researchers should submit a detailed CV with publications (and for graduate students two letters of recommendation) and a broad indication of their intended period of stay, to either of the following institute directors: Harry C. Bunt Robert A. Meersman (natural language, AI) (databases, AI) Harry.Bunt@kub.nl Robert.Meersman@kub.nl The fellowship may involve the reimbursement of travel, accommodation in Tilburg, and in some cases, a salary supplement. ITK is a young (1988) institute employing some 40 researchers in the fields mentioned above. It already entertains many international contacts. ITK is situated on the Tilburg University campus in a wooded area at the edge of town with excellent connections by road, train and air. Visiting researchers will find at ITK a fertile, dynamic, project-oriented environment that allows them to develop their ideas individually or in small groups of like-minded researchers. Naturally, they have access to our latest computer, communication and publishing technology during their stay and to the university's high-tech library. For additional information contact: ITK Secretariat Warandelaan 2 P.O. Box 90153 5000 LE TILBURG The Netherlands itk@kub.nl Fax: +3113 662537 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-56. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-57. Mon 17 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 112 Subject: 5.57 Qs: Morphological causative, Patremos, Native languages, Test Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 23:51:35 CST From: "kyunghwan kim" Subject: morphological causative 2) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 1994 12:36:47 -0500 From: Bruce Nevin Subject: Guatemalan Godfather 3) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 1994 13:47:31 MST From: frantzn@hg.uleth.ca Subject: Recorded Native Lgs. 4) Date: 15 Jan 94 23:06:00 EST From: "SUSAN SOTILLO" Subject: test normed on speakers of Spanish -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 23:51:35 CST From: "kyunghwan kim" Subject: morphological causative Could you please provide me with references to languages that have a PRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGICAL causative construction (or a productive quasi- morphological one like in French) in which only the causer (and not the causee) can antecede a reflexive pronoun, and only the derived verb (and not the base verb) can be modified by an adverbial element (e.g., time, manner, place, participial, etc.)? Kyunghwan Kim kk11@midway.uchicago.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 1994 12:36:47 -0500 From: Bruce Nevin Subject: Guatemalan Godfather Seven or eight years ago, my wife and I took in a couple of Guatemalans, in loose connection with the sanctuary movement. Now one of them is asking me to be godfather to his baby sister's daughter. (I think godfather is what he means: the term he used was something like padremos or patremos, poorly heard on the telephone and not written down.) Can someone enlighten me as to what the expectations are likely to be? Gifts and other actions? I'd like to do honor to the honor done me. The salient feature he mentioned is that if the parents die the child is given to the godparents. Bruce Nevin bn@lightstream.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 1994 13:47:31 MST From: frantzn@hg.uleth.ca Subject: Recorded Native Lgs. A friend in Montana teaches a survey course on Native languages (of the Americas). One of her students complained that they did not get to hear what the languages sound like. Has anyone put together a cassette with a sampling of languages? I remember a tape from long ago called "A word in your ear", which, as I recall, gave recorded samples of several languages, along with an unquestioning acceptance of the "Whorfian Hypothesis". If there are tapes available, please let me know the particulars for purchasing a copy, and I'll pass the info on to the friend in Montana. Thanks. Don Frantz frantzn@hg.uleth.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: 15 Jan 94 23:06:00 EST From: "SUSAN SOTILLO" Subject: test normed on speakers of Spanish I have been asked to recommend a test (reading comprehension, vocabulary) normed on native speakers of Spanish (preferably on speakers of Caribbean and Latin American Spanish) to be administered to college students who wish to take advanced literature and other content courses in Spanish. Since I have not worked in the area of bilingualism for a while nor am I directlyh connected with Latin American or Spanish literature, I would appreciate your input. When I was directing a bilingual/ESL progream with a Spanish content component in Philadelphia, we used the InterAmerican test. Several of my colleagues who teach in the Spanish dept. at my college did not like this test. They found too many errors. Anyu suggestions??? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-57. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-58. Mon 17 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 87 Subject: 5.58 Confs: ISFC94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 11 Jan 94 21:33:42 MET From: noel@banruc60.bitnet Subject: ISFC94 keynote speakers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 11 Jan 94 21:33:42 MET From: noel@banruc60.bitnet Subject: ISFC94 keynote speakers The following people have accepted to offer plenaries at the 21st International Systemic Functional Congress, to be held in Ghent, Belgium, 1 - 5 August 1994: Basil BERNSTEIN (London) Claude HAGEGE (Paris) M.A.K. HALLIDAY (Sydney) Ruqaiya HASAN (Macquarie) Christian MATTHIESSEN (Sydney) William McGREGOR (Melbourne) Petr SGALL (Prague) Anna SIEWIERSKA (Amsterdam) Stanley STAROSTA (Hawaii) Jef VERSCHUEREN (Antwerp) The aim of the conference will be to bring together linguists working within functional models of various types. It will provide a forum for a constructive confrontation of functional approaches and hopes to promote the fruitful interaction between functional theory and applications in different fields such as educational and clinical linguistics, stylistics, translation studies, artificial intelligence, and communication studies. Papers are invited on a broad range of topics relating to the functional perspective on language. The focus may be on such areas as clause grammar, discourse processes, text structure, dialectal and register variation, genre, univer- sality and culture-specificity of linguistic organization. The orientation may be theoretical, descriptive or applied. If you wish to present a paper, or would like to offer a workshop, contact Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen (annemarie.vandenbergen@rug.ac.be) for more detailed information on the format of abstracts. The deadline for abstracts is 15 February 1994. The same address can be used if you would like more information on the conference venue, accommodation and meals, how to get to Ghent, etc. The Ghent conference will immediately be followed by a workshop in Antwerp on `Spoken and Written Discourse in Institutional Settings`. One of the Guest Speakers there will be Paul Drew (York). For more information contact Ronald Geluykens (ictl.geluykens.r@alpha.ufsia.ac.be). Immediately preceding the Ghent conference there will be a summer school in Leuven on recent developments in systemic functional linguistics. The main lecturers will be John Bateman (Darmstadt), M.A.K. Halliday (Sydney), Ruqaiya Hasan (Macquarie), Wiebke Ramm and Erich Steiner (Saarbruecken), assisted by Kristin Davidse (Leuven), Liesbeth Degand (Louvain-la-Neuve) and Ronald Geluykens (Antwerp). The programme will be organized in two parallel strands, each of which will run a week: Strand 1: The Analysis of Language from a Discourse Perspective Strand 2: Systemic Functional Linguistics and Natural Language Processing. For more information contact Kristin Davidse (kd%users%lw@cc3.kuleuven.ac.be) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-58. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-59. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 107 Subject: 5.59 Qs: Course, Critical period, Audio tape, ACL database Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 17:28:22 +0000 (GMT) From: fa1922@ccub.wlv.ac.uk (D.Galasinski) Subject: course 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 11:07:32 -0500 (EST) From: BALTIN@ACFcluster.NYU.EDU Subject: Re: 5.57 Qs: Morphological causative, Patremos, Native languages, Test 3) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 23:19:45 PST From: cathal@ling.UCSC.EDU (Cathal Doherty) Subject: audio tape wanted 4) Date: Sun, 16 Jan 94 23:35:52 PST From: "Ray Siemens" Subject: Query: ACL databse of lexical resources -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 17:28:22 +0000 (GMT) From: fa1922@ccub.wlv.ac.uk (D.Galasinski) Subject: course Next year I am going to teach an undergraduate course (3rd year) called "Language and Influence". Has anybody taught a similar one and could share some ideas (or hasn't taught but still could share them)?. Thanks in advance, Darek Galasinski (fa1922@uk.ac.wlv.ccub) UofWolverhampton -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 11:07:32 -0500 (EST) From: BALTIN@ACFcluster.NYU.EDU Subject: Re: 5.57 Qs: Morphological causative, Patremos, Native languages, Test I was wondering if those more knowledgeable than I in this area could tell me what the current thinking of psycholinguists is about the notion of a critical period in language acquisition. My last knowledge about this topic stems from my undergraduate days, when we learned about Lenneberg's proposal that localization had to occur by puberty; afterwards, I had heard that Krashen had proposed the age of 5 or 6. I don't know what the current idea is. I'd be grateful for any responses (preferably to me directly), and then I'll post a summary. Thanks,---- Mark Baltin (baltin@acfcluster.nyu.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 23:19:45 PST From: cathal@ling.UCSC.EDU (Cathal Doherty) Subject: audio tape wanted I'm trying to locate a copy of an audio tape which goes with the volume: "Standards and Dialects in English", Shopen T. and J.M. Williams (eds), Winthrop, Cambridge Mass. 1980. I've tried the publishers and several libraries to no avail. If anyone can help, I'd be very grateful. Cathal Doherty -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Sun, 16 Jan 94 23:35:52 PST From: "Ray Siemens" Subject: Query: ACL databse of lexical resources I am looking for information about the ACL's database of lexical resources. Especially, I would like to know how one might gain access. Thanks in advance. RS Ray Siemens University of British Columbia siemens@unixg.ubc.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-59. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-60. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 149 Subject: 5.60 Qs: Adjectives, Classifiers, Denasalization, Goaf Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 16 Jan 1994 17:51:33 -0600 (UTC -06:00) From: Ken Miner Subject: adjectives of feeling 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 19:37:02 SST From: David Gil Subject: QUERY: NUMERAL CLASSIFIERS 3) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 18:12:10 -0700 (MST) From: WDEREUSE@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Query on denasalization 4) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 15:04:02 PST From: am@macdict.dict.mq.edu.au (Alison Moore) Subject: Query: goaf -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 16 Jan 1994 17:51:33 -0600 (UTC -06:00) From: Ken Miner Subject: adjectives of feeling Someone has asked me for a compilation of English "adjectives of feeling" (angry, sad, lonely, puzzled...). I have not heard of such a list, but if anyone has, please let me know. The request is for adjectives specifically, rather than all such predicates. However, I could boil down a larger list. Ken Miner miner@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 19:37:02 SST From: David Gil Subject: QUERY: NUMERAL CLASSIFIERS In "numeral-classifier languages" such as Vietnamese and Mandarin, it is often claimed that the use of a numeral classifier is "obligatory" when a noun occurs in construction with a numeral. I am interested in knowing whether -- contrary to the above claim -- there may be certain contexts in which the classifier is in fact optional. One likely context is that of restaurants and cafes. In Vietnamese, when a waiter takes an order from a table and shouts it back to the kitchen, s/he will typically omit the classifier, eg. (diacritics omitted) [hai ga ba bo] "two chicken three beef" (at a noodle stall), or [hai ca-phe den mot nuoc cam] "two coffee black one water orange" (at a drinks stall). In contrast, in (the Singaporean dialect of) Mandarin, in similar contexts, it is my impression that the classifier is usually or always present, though, quite often, the numeral-plus-classifier expression will occur after the noun, rather than in its "canonical" position before it, eg. [kafei yi bei] "coffee one cup". My query is thus addressed to speakers of "numeral-classifier languages", or linguists living in communities of "numeral-classifier language" speakers. I would therefore like to hear from speakers of or persons familiar with Japanese, Korean, the various Chinese languages spoken in the PRC, ROC and Hong Kong, Khmer, Thai, Burmese, Nepali, or any other "numeral-classifier language". Specifically, I would like to know whether, in your language, there are contexts (such as restaurants and cafes) in which the numeral classifier can be omitted, as would appear to be the case in Vietnamese, or whether the numeral classifier must indeed always be present, as is perhaps the case in Singaporean Mandarin. I would also appreciate any theoretical comments on this issue, and speculation on what factors might underlie the apparent difference between Vietnamese and Mandarin (eg. maybe the numeral-plus- classifier constituent constitutes two words in Vietnamese but a single word in Mandarin). Thanks, David Gil ellgild@nusvm.bitnet PS I still owe the linguist list summaries on two previous classifier queries. I now plan to post a joint summary for all three classifier queries. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 18:12:10 -0700 (MST) From: WDEREUSE@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Query on denasalization Dear list: I am looking for references or languages that have denasalization of a nasal vowel, where the vowel does not just become denasalized, but is replaced by an (oral) vowel plus engma sequence. A potential example from the Antwerp dialect of Flemish: Pre-Flemish stage 1: mEns 'person' Pre-Flemish stage 2: mE(Nasalized)s Contemporary stage: mEngs, where ng stands for a velar nasal. The interesting thing is that n nasalizes a preceding vowel, and then it is denasalized again, but with a following velar nasal, rather than the expected homorganic alveolar nasal. Apparently, vowel height also has an influence on denasalization, since the low vowel /a/ remains nasal in present day Antwerp, and does not evolve to ang. Thus Fra(nasal)s 'French' , not *Frangs. Any comments on similar denasalization phenomena would be most welcome. If there is enough response, I will summarize for the list. Willem J. de Reuse University of Arizona WDEREUSE@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 15:04:02 PST From: am@macdict.dict.mq.edu.au (Alison Moore) Subject: Query: goaf The Macquarie Dictionary staff have had a query about the etymology of the mining term 'goaf'. We have consulted the OED and the English Dialect Dictionary but are not much the wiser. We would appreciate any ideas about the etymology of this word. With thanks, Alison Moore, Macquarie Dictionary -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-60. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-61. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 107 Subject: 5.61 Qs: Phonological reconstruction, Negation, Word prediction Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 10:51:14 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Phonological reconstruction 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 13:09 GMT From: "Raphael Salkie, Brighton University, UK" Subject: Negation in French and English 3) Date: 17 Jan 94 18:41 +0100 From: Nestor Garay Subject: Syntactic word-prediction. -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 10:51:14 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Phonological reconstruction Most reconstructed proto-segments are identical to a segment that appears in one or more of the daughter languages. Once in a while something else is chosen for some reason or other. I know of a few cases but I would like to have more from as many language families as possible. If you know of any, please let me know. Marc Picard picard@vax2.concordia.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 13:09 GMT From: "Raphael Salkie, Brighton University, UK" Subject: Negation in French and English Can anyone point me to studies that contrast negation in French and English? I'm particularly interested in text-based work which looks at cases where one language uses a negative expression but the other language does not. But anything on negation in these two languages would be helpful. The only contrastive study I have come across so far is: S. Pons-Ridler & G. Quillard, Quelques aspects de la nigation: comparaison de l'anglais et du frangais. Canadian Modern Language Review 47.2, January 1991. Other journals aimed at language teachers (e.g. Les Langues Modernes) might have pieces on negation. I would be very grateful for any help, and I'll publicise any good material in the list. A luta continua. Raf Salkie Raphael Salkie, The Language Centre, University of Brighton, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 17 Jan 94 18:41 +0100 From: Nestor Garay Subject: Syntactic word-prediction. Hello: We are a research group of the Basque Country University which is interested in Aids for People with Special Needs. One of the projects that we are involved in is word-prediction, to enhance the keyboard input speed. At the moment, we are researching word-prediction using syntactical information. We have actually done the study for Spanish and we are going to start the study for English. The problem is that we need an English corpus where the words were syntactically categorised. If there is someone that can help us to find it, please contact us in the following E-mail address: acbgavin@si.ehu.es Thank you very much. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-61. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-62. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 131 Subject: 5.62 Jobs: Senior secondment, Lectureship Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 11:34:59 GMT From: E S Atwell Subject: Senior secondment opportunity 2) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 14:11:22 IST From: RHFL401@UVM.HAIFA.AC.IL Subject: Job offer -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 11:34:59 GMT From: E S Atwell Subject: Senior secondment opportunity The UK Higher Education Funding Councils' Joint Information Systems Committee has recently established a New Technologies Initiative, and wishes to appoint a NTI Coordinator at a Senior level. I have been on secondment (from a Senior Lectureship in Artificial Intelligence) for nearly three years as KBS Initiative Coordinator, and it has been a VERY interesting experience (and a welcome change from full-time teaching!) The post will by default be based at Manchester University -see below for a full job advert. NTI covers a wide range of `New Technologies' including Knowledge Based Systems and Speech and Language Technology; so if you have relevant technical experience and are looking for a novel career move, contact Terry Hewitt for more info! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Eric Steven Atwell National Coordinator, Higher Education Funding Councils' KBS Initiative Director, Centre for Computer Analysis of Language And Speech (CCALAS) Artificial Intelligence Division, School of Computer Studies phone: +44 532 335761 Leeds University FAX: +44 532 335468 Leeds LS2 9JT Email: eric@scs.leeds.ac.uk England &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& New Technologies Initiative National Coordinator The University of Manchester, on behalf of the The Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Higher Education Funding Councils of the United Kingdom, wish to appoint a coordinator to support the work of the New Technologies Initiative (NTI). This new Initiative aims to enable students and researchers to have access to the most recent technical developments in order to ensure a well informed, trained and educated community, able to provide support for the continuous development and full functionality of Information Systems in the future. As a means to achieve this, the Initiative will fund around fifty wide-ranging projects in HE institutions throughout the country. These projects will include, for example, uses of high-capacity networks, parallel architectures and applications, multimedia developments, knowledge representation, and many other areas. The coordinator is likely to be based in the Manchester Computing Centre of the University of Manchester, but will be required to travel widely. Duties will include: servicing the NTSC and its subcommittees and working parties; arranging periodic assessments of all individual projects; maintaining an awareness of, and liaison with, related developments in the wider world; identifying requirements for further funding initiatives and for developments from the Initiative; promoting and publicising the results of the Initiative. The successful candidate will be expected to work closely with the Chairman and members of the New Technologies Sub-Committee (NTSC), and with the JISC Secretariat. Candidates should be educated to degree standard in a relevant discipline and will require a good technical awareness and understanding of current developments throughout the field of Information Systems. Good drafting, presentation and communication skills are essential. Salary will dependent upon experience and will be on either scale scale 3 (pounds 21,255 -- pounds 25,107) or for a suitably qualified candidate scale 5 (pounds 26,359 -- pounds 32,202) of Academic Related Administrative Library and Computer Staff. The appointment will be for six months initially, with, subject to funding becoming available, a further two years to follow. Proposals for alternative methods of providing the coordination required will however be welcomed, as will proposals for secondment. Those seeking informal discussion are invited to contact W T Hewitt, (telephone: 061 275 6095, electronic mail: w.t.hewitt@mcc.ac.uk). Further particulars may be obtained from the Registrar's Department, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, quoting reference 1/94, Closing date for applications or alternative proposals is: 28 January 1994. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 14:11:22 IST From: RHFL401@UVM.HAIFA.AC.IL Subject: Job offer ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Lectureship in English/Linguistics/Applied Linguistics Tenure track position, beginning October 1994, 8 - hour teaching load per week, primarily in Semantics, or Sociolinguistics, with ability to teach in one or more of the following, in addition to courses in your field: Applied Linguistics, Multilingualism, History of English. Applicants should have a Ph.D. in English, Linguistics, or Applied Linguistics and a research record. Experience in teaching at the university level is desirable. Rank: depending on applicant's credentials. Applicants should submit a CV, 3 letters of recommendation and copies of 3 recent publications, or diss. chapter to: Dr. Sarah Gilead Department of English Language and Literature University of Haifa Haifa 31905 ISRAEL FAX 972-4-240128 (Att. Dr. Sarah Gilead) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-62. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-63. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 89 Subject: 5.63 Calls: New deadline for GURT Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 23:20:58 -0500 (EST) From: SKIESLING@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: New deadline for GURT student presession -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 23:20:58 -0500 (EST) From: SKIESLING@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: New deadline for GURT student presession ** NOTE NEW DEADLINE: JANUARY 24, 1993 *** Call for Proposals Discourse Analysis: Works in Progress Georgetown University Round Table March 13, 1994 Scott F. Kiesling, Elif Tolga Rosenfeld, co-organizers Students are invited to submit proposals for presentations of discourse analytic work in progress. The workshop will be driven by the presentations, although students and professors who are not presenting are invited to participate in discussion. The workshop will provide an opportunity for students to get feedback on their work, to hear what other students are doing with discourse data, and to talk with people who have similar research interests. Proposals: (1) Two copies of a 150 word description of the data (NOT an abstract), one anonymous and one with your last name in the upper right hand corner. Include the data collection method/procedure, the medium (spoken, written, sign, electronic, etc.), as well as the speech events and/or genres on which you are focusing. (2) Two copies of a page of examples from your data which you would like to present for discussion, one anonymous and one with your last name in the upper right hand corner. If the proposal is accepted it will be included in a booklet of all the data for the workshop. To ease discussion we ask that you follow these formatting guidelines: lines should be numbered; one inch margins should be respected; if the language is other than English, provide an interlinear gloss and translation. On the reverse of this page please include three questions or points you would like to discuss with respect to your data. (3)A 3x5 index card including your name, affiliation, program/department, contact address, phone/fax number, e-mail address, student level (undergraduate, Master's, or Ph.D), and your progress in analysis (e.g. still gathering data, transcribing, analyzing, writing dissertation). Also, indicate if you are prepared and would be willing to play the audio or video tape of the data (if applicable). Proposals must be received by January 24, 1994. Proposals will be reviewed anonymously for originality, importance, and general interest. The format of the workshop will depend on the proposals received, but we will try to group projects by topic, medium, location, etc. Acceptance notification will be by February 1. Presenters must register for GURT presessions. ($20 before Feb. 21). Send to the organizers at: GURT 1994 Georgetown University School of Languages and Linguistics 303 Intercultural Center Washington, DC 20057-1067. Fax: (202) 687-5712 Or by e-mail (only one copy of the proposal need be sent): Scott Kiesling (skiesling@guvax.georgetown.edu) Elif Rosenfeld (rosenfeld@guvax.georgetown.edu) Students not presenting data are encouraged to attend the discussion. For a registration form, or further information, contact the organizers at the above addresses or Joan C. Cook, GURT Coordinator Phone: (202) 687-5726 E-mail: gurt@guvax.georgetown.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-63. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-64. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 158 Subject: 5.64 Confs: Third diachronic generative syntax conference Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 12:47:21 MET From: kemenade@let.vu.nl (Ans van Kemenade) Subject: programme 3rd diachronic generative syntax conference -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 12:47:21 MET From: kemenade@let.vu.nl (Ans van Kemenade) Subject: programme 3rd diachronic generative syntax conference Programme of The Third Diachronic Generative Syntax Conference Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 30 March -31 March-1 April 1994 Wednesday 30 March Location: Vrije Universiteit, Auditorium 9.00 Registration/coffee 9.50 Welcome address by Geert Booij, president of Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics (HIL) and the Dutch national linguistics network (LOT) 10.00-10.50 Paul Kiparsky (Stanford) The rise of positional licensing in Germanic Coffee 11.10-12.00 Claudia Parodi (UCLA) Participle agreement and object shift in Old Spanish 12.00-12.50 Fred Weerman (Utrecht) Scrambling and morphological case without case theory Lunch, Free University restaurant 14.00-14.50 Cecilia Falk (Lund) Embedded word order in Old Swedish and Modern Swedish 14.50-15.40 Anthony Kroch and Ann Taylor (UPenn Philadelphia) The loss of OV word order in Middle English Tea 16.00-16.50 Discussion: H skuldur Thr insson (Harvard) Drinks Thursday 31 March Location: Vrije Universiteit, Auditorium 9.00-9.50 David Lightfoot (Maryland) Shifting triggers and diachronic reanalyses 9.50-10.40 Steven Sch ufele (Urbana/Budapest) Do as I do, not as I say: a study of the history of V-AGR merger, VP-negation, and do-support in English, 1350-1750 Coffee 11.00-11.50 Alison Henry (Ulster) Viewing change in progress: the loss of V2 in Hiberno- English imperatives 11.50-12.20 Discussion: Hans Den Besten (Amsterdam)/ Wim van der Wurff (Leiden) Lunch, Free University restaurant 13.30-14.20 Paul Hirschb hler and Laurie Zaring (Ottawa) Qu'est-ce que ce que? The diachronic evolution of a French complementizer 14.20-15.10 Josep Fontana (Ohio State) Romance and Germanic looked a lot alike when they were older Tea 15.30-16.20 Monique Dufresne and Fernande Dupuis (Montreal) A modular approach to the reanalysis of the French subject pronoun 16.20-17.10 Maria Luisa Rivero (Ottawa) Two locations for complement clitic pronouns 17.10-18.00 discussion: Johan Roorijck (Leiden) 19.30 Dinner Friday 1 April Location: Agnietenkapel 9.00-9.50 Ian Roberts (Bangor/Maryland) Cliticisation and word order in the history of English (and French) Coffee 10.10-11.00 Kees van Dijk (Amsterdam) The IPP-effect, perfect tense and applicative constructions 11.00-11.50 Cecilia Poletto and Paula Beninca (Padua) The development of modal verbs of necessity in standard Italian 11.50-12.15 Business meeting Lunch 13.30-14.20 Werner Abraham (Groningen) Case, aspect and aktionsart - their interdependence in the history of German 14.20-15.10 Julia Philippi (Stuttgart) The historical development of DP Tea 15.30-16.20 Nigel Vincent (Manchester) The emergence of the D-system in Romance 16.20-17.10 Discussion: Giuseppe Longobardi (Venice) Alternates: 1) Eithne Guilfoyle (Calgary) External arguments and infinitivals in Old English 2) Susan Clack (Bangor) A consideration of V2 in regards to Middle Welsh The registration fee for the conference is Hfl. 80,-, to be paid upon registration. This includes coffee, tea, 2 lunches, drinks on Wednesday, and a book of abstracts. Those interested in attending the conference may apply for a hotel booking form from the organiser. It is advisable to do this very soon, as the hotel situation in Amsterdam is extremely tight around Easter. The Third Diachronic Generative Syntax Conference is sponsored by the Dutch national linguistics network LOT, the Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Dutch Foundation for Scientific Research NWO, the faculty of arts of the University of Amsterdam, the faculty of Arts of the Free University Amsterdam. Executive committee: Aafke Hulk, Eric Reuland, Fred Weerman For further information, contact the conference organiser Ans van Kemenade Vrije Universiteit Vakgroep Taalkunde/Engels De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HV Amsterdam e-mail: kemenade@let.vu.nl fax: #31-20-6446436 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-64. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-65. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 192 Subject: 5.65 FYI: Free E-mag on intelligent computing Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 14:34:14 -0800 (PST) From: callewis@netcom.com (David Scott Lewis) Subject: FREE E-Mag on Intelligent Computing -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 14:34:14 -0800 (PST) From: callewis@netcom.com (David Scott Lewis) Subject: FREE E-Mag on Intelligent Computing * * * P R E S S R E L E A S E * * * P R E S S R E L E A S E * * * B R I E F R E L E A S E FREE MAGAZINE Free, electronic magazine features article summaries on new generation computer and communications technologies from over 100 trade magazines and research journals; key U.S. & international daily newspapers, news weeklies, and business magazines; and, over 100 Internet mailing lists & USENET groups. Each issue (10/year) includes listings of forthcoming & recently published technical books and forthcoming shows & conferences. Bonus: Exclusive interviews with technology pioneers. E-mail subscription requests to: listserv@ucsd.edu (Leave the "Subject" line blank.) In the body of the message, type: SUBSCRIBE HOTT-LIST (do not include first or last names) * * * P R E S S R E L E A S E * * * P R E S S R E L E A S E * * * G E N E R A L R E L E A S E HOTT -- Hot Off The Tree -- is a FREE monthly (10/year) electronic magazine featuring the latest advances in computer, communications, and electronics technologies. Each issue provides article summaries on new & emerging technologies, including VR (virtual reality), neural networks, PDAs (personal digital assistants), GUIs (graphical user interfaces), intelligent agents, ubiquitous computing, genetic & evolutionary programming, wireless networks, smart cards, video phones, set-top boxes, nanotechnology, and massively parallel processing. Summaries are provided from the following sources: Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, San Jose Mercury News, Boston Globe, Financial Times (London) ... Time, Newsweek, U.S. News & World Report ... 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The system automatically responds to the sender's return path. Hence, it is necessary to send subscription requests and cancellations directly to the listserv at UCSD. (I cannot make modifications to the list ... nor do I have access to the list.) For your privacy, please note that the list will not be rented. If you have problems and require human intervention, contact: hott@ucsd.edu The next issue of the reinvented HOTT e-magazine is scheduled for transmission in February. Please forward this announcement to friends and colleagues, and post to your favorite bulletin boards. Our objective is to disseminate the highest quality and largest circulation periodical on the Information Superhighway. I look forward to serving you as HOTT's new editor. Thank you. H O T T U P D A T E I've received a steady stream of superb suggestions over the past weeks regarding the WWW and cross-posting. In response, I plan to launch a WWW/Postscript version of HOTT by 4Q 94. Also, I'll be attempting to launch a gated version to a USENET group. We'll probably call it: bit.listserv.hott or bit.magazines.computing I'm targeting the first issue for a gated USENET group. Further details will be provided in a late January update and the first issue of the e-mail edition. For the protection of your privacy, the HOTT mailing list will NEVER be rented. However, it has become necessary to seek corporate sponsors to help defray costs for subscriptions, reprint permissions, and related expenses (e.g., a new host site -- we're pushing UCSD to its limits!). But we can't get sponsors unless we have at least 100,000+ subscribers. Once we launch a USENET group, we'll be recommending that our Internet subscribers switch to the moderated (and closed) USENET group. Converting most of our Internet subscribers to a USENET will pose much less of a strain on our host system, especially when we exceed 250,000 subscribers. Besides, it's actually easier to read a magazine on a newsreader than it is by e-mail, but it's a lot harder for me to get accurate readership numbers. I'll keep you posted (no pun intended). BTW, we'll continue to offer an e-mail subscription option for those without (or with limited) access to USENET. NEW FEATURES (Consider the following to be a ** very ** preliminary announcement of new features I plan to add to HOTT ... but I can't until we get several sustaining sponsors.) There are numerous features that I plan to add over the next year. First, I want to expand trade magazine coverage to over 200 sources, including at least 30 British trade publications. Also, I want to provide summaries of U.S. and U.K. national news programs, i.e., ABC, CBS, NBC, and BBC. I'd like to transmit selected full-text features from The Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, The (London) Financial Times, and a Japanese English-language daily (plus article summaries from a few other Japanese English-language dailies; there are a half- dozen English-language dailies published in Japan). Eventually, I'd like to add The New York Times (if I can negotiate a reasonable rate), The San Jose Mercury News, and The Boston Globe. And maybe even Newsbytes and the Japanese English-language equivalent to Newsbytes. I'm currently negotiating with The Los Angeles Times Syndicate for Michael Schrage's "Innovation" column (Michael is willing to comp HOTT on an experimental basis) and I'd like to add a few other syndicated columns. And I have several other surprises! Wish us luck! BTW, information on HOTT archives will be provided in the first issue. -- ************************************************************************* * David Scott Lewis * * Editor-in-Chief and Book & Video Review Editor * * IEEE Engineering Management Review * * (the world's largest circulation "high tech" management journal) * * Internet address: d.s.lewis@ieee.org Tel: +1 714 662 7037 * * USPS mailing address: POB 18438 / IRVINE CA 92713-8438 USA * ************************************************************************* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-65. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-66. Tue 18 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 124 Subject: 5.66 FYI: Consortium for lexical research, Software Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 16:35:15 MST From: lexical@crl.nmsu.edu (Consortium for Lexical Research) Subject: Consortium for Lexical Research 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 20:00:40 CST From: Chris Culy Subject: FYI: Software available -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 16:35:15 MST From: lexical@crl.nmsu.edu (Consortium for Lexical Research) Subject: Consortium for Lexical Research The Consortium for Lexical Research is designed to serve as a repository for software and resources of importance to the linguistics and natural language processing research community. Sharable resources, and the task of centralizing lexical data and tools, are of foremost concern in lexical research and computational linquistics. It is our objective to help alleviate the repeated re-creation of basic software tools, and to assist in making essential data sources more generally available. *********************************************** * For more information on CLR, please write * * to lexical@crl.nmsu.edu. You may also ftp * * to clr.nmsu.edu, and get our "catalog.ps" * * (postscript) or "catalog" (ascii). * *********************************************** If you have developed a piece of software for computational linguistics or natural language processing that other researchers might find useful, you can include it in the CLR archives by returning the following description form. We would be very pleased to review your contribution. __________________________________________________________________ TODAY'S DATE: AUTHOR'S NAME: SOFTWARE NAME or NAME OF THE RESOURCE: TYPE: (type of tool or data) DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RESOURCE: AVAILABILITY OF DOCUMENTATION, MANUALS, OR README FILE: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: PLATFORM: (Hardware, OS, etc.) COPYRIGHT: PRICE OR LIMITATIONS: (academic use only, freely available, etc.) NOTES: (any additional info) _______________________________________ Please be sure to include the following: Author Name: Complete Address: Telephone: Email address: __________________________________________________________________ Thank you very much, Katherine A. Mitchell Consortium for Lexical Research email: lexical@nmsu.edu postal: Box 30001/ 3CRL New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 phone: (505)-646-5466 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 1994 20:00:40 CST From: Chris Culy Subject: FYI: Software available John Lawler has been kind enough to allow me upload the Macintosh software that I demonstrated at the recent LSA software poster session. It is in /linguistics/software/mac/grammar-and-trees-10.hqx. I've included a description below. Chris _______________________ Grammar and Trees 1.0 Description: Grammar and Trees is a HyperCard stack which contains a context free phrase structure parser and a method for drawing trees from labelled brackettings. This stack is designed as an aid for students to explore context free phrase structure grammars, and particularly to see the relationship between rules and trees. In addition to the stack itself, some sample exercises are included. Requirements: HyperCard 2.1 or later, or HyperCard Player Price: Grammar and Trees is shareware ($10). Christopher Culy e-mail: chris-culy@uiowa.edu Linguistics Department The University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242 USA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-66. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-67. Thu 20 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 117 Subject: 5.67 Qs: Transforamtions, Text, Halitosis, Mongolian Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 14:11:16 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott Subject: Semantic Difference or not 2) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 12:45:49 -0500 (EST) From: "Robert D. Rachlin" Subject: TESL to students illiterate in first language 3) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 15:44:53 -0800 From: Joseph Pentheroudakis Subject: coining of 'halitosis': legend or truth? 4) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 20:51 MST From: CAROLG@CC.UTAH.EDU Subject: Mongolian singing/whistling (?) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 14:11:16 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott Subject: Semantic Difference or not Taking the English sentence John sprayed paint on the wall. which is transformed into The wall was sprayed with paint by John. Do you think that there exists a semantic difference in these two sentences? Or does this imply that transformations do not change the meaning of sentences. Thanking you, AMcE. __________________________________________________________________ Annette McElligott, CSIS Dept., University of Limerick, Ireland. Tel: +353 61 333644 ext. 5024; Fax: +353 61 330876 Email: mcelligo@itdsrv1.ul.ie or mcelligotta@ul.ie ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 12:45:49 -0500 (EST) From: "Robert D. Rachlin" Subject: TESL to students illiterate in first language Does anyone have references to texts or articles dealing with the special problems that accompany teaching English (or for that matter any language) as a second language to students who are illiterate in their first language? Many thanks. ________________________________________________________________________ | Robert D. Rachlin Downs Rachlin & Martin Burlington, VT 05402-0190 | | rachlin@panix.com Compuserve: 72420,3350 MCI: 583-3818 | |................Tel: 802 863 2375 Fax: 802 863 2573..................| -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 15:44:53 -0800 From: Joseph Pentheroudakis Subject: coining of 'halitosis': legend or truth? Does anyone know whether the word 'halitosis' was indeed coined by the Listerine folks back in the 20s, as I seem to remember reading in an essay about marketing and advertising some years ago, or is this the linguistic equivalent of an urban legend (that perhaps only I am aware of)? Joseph Pentheroudakis Microsoft NLP PS Yes, I do know the word is a neologism derived from Latin 'halitus', "breath". -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 20:51 MST From: CAROLG@CC.UTAH.EDU Subject: Mongolian singing/whistling (?) Did anyone hear the whole program on NPR this morning (Jan 18) on what I think was something like Mongolian singing/whistling at the same time? I only caught a few minutes of it, and would like to know more -- is there a tape of the program available to schools? Is there any articulatory or auditory description of it? Thanks -- I barely heard any of it but don't want it to get away. Carol Georgopoulos carolg@cc.utah.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-67. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-68. Thu 20 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 112 Subject: 5.68 Qs: Sound change, French/Korean text, Agreement, Relative clause Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 94 20:27:44 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Possible sound changes ( w -> l before low vowels) 2) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 09:31:56 -0600 (CST) From: Jim Frasier Subject: French/Korean text 3) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 94 20:25:26 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: *These man and woman 4) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 18:54:49 +1000 From: Nick Nicholas Subject: Relative Clause Accessibili -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 94 20:27:44 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Possible sound changes ( w -> l before low vowels) Does anybody know any examples of such a sound change (other than in Hopi, which I know about and which is the reason I am posing the query) or of any theory which would either predict that such a change is impossible or else predict that it is possible (in a nontrivial theory which allows only a small range of possible sound changes, of course!). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 09:31:56 -0600 (CST) From: Jim Frasier Subject: French/Korean text I teach French in high school in Texas. I have a student in one of my classes whose native language is Korean. I am looking for a French textbook in Korean at the beginning/intermediate level--the student is currently in French II. Such a book would be very helpful to her since she often has trouble understanding explanations and model sentence translations in English. Thank in advance. James Frasier Round Rock Independent School District French Teacher 300 Lake Creek Drive Round Rock High School Round Rock, Texas 78681 jfrasie@tenet.edu 1-512-255-2594 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 94 20:25:26 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: *These man and woman Does anybody know of any work which explains why such phrases are impossible? I myself tend to think that they point to the inadequacy of the phrase-structure alias constituent approach to syntax and to the superiority of a dependency approach, but what do I know. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 18:54:49 +1000 From: Nick Nicholas Subject: Relative Clause Accessibili Relative Clause Accessibility &Verb Derivatives In his _Typology and Universals_, William Croft quotes accessibility in relative clause formation, and promotion of oblique NPs to direct objects/ direct objects to subjects, as an example of a typological rule conspiracy with communicative (functional) motivation; he quotes Givon's research into Austronesian languages to support this. (_Promotion, accessibility, and case marking: towards understanding grammars_, _Working Papers in Language Universals_ 19:55-126, 1975). His conclusion was that "If a language allows relativization of subjects only, then it has subject-creating verbal derivatives. If a language allows relativization of subjects and direct objects only, then it has applicative [object- creating] verbal derivatives." Is anyone aware of any further Universals research which confirms or disconfirms Givon's thesis? I've come across a language where relative clause accessibility other than for S and DO is dubious, but which doesn't even have a passive, and am wondering whether this necessarily means anything. Admittedly, the language in question is Klingon, so it doesn't exactly threaten the validity of Givon's posited universal; I'm just wondering whether anyone's aware of any Terran ;) exceptions to this 'rule'. Nick Nicholas, Linguistics, University of Melbourne. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-68. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-69. Thu 20 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1069-4875. Lines: 141 Subject: 5.69 Sum: IE sound laws, Foreign accent syndrome Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 18:51:45 +0800 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Summary: IE sound laws 2) Date: 19 Jan 94 11:24 EST From: pchapin@nsf.gov Subject: Re: 5.44 Foreign accent syndrome -- Summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 18:51:45 +0800 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Summary: IE sound laws I recently (LINGUIST 5-34) posted a query seeking a book on Indo-European sound laws that i remembered seeing in the UIUC library. With many thanks to LINGUIST and to its subscribers, i managed to recover the book i was looking for, mentioned by an overwhelming number of respondents: Collinge, N. E. 1985. The Laws of Indo-European (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. Ser. 4: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, vol. 35). Amsterdam: Benjamins. Other books mentioned include: ---vol. 1 of the last ed. of Brugmann's Grundriss. ---Mayrhofer's Lautlehre, 'all but lost in vol. 1 of the Indogermanische Grammatik (C. Winter, 1986) ed. by Bammesberger, A., and Kurylowicz, J.' -- Miles Beckwith. ---Hudson-Williams, T. 1961. A Short Introduction to the Study of Comparative Grammar (Indo-European). Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ---Lehmann, W., ed. 1967. Reader in 19th-Century Historical Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Many thanks to all who responded: Sarah Anderson , Carlos Ruiz Anton , Miles Beckwith , Lars Borin , Wayles Browne , Jason Busset , Karen Chung , Tom Cornell , David Denison , Scott C. DeLancey , Sheila Embleton , S. J. Hannahs , Jill Hart , Iren Hegedus , Stephen Helmreich , Stephen Zhenqun Hsu , Alan Huffman , Brian D. Joseph , Anita Judzis , John Kaufmann , John Kingston , William Labov , John Limber , Kenjiro Matsuda , Anna Morpurgo Davies , Joachim Mugdan , Barbara Need , Paul Peranteau <70461.1236@compuserve.com>, Marc Picard , Evan S. Smith , Rex Sprouse , Herb Stahlke <00hfstahlke@leo.bsuvc.bso.edu>, Max Wheeler . ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele 217-344-8240 712 West Washington Ave. fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Urbana, IL 61801 *** O syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum! *** **** Nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis! **** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 19 Jan 94 11:24 EST From: pchapin@nsf.gov Subject: Re: 5.44 Foreign accent syndrome -- Summary Here is a summary of the very interesting and informative responses I received to my query about Foreign Accent Syndrome, stimulated by a recent item in Parade magazine (the Sunday supplement). FAS is a mild, transient phonological disruption of speech resulting from brain trauma, which hearers perceive as a foreign accent. About half a dozen cases are described in the clinical literature. The syndrome is actually considerably more frequent than that, but is seldom studied, because (a) it is transient, and (b) the patient usually has other, more severe problems. Respondents variously reported the specific characteristics of FAS as linguistically inappropriate or aberrant - deaspiration - final devoicing - F0 - epenthetic vowels - failure to flap prestressed alveolar stops - (Japanese) disposition and inversion of pitch accents, appearance of unnecessary stress accents Steve Anderson, who gave the most detailed reply, is currently engaged in research on FAS, in collaboration with Dana Boatman. They hypothesize that FAS actually constitutes an impairment to language- particular micro-prosody -- low level rhythm and timing, sub-syllabic and sub-segmental dynamics of speech. They regard it as distinct from dysarthria. They have noticed some similar effects from cortical stimulation (in patients being prepped for neurosurgery for epilepsy). The most complete citations I received were the following: Blumstein, Sheila, in _Brain and Language_ 31:215-244, 1987 Blumstein, Sheila, "Phonological Deficits in Aphasia: Theoretical Perspectives", Chapter 2 of Caramazza (ed.), 1990 Ingram, John C. L., "Phonetic analysis of a case of foreign accent syndrome", _Journal of Phonetics_ 20:4, October 1992 Takayama et al, "A case of foreign accent syndrome without aphasia caused by a lesion of the left precentral gyrus", _Neurology_ 43:1361-1363, 1993 Finally, I learned the need for caution in references to Parade magazine, to distinguish it from a British publication of the same name which is a counterpart to Hustler or Penthouse. Thanks for your responses go to Karen Watson-Gegeo, Benjamin Munson, Harry Whitaker, Mary Jack, Ian MacKay, Bill Turkel, Paul Kershaw, Bob Ladd, Mark Aronoff, Lyle Jenkins, Alan Harris, Steve Anderson, and Alison Taub. Paul Chapin -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-69. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-70. Thu 20 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 95 Subject: 5.70 Sum: Women and diminutives Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 14:15:41 +0100 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at (ursula.doleschal) Subject: Summary: Women and diminutives -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 14:15:41 +0100 From: ursula.doleschal@wu-wien.ac.at (ursula.doleschal) Subject: Summary: Women and diminutives Some two months ago I posted a query regarding the correlation between the use of diminutives by and in address to women. I firstly want to apologize for delaying the summary, and secondly thank the following people for sending me an answer: Petra Steiner , Stavros Macrakis , Daniel S. Jurafsky (jurafsky@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU), Salem Ghazali (GHAZALI@tnearn.bitnet), Leanne Hinton (hinton@violet.berkeley.edu), Cathy Ball (CBALL@guvax.bitnet), Robert Hoberman (rhoberman@sbccmail.bitnet). My hypothesis was that the obvious link (in morphology and semantics) between the feminine gender and diminution in many languages should have a correlate on the "performance level" such that women either use diminutives more often than men or are addressed more often by diminutives than men (or both).Therefore I wanted to find out if there were any empirical studies on this subject and sent out a query to the list, since I was unable to find any hints in the standard literature on women and language easily available to me at that time (mostly Pusch, Troemel-Ploetz, Cameron). Now, the "excessive use of diminutives by women" seems to be something like a myth of linguistics, easily observable by anyone. But there were few suggestions of concrete studies of this topic, especially contrasting it with men's speech. These are: Hinton, Leanne. 1992: Sex differences in address terminology in the 1990's, in: Locating Power: Proceedings of the second Berkeley women and language conference, ed. by Kira Hall, Mary Bucholtz, and Birch Moonwomon. Berkeley Women and Language Group, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA, vol1.: 263-71 (light prevalence of women using and being addressed by diminutives) Sutton, Laurel. 1992: Bitches and skankly hobags: the place of women in contemporary slang. ibid. Vol 2: 560-72 Brown, Roger & Marguerite Ford. 1961: Address in American English. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62: 375-85 Kramer, Cheris. 1975: Sex-related differences in address systems. Anthropological linguistics 17(5): 198-210 (The latter three were referred to as "other references of use to this issue", so maybe are not direct studies of the issue in question, sorry for not checking this) and an article in Language in Society 8 (a study of people buying train tickets in Amsterdam, which again I apologize for not getting hold of until now). I myself found in a recent study by Kitajgorodskaja & Rozanova on colloquial Russian (1993) that there was no difference to be observed in the frequency of use of diminutives between men and women on the whole, although there are differences caused by the sex-specificity of speech situations, such as interaction with children. I wonder if this bibliography is the whole story. Has nobody out there ever set out to study the frequency of diminutives used by and to women in contrast to men in a language with a rich diminutive system? Wouldn't somebody want to do that, at least in order to bring together sociolinguistics and grammatical theory, if it is not a question by itself interesting to sociolinguists (which I cannot judge being more concerned with "Systemlinguistik"). Thanks again to everybody for making the effort to answer, I did use these hints in my dissertation, they were all very useful. Ursula Doleschal Institut f. Slawische Sprachen Wirtschaftsuniv. Wien Augasse 9, 1090 Wien Tel.: ++43-1-31336 4115 Fax: ++43-1-31336 744 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-70. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-71. Thu 20 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 76 Subject: 5.71 Lingua franca on the Internet Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 1994 4:32:47 UTC+0100 From: Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Subject: A lingua franca on the Internet -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 1994 4:32:47 UTC+0100 From: Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Subject: A lingua franca on the Internet I've got three comments, if I may, to Harmut Haberland's well-organized message on the lingua franca on the Internet. In a previous message, I suggested that one issue to look at would be the role of linguistic behavior in the Internet on other people's behavior (Haberland summarizes this in his point 3). Clearly, the issue goes beyond the effect of Internet language on computer-literate elites -- the second part is, how and to what extent do these elites shape everybody's everyday's writing practices? We shouldn't overestimate this role until reality and history prove us otherwise. Haberland also introduces the distinction between "identification" and "communication" intentions in linguistic behavior. Pragmatically, both are interrelated, and we would pay little service to the analysis of communication by reducing this distinction to a deterministic dichotomy -- one between "socially determined choices." Loosely paraphrasing Haberland, participant constellations are also shaped through a current speaker's language practices, so that the use of a minor (or 'minorized') language in a given exchange may work as a participant-selection device. But, isnt't this self- and other-identification a part of the (ideological) content to be communicated? "Ideological hailing," perhaps? I speak thus, therefore I appear to be. Thirdly, I wonder if continuing to look at linguistic behavior in terms of "languages" (English, linguae francae, etc.) leads us as far as we could go. Symbolically and socially, what links the transnational community of computer-literate elites together is not the use of a given language per se, but the mastery of the authorized technological code(s) and the discursive protocols of distinction. These resources are, as others, unequally distributed and differentially available. Internally, though, we need an equilibrium: the belief that we "speak the same language". But, in practice, Internet, as any other forum, is also sustained on the game of persuasion and visibility. Within its linear territory, discussants discursively manage locally-bound hegemonic or subaltern positions. Which one "language" is used in this identity+communication story may be marginal, even epiphenomenal. I quite honestly don't feel I'm now writing in "English," not even in "bad English": I'm writing in "Computer." In Tzotzil, as John Haviland mentions (if I'm not misquoting, in "Con Buenos Chiles", Text, 1986), they refer to the fact of being literate as "to know paper." In LINGUIST we simply "know computer". Isn't that the lingua franca we use? Celso Alvarez-Caccamo Depto. de Linguistica Geral e Teoria da Literatura Universidade da Corunha, Galiza (Spain) lxalvarz@udc.es -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-71. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-72. Thu 20 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 134 Subject: 5.72 Jobs: Arabic instructor, NSF grants for instrumentation Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 13:28:01 -0600 (CST) From: Greg Iverson Subject: Faculty position 2) Date: 18 Jan 94 11:55 EST From: pchapin@nsf.gov Subject: New NSF grants for instrumentation -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 13:28:01 -0600 (CST) From: Greg Iverson Subject: Faculty position Faculty Position Opening Arabic Language. The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee is seeking an Arabic-language instructor to begin in the fall of 1994. This is a tenure-track position to be filled at the level of assistant professor either in the newly formed Department of Classics and Hebrew Studies or in the Department of Linguistics, depending on individual qualifications and other preferences. In addition to teaching introductory and intermediate Arabic, there will be opportunities to teach other courses, including advanced Arabic and English-language offerings in the candidate's general area of specialization. Applicants should have the Ph.D. by summer of 1994 and some language instruction experience. Native or near-native proficiency in modern standard Arabic and in English is required. Applications are encouraged from persons with training in any of the relevant disciplines, including general linguistics and Near Eastern languages & literature. Salary is competitive and UWM offers an excellent package of employee benefits. The successful applicant will also benefit from an association with the newly established Center for International Studies of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and Marquette University. This is a Title VI National Resource Center supported by the U.S. Department of Education. Candidates should submit a letter of application, curriculum vitae, three letters of recommendation, and one sample of research no later than March 1, 1994. Additional materials, including teaching evaluations and reviews of scholarly work, are also welcome. All applications will be acknowledged. AA/EOE. The names of those nominees and applicants who have not requested that their identities be withheld and the names of all finalists will be released upon request. Materials should be sent to: Prof. Martine Meyer, Chair Arabic Language Search Committee 668 Bolton Hall University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0413 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 18 Jan 94 11:55 EST From: pchapin@nsf.gov Subject: New NSF grants for instrumentation The National Science Foundation will be granting about $55 million during Fiscal Year 1994 for the acquisition and/or development of research instrumentation. "Instrumentation" includes individual instruments and also groups of machines directed towards a common research goal. The deadline for *receipt at NSF* of proposals for this competition is 5:00 PM on March 15, 1994. The Program Announcement for this competition is NSF 93-172, "Academic Research Infrastructure Program: Instrumentation Development and Acquisition Solicitation". The Program Announcment may be requested from NSF by an e-mail message sent to pubs@nsf.gov. Please identify the Program Announcement by number and title, and give your name and full mailing address. In past years researchers in language sciences and other areas of the social, behavioral, and cognitive sciences have seldom applied to competitions of this type, in part because some of the rules of the competition put them at a disadvantage. This year some special features have been added to enable and encourage researchers from these communities to apply. First, the minimum request amount for researchers in these areas has been reduced to $40,000 (in other areas it is $100,000). Second, there is a provision for separate application from researchers in these areas if their proposal is not selected as one of the two a single institution is allowed to submit. These separate applications should be sent directly to the appropriate NSF Program, such as Linguistics, if they are turned down for institutional submission (the March 15 deadline will still apply). Letters of intent or interest from potential applicants for instrumentation funding, even if you do not plan to apply in this year's competition, would be very useful in enabling our Directorate to gauge the need for funding of this type in the social, behavioral, and cognitive sciences. Such letters may be sent to me by e-mail to pchapin@nsf.gov, or regular mail to: Dr. Paul G. Chapin Linguistics Program, Room 995 National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, VA 22230 (please note the change of address, which was effective in October.) Inquiries about the instrumentation funding program may be addressed to the Academic Research Infrastructure Program, Room 1270, NSF, at the address above (e-mail: ari@nsf.gov), or to me. Paul Chapin, NSF -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-72. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-73. Fri 21 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 118 Subject: 5.73 Qs: Adjective morph., African English, Expert testimony, Quark Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 09:01:22 -0500 (EST) From: MARONOFF@Datalab2.sbs.sunysb.edu Subject: adjective morphology 2) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 17:52:28 +0200 (SAST) From: Rodrik Wade Subject: Request: references to African English/New Englishes 3) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 94 11:33:12 EST From: Larry Horn Subject: Expert testimony sought 4) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 10:56:44 -0600 (CST) From: ggale@VAX1.UMKC.EDU Subject: [Q] How to pronounce 'quark'-the particle? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 09:01:22 -0500 (EST) From: MARONOFF@Datalab2.sbs.sunysb.edu Subject: adjective morphology I am in search of languages in which adjectives are morphologically distinct from nouns or verbs. In most languages, adjectives are morphologically similar or identical to one of the other two categories. The languages I am familiar with in which adjectives have distinct morphology (e.g. Dravidian languages), have a very small class of adjectives and the morphological distinctiveness of the class lies largely in impoverishment. I am looking for cases where adjectives are fairly numerous and the morphology is more robust. Please address responses directly to me and I will summarize for the list. Mark Aronoff -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 17:52:28 +0200 (SAST) From: Rodrik Wade Subject: Request: references to African English/New Englishes I am working on an overview/description of South African Black English (SABE) and I would really appreciate references to articles/books dealing with varieties of African English or other New Englishes. Please send any references you may have to my e-mail address below. I will summarise. Thanks in advance. Rodrik Wade ================== wade@mtb.und.ac.za Dept. of Linguistics Univ. of Natal King George V Ave DURBAN 4001 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 94 11:33:12 EST From: Larry Horn Subject: Expert testimony sought For a legal matter, expert testimony is needed from someone with experience in determining--from grammatical, lexical, and semantic cues--whether two texts are likely to have been written by the same individual. The texts in question are not literary, but experience in literary/stylistic detection would presumably be relevant. The expert testimony would be delivered in New England later this spring, so responses from those based in New England would be most relevant. If you don't do this sort of thing yourself but know someone who does, that would be helpful as well. Please respond to me at the above address. --Larry Horn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 10:56:44 -0600 (CST) From: ggale@VAX1.UMKC.EDU Subject: [Q] How to pronounce 'quark'-the particle? In the December _Physics Today_, the Reference Frame column presents a delightful, not-entirely-facetious discussion of putative American English rules of pronounciation dealing with the word "quark", the family of charged particles thought to constitute nucleons. Does the word rhyme with "pork", or with "park"? Linguists, and the linguistically-inclined, would certainly enjoy the article. BTW, how WOULD "quark" be pronounced?? George Gale ggale@vax1.umkc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-73. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-74. Fri 21 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 98 Subject: 5.74 Qs: Textlinguistics, Language origins, German phonology, Tai Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 15:09:27 -0600 (CST) From: SWAECHTER@UTMEM1.UTMEM.EDU Subject: Textlinguistics 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 9:28 BST From: Alison Henry Subject: Language origins 3) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 16:00:51 -1000 (HST) From: Maryann Overstreet Subject: German phonology 4) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 94 15:26:30 EST From: David.Solnit@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: seeking Comparative Tai -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 15:09:27 -0600 (CST) From: SWAECHTER@UTMEM1.UTMEM.EDU Subject: Textlinguistics What are the latest published contributions to the field of textlinguistics (or, if you prefer, discourse analysis for written texts)? I'm trying to determine the current status of textlinguistics based on the previous 5-10 years of development in the field. Another way to approach the question might be simply--what are the "top" five books on textlinguistics currently in use? Thanks for your help. Oh, and current and pertinent journal articles would also be of great interest. Thanks. Steve Waechter swaechter@utmem1 (bitnet) swaechter@utmem1.utmem.edu (internet) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 9:28 BST From: Alison Henry Subject: Language origins A query on behalf of someone not on Linguist _ does anyone have a bibliography of recent work on language origins, or can anyone suggest recent references? Please send replies to me - I will pass them on, and forward a summary to Linguist Alison Henry -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 1994 16:00:51 -1000 (HST) From: Maryann Overstreet Subject: German phonology I am looking for a good current text on German phonology, and would appreciate any suggestions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 94 15:26:30 EST From: David.Solnit@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: seeking Comparative Tai I am looking to buy one or two copies of the following: A Handbook of Comparative Tai by Li Fang Kuei University of Hawaii Press, 1977 (Oceanic Linguistics special pub. 15) It is--unfortunately--out of print. Please let me know if you have a copy you are willing to part with, or if you've seen it at your local used-book store. Many thanks, David Solnit david.solnit@um.cc.umich.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-74. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-75. Fri 21 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 82 Subject: 5.75 Confs: Language in Ireland, 3rd Manchester postgraduates Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 94 9:52 BST From: Alison Henry Subject: Language in Ireland Conference 2) Date: 20 Jan 94 16:27:06 GMT From: MFUPGDB@fs1.art.man.ac.uk Subject: Third Manchester Postgraduates Linguistics Conference -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 94 9:52 BST From: Alison Henry Subject: Language in Ireland Conference International Conference on Language in Ireland 22-24 June 1994 Second announcement: abstract reminder The International Conference on Language in Ireland will be held at University of Ulster at Jordanstown. Keynote speakers include Ken Hale (MIT) Jim McCloskey (UCSC) and John Harris (UCL). Abstracts are invited for papers on any linguistic or related topic dealing with Irish, Hiberno-English and other languages in Ireland. ABSTRACT DEADLINE *POSTMARKED BY 1 FEBRUARY 1994* Please submit two anonymous copies and one camera-ready copy with name and affiliation to: International Conference on Language in Ireland Department of Communication University of Ulster at Jordanstown Newtownabbey BT37 0QB N Ireland email: fehn23@ujvax.ulster.ac.uk fax: +44 (0)232 362806 Abstracts may be submitted by fax or email but please follow with a camera-ready copy in the ordinary mail. The conference will be followed by a parasession on the generative linguistics of Irish. Further details of this are available from chiosain@ollamh.ucd.ie Alison Henry -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 20 Jan 94 16:27:06 GMT From: MFUPGDB@fs1.art.man.ac.uk Subject: Third Manchester Postgraduates Linguistics Conference The THIRD MANCHESTER POSTGRADUATES LINGUISTICS CONFERENCE will be held at the Faculty of Arts (Manchester University - Oxford Rd) on Saturday 12th March 1994 from 9am. Up to twenty papers - Well-known guest speaker - Lunch on the premises - Unexpensive meal at a curry-house in Rusholme at the end. For more information (registration forms, fees,..), contact Adam Ledgeway, Delia Bentley, Catherine Beardsell at: Dept of Linguistics, the University, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-75. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-76. Fri 21 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4876. Lines: 213 Subject: 5.76 Qs: Multiple parts of speech, *These man and woman Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 00:47:18 -0600 From: "Ronald Lee Stone" Subject: Multiple parts of speech - ALL 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:13:44 +1100 (EST) From: davidp@macadam.mpce.mq.edu.au (David Powers) Subject: Re: 5.68 Query: *These man and woman -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 00:47:18 -0600 From: "Ronald Lee Stone" Subject: Multiple parts of speech - ALL LINGUIST community, Can a word function dually as more than one part of speech at the same time? This issue arose during a class discussion in an introductory composition course that I teach: Rhet 1101: Writing to Inform and Persuade at the University of Minnesota. The class and I were discussing a sentence used in the description of an assignment. The sentence follows: <> We examined this sentence while considering the use of a computer-grammar check on a word-processed draft, when the Microsoft Word 5.1 grammar check caught the sentence in question as a potential non-sentence. The class and I discussed that it was indeed a sentence, one with a complex subject: *Organization, tone, style, grammar, and mechanics*. Then one student asked if the word ALL was not instead the subject. I said that it was not. Then he asked if I could tell him what part of speech it was. I told him and the entire class that the word ALL functioned as an adjective, modifying the subject. I explained that one way we could check this would be to remove the subject of the sentence to see if it still made sense. I said that "all factor into this ." is not a sentence. Other students agreed with this, and we went on with the rest of the class. As will sometimes happen, I began to think about the sentence in question after leaving the class. I began to have second thoughts about what I had told the class. Could not RAll factor into this.S be a sentence of its own in the proper context? It could. Then what I told the class was not absolutely correct even if it was correct within the context of the sentence we discussed. So then I tried further attempts to show that ALL was indeed a modifier in that sentence and not the subject. I tried substituting another modifier in place of ALL and it worked, the substitution made sense. (I used the modifier MORE OR LESS.) This eased my conscience a bit until today I realized that MORE OR LESS functions as an adverb modifying the verb FACTOR, rather than as an adjective modifying the subjects of the sentence. This alarmed me as it was more serious of a mistake to make in telling the class. I tried other adverbs like SOMEWHAT and they also seemed to indict me. I tried to substitute adjectives but could not think of any that would work. Is there some limitation in using substitution to explain the nature of a sentence? Then I looked up the word ALL in the dictionary and it gave listings as both an adjective (listed first) and an adverb, with additional listings as a noun and pronoun. Portions of the definition from WebsterUs New Universal Unabridged Dictionary 1983 included: @ all Q adj. 1. the whole number of, taken individually or together: used often with a collective noun; as, *all* sections should be indicated; *all* the Republicans favor the plan; *all* the company was uneasy. 3. Every one of: as, *all* men must eat. @ all Q adv. 1. wholly; completely; entirely; in the highest degree; very; as, it is *all ready*; he is *all* for amusement; *all* too dear. @ all Q n. 1. a whole: a totality. @ all Q pron. 1. [*construed as pl.*] every one; as, *all* must die. After reading these definitions, I can see that ALL does function as an adjective in the sentence, although I haven't been able to think of a substitute adjective to test this. Yet it still appears that ALL also functions as an adverb, if we examine the sentence in terms of *how* the subjects factor. Does this word ALL function as both an adjective and an adverb here (and at the same time)? And if so how is one function stronger or more primary than the other? It seems to me that it can operate dually, and that the sense of the word does not change conspicuously in operating as either an adjective or an adverb, the way that other words will change in sense depending on the way they are used in a sentence. I also checked one of my grammar handbooks, the Little Brown Handbook, which cautions against using squinting modifiers, those words that may refer to either a preceding or a following word. It states that "A modifier can modify only *one* grammatical element in a sentence. It cannot serve two elements at once." Is the sentence in question a special case? It does not seem to be ambiguous. Does ALL function dually here or just singly depending on one's focus? If focus is significant, I think that because the subject of the sentence in question is more important than the verb in explaining the nature of the assignment to the class, I can be comfortable in telling the students that ALL functions as an adjective here. I'm not sure how much of this I would bring back to the class to explain further though. Yet I would be interested in comments on this matter. Until later, Ron ________________________________________________________________ Ronald L. Stone : ston0030@gold.tc.umn.edu : (612) 644-9706 graduate student : Scientific & Technical Communication Department of Rhetoric : University of Minnesota, St. Paul -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:13:44 +1100 (EST) From: davidp@macadam.mpce.mq.edu.au (David Powers) Subject: Re: 5.68 Query: *These man and woman This is interesting, something I have noted in many European languages. I'm not just interested in why this is prohibited, but whether there are languages in which a specifier can be applied to a conjunction in which the inflections are not correct for the conjuncts both as a composite and severally. In English also: 0e. * A man and woman 1e. ? The man and woman This is more obvious in more heavily inflected languages, compare German 2e. The man and the woman 2g. Der Mann und die Frau 3e. Dear Mr and Mrs X 3g. Lieber Herr X, Liebe Frau X There would be a tendency to retain the duplicates in German even when forms are identical, and gender not significant, but not always. 4e. The men and women 4g. * Die Maenner und Frauen 5e. The men and the women [all] 5g. Die Maenner und die Frauen I see a subtle contrast between 4e and 5e, in relation to the (resp. greater and lesser) degree of expectation that they would act together. Also, I think I've heard both 6g and 7g. 6e. ? My Honoured ladies and gentlemen 6g. Meine sehr geehrte Damen und Herren 7e. * Honoured ladies and honoured gentlemen 7g. Sehr geehrte Damen, Sehr geehrte Herren My explanation would be that features which can result in different forms in a slot prohibit anything in that spot governing a(n unspecified) compound, combined with a tendency for this requirement to spread, or harden, so as to affect even feature combinations which cannot exhibit different surface forms, as in 7g. As I hint below, there may also be other factors which contrive to keep the second specifier slot present. I find what I can and can't say of 0-2e extraordinary. I must, for example have at least all the articles in the following: "A man and a woman came into the store. {The man and the woman|They} walked (together) to the counter. The shopkeeper and his son came forward expectantly. The man and woman then left without saying a word." For 1e to reach the level of acceptability, for me, it is necessary that they first be linked together in a definite context (with two definite articles or a plural pronoun) and then be used in a context where pronoun anaphor would be impossible or ambiguous). In other words, for me, a plural phrase requires some sort of buildup in expectation that it is acting as a unit, before it will fuse. I would also like to note 8e. The shopkeeper and his son. and point out that the default expectation would be that there is a slot to be filled before the second noun, and suggest it is this expectation which needs to be overcome for fusing. dP -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-76. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-77. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 96 Subject: 5.77 Jobs: English-Mandarin, Hebrew, Greek, Theoretical Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 94 18:58:21 -0500 From: hiyan@cucuta.research.att.com (Hiyan Alshawi) Subject: postdoc in English-Mandarin translation 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 13:17:59 EST From: sun!"VAX1!KIRKPATRICK "@hmgate.hmco.com Subject: seeking freelance linguists, local to the Boston area 3) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 16:35:46 EST From: grosz@das.harvard.edu Subject: Opening at Harvard University -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 94 18:58:21 -0500 From: hiyan@cucuta.research.att.com (Hiyan Alshawi) Subject: postdoc in English-Mandarin translation I am seeking candidates for a postdoctoral position at Bell Laboratories to work on English-Mandarin translation. The work would be carried out as part of a project to develop an experimental spoken language translation system. The main responsibility would be the construction of a Mandarin lexicon and an English-Mandarin transfer lexicon in a probabilistic lexical grammar formalism being developed in the project. Suitable candidates should be fluent in Mandarin and will have recently completed, or are about to complete, a PhD in computational linguistics, linguistics, or speech processing. If you are interested in this position, please send an email reply to hiyan@research.att.com. Hiyan Alshawi -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 13:17:59 EST From: sun!"VAX1!KIRKPATRICK "@hmgate.hmco.com Subject: seeking freelance linguists, local to the Boston area The Software Division of Houghton Mifflin Co. is seeking temporary assistance in the development of electronic reference products. We require an individual with near-native fluency in Hebrew, and another with near-native fluency in Greek. We also require familiarity with MS-DOS. We expect the assignments to be temporary, part-time over the next several months. Please send your resume to: Houghton Mifflin Company Software Division 222 Berkeley Street, 11th Floor Boston, MA 02116 FAX (617) 351-1115, or call for further information (617) 351-3072 Houghton Mifflin Company is an equal opportunity employer. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 16:35:46 EST From: grosz@das.harvard.edu Subject: Opening at Harvard University The Department of Linguistics at Harvard University is reopening a search for a one-year lecturer (with the possibility of renewal), beginning July 1, 1994. The position is for a theoretical linguist with strong historical interests, or for a historical linguist with a strong theoretical background. Applications are due February 15, 1994, and should include 3 letters of recommendation. Send to Dean Christoph Wolff, Search Committee in Linguistics, University Hall 18, Cambridge, MA 02138. Harvard is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-77. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-78. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 226 Subject: 5.78 Calls: FLSM 5, ACL-94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 10:24:03 -0600 (CST) From: FLSM 5 Subject: FLSM 5 conference *updated message* 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 14:53:07 +0000 From: acp@edinburgh.ac.uk Subject: CFP: Computational Phonology Workshop at ACL-94 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 1994 10:24:03 -0600 (CST) From: FLSM 5 Subject: FLSM 5 conference *updated message* Reminder about the upcoming abstract deadline for the fifth Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America conference. The deadline for abstracts is January 31. Send them to: FLSM5 Committee Department of Linguistics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 S. Mathews Urbana, IL 61801 Inquiries to: flsm5@cogsci.uiuc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 14:53:07 +0000 From: acp@edinburgh.ac.uk Subject: CFP: Computational Phonology Workshop at ACL-94 SIGPHON WORKSHOP -- CALL FOR PAPERS 1st Meeting of the Association for Computational Phonology 1 July 1994 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA in conjunction with the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics 27-30 June 1994 PROGRAM COMMITTEE: Steven Bird (chair), John Coleman, Mark Ellison, Michael Gasser, Richard Sproat. SPONSORS: The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) and the European Network in Language and Speech (ELSNET) are the official sponsors of the workshop. TOPICS OF INTEREST: Papers are invited on substantial, original, and unpublished research on all aspects of computational phonology, including (but not limited to) finite-state, connectionist and logical techniques; formalisms, implementations and complexity results; computational, mathematical and psychological models; and the integration of phonology with grammar and speech. REQUIREMENTS: Papers should describe unique work; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work; and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results. As the proceedings will be published, a paper accepted for presentation at the Workshop cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings. Papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page. FORMAT FOR SUBMISSION: Authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers, not to exceed 3200 words (exclusive of references and formatting commands). Papers outside the specified length and formatting requirements are subject to rejection without review. Papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper title, a short (5 line) summary and a specification of the subject area. (Authors are not obliged to give their names and affiliations if they wish the reviewing to be `blind'.) SUBMISSION: Due to the tight time constraints, only electronic submissions will be accepted. These should be either self-contained LaTeX source or plain text. LaTeX submissions must use the ACL submission style (aclsub.sty) retrievable from the ACL LISTSERV server (access to which is described below) and should not refer to any external files or styles except for the standard styles for TeX 3.14 and LaTeX 2.09. A model submission modelsub.tex is also provided in the archive, as well as a bibliography style acl.bst. (Note however that the bibliography for a submission cannot be submitted as separate .bib file; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted LaTeX source file.) FTP submissions should be deposited in ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/phonology/submissions (Please note that this is not a readable directory.) Email submissions should be sent to Leeann Jackson-Eve (Please ensure no lines are longer than 80 characters, as some mailers insert linebreaks.) In addition, a plain text version of the identification page should be sent separately by electronic mail, using the following format: title: author: <name of first author> address: <address of first author> ... author: <name of last author> address: <address of last author> abstract: < abstract> content areas: <first area>, ..., <last area> word count: file name: <name of the file submitted by FTP> SCHEDULE: Authors must submit their papers by 1 March 1994. Late papers cannot be considered. Notification of receipt will be mailed to the first author soon after receipt. Authors will be notified of acceptance by 21 March 1994. Camera-ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format, preferably using a laser printer, must be received by 15 April 1994, along with a signed copyright release statement. The ACL LaTeX proceedings format is available through the ACL LISTSERV. ** IMPORTANT NOTE: If you intend to submit a paper, please notify Leeann Jackson-Eve <leeann@cogsci.ed.ac.uk> as soon as possible, giving author names and title (or subject area) of your paper. This will help us in arranging reviewers ahead of time and speed up the reviewing process. REGISTRATION: Registration fees are $US 20 for participants who register by 15 May 1994. Later registration will be more expensive. Registration includes a copy of the proceedings, along with lunch and refreshments on the day of the workshop. Acceptable forms of payment are US$ cheques payable to "ACL" or credit card (VISA/Mastercard) payment. Please submit the following form along with payment: name: institution: <for name tag> address: <postal address> email: payment: <specify cheque or credit card> credit card info: <name on card, card number, expiry date> dietary requirements: <vegetarian etc> Please send to: Leeann Jackson-Eve (SIGPHON Workshop) University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Science 2 Buccleuch Place Edinburgh EH8 9LW Scotland, U.K. Email: <leeann@cogsci.ed.ac.uk> Fax: +44 31 650 4587 ACL INFORMATION: For other information on the ACL conference which precedes the workshop and on the ACL more generally, please use the ACL LISTSERV, described below. ACL LISTSERV: LISTSERV is a facility to allow access to an electronic document archive by electronic mail. The ACL LISTSERV has been set up at Columbia University's Department of Computer Science. Requests from the archive should be sent as e-mail messages to listserv@cs.columbia.edu with an empty subject field and the message body containing the request command. The most useful requests are "help" for general help on using LISTSERV, "index acl-l" for the current contents of the ACL archive and "get acl-l <file>" to get a particular file named <file> from the archive. For example, to get an ACL membership form, a message with the following body should be sent: get acl-l membership-form.txt Answers to requests are returned by e-mail. Since the server may have many requests for different archives to process, requests are queued up and may take a while (say, overnight) to be fulfilled. The ACL archive can also be accessed by anonymous FTP. Here is an example of how to get the same file by FTP (user typein is underlined): $ ftp cs.columbia.edu ------------------- Name (cs.columbia.edu:pereira): anonymous --------- Password:pereira@research.att.com << not echoed ------------------------ ftp> cd acl-l -------- ftp> get membership-form.txt.Z ------------------------- ftp> quit ---- $ uncompress membership-form.txt.Z -------------------------------- -- SIGPHON Administrator. <acp@ed.ac.uk> University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive Science 2 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, Scotland, U.K. Telephone: (031) 650-4421/4432. Fax: (031) 650-4587. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-78. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-79. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 156 Subject: 5.79 Internal/External Evidence, Specifier Scope Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 09:08:04 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: External/internal evidence 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:13:44 +1100 (EST) From: davidp@macadam.mpce.mq.edu.au (David Powers) Subject: Re: 5.68 Query: *These man and woman 3) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 23:18:23 -0500 (EST) From: Paul T Kershaw <kershawp@student.msu.edu> Subject: These men and woman -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 94 09:08:04 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: External/internal evidence I appreciate Mark Aronoff's comments on my posting, but I do want to make it clear that I am NOT dismissing ALL secret language arguments. Rather, just as with internal data, I regard external data as variously compelling or not depending on the circumstances, specifically, on whether we can establish that a particular pattern is not learned idiosyncratically by speakers quite independently of the rest of the language. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:13:44 +1100 (EST) From: davidp@macadam.mpce.mq.edu.au (David Powers) Subject: Re: 5.68 Query: *These man and woman This is interesting, something I have noted in many European languages. I'm not just interested in why this is prohibited, but whether there are languages in which a specifier can be applied to a conjunction in which the inflections are not correct for the conjuncts both as a composite and severally. In English also: 0e. * A man and woman 1e. ? The man and woman This is more obvious in more heavily inflected languages, compare German 2e. The man and the woman 2g. Der Mann und die Frau 3e. Dear Mr and Mrs X 3g. Lieber Herr X, Liebe Frau X There would be a tendency to retain the duplicates in German even when forms are identical, and gender not significant, but not always. 4e. The men and women 4g. * Die Maenner und Frauen 5e. The men and the women [all] 5g. Die Maenner und die Frauen I see a subtle contrast between 4e and 5e, in relation to the (resp. greater and lesser) degree of expectation that they would act together. Also, I think I've heard both 6g and 7g. 6e. ? My Honoured ladies and gentlemen 6g. Meine sehr geehrte Damen und Herren 7e. * Honoured ladies and honoured gentlemen 7g. Sehr geehrte Damen, Sehr geehrte Herren My explanation would be that features which can result in different forms in a slot prohibit anything in that spot governing a(n unspecified) compound, combined with a tendency for this requirement to spread, or harden, so as to affect even feature combinations which cannot exhibit different surface forms, as in 7g. As I hint below, there may also be other factors which contrive to keep the second specifier slot present. I find what I can and can't say of 0-2e extraordinary. I must, for example have at least all the articles in the following: "A man and a woman came into the store. {The man and the woman|They} walked (together) to the counter. The shopkeeper and his son came forward expectantly. The man and woman then left without saying a word." For 1e to reach the level of acceptability, for me, it is necessary that they first be linked together in a definite context (with two definite articles or a plural pronoun) and then be used in a context where pronoun anaphor would be impossible or ambiguous). In other words, for me, a plural phrase requires some sort of buildup in expectation that it is acting as a unit, before it will fuse. I would also like to note 8e. The shopkeeper and his son. and point out that the default expectation would be that there is a slot to be filled before the second noun, and suggest it is this expectation which needs to be overcome for fusing. dP -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 23:18:23 -0500 (EST) From: Paul T Kershaw <kershawp@student.msu.edu> Subject: These men and woman A query has been placed asking about the ungrammaticality of: (1) *These man and woman Presumably, the query is based on the idea that, since "man and woman" is semantically plural (in that it refers to two individuals), "these" should be appropriate. Interestingly, (2) is more acceptable (as acceptable, to my ear, as (3)): (2) This man and woman (3) The man and woman (Consider (2), for instance, in the context of a wedding, where the phrase typically used is "this man and this woman": "If any among you here know why this man and this woman should not be wed...", but (2) seems acceptable in the same frame.) I have wondered myself (and to Janne Johannassen, whose recent dissertation was on Co-ordination phenomena) about data such as in (4): (4) a. ?John or I am happy. b. ?John or I is happy. c. *John or I are happy. d. You or we are happy. Although there are some obvious differences the problem in (1) and that in (4) (such that in the latter there is the issue of Case assignment to resolve), it seems to me that there might be some relation on the phonological level. That is, (4a) strikes me as better than (4b), albeit slightly, and I think part of this is because there is a string, "I am happy", which is an acceptable sentence. In (1), it is the dissonance of "these man" more than anything else which strikes me as off. (On the other hand, (4a) may be more acceptable for syntactic reasons of adjacency, a hypothesis which is also applicable to (1).) I'm not propgating a theory here, just suggesting some possibly relevant data. -- Paul Kershaw, Michigan State University, KershawP@Student.MSU.Edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-79. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-80. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 227 Subject: 5.80 FYI: Software, LSA, Celtic List, IPPE Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:34:04 CST From: Chris Culy <cculy@vaxa.weeg.uiowa.edu> Subject: RE: 5.66 FYI: Consortium for lexical research, Software 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 14:49:57 -0500 (EST) From: ZZLSA@gallua.gallaudet.edu Subject: LSA Secretariat: "The Freeze" 3) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 15:03:56 EST From: acarnie@MIT.EDU Subject: Celtic Linguistics list 4) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 94 20:10:04 +0900 From: phil-preprints-admin@cogsci.l.chiba-u.ac.jp Subject: Placing a paper on the IPPE -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:34:04 CST From: Chris Culy <cculy@vaxa.weeg.uiowa.edu> Subject: RE: 5.66 FYI: Consortium for lexical research, Software Several people have pointed out that I forgot to mention the archive site for Grammar and Trees, the parser and tree-drawing HyperCard stack. Sorry about that! It is at archive.umich.edu in /linguistics/software/mac/Grammar-and-Trees-10.hqx Chris Culy chris-culy@uiowa.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 14:49:57 -0500 (EST) From: ZZLSA@gallua.gallaudet.edu Subject: LSA Secretariat: "The Freeze" We regret any inconvenience caused you this past week when inclement weather and a power emergency prevented us from opening the office for several days. LSA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 15:03:56 EST From: acarnie@MIT.EDU Subject: Celtic Linguistics list Announcing a New (unmoderated) Email List: CELTLING A list for the discussion of the theoretical linguistics of the Modern Celtic Languages This new list is for the discussion of topics in the Syntax, Phonology, Morphology and Phonetics of the Modern Celtic Languages, and for the dissemination of information regarding new papers, conferences, and books on Celtic Linguistics. To subscribe or for more information please write to: acarnie@mit.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 94 20:10:04 +0900 From: phil-preprints-admin@cogsci.l.chiba-u.ac.jp Subject: Placing a paper on the IPPE ================================= Time to place a paper on the IPPE ================================= With the beginning of the new year and the new semester, the rate of submissions to the International Philosophical Preprint Exchange has climbed dramatically, suggesting that over the last few months many people have postponed submitting a paper until quieter times. This note, then, is a reminder to all these (conjectural) postponers. If you have a paper you'd like to place on the IPPE, please contact Carolyn Burke, cburke@nexus.yorku.ca, who will be pleased to assist you. For the impatient, I attach some notes on how to submit a paper without assistance. Richard Reiner, Coordinator International Philosophical Preprint Exchange ================= Call for Comments ================= The purpose of a preprint exchange is to provide the authors of working papers with access to a large number of their peers world-wide so that their pre-published work can nonetheless receive the benefits of criticism and commentary. Many of our submitters have indeed received interesting and useful comments, although so far these have all been addressed through private email. At this time, I would like to encourage you to get involved, either by sending a private comment on some a paper to its author(s) (their email addresses may be found in the first line of each abstract), or by submitting a comment or discussion of publishable quality for inclusion within the IPPE paper directory beside the corresponding preprint. If you would like to submit a comment, see the attached notes on how to submit a comment below. Please note that it is in order to receive feedback on their work that many of our submitters have placed preprints with the IPPE. Carolyn L Burke, International Philosophical Preprint Exchange =============================== Submitting a paper to the IPPE: =============================== You can submit papers by ftp or by mail. 1. by ftp: ftp to Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp, cd to pub/submissions, and put your paper there (full instructions on how to use ftp are available on the system in the file pub/info/preprints-manual). 2. by email: mail your paper to phil-preprints-admin@Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp. To make life easier for the coordinators of the service, please abide by the following guidelines when uploading papers. If you're uploading a comment, please see the section "Uploading comments" later in this file. ================ Uploading papers ================ If you're uploading a paper, please include at least the following: - a short file named e.g. frege.abs, containing an abstract of the paper in plain ASCII format. Please start your abstract as follows, with a few lines stating who you are, the title of the paper, and where you'd like us to store it. Jane Jones : University of Wisconsin : jones@foo.wisc.edu The Problem of Universals in Frege's Grundlagen preprints/Phil_of_Language < text of the abstract starts here > - if at all possible, a file named e.g. frege.txt containing the text of the paper in plain ASCII format. - the text of the paper in Postscript (in a file named e.g. frege.ps), SGML/TEI (frege.sgm), and/or in the form in which it was prepared (frege.wp, frege.tex, etc.). You may upload these files separately, or all together in a zip, zoo, tar.Z, or tar.gz file. ================== Uploading comments ================== Comments should be in plain ASCII if at all possible, and named e.g. frege.cmt. Please start your comment as follows, with a few lines stating who you are, what paper you're commenting on, and where the paper is stored, as follows: Harry Halden : Australian National U. : halden@bar.anu.au Comment on Jane Jones, The Problem of Universals in Frege's Grundlagen preprints/Phil_of_Language/Jane_Jones.Frege < text of the comment starts here > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you absolutely can't use ftp, you can also submit papers by email to the address displayed when you logged on. Please remember that you CANNOT email documents in formats like WordPerfect or Microsoft Word without uuencoding them first (please ask your local computing guru for help if you do not know what uuencoding is). As a last resort, you can mail us your paper on a diskette. Please format the paper as described above, and mail it to IPPE Dept. of Philosophy Ross S424 York University 4700 Keele St Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada ======================== Quick Access to the IPPE ======================== By ftp: "ftp Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp" or, "ftp mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu" By gopher: "gopher apa.oxy.edu" or, "gopher kasey.umkc.edu" By email: "mail phil-preprints-Service@Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp" Questions: "mail phil-preprints-Admin@Phil-Preprints.L.Chiba-U.ac.jp" To upload a paper or comment: see pub/submissions/README (Copyright remains with the author(s), unless otherwise indicated.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-80. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-81. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 44 Subject: 5.81 FYI: Books NO LONGER available for review Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 11:22 CST From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Books NO LONGER available for review! -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 11:22 CST From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Books NO LONGER available for review! The books listed last week as available for review -- by Baker, Komatsu and Harris, Gawronska, Renkema, and Givon -- have been claimed, and are no longer available. We'll look forward to the discussions of them, and I hope that those of you who also wanted to review the books willparticipate. There were so many requests that I can't reply to each one separately; if you haven't already been told that you were the first to ask, you weren't. No other books were posted as available for review. (Announcements of new books are not the same as lists of books that are available for review: publishers have to send us a copy in order for a book to be listed as available for review.) Thanks for everyone's interest. Barbara Johnstone Book review editor -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-81. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-82. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 182 Subject: 5.82 GLSA Catalogue, Bibliography, ALAA XIX Congress Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 16 Jan 1994 18:24:15 -0500 (EST) From: Zvi Gilbert <zgilbert@titan.ucs.umass.edu> Subject: New GLSA Catalogue Available 2) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 1994 17:02:33 -0600 (CST) From: Edith A Moravcsik <edith@convex.csd.uwm.edu> Subject: Bedtime Reading 3) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 1994 13:43:25 +1000 From: Gillian Wigglesworth <gillian_wigglesworth@muwayf.unimelb.edu.au> Subject: None -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 16 Jan 1994 18:24:15 -0500 (EST) From: Zvi Gilbert <zgilbert@titan.ucs.umass.edu> Subject: New GLSA Catalogue Available The updated version of the UMass GLSA catalogue is now available. Valid as of 93/12/15. Short version: on the Linguist Listserver. Long version: by anonymous ftp to linguistics.archive.umich.edu /linguistics/papers/available/GLSAPubList931215 Either version: email: glsa@linguist.umass.edu --Zvi for the glsa [Moderators' note: a more complete version of this posting is available on the server. To get the file, send a message to: listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (if you are on the Internet) OR listserv@tamvm1 (if you are on the Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get GLSA PUB linguist You will then receive the complete file.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 1994 17:02:33 -0600 (CST) From: Edith A Moravcsik <edith@convex.csd.uwm.edu> Subject: Bedtime Reading From: Edith Moravcsik, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (edith@convex.csd.uwm.edu) Earlier this past Fall, I posted a request for ideas regarding books that would make good "bed-time readings" for linguistics students; i.e. books about language that are both interesting and easy to read with little or no background in linguistics. I would like to sincerely thank each of the 57 people from all corners of this globe who contributed ideas. The large response provided an eloquent demonstration of the great benefits of e-mail in general and the LINGUIST net in particular! The people who responded were the following (if I left you out, please let me know): Elyse Abraham, Varol Akman, Celso Alvarez-Caccamo, Amy H. Anderson, Yoshi Asano, Denise Balason, Zev Bar- Lev, Dario Barrera, Kathy Bell, Barbara Birch, Paul Black, Kersti Borjars, Aaron Broadwell, John Coleman, Louise Cornelis, Tom Cravens, Brent Devos, Ricardo Diaz, Ursula Doleschal, Dave Eddington, Ron Fein, Connor Ferris, Ed Finegan, Nancy Frishberg, Peter Gebert, Inge Genee, David Gil, Randy Allen Harris, Martin Haspelmath, Jane Hill, Greg Iverson, Frances Karttunen, Istvan Kecskes, Paul Kershaw, John Kingston, Liesbeth Laport, Penny Lee, Judith Levi, Jonathan Ludwig, Jeffrey McKeough, Ken Miner, Erika Mitchell, Leslie Morgan, Karen Mullen, John O'Neil, Marc Picard, Ingo Plag, Massimo Poesio, Terry Potter, Forrest Richey, Andy Rogers, Paul Rowlett, Steven Schaufele, Brian Teaman, Theresa Tobin, Bill Turkel, and Graham Turner. The author-alphabetic listing below includes almost all items that have been recommended to me. I decided not to include foreign language textbooks since I felt they would not be appetizing enough for the weary undergrad about to turn in for the night... I also left out some items on which I was unable to find full bibliographic information. Some of you provided short content characterizations; I omitted those for purposes of the list. Library call numbers have also been omitted although ISBN numbers are provided in those few cases where they were available. The references given to me have in most - but not all - cases been re-checked and, if necessary, completed. I apologize for any remaining errors. Items of the list vary in degree of difficulty as well as in subject matter. I, for one, an planning to use it as a master list from which smaller, topic-specific listings may be derived addressing the particular level and interest of a given class or a given individual. [Moderators' note: a more complete version of this posting is available on the server. To get the file, send a message to: listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (if you are on the Internet) OR listserv@tamvm1 (if you are on the Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get BIBLIO TXT linguist You will then receive the complete file.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 1994 13:43:25 +1000 From: Gillian Wigglesworth <gillian_wigglesworth@muwayf.unimelb.edu.au> Subject: None Applied Linguistics Association of Australia XIX Annual Congress Thursday 14th to Sunday 17th July 1994 The University of Melbourne Creativity and Innovation in Applied Linguistics Keynote Speakers Frances Christie (The University of Melbourne) Claire Kramsch (University of California, Berkeley) Emanuel Schegloff (University of California, Los Angeles) Winnie Crombie (University of Waikato, New Zealand) The Applied Linguistics Association of Australia has pleasure in inviting you to participate in its nineteenth Annual Congress which is to be held from Thursday evening, 14th July, to Sunday afternoon, 17th July, 1994 at The University of Melbourne. The theme of the Congress is Creativity and Innovation in Applied Linguistics. Contributions which address a broad range of issues in Applied Linguistics are encouraged, in areas such as language education, analysis of discourse in institutional settings, second language acquisition, first language acquisition, language policy, language assessment, and computer-assisted language learning. Proposals for papers, workshops and poster sessions should be made using the enclosed Presenter's Proposal Form and the Description of Proposal Formats. The deadline for the receipt of proposals is 14th February, 1994. Please note, ALI '94, the second Australian Linguistic Institute, with courses and workshops in linguistics and applied linguistics, will be held from 4-14 July, 1994, at La Trobe University. For more information, contact: ALI Coordinator, Linguistics Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3083, tel: (03) 479 2338, fax: (03) 479 1520, E-mail LINALI@lure.latrobe.edu.au . [Moderators' note: a more complete version of this posting is available on the server. To get the file, send a message to: listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (if you are on the Internet) OR listserv@tamvm1 (if you are on the Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get ALAA CONF linguist You will then receive the complete file.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-82. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-83. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 159 Subject: 5.83 Book discussion: Goldsmith, The Last Phonological Rule Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 11:16 CST From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Book discussion: Goldsmith, The Last Phonological Rule -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 94 11:16 CST From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Book discussion: Goldsmith, The Last Phonological Rule [Below is another contribution to our Book Discussion Forum. We hope these contributions will be explicit enough that even those who haven't yet read the book will feel free to comment on the ideas involved. And the author(s) are cordially invited to join in.] John Goldsmith (ed.), "The Last Phonological Rule". University of Chicago Press: Chicago 1993. 240pp. Reviewed for LINGUIST by Alex Monaghan, Dublin City University Email: alex@compapp.dcu.ie The book consists of a lengthy introduction and 6 chapters with different authors: Goldsmith, Mohanan, Lakoff, Wheeler & Touretzky, Karttunen, Hyman. I'll deal with the various bits in rough order of appearance below. A few general things first. I was looking forward to reading this book, as I had been interested by Goldsmith's connectionist-style articles and expected this to be a properly worked-out and nicely-presented account of a connectionist theory of phonology. I was disappointed on both counts: the book is a collection of "working papers" on non-SPE-based accounts of phonological processes, and the actual editing and general presentation leaves much to be desired. Nevertheless, I learnt a lot from the various papers and I would recommend it to anyone interested in declarative or connectionist approaches to phonology. I am still not convinced by the claims of Goldsmith and friends, but my interest was certainly increased by reading "The Last Phonological Rule". In the introductory chapter, Goldsmith clearly states the tenets of his approach to phonology: SPE-style phonological rules are long overdue for the sort of revision which phonological representations have undergone in the last two decades (roughly, since Goldsmith's thesis); the basic concepts of rule-ordering and unattested derivations in phonology are unnecessary and cognitively implausible; and the obvious remedy is to take a connectionist view of phonology as, roughly, a multi-dimensional space ("state-space" in connectionist terms) where the progression from underlying forms to surface phenomena is a traversal of this space. In Chapter 2, Goldsmith fleshes out this approach by giving the fullest account to date of his theory of Harmonic Phonology. He proposes three levels of "phonological" representation: the morphonemic level (M), the phonemic level (W) and the phonetic level (P), together with intra-level and cross-level rules. These levels are crucially unordered, so that M is as close to W as it is to P, allowing M-P rules. The central thesis is stated thus (p.22): "all rules which apply at a particular level have the explicit function of moving a representation as far as possible toward meeting the phonotactics of that level". This approach seems to me to suffer from the same problems as beset connectionist approaches to syntax, i.e. that the mechanisms proposed do not bear much relation to our intuitions about how language works, and the combination of these simple mechanisms rapidly makes it difficult to tell how they are achieving their results, thus obscuring the nature of the very phenomena which they are intended to explain. The connectionist response to this might be expressed by a comparison between two analogies: SPE sees phonological rules as an abacus, where the various beads symbolise different segments/features/processes which can clearly be seen to move along their respective rods, and the linguist interprets the resulting configurations; harmonic phonology is more like a digital calculator, where the actual processes employed are much simpler and more limited, but the linguist doesn't see how the process is carried out --- we just push the buttons and wait for the answer to appear. Whether the calculator is applicable to phonology remains to be proven. There are, however, definite problems with Goldsmith's button-punching. Firstly, there are various stages at which a number must be specified which may vary infinitely (even within the conventional 0-1 range). The choice of this number is frequently arbitrary, amd there is a potentially infinite number of other choices which would produce the same behaviour. Developing rules, or deciding which is the best rule, therefore has serious practical problems. Secondly, it appears that only a very small range of numbers is actually required to model natural languages, but the approach allows for a much larger (infinite) range: surely this is a major theoretical problem --- why do languages not make use of the full range of possibilities? Thirdly, although Goldsmith states that his rules have the effect of pushing a representation towards an attested surface form it is not clear how they guarantee to push hard enough or far enough: moreover, in the computer implementation discussed at the end of the chapter they appear to fall back on devices such as intrinsic ordering and the Elsewhere condition. Mohanan's chapter is in many ways similar to Goldsmith's, although with different concerns and without an implementation. It addresses the problem of cross-linguistic regularities or tendencies in natural languages, and proposes that these can be represented as poles of attraction in state-space so that grammars tend to cluster around particular points/configurations (e.g. lots of coronal consonants, few voiceless nasals). The basic idea is that these attractors replace rules and constraints in phonology, and that some attractors are in UG whereas others are language-specific. This all seems very sensible until we come to the question of naturalness: Mohanan suggests that languages which come closest to these attractors are more natural than those with, say, a couple of voiced nasals. I find it bizarre to attribute such status to statistical tendencies amongst phonological systems: what if the world's languages happened to have more clicks than nasals, would this be evidence that the natural characteristics of human languages had been perverted by a prehistoric invasion of extraterrestrial insects, or simply that gunpowder was first discovered in the Kalahari?! Mohanan attempts to push much of this off onto phonetics at the end of the chapter, but I don't like it. The second half of chapter 3 gets vague and weird, and I don't have space to go into why. Nonetheless, the basic idea of attractors replacing SPE rules is an interesting one. Lakoff (chapter 4) is another overt connectionist, and proposes similar ideas ro Goldsmith. The thing which struck me here was the lack of any proof that the mechanisms proposed were actually substantively different from more conventional approaches, and in fact the implementation of Lakoff's approach discussed by Wheeler & Touretzky (chapter 5) appears to fall back on more conventional mechanisms. Karttunen (chapter 6) and Hyman (chapter 7) concentrate on the power of conventional phonological rules, but from rather different perspectives. Karttunen points out that SPE-style rewrite rules are actually only as powerful as FSTs, suggests that if phonology were done by Koskeniemi-style machines this would actually be more elegant and could be seen as avoiding rule ordering and intermediate derivations. Hyman looks at two problems of Bantu tonology to see whether there is any strong argument for or against rule ordering, and concludes that it depends on your definition of elegance: he also points out, interestingly, that nobody has argued against extrinsic rule ordering on grounds of lack of insights or generalisations, and that there is no reason to believe that phonology can't involve both sequential and simultaneous rule-application (although it would be nice if it didn't). In sum, there are a lot of interesting new ideas in this book, and some of them will doubtless influence phonology significantly. However, I wouldn't like to say which ones! It does seem to be the case that phonological rules are currently more powerful than they need to be, and that a simplification of phonological formalisms and devices would be a GOOD THING, but whether the PDP/connectionist approach constitutes such a simplification or whether it just adds to the mess is unclear. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-83. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-84. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 66 Subject: 5.84 The term "Macedonian" Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 1994 14:08:08 EST5EDT From: <AFLEISCH@facl.lan.mcgill.ca> Subject: Re: 4.1085 Obituary: Blazhe Koneski -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 1994 14:08:08 EST5EDT From: <AFLEISCH@facl.lan.mcgill.ca> Subject: Re: 4.1085 Obituary: Blazhe Koneski I would like to clarify some terms that were used in the obituary for Blazhe Koneski (sent to the list on December 21st). Blazhe Koneski, we were told, "was a leading linguist and poet in Skopje, Macedonia", and he "did the major work on standardizing the Macedonian .... language ...". Firstly, what Mr. Browne calls Macedonia is still officially called "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Maceconia" until a name is found that is acceptable for all neighbors of this new state. But let me say a few words on the so- called Macedonian language. Yugoslav "Macedonia" was formed in 1946, when the state of Yugoslavia was reorganized by Tito into a Federal People's Republic. The "Macedonian" dialect, which until then had only been considered a dialect of the Bulgarian language, was purged of all Bulgarian elements which were replaced with Serbo-Croatian words, and it became the official language of the region. No wonder this language has been called "a linguistic artifact" by an Italian linguist. This case of language policy par excellence is indicative of the efforts of this region to develop in its citizens a sense of identity, a "Macedonian" identity. Some historic and political reminders: The terms "Macedonia" and "Macedonians" are strictly geographical but are used by Skopje in a national sense. There is no doubt that the ancient Macedonians were a Greek tribe, even if Skopje tries to throw doubts on this. After the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, the area occupied by ancient Macedonia was divided up, most of it becoming Greek territory, the rest going to Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia thus has the northern part of ancient Macedonia but tries to claim the name for itself. Moreover, expansionist tendencies are clearly evident, e.g. there are claims made that the whole of "Macedonia" has never been "liberated", and that only that part of it which is contolled by Skopje is free. I am well aware of the fact that this is a linguistic list, but I believe that every case of status language planning can only become transparent with a knowledge of the historical or sociopolitical context. Alkisti Fleischer -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-84. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-85. Sat 22 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 95 Subject: 5.85 Calls: reviewers of _Beyond Modularity_ Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 94 21:15:02 EST From: "Stevan Harnad" <harnad@Princeton.EDU> Subject: Beyond Modularity: BBS Call for Book Reviewers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 94 21:15:02 EST From: "Stevan Harnad" <harnad@Princeton.EDU> Subject: Beyond Modularity: BBS Call for Book Reviewers Below is the abstract of a book that will be accorded multiple book review in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal that provides Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. Reviewers must be current BBS Associates or nominated by a current BBS Associate. To be considered as a reviewer for this book, to suggest other appropriate reviewers, or for information about how to become a BBS Associate, please send email to: harnad@clarity.princeton.edu or harnad@pucc.bitnet or write to: BBS, 20 Nassau Street, #240, Princeton NJ 08542 [tel: 609-921-7771] To help us put together a balanced list of reviewers, please give some indication of the aspects of the topic on which you would bring your areas of expertise to bear if you are selected as a reviewer. Please also indicate whether you already have a copy of the book or will need one if you are selected. The author's article-length precis of the book is available for inspection by anonymous ftp according to the instructions that follow after the abstract. ____________________________________________________________________ BBS Multiple Book Review of: BEYOND MODULARITY: A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ON COGNITIVE SCIENCE Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1992 (234 pp.) Annette Karmiloff-Smith Cognitive Development Unit, Medical Research Council, 4 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BT, U.K. Electronic Mail: annette@cdu.ucl.ac.uk KEYWORDS: cognitive development, connectionism, constructivism, developmental stages, Fodor, modularity, nativism, Piaget, representational redescription, species differences. ABSTRACT: Beyond Modularity attempts a synthesis of Fodor's anti-constructivist nativism and Piaget's anti-nativist constructivism. Contra Fodor, I argue that: (1) the study of cognitive development is essential to cognitive science, (2) the module/central processing dichotomy is too rigid, and (3) the mind does not begin with prespecified modules, but that development involves a gradual process of modularization. Contra Piaget, I argue that: (1) development rarely involves stage-like domain-general change, and (2) domain-specific predispositions give development a small but significant kickstart by focusing the infant's attention on proprietary inputs. Development does not stop at efficient learning. A fundamental aspect of human development ("Representational Redescription") is the hypothesized process by which information that is IN a cognitive system becomes progressively explicit knowledge TO that system. Development thus involves two complementary processes of progressive modularization and rendering explicit. Empirical findings on the child as linguist, physicist, mathematician, psychologist and notator are discussed in support of the theoretical framework. Each chapter concentrates first on the initial state of the infant mind/brain and on subsequent domain-specific learning in infancy and early childhood. They then go on to explore data on older children's problem solving and theory building, with particular focus on evolving cognitive flexibility. Throughout the book there is an emphasis on the status of representations underlying different capacities and on the multiple levels at which knowledge is stored and accessible. Finally, consideration is given to the need for more formal developmental models, and the Representational Redescription framework is compared with connectionist simulations of development. The concluding sections consider what is special about human cognition and offer some speculations about the status of representations underlying the structure of behavior in other species. -------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-85. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-86. Tue 25 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 105 Subject: 5.86 Qs: Russian corpora, Mandan, Latex macros, Preverbs Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@emunix.emich.edu> REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 18:57:33 GMT From: Mr Dunstan P Brown <lis1db@surrey.ac.uk> Subject: query:Russian corpora 2) Date: Sat, 22 Jan 1994 13:04:12 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD <PICARD@Vax2.Concordia.CA> Subject: Mandan article 3) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 1994 14:04:32 -0500 From: Judith Klavans <klavans@cs.columbia.edu> Subject: Latex Macros for Garland Press 4) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 09:19:14 +22300129 (EST) From: "Joseph F. Eska" <eska@vtaix.cc.vt.edu> Subject: Storage of preverbs -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 94 18:57:33 GMT From: Mr Dunstan P Brown <lis1db@surrey.ac.uk> Subject: query:Russian corpora I am interested in obtaining machine-readable corpora of Russian and would be grateful for any information on how to obtain them. Additional information as regards availability, text type and sample size would also be useful. I will, of course, post a summary for the list. -- Dunstan Brown Linguistic & International Studies University of Surrey Guildford GU2 5XH England Email: lis1db@surrey.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 22 Jan 1994 13:04:12 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD <PICARD@Vax2.Concordia.CA> Subject: Mandan article I'm trying to track down an article by Matthews (no intials or first name, unfortunately) on Mandan, a Siouan language. Does anybody know where and when it was published? Marc Picard -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 1994 14:04:32 -0500 From: Judith Klavans <klavans@cs.columbia.edu> Subject: Latex Macros for Garland Press Does anyone have macros for Latex to fulfill the typesetting requirements of the Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics Series? Heresay has it that someone at CSLI has written some, but I cannot locate him/her/them. Judith L. Klavans klavans@cs.columbia.edu Tel: 212-939-7120 Fax: 914-478-1802 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 09:19:14 +22300129 (EST) From: "Joseph F. Eska" <eska@vtaix.cc.vt.edu> Subject: Storage of preverbs I am interested in locating references which discuss the storage of preverbs in the lexicon, i.e., whether or not they are stored as discrete entities separately from the verbal stem. Any assistance will be greatly appreciated. Joseph F. Eska eska@vtaix.cc.vt.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-86. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-87. Wed 26 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 144 Subject: 5.87 Calls: Formal Approaches to Japanese Linguistics, ROCLING VII Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 22 Jan 94 14:14:47 EST From: mkoizumi@MIT.EDU Subject: Formal Approaches to Japanese Linguistics at MIT 2) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 10:02:35 +0800 From: onghiok@ling.nthu.edu.tw (Sam Wang) Subject: ROCLING VII Call for papers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 22 Jan 94 14:14:47 EST From: mkoizumi@MIT.EDU Subject: Formal Approaches to Japanese Linguistics at MIT The second announcement: abstract reminder * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * FORMAL APPROACES TO * * JAPANESE LINGUISTICS * * * * MIT * * May 13-15, 1994 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Invited Speakers: Richared Kayne (CUNY) Mamoru Saito (Uconn) Natsuko Tsujimura (Indianna) The Department of Linguistics and Philosophy at MIT will host the conference, FORMAL APPROACHES TO JAPANESE LINGUISTICS, on May 13-15, 1994. Abstracts are invited for 30 minutes talks relating to any aspect of Japanese formal linguistics (syntax, phonology, morphology, semantics, psycholinguistics, pragmatics, etc.). Papers comparing Japanese with other languages are equally welcome. Send nine copies of the abstract with the title but without the name of the author, along with a camera-ready original with the author's name and affiliation centered under the tiltle of the paper, to: FAJL Program Committee c/o Masa Koizumi 20D-219, MIT Cambridge, MA 02139 USA E-mail: mkoizumi@athena.mit.edu (no submission by e-mail or fax, please) Abstracts may not exceed 2 pages. Leave at least 1.25 inch margin on all four sides. Use fonts no smaller than 12 pts. Also include a 3x5 card containing the following information: Title of paper Name of author Address / affiliation E-mail address Phone number DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS: FEBRUARY 4, 1994 Limited funds will be available to assist student presenters with travel expenses. Proceedings of the conference will be distributed by the MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 10:02:35 +0800 From: onghiok@ling.nthu.edu.tw (Sam Wang) Subject: ROCLING VII Call for papers CALL FOR PAPERS: The Seventh ROC Computational Linguistics Conference Sponsored by The ROC Computational Linguistics Society The Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University The Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University Tutorial Date: August 11, 1994 Conference Dates: August 12 - 13, 1994 Conference Venue: Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Building, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC Scope: Papers are invited on substantial, original, and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics, including, but not limited to, the following. .syntax .quantitative/qualitative linguistics .semantics .mathematical linguistics .phonetics .contrastive linguistics .phonology .large text corpora .parsing .hardware/software for NLP .generation .computational lexicons .morphology .electronic dictionaries .discourse .test databases and retrieval .terminology .machine translation .text processing .machine aids for translation .documentation .natural language interface .cognitive linguistics .dialogue systems .language understanding .multimedia systems .speech analysis/synthesis Paper Submission: Four copies of a preliminary version of a full paper (maximum 25 letter- or A4-sized pages, double spaced throughout) in English or Chinese should be sent to the following address. The first page of the submitted paper should bear the following information: the title of the paper, the name(s) of the author(s), affiliations, (email) addresses. All these items should be properly centered on top, with a short abstract of the paper following. Hsu Wang Institute of Linguistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu, 300, Taiwan email: onghiok@ling.nthu.edu.tw FAX: + 886 35 725994 Important Dates: Preliminary paper submission due: June 25, 1994 Notification of acceptance: July 10, 1994 H. Samuel Wang onghiok@ling.nthu.edu.tw National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-87. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-88. Wed 26 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4885. Lines: 126 Subject: 5.88 Jobs: Syntax, Greek and Hebrew, Faculty position--CUNY Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 15:41:37 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Syntax Position 2) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 09:32:11 EST From: sun!"VAX1!KIRKPATRICK "@hmgate.hmco.com Subject: Seeking freelance Greek- and Hebrew-language linguists 3) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 94 14:35:52 EST From: Jack Gantzer <GJOLG@CUNYVM.bitnet> Subject: Faculty Position--CUNY -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 15:41:37 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Syntax Position ****************************************************************************** The University of Texas at Arlington, Program in Linguistics, invites applications for a possible one-year replacement position as Visiting Assistant Professor of Linguistics beginning September 1994. The successful applicant would teach two graduate courses per semester. Fall semester the courses would be GB Syntax I and another determined by the expertise of the successful applicant. Spring semester the courses would be GB Syntax II and Structure of a non-Indo-European language (preferably a Native American Language). Finalists will be notified in mid-late April 1994. A letter of application, CV, and the names, addresses and phone numbers of three (3) recommendors should be sent to: Jerold A. Edmondson, Director Program in Linguistics, UTA Box 19559 Arlington, TX 76019-0559 The due date for all materials is April 1, 1994. UTA is an affirmative action employer. E-mail inquiries to jerry@ling.uta.edu ***************************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 09:32:11 EST From: sun!"VAX1!KIRKPATRICK "@hmgate.hmco.com Subject: Seeking freelance Greek- and Hebrew-language linguists The software division of Houghton Mifflin Company is seeking temporary assistance with the linguistic development of Greek- and Hebrew-language electronic products. We require an individual with near-native fluency in Greek, and another with near-native fluency in Hebrew. We require knowledge of linguistics, familiarity with MS-DOS, and the availability to work in Boston over the next four to six months (starting January 1994). Please send your resume to: Houghton Mifflin Company Software Division 222 Berkeley Street, 11th Floor Boston, MA 02116 Attn: Mary Lou Kirkpatrick FAX 617 351-1115, or call for further information 617 351-3072. Houghton Mifflin Company is an equal opportunity employer. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 94 14:35:52 EST From: Jack Gantzer <GJOLG@CUNYVM.bitnet> Subject: Faculty Position--CUNY This is a copy of a job announcement I originally sent to the TESL-l sublist TESLjb-l. Respond to this by SNAIL MAIL to Dr. W. Koolsberben. In it, however, please mention that you saw this announcement on LINGUIST. Thanks. I have been asked to post the following faculty position to this list. As this position is not in my department, please do NOT respond to me concerning it. Rather, respond to Dr. W. Koolsbergen. Use snail-mail. But please mention that you saw the announcement on this list. FACULTY POSITION HUMANITIES--ASSISTANT PROFESSOR--ESL SPEECH Duties: Teach basic speech to non-native speakers of English. Qualifications: A Ph.D. in Linguistics, Applied Linguisitics or TESOL required. Salary: $29931-31,445, commensurate with qualifications and experience. Send letter and resume by FEBRUARY 15, 1994 to: Dr. William J. Koolsbergen Speech Communication Area Coordinator LaGuardia Community College, CUNY 31-10 Thomson Avenue Long Island City, NY 11101 EOE/AA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-88. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-89. Wed 26 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 85 Subject: 5.89 Lingua franca on the Internet Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 14:12-EST From: Marion.Kee@A.NL.CS.CMU.EDU Subject: Re: 5.71 Lingua franca on the Internet 2) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 17:05:19 -0500 (EST) From: "ROBERT D. LUBBERS" <LUBBERS@SERVAX.FIU.EDU> Subject: RE: 5.71 Lingua franca on the Internet -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 14:12-EST From: Marion.Kee@A.NL.CS.CMU.EDU Subject: Re: 5.71 Lingua franca on the Internet I do hope I'm not out of line in observing this, but it's begging to be commented upon. Celso Alvarez-Caccamo, in Linguist Issue #5.71, remarks: >I quite honestly don't feel I'm now writing in "English," not even >in "bad English": I'm writing in "Computer." While I believe I understand his point, to me the designator "Computer" refers to a specialized sublanguage of English, one in which I have been competent for nearly ten years. Given this overlap of terminology, this claim seems quite humorous when juxtaposed with the portion of his text immediately preceding it: >Within [the Internet's] linear territory, discussants discursively >manage locally-bound hegemonic or subaltern positions. . . . Certainly, nothing in "Computer" has prepared me to understand this! I have to switch to "Linguist", where I find that perhaps I require further competency in the sub-sublanguage "Sociolinguist". (I would agree, by the way, that it isn't "English".) :-) Marion Kee Internet: <kee@cs.cmu.edu> Center for Machine Translation Cargnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA USA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 17:05:19 -0500 (EST) From: "ROBERT D. LUBBERS" <LUBBERS@SERVAX.FIU.EDU> Subject: RE: 5.71 Lingua franca on the Internet Please. There is a non-ASCII character representation system called UNICODE which is a 16-bit representation system capable of displaying all of the characters in the major alphabets/syllabaries/ideogram systems of the world; i.e. Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic, Korean, Han Chinese (1/3 of the characters are Han ideograms) Devanagari (?) Amharic, and many others too num- erous to mention. There will be a major effort underway to support this new standard, but as of yet, only Windows NT seems to be taking it seriously, with Unix/X Windows in tow. 1) What effect do you all believe this would have on international communication by computer? If you use a non-Latin script, would you personally abandon an ASCII (i.e. Roman) representation/misrepresentation of a message in your native alphabet to send messages in your native script? Would this make it more likely for you to send messages in your native language, rather than in Englsh? 2) Does anybody know more about UNICODE? Any applications yet? Where is the documentation? Who is doing the standardization? Comments/flames/pointers to Robert Lubbers Florida International University BITNET lubbers@servax INTERNET lubbersr@solix.fiu.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-89. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-90. Wed 26 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 77 Subject: 5.90 Adverb all Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 22 Jan 94 16:51:37 +0000 From: RichardHudson50 <uclyrah@ucl.ac.uk> Subject: ALL -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 22 Jan 94 16:51:37 +0000 From: RichardHudson50 <uclyrah@ucl.ac.uk> Subject: ALL Ronald Stone asks about "all" following an NP. There are excellent reasons for thinking that (in his terms) it is an adverb - it can easily be separated from the NP by an auxiliary verb, and indeed this is the normal position (the coordination in his examples is irrelevant - you just need a plural NP): (1) The students have all gone home. (2) ?The students all have gone home. Furthermore, it can occur even without the NP: (3) Having all gone home, we went to bed. On the other hand, if the NP happens to be a personal pronoun, there are good reasons for thinking that "all" is part of the NP, some kind of modifier (adjective??): it can occur as indirect/first object, or as focus in a cleft sentence: (4) I gave them all a good mark. (5) It was them all that I invited. (Not so sure about example (5), but then "them" on its own is pretty bad as a clefted focus.) Compare: (6) *I gave the students all a good mark. (7) *It was the students all that I invited. But I also notice that "all" normally follows the auxiliary, like an adverb, if the subject is "they": (8) They have all gone home. This shows that when "all" follows "they" as subject in examples like (9), it could be taken equally well as either an adverb (depending on the verb), or as an `adjective', depending on "they": (9) They all went to bed. Which just goes to show that syntactic ambiguity is possible without any trace of semantic ambiguity. I don't think that's what the discussion was really meant to be about, but anyway the facts about "all" are rather fascinating, I think. Dick Hudson Dept of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT (071) 387 7050 ext 3152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-90. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-91. Wed 26 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 168 Subject: 5.91 Qs: Word analysis, Speech to text, Icons to lang, Brown corpus Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@emunix.emich.edu> REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 09:17:26 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott <mcelligotta@ul.ie> Subject: Word Analsyis Approach 2) Date: Tue, 25 JAN 94 15:03:59 GMT From: UHLE015@VAX.RHBNC.AC.UK 3) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 10:31:57 -0500 From: Mark Heinicke <mheinick@Glue.umd.edu> Subject: from icons to language 4) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 12:15:38 -0800 (PST) From: gerald_mcmenamin@csufresno.edu (Gerald McMenamin) Subject: Access to Brown Corpus -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 09:17:26 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott <mcelligotta@ul.ie> Subject: Word Analsyis Approach Hi, Has anybody come across a technique, algorithm or approach to achieving the following: Given a word in a language have a program to derive its root form and state its attributes. e.g. given tries return try, verb; try, noun and possibly other details. PC-KIMMO achieves this to a point but a more general approach would be nice, as I do not wish to duplicate parts of the lexicon to achieve this. Thanking you in advance, AMcE. __________________________________________________________________ Annette McElligott, CSIS Dept., University of Limerick, Ireland. Tel: +353 61 333644 ext. 5024; Fax: +353 61 330876 Email: mcelligo@itdsrv1.ul.ie or mcelligotta@ul.ie ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2) Date: Tue, 25 JAN 94 15:03:59 GMT From: UHLE015@VAX.RHBNC.AC.UK An academic friend is having increasing difficulties with his sight. I would be grateful for any details on usable speech-to-text systems. Noel Heather Lecturer in Arts Computing Dept.of English Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey UK e-mail: n.heather@rhbnc.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 10:31:57 -0500 From: Mark Heinicke <mheinick@Glue.umd.edu> Subject: from icons to language I'm not a linguist, but I have a project that may involve some linguistic assistance. I want to help a handicapped person to write. He has severe cerebral palsy such that he cannot speak more than a few words, and has minimal use of his hands. He can write with agonizing slowness, and type very slowly with lots of errors. He's also not really a "left- brain" thinker, so typewriting is cognitively difficult anyway. It is an all-day task for him to write a 100-word letter. However, he can operate a mouse/trackball (I'm trying to find some gadgets to make that easier; he can't lift the mouse, for example, which makes long moves difficult; the track ball presents other problems). So I'm thinking along the lines of an icon-driven parser/assembler (whatever the inverse of a parser is). Perhaps such software exists in the PC world? If not, what English grammar software is available? I'm looking for modifiable software, not hardwired stuff which I've already seen some of. He should be able to create his own icons. A sample problem for this software: Given: [icon for "self"; modified to possessive] [icon for "parents"] [icon for verb TO BE; modified to future] [icon for "home"] Produce the sentence: "My parents will be home." (Perhaps many words, particularly intransitive verbs, adjectives and adverbs, will not be icons, but simply words spelled out in cells that can be pointed to; also the modifiers such as tenses of verbs and possessives/objects of nouns if needed) Any ideas or suggestions along these lines would be welcome. Probably a lot would not be of interest on the list so please reply to me if you think your comments would be clutter: Mark Heinicke mheinick@Glue.umd.edu Dept. of Geography University of Maryland at College Park p.s. please let me know if this is an inappropriate use of this list. It seemed like a decent linguistic challenge to me. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 12:15:38 -0800 (PST) From: gerald_mcmenamin@csufresno.edu (Gerald McMenamin) Subject: Access to Brown Corpus This is a request for help directed to anyone who has access to the Brown Corpus of Edited American English. This is a very narrowly defined request. I am interested in searching the corpus or a concordance of it for a single word/phrase. I would appreciate it if anyone can help with access or can actually look up my item. My question is, what is the relative frequency of occurrence of the two-part verb "hear out", as in, "Please hear me out," including other forms of the verb (i.e., heard, hearing, etc.). Thanks for the help. Jerry McMenamin Dept. of Linguistics California State University, Fresno Fresno, CA 93740 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-91. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-92. Wed 26 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 124 Subject: 5.92 FYI: FL LIST, CELTLING, On-line German corpora Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 12:48 From: BLACKWELLSA@vms1.bham.ac.uk Subject: Expert Testimony - the Forensic Linguistics List 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 10:26:09 -0500 From: Andrew H Carnie <acarnie@MIT.EDU> Subject: Celtic Linguistics Mailing list 3) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 08:35:20 +0100 From: belica@ids-mannheim.de (Cyril Belica) Subject: On-line German Corpora available -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 12:48 From: BLACKWELLSA@vms1.bham.ac.uk Subject: Expert Testimony - the Forensic Linguistics List Larry Horn's request for expert evidence prompts me to post this. I send out a mailing over a year ago asking for responses from people interested in setting up a Forensic Linguistics List, but there will be new subscribers to Linguist who know nothing about it. FL-LIST is now up and running, and although small it is international and growing. People on it include linguists, lawyers, people concerned with court translating and interpreting and other with a general interest in language and the law. We circulate newspaper reports from our own countries describing linguistic evidence in court, and we discuss ideas and controversies about expert evidence involving language. Areas like courtroom discourse are also covered. To subscribe to FL-LIST, send a brief message to: FL-LIST-REQUEST@BHAM.AC.UK To post a message to the list, send it to: FL-LIST@BHAM.AC.UK There will be a new journal in the field appearing shortly - watch this space for further details. Sue Blackwell Birmingham University Forensic Linguistics Group -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 10:26:09 -0500 From: Andrew H Carnie <acarnie@MIT.EDU> Subject: Celtic Linguistics Mailing list Michael Everson School of Architecture, UCD; Richview, Clonskeagh; Dublin 14; E/ire Phone: +353 1 706-2745 Fax: +353 1 283-8908 Home: +353 1 478-2597 Announcing a New (unmoderated) Email List: CELTLING A list for the discussion of the theoretical linguistics of the Modern Celtic Languages This new list is for the discussion of topics in the Syntax, Phonology, Morphology and Phonetics of the Modern Celtic Languages, and for the dissemination of information regarding new papers, conferences, and books on Celtic Linguistics. To subscribe or for more information please write to: acarnie@mit.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 08:35:20 +0100 From: belica@ids-mannheim.de (Cyril Belica) Subject: On-line German Corpora available ******************************************************************** * On-line access to the 30 million collection of German corpora * * at the Institut fuer deutsche Sprache, Mannheim (IDS), Germany * * is now available for non-profit institutions. * * * * The collection contains lemmatized written and spoken German * * texts including literature, novelettes, scientific texts, * * dialogues, interviews, autobiographies, magazines and newspapers.* * * * To run the demo version (full text access, no file transfer, no * * user-specific environment, access time limited to 30 minutes per * * session) of the COSMAS retrieval software in Mannheim: * * * * $telnet IDSserver.IDS-Mannheim.DE * * login: cosmas-demo * * Password: * * * * The software runs e.g. on vt100(-emulated) terminals using the * * German version of the ISO-646 for keyboard and display coding. * * Further details (on permanent access, contact persons, ...) are * * given in the demo version. * * * * Cyril Belica (Belica@IDS-Mannheim.DE) * ******************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-92. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-93. Thu 27 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 140 Subject: 5.93 The Last Phonological Rule (author's response) Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 94 13:20:29 GMT-0500 From: gldsmth@bloomfield.uchicago.edu (John Goldsmith) Subject: Re: 5.83 Book discussion: Goldsmith, The Last Phonological Rule -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 94 13:20:29 GMT-0500 From: gldsmth@bloomfield.uchicago.edu (John Goldsmith) Subject: Re: 5.83 Book discussion: Goldsmith, The Last Phonological Rule [Moderator's note: Regarding the opening line below, we want to reiterate that, however unconventional it may be for an author to respond to a written review, we do encourage it on the net. In fact, the opportunity to "talk" to the author seems to us one of the potential advantages of book discussions on this medium--it lets all of us ask the author the kind of questions that friends woulask thif they ran into him or her in the halls. . . . Of course, we expect that the tone of our net "conversations" will be equally friendly--but that's never been a problem on LINGUIST. --Helen & Anthony] While it's pretty much unheard of for an author or editor to respond to a printed review, it seems to me that the interactive nature of the Internet invites this sort of thing, so I'm taking the opportunity to add some comments to Alex Monaghan's ("AM", hereafter) remarks about The Last Phonological Rule (University of Chicago Press, 1993). Speaking as the editor, I'd like to add the note that there was nothing in either the intent or in the process leading to the book that justifies calling these papers "working papers". They were reviewed anonymously by reviewers unknown to me (but selected by the editor at the University of Chicago Press), and reviewed both in their original form and in a revised form, as university presses will often require; they were, of course, edited by me as well. For the most part, they were papers which made sense appearing in a volume of this sort rather than in a journal. My paper is of that sort: its first half is written in a discursive style that is much more appropriate for a book than for a journal. Most of the other articles (though each for different reasons) fits better into a book than into a journal article. I think AM juxtaposes two things that shouldn't be: here -- =In Chapter 2, Goldsmith fleshes out this approach by giving the fullest =account to date of his theory of Harmonic Phonology. He proposes three =levels of "phonological" representation: the morphonemic level (M), the =phonemic level (W) and the phonetic level (P), together with intra-level =and cross-level rules. These levels are crucially unordered, so that M =is as close to W as it is to P, allowing M-P rules. The central thesis =is stated thus (p.22): "all rules which apply at a particular level have =the explicit function of moving a representation as far as possible =toward meeting the phonotactics of that level". =This approach seems to me to suffer from the same problems as beset =connectionist approaches, to syntax, i.e. that the mechanisms proposed do =not bear much relation to our intuitions about how language works, and =the combination of these simple mechanisms rapidly makes it difficult to =tell how they are achieving their results, thus obscuring the nature of =the very phenomena which they are intended to explain. Two things I'd like to point out. First, there's an implication that I, at least, read in this comment -- that the MWP harmonic phonology model that suggest here is connectionist. It isn't, as I'll explain in a moment. But then, for better or worse, I do turn around in the final section of thepaper and actually propose a connectionist model, complete with connection weights and equations. It's important to keep these two things apart. I _believe_ that there's a connection between the two models, for reasons that I go into in my paper, but the model of harmonic phonology that I discuss at greatest length isn't connectionist -- it's pretty much symbolic like SPE phonology, or most anything else that's come down the pike during the 1970s or 1980s. Second: I think AM's comment is meant to bear on the connectionist model, not the harmonic phonology model. And I'd like to explain briefly why I think that the connectionist model that I explore in the final section of the paper is not as vulnerable to the sort of meta- theoretical criticisms that have (rightly, it seems to me) been leveled against a lot of connectionist work on syntax. The connectionist-style model that I discuss is the model that I had looked at in a paper several years back on Indonesian stress and the cycle, and more recently in a paper on a typology of stress systems, to appear in a volume edited by Jennifer Cole and Charles Kisseberth from CSLI. I did a good deal more work on the model in collaboration with Gary Larson, whose dissertation (available from our department, by the way) discusses this material in depth; we have a book in the works for the University of Chicago Press entitled Cognitive Neurophonology. It seems to me there arefour basic points to this model: a. The effects of iterative rule application can profitably be viewed as the result of local distributed computational devices, rather than a central processing unit; b. The effects that have traditionally been attributed to ordered rules (these effects being precedence relationships between the generalizations embodied in symbolic phonological rules) can better be handled by allowing connections to be weighted, permitting some effects to drown others out; c. the categorical (i.e., the binary yes/no) effects familiar to us in traditional phonology can profitably be understood in many cases as being the result of threshold conditions placed on the output of continuous-valued computations (rather than discrete computations); d. Perhaps most important of all: by viewing a grammar as a point in a finite-dimensional space, the space of connection weights, it is possible to set up, and to use, a simple learning theory which actually assigns connection weights purely on the basis of the data fed into it. This is the Linguists' Stone, in a way -- the device we've said we've been looking for. I go into some detail in my chapter explaining what's going on here. And it is of some real importance, it seems to me, that for any given set of data that is input to the device, there is a substantial subregion of the space of grammars, any point in which may be "found" by the learning algorithm we establish. This suggests, in line with the suspicions of many linguists, that internal grammars may vary in greater or lesser ways, and still be determined in a straightforwardly mathematical way by the input data. I'd go on at greater length here, but there is, after all, a book recently published that discusses this point -- The Last Phonological Rule. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-93. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-94. Thu 27 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 74 Subject: 5.94 1994 Fund contributions Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 94 19:56:59 -0500 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: 1994 Contributions -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 23 Jan 94 19:56:59 -0500 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: 1994 Contributions Dear Subscribers, Thank you for your 1994 support of the LINGUIST Development Fund. We've already been receiving contributions-- without even having to post a message like this one. So we appreciate both the thoughtfulness and the generosity of the individuals and institutions listed below. For new subscribers, we'd like to explain that the LINGUIST Development Fund is a fellowship fund designed to support a graduate student at Texas A&M and/or Eastern Michigan U. who will work as an assistant editor of LINGUIST. To date, we have $6000, thanks to your generosity last year. But we'll probably be losing both Ron Reck and Brian Wallace, our current assistant editors, next year; so we'd like to offer 2 $4000 fellowships in September 1994. If you'd like to contribute to the fund, please send your check to: The EMU LINGUIST Development Fund c/o The Dept of English Language and Literature Eastern Michigan U. Ypsilanti, MI 48197 The fund is administered by the Graduate Dean at E. Michigan U. and is used only to support graduate student editors; the moderators derive no monetary benefit. Your contributions are tax-deductible; and we'll be happy to send you a written receipt upon request. Thank you again for your support of LINGUIST. -Helen & Anthony Helen Dry and Anthony Aristar Moderators, LINGUIST 1994 Contributors: E. Dean Detrich Stanley Dubinsky Karen Jensen (w/matching funds from MICROSOFT) Brian Joseph Vicki Fromkin Catherine Rudin THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICACO PRESS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-94. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-95. Thu 27 Jan 1995. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 105 Subject: 5.95 Qs: Gay men's speech, Uvulars, Tag statements Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@emunix.emich.edu> REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 14:26:27 +0000 (GMT) From: dbritain <dbritain@essex.ac.uk> Subject: Query: Gay men's conversation; Dundee English 2) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 10:26:55 +1100 From: nreid@metz.une.edu.au(Nick Reid) Subject: Uvulars 3) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 10:39 GMT From: James M Scobbie <SPSCOB@main.queen-margaret-college.ac.uk> Subject: tag statements -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 14:26:27 +0000 (GMT) From: dbritain <dbritain@essex.ac.uk> Subject: Query: Gay men's conversation; Dundee English I have two rather different queries. I have two students who are having difficulty in digging up research on two topics: One is researching the relationship (if there is one) between language and sexual orientation. She is particularly interested in any research done on gay men's conversation. The second is trying to find references to any academic research carried out on the English of the Scottish city of Dundee (and environs). If anyone has any useful references, please mail them to me direct. I will pass them on and post a summary in due course. Thanks, Dave Britain Language and Linguistics, Univ of Essex, Colchester, UK dbritain@essex.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 10:26:55 +1100 From: nreid@metz.une.edu.au(Nick Reid) Subject: Uvulars I'm looking for examples of words with uvular nasals [N] and voiced uvular stops [G] for an interactive phonetics program that I'm developing. I need the language name, a word containing the sound, and its meaning. I've checked a few suggested sources (Eskimo, Lak, Persian, Somali, etc) but found mostly voiceless uvular stops, or voiced uvular stops only as very minor allophones. For instance, in Japanese I often hear the 'velar nasal' in "boku ga .." as uvular. However I'd prefer examples where [N] and [G] are primary allophones. Can anyone help? Thanks Nicholas Reid -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 10:39 GMT From: James M Scobbie <SPSCOB@main.queen-margaret-college.ac.uk> Subject: tag statements Can anyone provide a reference for discussion of tag statements like: (1) He's coming next week so he is. (2) I dropped my tea so I did. (3) You've given me the wrong one so you have. (4) Sara is taller than Anne so she is. [co-reference to Sara] Unlike tag questions they are declarative they don't have an opposite polarity of positive/negative, and it doesn't seem so easy to use them after a negative clause. (5) You'll not be very happy about that then so you won't. After an imperative/request they I think they're impossible (6) Give me that, won't you? (7) *Give me that, so you will. Jim Scobbie -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-95. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-96. Thu 27 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 155 Subject: 5.96 Confs: TWLT7, Deixis colloquium, Interdisciplinary Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 11:45:34 +0100 From: andernac@cs.utwente.nl (Toine Andernach) Subject: Conf: The seventh Twente Workshop on Language Technology 2) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 94 09:17:53 EST From: Joachim Knuf <JKNUF@ukcc.uky.edu> Subject: Deixis colloquium proposal 3) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 12:20:25 -0500 (EST) From: "Richard G. Schwartz" <rgs@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu> Subject: -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 94 11:45:34 +0100 From: andernac@cs.utwente.nl (Toine Andernach) Subject: Conf: The seventh Twente Workshop on Language Technology TWLT7 (first announcement) On 16-17 June 1994, the seventh international Twente Workshop on Language Technology (TWLT7) will take place at the University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. This time the workshop will be devoted to "Computer Assisted Language Learning" (CALL). There will be several demonstrations. Proceedings will be available at the workshop. The workshop will be organized around the following themes: - CALL as application for NLP modules - CALL and speech generation - adaptive interfaces for CALL applications - AI techniques in CALL - evaluation of CALL - integration of CALL in a language learning curriculum - instruction technology in CALL - multimedia aspects in CALL TWLT7 is organized in cooperation with the PARLEVINK-project of the University of Twente by: Lisette Appelo Franciska de Jong Institute for Perception Research University of Twente email: appelo@prl.philips.nl email: fdejong@cs.utwente.nl For information, please contact the organizers, preferably by email, or otherwise via the workshop secretariat: University of Twente tel: +31 53 893680 Department of Computer Science fax: +31 53 315283 P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands More detailed information about the program will be available in March. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 94 09:17:53 EST From: Joachim Knuf <JKNUF@ukcc.uky.edu> Subject: Deixis colloquium proposal Dear colleagues: I am proposing to organize a two-day colloquium on deixis here at the University of Kentucky. This message is intended (yes-there is author intent!) to assess the degree of interest in such a colloquium. Research on deixis is certainly progressing (a quick trip via GOPHER to the Library of Congress produced 32 book titles!), and it may be time for researchers to sit down together and talk about their advances.It should also be possible to publish papers in a volume of colloquium proceedings. The University has several locations in which such a colloquium could be held. Hotels are plentiful in all price cetagories, and Lexington is an easy drive from most Midwestern and Southeastern universities. All major airlines service the airport. The colloquium could take place some time next winter, perhaps in November, giving us enough time for preparation. Please e-mail me directly (jknuf@ukcc.uky.edu) to express your interest. As soon as I have a suffient number of inquiries, I will notify the network of the progress of the project. Joachim Knuf, Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0042 (606) 257-7805 PLEASE CIRCULATE THIS ANNOUNCEMENT TO INTERESTED COLLEAGUES AND RELEVANT NETWORKS, NATIONALY AND INTERNATIONALLY !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 1994 12:20:25 -0500 (EST) From: "Richard G. Schwartz" <rgs@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu> Subject: PLease post the enclosed conference announcement Richard G. Schwartz Ph.D. Program in Speech and Hearing Sciences C.U.N.Y. Graduate School and University Center 33 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 phone: (212) 642-2352 fax: (212) 642-2379 Conference Announcement Linguistics, Cognitive Science, and Childhood Language Disorders April 20-24, 1994 City University of New York Graduate School and University Center 33 West 42 Street New York, NY 10036 Sponsored by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communicative Disorders, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and the Ph.D. Program in Speech and Hearing Sciences of the City University of New York. This interdisciplinary conference will bring together scientist from linguistics, developmental psycholinguistics, cognitive science, and speech-language pathology to discuss the implications of recent theoretical and empirical advances for childhood language disorders and the implications of such disorders for characterizations of language acquisition. Speakers will include: Frances Horowitz, Robert Fiengo, Stephen Anderson, Richard Schwartz, Mabel Rice, Laurence Leonard, Phil Connell, John Goldsmith, Alan Prince, Jane Grimshaw, Jeff Elman, Janet Fodor, Carol Stoel-Gammon, Katherine Nelson, Robin, Chapman, Lewis Shapiro, David Swinney, Lou Ann Gerken, Helen Cairns, Tom Roeper, Ken Wexler, Virginia Valian, Marc Fey, Elizabeth Bates. Travel grants are available for doctoral students and new Ph.D.'s. A portion of these funds are available only for members of under represented minority groups. For information regarding registration, accomodations, and travel grants contact: Richard G. Schwartz, Speech and Hearing Sciences, City University of New York, 33 West 42 Street, New York, NY 10036. Telephone: (212) 642-2352 (leave a message with your postal address). E-mail: rgs@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-96. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-97. Thu 27 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 464 Subject: 5.97 Sum: Transformations Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:03:33 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott <mcelligotta@ul.ie> Subject: summary on transformations -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 13:03:33 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott <mcelligotta@ul.ie> Subject: summary on transformations Thank you all for replying to my query. The following is a list of summaries received. From: robert westmoreland <rwestmor@silver.ucs.indiana.edu> Like many people, I find _The wall was sprayed with paint_ tends to imply that the much of the wall was covered with paint, wheras _John sprayed paint on the wall_ would be appropriate even if there was only a fleck of paint on the wall. --------------------------------------------------------------- From: Randy Allen Harris <raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca> You may get some very interesting responses to this, since it was an earth-shattering topic for several years, and I hope you'll either post a summary of the responses to the list or perhaps gather them in a file to send to interested spectators (of which I am one). For me, there is a difference. John sprayed paint on the wall just means that he sprayed some paint on the way (accidentally, malisciously, whatever). But The wall was sprayed with paint by John means that he was up to something specific. Early TG would probably also have derived (though I'm only aware of work on compound nouns, not compound verbs) John spray-painted the wall which means (to me) that he deliberately, systematically, painted the entire wall using a spray gun. ------------------------------------------------------ From: hagstrom@MIT.EDU There does indeed seem to be a semantic difference concerning the extent to which the wall was sprayed. In the first case ("John sprayed paint on the wall"), you don't get the feeling that the wall was necessarily fully painted, while in the second ("The wall was sprayed with paint by John"), you do. Another similar verb is "load" as in: a. Hay was loaded onto the truck. b. The truck was loaded with hay. In b., above, the truck's end state is full, while in a., there is no such implication. This is discussed briefly in Pesetsky's _Zero Syntax_ chapter 5, Another similar verb is "load" as in: a. Hay was loaded onto the truck. b. The truck was loaded with hay. In b., above, the truck's end state is full, while in a., there is no such implication. This is discussed briefly in Pesetsky's _Zero Syntax_ chapter 5, and he made reference to Levin, B. (1993), _English Verb Classes and Alternations_ (U of Chicago press) and Pinker, S. (1989), _Learnability and Cognition: the Aquisition of Argument Structure_ (MIT Press). As far as the status of transformations leaving semantics unaffected, I don't have any particular reference to point to (though I believe the hypothesis stating that this is the case was due to Katz and Postal 1964?), but it doesn't seem to be generally assumed to be true around here. Hopefully, someone else on LINGUIST will have a better reference for you to look at. One thing that somewhat addresses this issue is Lakoff (1968), "Instrumental Adverbs and the Concept of Deep Structure" in _Foundations of Language_, 4, 4-29. ------------------------------------------------------------- From: Stephen P Spackman <spackman@dfki.uni-sb.de> I'd say that your sentences have different *meanings*. It is an interesting fact that the word "semantics" has drifted to the point that - at least with some practitioners - there's no recognisable connection left with meaning at all! :-) ------------------------------------------------------------ From: BROADWELL GEORGE AARON <gb661@csc.albany.edu> I'm sure you'll get a lot of messages pointing this out, but the sentences you listed: (From memory) They sprayed paint on the wall. The wall was sprayed with paint. aren't related to each other by the passive. The second example is the passive of They sprayed the wall with paint. As for the relation between They sprayed paint on the wall They sprayed the wall with paint the general claim in that `the wall' is more affected when it is the direct object. There's a reasonably extensive literature about this alternation (often called the "spray/load" alternation). Beth Levin's book *English verb classes and alternations* might be a good place to look for references. (As for the idea that transformations don't change meaning, no one has believed this for a decade, so far as I know...) ----------------------------------------------------------- From: Larry Trask <larryt@cogs.susx.ac.uk> First, the passive you cite is not the passive of the active you cite. There are two active constructions: John sprayed paint on the wall. John sprayed the wall with paint. Your passive is the passive of the second of these; the first has its own passive: Paint was sprayed on the wall by John. The verbs that show this behaviour are called `spray/load' verbs. Your passive is the passive of the second of these; the first has its own passive: Paint was sprayed on the wall by John. The verbs that show this behaviour are called `spray/load' verbs. They were first discussed, as far as I know, in C. Fillmore (1968), `The case for case', E. Bach and R. T. Harms (eds), Universals in Linguistic Theory, New York: North-Holland, pp. 1-88. A more substantial discussion, including (if I remember correctly) some treatment of the semantic difference (if any) is B. Levin and M. Rapaport (1986), `The formation of adjectival passives', LI 17:623-661. As to whether there is a semantic difference, most speakers do feel a difference in at least some cases: John loaded the wagon with hay. John loaded hay onto the wagon. Most people, I think, are inclined to think that the first of these, but not the second, implies that the wagon was completely filled with hay, or at least is more likely to mean this. difference in at least some cases: John loaded the wagon with hay. John loaded hay onto the wagon. Most people, I think, are inclined to think that the first of these, but not the second, implies that the wagon was completely filled with hay, or at least is more likely to mean this. ----------------------------------------------------------- From: Richard Wojcik <rwojcik@grace.rt.cs.boeing.com> You have probably already received this comment from others, but in case you haven't: The passive of "John sprayed paint on the wall" is "Paint was sprayed on the wall by John." The active of "The wall was sprayed with paint by John" is "John sprayed the wall with paint." Stephen Anderson published a paper back in the 70's explaining the difference in meaning between "spray paint on the wall" and "spray the wall with paint". It said roughly that the direct object position receives a kind of "holistic" interpretation. If you say "spray the wall with paint", you imply that the entire wall was covered. If you say "spray paint on the wall", you imply that all of the paint ended up on the wall. --------------------------------------------------------- From: ggale@VAX1.UMKC.EDU The first sentence is totally unambiguous. The second sentence seems to have the possibility of ambiguity. [i.e., the paint is by John, the spraying isn't.] I find it natural to assume that John sprayed paint on the wall. indicates that a portion of the wall was covered whereas The wall was sprayed with paint by John. either suggests that the entire wall was sprayed or that the act of spraying was somehow remarkable. --------------------------------------------------------- From: LROSENWALD@LUCY.WELLESLEY.EDU For what it's worth, from a literary critic rather than a linguist - yes, I think there are "semantic" differences between the two utterances. 1) "on the wall," in the first sentence, seems likely to mean, "in places on the wall but not all over it" (the second possibility seems to me to require "John spray-painted the wall"); the second sentence seems to me to include the possibility of the wall's being painted in its entirety. 2) It's just barely possible, in the second sentence, to think of "of John" as classifying the sort of paint rather than indicating the agent of the action (as in, the room was decorated with furniture by Chippendale); it's obviously impossible to conjure up this possibility in the first sentence. ------------------------------------------------------ From: "John E. Koontz" <koontz@alpha.bldr.nist.gov> Yes, there are differences in meaning between: John sprayed paint on the wall. John sprayed the wall with paint. The paint was sprayed on the wall by John. The wall was sprayed with paint by John. Analogous differences occur with: John gave the book to Mary. John gave Mary the book. The book was given to Mary by John. Mary was given the book by John. The differences have to do with which NPs are salient, which NP is construed as wholely effected, etc. Recognition of this problem was one of the reasons for the near disappearence of transformations from Choskian theories of grammar, I believe. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Jeff Lansing <lansing@cogsci.UCSD.EDU> I'm sure you'll get a number of different answers to your question; my opinion is that these answers will depend on the assumptions which the respondees have made on the following issues: What is "meaning"? What is semantics? (or a "semantic", if there are such things?) What is the connection between meaning and semantics? Does "semantic difference" mean i) difference in reference? ii) difference in what is indicated? iii) difference in purpose or function? How does language connect to the world? What, if anything, is it that's out there that gets connected to? If it's facts, then what are they? Are facts themselves about objects? (If so, then your first sentence could be described as indicating a fact about John, while your "transformed" sentence could be described as indicating a fact about a wall.) ---------------------------------------------------------------- From: "Elizabeth A. Cain" <Elizabeth.A.Cain@Dartmouth.EDU> Position of words in the sentance do seem to lend meaning, as in this example of alternate NPs functioning as the subject. One might say that in the first sentance the emphasis was placed on the actor, John, while in the second the wall was of higher importance - thus the two sentances do have different meanings. --------------------------------------------------------- From: "Richard C. DeArmond" <richard_de_armond@sfu.ca> The two sente3nces are not transformationally related. The passive one comes from < John prayed the wall with paint. You are right; the two sentences you mentioned are not semantically equivaletnt. Fillmore first noticed this around 1967 in Case for Case, I think. ----------------------------------------------------------- From: coon@CVAX.IPFW.INDIANA.EDU There is a difference for me. J. sprayed paint on ... implies purposefulness, i.e. he was painting. The wall was ... does not imply the act of painting but implies s.t. more random. I am a native speaker of English, Midwestern USA, Chicago dialect area. ---------------------------------------------------------------- From: Steven Schaufele <fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu> I would say there's a *pragmatic* difference, in that the two sentences making the same claim but focussing on different entities. The passive sentence is definitely talking primarily about the wall. The active one is more neutral, though it may in certain contexts be used to talk specifically about John, or about the action of spraying paint. I don't think this constitutes a *semantic* difference. But there may be some difference of opinion as to what constitutes a semantic difference. ------------------------------------------------------ From: Beth Levin <beth@lex.ling.nwu.edu> Most of the literature on spray/load verbs has focused on the nature of the relation between the following pair: John sprayed paint on the wall John sprayed the wall with paint. The second sentence you cited, "The wall was sprayed with paint by John", would simply be viewed as being the passive version of the second sentence above. There is a large literature on such pairs of sentences, including several papers that argue for a difference in meaning between them. Due to this, a number of researchers have argued against a transformational analysis of these sentences. In work with Malka Rappaport Hovav, I have argued for attributing distinct meanings to the two variants, with the relationship between them being one that is stated in terms of their the lexical semantic representations. For a long list of references on this alternation, see the section on the locative alternation in my book "English Verb Classes and Alternations". Among the papers that explicitly discuss the meanings of such pairs see: Anderson, S.R. (1977) "Comments on the Paper by Wasow," in P. Culicover, A. Akmajian, and T. Wasow, eds., Formal Syntax, Academic Press, New York, 361-377. Jeffries, L. and P. Willis (1984) "A Return to the Spray Paint Issue," Journal of Pragmatics 8, 715-729. Rappaport, M. and B. Levin (1988) "What to Do with Theta-Roles", in W. Wilkins, ed., Syntax and Semantics 21: Thematic Relations, Academic Press, New York, NY, 7-36. Schwartz-Norman, L. (1976) "The Grammar of `Content' and `Container'", Journal of Linguistics 12, 279-287. ------------------------------------------------------------- From: guy <GMODICA@JPNNUCBA.BITNET> Well, there are four sentences to be considered in the discussion of "spray/load" verbs. Pat sprayed paint on the wall Pat sprayed the wall with paint The wall was sprayed with paint Paint was sprayed on the wall When WALL appears as the object (overt or underlying), most speakers agree that the wall is completely covered by the paint. The object in toto receives the action denoted in the verb. When PAINT is the object (ditto), the active and passive are interpreted as involving (necessarily) only a portion of the wall. (An interesting related question: would you say ALL the paint is sprayed?) The two sentences you mention SHOULD have different semantic values, because the underlying object is different in each sentence. But if you compare sentences with equivalent underlying objects, most informants should report semantic equivalence. I assume your interest is to test passivization for evidence of a semantic shift, but I don't think the examples make such a good test in this case. BY the way, I am assuming that passivization involves a transformation, and that the deep object of a passive becomes the subject in the surface string. More by the way, there are tests involving quantified noun phrases that do appear to support a semantic shift. No one kissed every blarney stone Every blarney stone was kissed by no one Whadaya think, does this active/passive pair maintain the same semantic value? I love to chat on the electronic highway; hope to hear from you. --------------------------------------------------- From: Penny Lee <edpl@cc.flinders.edu.au> Yes, there's a semantic difference, one which needs to be taught to learners of English as a second or further language for instance because it has considerable import in certain contexts, e.g. scientific writing. Ronald Langacker's Cognitive Grammar is probably a good place to start in thinking about what kind of semantic difference this is. Regards, Dr P. Lee, School of Education (SSS), Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001. Australia. Phone 08 201 2059. Fax 08 201 2634. --------------------------------------------------------- From: Larry Bouton <LARBOUT@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu> I was interested in your question because it seems to get tangled up in an enigma that I have never been able to resolve. If we focus only on pairs of sentences like those two, I don't think that you can answer the question you ask. The problem is that without other evidence, any argument would be circu- lar, it seems to me, for the following reasons: 1. You have assumed that the two sentences - *John sprayed paint on the wall* and *The wall was sprayed with paint by John* - were transformationally related. And the assumption is that if they are not synonymous, then transformations do not maintain meaning. 2. For me, the sentences are not synonymous. *The wall was sprayed with paint by John* can mean that John spray painted the whole wall, while *John sprayed paint on the wall* seems to mean that he sprayed some part of the wall with paint - perhaps with graffiti. Perhaps the second sentence can also mean that he sprayed paint on the whole wall, but I don't think that the first can mean that John prayed only part of the wall. Or, at the very least, the first meaning that comes to mind from the first (passive) sentence is the that the whole wall is painted and for the other, it is the graffiti (or whatever) meaning. And so the two sentences do not seem equivalent. And transformations do not seem to maintain meaning. 3. But that is only if these two sentences really are transformationally related. Unless there are some other solid arguments for linking the two that can be supported independent of the meaning maintenance consideration, we certainly cannot decide a such an important issue on the basis these examples. I know that Quirk, Greenbaum, etc., assume the sentences to be related, but I have never seen any comprehensive justification for that assumption. My hesitation to accept them as transformationally related is made stronger I think, by the fact that another active sentence, *John sprayed the wall with paint*, does seem to have the same meaning as the passive example you give. 4. From these comments, it seems that if we assume that your two examples are transformations, then transformations do not keep meaning constant. If, on the other hand, we assume that your passive is related to the second active (my example) by not yours, then perhaps transformations do keep meaning constant. As I said above, without strong justification for relating your two sentences transformationally, nothing can be decided here. In fact, wouldn't your active sentence be more closely related to *Paint was sprayed on the wall* - which IS ambiguous (or ambivalent) and can be followed by either *...wherever there were rust spots* or *...to cover all the grime and rust spots.* ------------------------------------------------------------- From: MONTAGUE@ollamh.ucd.ie This is not a simple problem. Really the main differenceis in the emphasis, the first emphasises John and the second the wall. The argument structure is the same, so I guess that this is in the realm of pragmatics rather than semantics. The meanings are subtly different. Well, maybe someone else will be able to help you out some more, since this is not exactly my field of study. ______________________________________ Annette McElligott, CSIS Dept., University of Limerick, Ireland. Tel: +353 61 333644 ext. 5024; Fax: +353 61 330876 Email: mcelligo@itdsrv1.ul.ie or mcelligotta@ul.ie ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-97. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-98. Fri 28 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 98 Subject: 5.98 Calls: 1994 Joint Conferencence: 8th ACLIC/2nd PacFoCoL Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@eumix.emich.edu> -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 18:51:00 +0900 From: ishikawa@hoffman.cc.sophia.ac.jp (Akira Ishikawa) Subject:1994 Joint Conferencence: 8th ACLIC/2nd PacFoCoL -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 18:51:00 +0900 From: ishikawa@hoffman.cc.sophia.ac.jp (Akira Ishikawa) Subject:1994 Joint Conferencence: 8th ACLIC/2nd PacFoCoL CALL FOR ABSTRACTS 1994 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE 8TH ASIAN CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE, INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION AND THE 2ND PACIFIC ASIA CONFERENCE ON FORMAL AND COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS The Logico-Linguistic Society of Japan is pleased to announce that the 1994 Joint Conference of the 8th ACLIC/the 2nd PacFoCoL is going to be held at Shiran Kaikan in Kyoto on August 10-11, 1994. This is the first effort to bring together the two conferences which have been specifically concerned with the development of milieus conducive to the exchange and mutual understanding of current research trends among the researchers working on theoretical and computational linguistics in this region. Topics of the conference include theoretical and computational studies in syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, discourse and dialogue analysis, corpus linguistics, and logic grammars. Around 20 papers will be presented at plenary sessions. The authors will have 30 minutes for presentation and quesion period. Abstracts should not exceed in length three A4 pages with one additional page for reference and/or data. 4 hard-copies of the abstract with the title, the author's name, affiliation, Mailing address, phone number and/or e-mail address on a separate page should be sent to by April 30, 1994: Dr Akira Ishikawa 1994 ACLIC/PacFoCoL Dept of English Language & Studies Sophia University 7 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, 102 Japan Tel: 81-3-3238-3917 Fax: 81-3-3238-3910 e-mail: ishikawa@hoffman.cc.sophia.ac.jp The notice of abstract acceptance will be mailed out by June 10,1994. For further information, please contact Akira Ishikawa ishikawa@hoffman.cc.sophia.ac.jp, or Masahito Kawamori kawamori@atom.ntt.co.jp. Programm Committee Chairperson: Akira Ikeya, Toyo Gakuen University Co-chairpersons: Byungsoo Park, Kyun Hee University Benjamin K T'sou, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong Organizing Committee Takao Gunji, Osaka University Yasunari Harada, Waseda University Koiti Hasida, Electrotechnical Laboratory Chu-Ren Huang, Academia Sinica Akira Ishikawa, Sophia University Masahito Kawamori, NTT Chungmin Lee, Seoul National University Kiyong Lee, Korea Universtiy Yuji Matsumoto, Nara Institute of Science and Technology K.P. Mohanan, National University of Singapore Yoshihiko Nitta, Advanced Research Laboratory Hitachi, Ltd. Keh-yi Su, Tsing Hua University Paul Horn Jyh Wu, National University of Singapore Yun-Mei Ying, Chengchi University Hongming Zhang, National Universtiy of Singapore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-98. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-99. Fri 28 Jan 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 125 Subject: 5.99 Qs: 2nd person pronouns, Redundant suffixation, Greek, Clitics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@emunix.emich.edu> REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 11:53:00 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: 2nd person pronouns 2) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 10:20:42 EST From: "George Fowler h(317)726-1482 o(812)855-2829" <GFOWLER@ucs.indiana.edu> Subject: Seeking examples of redundant suffixation 3) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 11:02:58 -0800 (PST) From: Chloe Mills <cmills@reed.edu> Subject: QUERY: machine readable Koine Greek 4) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 14:03:18 -0700 (MST) From: PELLIOTT@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: CLITICS -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 11:53:00 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: 2nd person pronouns I am interested in possible origins of 2nd person pronouns, esp. singular, but not necessarily. Specifically, I am looking for examples of such pronouns coming from (a) 3rd person or demonstrative forms and (b) from 1st person plural. I am, of course, aware of the many European examples of (a) such as German Sie and such and so I am looking for examples from other parts of the world (especially preagricultural societies). I am also aware of such usages under (b) as 'How are we today?', but I am really looking for examples where the 1st plural has really become the 2nd sg. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 10:20:42 EST From: "George Fowler h(317)726-1482 o(812)855-2829" <GFOWLER@ucs.indiana.edu> Subject: Seeking examples of redundant suffixation Can anybody suggest some good examples, preferably in English, of redundant suffixation which doesn't (measurably) affect meaning or change part of speech? A good example is ironic/ironical, in which, according to my Sprachgefuhl, the addition of -al is redundant. This is in contrast to such pairs as historic/ historical, where both adjectives exist with a distinction in meaning. I would like to find some more examples, if possible. In particular, can anybody suggest something like the following abstract example? It is well known that nouns in -ation correspond to verbs both with and without -ate, e.g., irrigate/irrigation or condense/condensation. But are there examples in which a verb like condense develops a variant verb like *condensate under the influence of the other pattern? I am not interested in back formations in which no primary verb exists, such as the jocular neologism "dissertate". This is the best idea I've had as to a place to look for this sort of process, but I'd be very interested if anybody has any other suggestions. If I get any interesting responses, I'll post a summary to the list. George Fowler Dept. of Slavic Languages Indiana University GFowler@Indiana.Edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 11:02:58 -0800 (PST) From: Chloe Mills <cmills@reed.edu> Subject: QUERY: machine readable Koine Greek Does anyone out there in linguist-land know of any ASCII New Testament Greek texts? I'm interested in historical changes in Greek negation and I currently have an ASCII homeric corpus. Thanks in advance, Chloe P. Mills cmills@reed.edu Reed College Box 919 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd. Portland, OR 97202 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 14:03:18 -0700 (MST) From: PELLIOTT@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: CLITICS In "The Semantic Structure of Spanish" by Larry D. King, there is a footnote on page 191 that suggests the author may be researching further the systematic semantics of clitics in Spanish. Might someone on the Linguist list know of works, either by Dr. King or others, dealing with the semantics of clitics in Spanish? I could summarize for the list all references that are received, for others interested in this area. Thank you. Phillip Elliott SLAT Program University of Arizona pelliott@ccit.arizona.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-99. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-100. Fri 28 Jan 11004. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 116 Subject: 5.100 Qs: Degree adverbs, Southwest Journal, MT, Fieldworkers Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. <aristar@tamuts.tamu.edu> Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. <hdry@emunix.emich.edu> Asst. Editors: Ron Reck <rreck@emunix.emich.edu> Brian Wallace <bwallace@emunix.emich.edu> REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 13:10:09 -0800 From: Luca Dini <dini@CSLI.Stanford.EDU> Subject: Degree Adverbs references 2) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 16:16:49 -0600 (CST) From: SWAECHTER@UTMEM1.UTMEM.EDU Subject: Southwest J of Linguistics 3) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 15:53 EST From: Aleksander Murzaku <0006353692@mcimail.com> Subject: Query 4) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 17:24:39 -0800 (PST) From: David Prager Branner <charmii@u.washington.edu> Subject: Chinese Dialectology Fieldworkers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 13:10:09 -0800 From: Luca Dini <dini@CSLI.Stanford.EDU> Subject: Degree Adverbs references For the purpose of a PhD Thesis I would like to collect references about degree words when used as VP modifiers. For instance: Otto much resents the new taxes --- The new dancers didn't impress us very much --------- The Lions didn't win much this year ---- He accomplishes so little these day -------- Gary swam a little while he was in Jamaica ------- I rather suspected that he was lying ----- (examples from Ernst(1984)) I am interested in both syntactic and semantic literature. Thanks, Luca Dini -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 16:16:49 -0600 (CST) From: SWAECHTER@UTMEM1.UTMEM.EDU Subject: Southwest J of Linguistics Where can I find the Southwest Journal of Linguistics? I live in Memphis, Tennessee, so I'd prefer somewhere close to home. However, I have not been able to locate it at any of the academic libraries here in Memphis; hence the question. I'm trying to track down this article in particular: Longacre, Robert E. "Verb ranking and the constituent structure of discourse." Southwest Journal of Linguistics 5 (1982): 177-202. Thanks for any and all help! Steve Waechter swaechter@utmem1 (bitnet) swaechter@utmem1.utmem.edu (internet) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 94 15:53 EST From: Aleksander Murzaku <0006353692@mcimail.com> Subject: Query Hello members of Linguist: I would appreciate every information regarding finished or under development products on machine translation especially on English-Spanish or vice versa. If I receive enough information and there is interest, I will send the result to the list. Thank you in advance, Aleksander Murzaku Microlytics, Inc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 1994 17:24:39 -0800 (PST) From: David Prager Branner <charmii@u.washington.edu> Subject: Chinese Dialectology Fieldworkers I am a dialectologist just returned from fieldwork in the Chinese countryside, and would like very much to hear from other fieldworkers active in Chinese languages. My principal area of research is the Miin and Hakka groups. Sincerely, David Prager Branner -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-100.