________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-201. Tue 22 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 248 Subject: 5.201 Qs: Chipewyan; Affect; Body language; Linguistics; Spanish Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 11 Feb 1994 09:24:57 +0100 (cedt) From: Steven Schaufele Subject: query on Chipewyan enclitic conjunction(s) -u 2) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 16:18:32 +0100 (MET) From: Elina Savino Subject: affect/emotion 3) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 94 11:39:16 EST From: John.M.Lawler@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: Query: Body Language 4) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 15:55:35 EST From: rstainto@ccs.carleton.ca () Subject: What Linguistics is About 5) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 17:19:32 -0500 (EST) From: MILA@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: Qu: Spanish Corpora -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 11 Feb 1994 09:24:57 +0100 (cedt) From: Steven Schaufele Subject: query on Chipewyan enclitic conjunction(s) -u I was just reading a recent issue of Folia Linguistica (vol. 26/3-4, 1992) in which Eung-Do Cook, in a short note (pp. 467-470) 'Polysemy, Homophony, and Morphemic Identity of Chipewyan -u', reports three distinct functions served in the Chipewyan language by (homophones of) the enclitic conjunction -u. One of these is to conjoin clauses within a sentence. (1) a. Pit taga heya-u, Ju dechen yaghe ts'en heya ni Pete by-water walks-& Joe bush in to walks (past) 'Pete walked along the water, and Joe walked into the bush.' b. Ts'enidher ni-u nathesti k'i i-wake-up (past)-& i-dream (emph) 'I woke up and it was only a dream.' Another function is to mark yes-no questions. (2) a. Lidi natser-u? tea strong-u 'Is the tea strong?' b. Tu baidhi-u? water you-want-u 'Are you thirsty?' (Cook notes that -u is not used with other types of questions; presumably, these have wh-elements or other interrogative markers.) And Cook cites a third function, which hann calls 'enumerative'. In a list of more than two items, each item will be marked with -u (sandhi has been undone). (3) ilaghe-u, nake-u, taaghe-u, dii-u, ... one-& two-& three-& four-& 'one, two, three, four, ...' In a list of only two items, the enclitic conjunction apparently need only appear once. (4) Pit tani bek'ike ilaghe ts'ekuaze-u nadene deneyuaze Pete 3 his-siblings 1 girl-& 2-people boy 'Pete (has) three siblings, one girl and two boys.' Cook notes that other conjunctions in Chipewyan are not enclitic and can only conjoin items in pairs. Cook regards these three functions as distinct, and concludes that -u is the common phonological representation for three distinct morphemes. I, on the other hand, see a suggestion of a common thread amongst them. In all cases exemplified by Cook, -u signals a semantic incompleteness, the approach of something further. In the case of clausal conjunction, -u signals that the clause may be syntactically complete (i'm not sure this is, in fact, the case, since in the examples Cook gives the first clausal conjunct seems to be lacking any kind of tense marker, which from what little i know about the Athabaskan languages ought to be obligatory), but that a further proposition or predication is to be made. In yes-no questions, the presence of -u signals that the clause may be syntactically complete but that a response is pragmatically required. And in what Cook calls the enumerative function -u signals (repeatedly) that there is more to come, or at least that the sequence is (potentially) open-ended. Am i missing something? Or is there really a common thread to these functions of -u? And if there is, in what sense can or should we claim that these functions are distinct and their phonological encoding(s) merely homophonous? (As a Sanskritist, i can't help being amused by the parallel between the fact that Chipewyan has an enclitic conjunction -u and the fact that Vedic Sanskrit did too, as described in Jared Klein's 1978 monograph The Particle _u_ in the Rigveda: a Synchronic and Diachronic Study, Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. There are obvious differences, of course; most importantly, the Vedic u conjoins only clauses, while the Chipewyan u can apparently conjoin NPs as well. And, of course, this is pure coincidence; no one's suggesting a genetic link between Sanskrit and Chipewyan on the basis of one enclitic.) -- Dr. Steven Schaufele fcosws@nytud.hu Room 119 Research Institute for Linguistics (Department of Theoretical Linguistics) Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Eotvos Lorand University) P. O. Box 19 1250 Budapest Hungary -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 16:18:32 +0100 (MET) From: Elina Savino Subject: affect/emotion Dear LINGUIST netters, few days ago, I was discussing with some collegues about the difference between affective and emotional attitudes in communication. One of them argued that there is no difference at all, while another one and me claimed there there is a difference, consisting in the "awareness" of the first one (in interacting with you, I WANT to show you my attitudes towards you) with respect to the second one. Am I right? I would like to know much more about the subject, then any suggested readings are also welcome. Later, I'll send a summary to the list. Thank you very much in advance. Michelina (Elina) Savino Universitaet des Saarlandes Saarbruecken - Germany -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 94 11:39:16 EST From: John.M.Lawler@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: Query: Body Language I am posting this at the request of a colleague, a political scientist interested in group decision-making processes: "Who could give me some good advice about research on the role of the physical body in framing the meaning of communications? "I've run some experiments in which some subjects could see each other as they worked on a common problem, and others could not. It turns out that this difference affected the solution methods they learned. "I could use some guidance to literature that might be relevant and, if possible, people who read e-mail to discuss it with." Please respond to me (jlawler@umich.edu); I will forward responses, and if appropriate summarize for the list. John Lawler Program in Linguistics University of Michigan -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 15:55:35 EST From: rstainto@ccs.carleton.ca () Subject: What Linguistics is About I will be giving a seminar in Philosophy of Linguistics next year. The two central topics are: a. What linguistics is about (Possible answers: minds, brains, communities, behaviour, abstract mathematical systems, etc.) b. Psychological Reality and Indeterminacy I have lots of readings to choose from by philosophers (Quine, Davidson, Putnam, Pylyshyn, Fodor, Katz, Soames, Bromberger, George, Higginbotham, and others); but I'd like to include more papers by linguists. I'm particularly interested in to-the-point articles on what linguistics is about. Suggestions? Thanks in advance, Rob -- Robert Stainton -- Philosophy -- Carleton University rstainto@ccs.carleton.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 17:19:32 -0500 (EST) From: MILA@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: Qu: Spanish Corpora We are posting this query in order to gather information on existing (commercial or private) computerized corpora (annotated text, dictionaries ...) and related software (parsers, taggers, concordancers...) FOR SPANISH, as well as information centers, data sources... In brief, anything related to electronic corpora that might be useful for the study of Spanish. Our aim is to create a Catalog of Spanish Corpora and Related Resources, that will be available through anonymous ftp when completed. We have started our search with Edwards' 'Survey of Electronic Corpora and Related Resources' in Edwards, Jane A. & Martin D. Lampert (eds). TALKING DATA: TRANSCRIPTION AND CODING IN DISCOURSE RESEARCH. As a first step, we are especially interested in, in order of priority: i) name of corpus/software ii) Compilers and/or project coordinator (if under development) iii) Available through ... iv) Content description v) Availability status: for free, for academic research only,etc / price vi) References vii) Miscellaneous We would greatly appreciate your help. Please, address your answers to: Mila Ramos mila@guvax.georgetown.edu Jorge Baldizon baldizoj@guvax.georgetown.edu Dpt. of Linguistics Georgetown University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-201. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-202. Tue 22 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 64 Subject: 5.202 FYI: SIL IPA Fonts; Session at MLA Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 07 Feb 1994 16:39:44 -0500 (CDT) From: "Evan L. Antworth 214-709-3346" Subject: SIL IPA fonts 1.2 2) Date: 21 Feb 1994 18:01:43 -0500 (EST) From: ide@cs.vassar.edu (Nancy M. Ide) Subject: Call for papers for ACH sessions at the MLA '94 Convention -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 07 Feb 1994 16:39:44 -0500 (CDT) From: "Evan L. Antworth 214-709-3346" Subject: SIL IPA fonts 1.2 Many people are writing to ask how to obtain the SIL IPA fonts. So at the risk of repetition, here is the information. Note also that users of version 1.0 may want to upgrade to version 1.2 which was released Nov. 1993. Please direct e-mail queries to Margaret.Swauger@sil.org. --Evan Antworth --------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 21 Feb 1994 18:01:43 -0500 (EST) From: ide@cs.vassar.edu (Nancy M. Ide) Subject: Call for papers for ACH sessions at the MLA '94 Convention I am forwarding the following message posted by jdg@oz.plymouth.edu (Dr. Joel Goldfield) on HUMANIST on Sat, 12 Feb 94 20:43:33 -0500 I would like to direct the attention of HUMANIST readers to two sessions sponsored by the Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH) at the upcoming convention of the Modern Language Association to be held in San Diego, California, Dec. 27-30, 1994. (Also see p. 26 of the Spring 1994 _MLA Newsletter_.) 1) Electronic Texts, Hypertexts, and the Study of Literature; 2) The Role of Electronic Texts Archives in the Study of Literature. (Preference will be given to presentations reporting concrete results.) In both cases, 500-word abstracts are due by 10 March 1994. Joel Goldfield, Plymouth State College (NH, USA). E-mail: Joel.Goldfield@plymouth.edu Regards, Joel Goldfield -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-202. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-203. Tue 22 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 64 Subject: 5.203 Celtic Handbook: Breton speaker needed Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 94 15:16:04 GMT From: Marion GUNN Subject: La/mhleabhar Ceilteach < Celtic Handbook > -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 94 15:16:04 GMT From: Marion GUNN Subject: La/mhleabhar Ceilteach < Celtic Handbook > Please reply to address below my signature, rather than to the list. If LINGUIST, CELTLING, CELTIC-L, NAT-LANG WELSH-L, GAELIC-L members would print & pass this message to friends in Cornwall and Brittany who are without access to e-mail services, I should be grateful. mg I wish to acknowledge publicly my thanks to Brian Stowell and Stephen Miller of Mann, to Mona Williams and Dewi Evans of Wales, Rivanon Kervella and Jann Guillamot of Brittany, Richard Gendall, Graham Sandercock and Ray Chubb of Cornwall, Ailean Do\mhnallach and Murdo MacLeod of Scotland, Rody Gorman and others (who will all be mentioned in the book!) who helped furnish material for the Celtic languages handbook I am editing, now (DEO GRATIAS!) near its completion--is, in fact, scheduled to be launched During the Celtic Congress this Easter (venue: Falmouth, Cornwall; dates: week of April 4-9). When, at the Doolish Congress of a couple of years ago, I floated this idea, thinking how obvious our need for a common phrasebook, and how simple it would be for some of us in the Celtic countries to make it a reality, I guessed it might take a couple of years to complete the job, given that all my collaborators, would, like me, be involved in other things, & adding it to their workload. Well, our two years are up, and it has been mostly fun, rather than work, so here is a request for your help--always _is_ such a request, isn't there?:-) --I need one more native Breton speaker to proofread the Breton section (it is actually quite small, consisting of a list of common words and phrases, a keyword index, and one page of bibliographic references & addresses of some organizations in Brittany) and someone with a thorough knowledge of Cornish to do the same for the Cornish part. Please supply a fax number for reply. Dew genes, Kenavo, Marion Gunn Snailmail address: Irish Dialect Archives Faculty of Celtic Studies University College Dublin E/ire (Ireland) Fax no.: +353-1-269 4409 E-mail address: MGUNN@IRLEARN.UCD.IE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-203. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-204. Tue 22 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 84 Subject: 5.204 Calls: Cognitive linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 15:57 MST From: wilcox@triton.unm.edu (Sherman Wilcox) Subject: Call for Papers: ICLA -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 15:57 MST From: wilcox@triton.unm.edu (Sherman Wilcox) Subject: Call for Papers: ICLA 4th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference July 17- July 21, 1995, Albuquerque, New Mexico * Aims and Scope The International Cognitive Linguistics Conference offers a forum for research within the perspective of cognitive linguistics. This perspective subsumes a number of concerns and broadly compatible theoretical approaches that share a common basis: the idea that language is an integral part of cognition which reflects the interaction of cultural, psychological, communicative, and functional considerations, and which can only be understood in the context of a realistic view of conceptualization and mental processing. Topics of interest for cognitive linguistics include the structural characteristics of natural language categorization (such as prototypicality, metaphor, mental imagery, and cognitive models), the functional principles of linguistic organization (such as iconicity and naturalness), the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics, the experiential and pragmatic background of language-in-use, and the relationship between language and thought. In addition, topics of special interest for the 1995 conference include cross-linguistic studies and cognitive linguistic approaches to signed language research. * Conference Site The 1995 conference will take place on the campus of the University of New Mexico (UNM) in Albuquerque. Albuquerque lies between the foothills of the Sandia Mountains (with peaks of more than 10,000 feet) and the West Mesa (which is dotted with the cinder cones of long-extinct volcanoes); dividing the city is the winding Rio Grande valley, famous for its Bosque nature preserve. At an altitude of roughly 5000 feet, the university campus enjoys warm summer days and cool nights. Excursions to nearby pueblos, Santa Fe, and the Sandia Mountains are being planned. Also taking place at UNM during the summer of 1995 is the Linguistic Society of America's biennial Linguistic Institute. Under the direction of Joan Bybee, LI-95 will run for six weeks from late June to early August and will include over 50 courses taught by visiting faculty as well as special lectures. The conceptual structure for LI-95 applies cross-linguistic comparison and a functional orientation to the major areas of linguistics and the language emphases of the University of New Mexico program: signed languages, Spanish, and Native American languages. Several other conferences are planned to precede and follow the 1995 ICLA conference. * Submission of Abstracts Authors are requested to submit four copies of a one-page abstract in hardcopy format to the address below. Abstracts must be received before November 30, 1994. Authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by January 1, 1995. Sherman Wilcox/ICLA95 Department of Linguistics University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-204. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-205. Tue 22 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 81 Subject: 5.205 Sum: Degree words Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 18:10:41 -0800 From: Luca Dini Subject: sum: Degree words. -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 18:10:41 -0800 From: Luca Dini Subject: sum: Degree words. > For the purpose of a PhD Thesis I would like to collect references > about degree words when used as VP modifiers. For instance: > > Otto much resents the new taxes > --- > The new dancers didn't impress us very much > --------- > The Lions didn't win much this year > ---- > He accomplishes so little these day > -------- > Gary swam a little while he was in Jamaica > ------- > I rather suspected that he was lying > ----- > (examples from Ernst(1984)) > > I am interested in both syntactic and semantic literature. > Thanks, > Luca Dini Here are the references I could collect: Thanks to everybody for the collaboration. Luca Dini H. B/"acklund: The collocation of adverbs of degree in English, Uppsala University, 1970. (corpusstudy, verbs only included in discussion about -quite- and -rather-) ' D. Bolinger: Degree words, Janua Linguarum, series maior 53, Mouton, The Hague/Paris, 1972 E. Gary: Extent in English: a unified account of degree and quantity, Diss. University of California, Los Angeles, 1979. (semantic, title covers contents) S. Greenbaum: Verb-Intensifier Collocations in English - an experimental approach, Mouton, The Hague/Paris, 1970 (different experiments (completion, evaluation) to determine collocations and preferred wordorder) Kuiper, Koenraad (1982) Once more with feeling: modifier repetition as a stylistic rule. Linguistics 20: 493-517. Kuiper, Koenraad (1989) The modularity of grammar and phonetic stretching. Linguistics 27: 1057-1069. C. van Os: Aspekte der Intensivierung im Deutschen, G/"unther Narr Verlag, T/"ubingen (semantic approach , overview of 'all' the degree words in German, he spent some pages on the possibilities of intensifying verbs.) Hans Peters (1993) Die englischen Gradsadverbien. Tubingen: Gunter Narr. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-205. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-206. Tue 22 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 277 Subject: 5.206 Sum: Stem alternation Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Feb 1994 18:13:17 +1100 From: Jason Johnston Subject: 5.156 Sum: Stem alternation (longish) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 19 Feb 1994 18:13:17 +1100 From: Jason Johnston Subject: 5.156 Sum: Stem alternation (longish) Thank you to all those who replied to my query (5-156) about cases where an inflectional category is realised by 'stem alternation alone', including prosodic alternation. They are, in the order I received their (first) message: Tom Cravens, David Odden, Bob Beard, Larry Hutchinson, Ronald Feldstein, Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy, J. A. Rea, Richard Ogden, Bruno Tersago, Tapani Salminen, Stavros Macrakis, Norbert Strade, John E. Koontz, Marcia Haag, Alec Marantz, Erika Mitchell, Marit Julien. Thank you particularly to Tapani Salminen, Larry Hutchinson, Marcia Haag, Marit Julien and Alec Marantz for offering to send me further material. These are the instances suggested by correspondents: Choctaw (Muskogean, North America) -- formation of the 'intensive aspect' by stress shift to initial syllable, accompanied by gemination of first internal consonant and second vowel. For instance, from _falAma_ 'to return' youget _fAllaama_. (Interestingly iconic for an intensive aspect.) "If a word has only 2 syllables, /yy/ may be inserted to make the requisite number of syllables, or alternatively, the medial vowel may be bent [sic] to provide enough length". Apparently this is the regular formation for all verbs. Also in Choctaw, "the second person singular imperative is formed by a final accent on the stem vowel: _binili_ 'sit' becomes _biniLI_ 'sit down!'" Information from Marcia Haag. Lakhota and Omaha-Ponca (Siouan, North America) -- in Lakhota, inflection of "y-stem verbs as follows: ex. yuha' 'to hold, have' Agent 1, Patient 3 b-luha' Agent 2, Patient 3 luha' Agent 3, Patient 3 yuha' Third person is zero marked. [...] in modern Omaha-Ponca, edh-stems inflect: ex. dhathe' 'to eat' Agent 1, Patient 3 b-dha'the Agent 2, Patient 3 na'the Agent 3, Patient 3 dhatha' Third person zero marked. The final vowel shift in the last form is not person marking per se. It is the mark of the plural or the proximate third person singular..." Further details "in Boas & Deloria's grammar of Dakota or in Boas & Swanton's Academy of Sciences sketch of Siouan (Dakota with Omaha and Winnebago) in the old Handbook of North American Indian Languages." A diachronic "solution" was suggested by Dorsey c. 1885. Information from John Koontz. Maori -- formation of "plurals such as _waahine, maatue, tiipuna_ for _wahine, matua, tipuna_ 'woman, parent, ancestor'. This is restricted to a few nouns denoting persons, while most nouns don't distinguish number at all (so there's no 'rival' number affix); but it is inflectional inasmuch as number is also expressed obligatorily on determiners and possessives". Information from Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy. (Standard) Italian -- alternations in stress and/or length/gemination in the verbal system. Examples _pArlo_ 'I speak', _parlO_ 'he/she/it spoke'; _parlerE:mo_ 'we shall speak' _parlerEm:o_ 'we would speak'; _krE:de_ 'h/s/i believes', _kredE_ 'h/s/i believed'; _pArti_ 'you (fam.sg.) leave', _partI:_ 'I left', _partI_ 'h/s/i left'; _kA:de_ 'h/s/i falls', _kAd:e_ 'h/s/i fell'. "All are productive except the ['kad:e] type. Vowel length is predictable (i.e. long in stressed open syllable); consonant length isn't." I'm not sure what to make of the form _partI:_ vs. _partI_. Information from Tom Cravens. Italian (dialects) -- in "some north Italian dialects, say Bergamask", formation of the plural of nouns ending in coronals by "palatalizing" them. So the plurals of _det, an, al_ 'tooth, year, valley' are _dec, an~, aj_ with =English , as in Spanish, =English . [?Possible not very abstract source in _det+j, an+j, al+j_] Also, "some south Italian dialects that form plurals by vowel change of the stem, as in Abruzzese /ap@/ 'bee' (that's a schwa for a second vowel) plural /ip@/; /dulor@/ 'pain' plural /dulur@/, and so on." More info in Gerhard Rohlfs, _Grammatica Storica della Lingua Italiana_, Vol.2 'Morfologia', especially sections 375-6 (= _Historische Grammatik der Italienischen Sprache_). Information from J. A. Rea. Nilotic languages -- "things that look like broken plurals. Especially in Dinka, the plural (a nice coincidence) is formed by various random stem changes (including total suppletion). The kinds of things that happen include vowel lengthening, shortening, diphthongization, tone change, voice-quality change, change in the final consonant, monophthongization, and vowel-quality changes (raising and lowering) [...] Similar things exist throughout Nilotic." Information from David Odden. Temne (Sierra Leone) -- plural formation by mutation of initial consonant, e.g. _kuma, tuma_ 'box, boxes' and _ngola, yola_ 'cola tree, cola trees'. LH believes that an analysis which treats the initial consonants as prefixes doesn't work. Whereas other cases of consonant mutation may be the result of a formerly allophonic variation which has lost its conditioning environment, entailing "close phonetic similarity of the mutating consonants", "Temne mutation arose by a quite different process, which accounts for the phonetic dissimilarity of the mutations". Information from Larry Hutchinson. Nenets -- [TS] "the formation of accusative plural (which also functions as a stem for further morphological processes) is formed by affixation for consonant stems, but by vowel modification for vowel stems. A basic substem for verbs known as general finite stem is formed by affixation for consonant stems and certain vowel stems, but by vowel modification for the remaining vowel stems, both types of vowel stems being very common." Example of noun inflection: _wano_ 'root' (with other case/number forms _wanom, wanoh, wanoq_ etc.) has accusative plural _wanu_ and genitive plural _wanuq_. TS is aware of a possible morphophonemic analysis but rejects it: "we can (in principle) derive wanu from *wanou by deleting o or from *wanoy by changing o to u before y and then deleting y etc. Actually, both of these approaches create more problems than they solve, and therefore (and for other more theory-internal reasons) I prefer to claim that wanu comes into existence via vowel modification of o to u." Information from Tapani Salminen. Dutch -- "stem alteration in the preterit and past participle of the so-called 'strong' verbs", as in German. Information from Bruno Tersago. Russian -- stress alternations such as _vOlos_ 'hair, nom.sg.', _volOs_ 'hair, gen.pl.'. "In this case, both instances are usually interpreted as having a zero ending. This is not the usual, productive gen. plur. ending, and is considered an isolated relic." Information from Ronald Feldstein. Finno-Ugrian (Finnish, Estonian, Sa(a)mi) -- most mentioned was the Estonian genitive singular, where the realization may be [ACMcC] "by truncation of the final consonant (_kuningas/kuninga_ 'king') or substitution of the strong 'grade' of the stem for the weak (_tarve/tarbe_ 'need', _mure/murde_ 'break')." RO further mentions that "[m]any (but not all) cases can be generated by sticking the suffix on to the genitive singular form" and gives the following reference for a thorough description: Valter Taulli, _Standard Estonian Grammar_, Part I: Phonology, morphology, word formation. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Uralica et Altaica 8, Uppsala 1973. Something similar goes on in Northern Saami, where [MJ] "the accusative/genitive of nouns is formed by stem consonant gradation" , and there are three consonant grades: weak, strong and extra-strong or 1, 2 and 3. In even-syllabled nouns, the acc/gen is in a grade one level down (i.e. 2 if nom is 3, 1 if nom is 2). Examples: Nom Sg Acc/Gen Sg johka /johka/ joga /joga/ 'river' vahkku /vahhku/ vahku /vahku/ 'week' guossi /guosssi/ guossi /guossi/ 'guest' luossa /luossa/ luosa /luosa/ 'salmon' [Evidently the orthography doesn't always distinguish strong from extra- strong grade.] In odd-syllabled nouns, the alternation is weak in nom, strong in acc/gen, whereas in "contracted nouns" (where a syllable has been lost, historically) the alternation is weak in nom, extra-strong (if possible) in acc/gen. In Finnish, where consonant gradation usually [EM] "appears as a weakening of syllable (p,t,k) onsets when a syllable becomes closed by the addition of a consonant through affixation or whatever. E.g. luke 'read' + -n (1SG) -> (lu.ken) -> lu.en", there are instances where consonant gradation occurs without an apparent triggering affix. For instance, "Imperative = (Consonant Gradation): luke -> (lu.ke) -> lu.e". EM supports an analysis which posits a "phantom consonant" to trigger the alternation, citing as evidence "the fact that these phantom consonants can actually be heard (at least in Finnish); they take on the place and manner of following initial consonants, or else are realized as glottal stops: lue[s] se! 'Read it!', lue[?] artikkeli! 'read the article'." It is not clear if a similar "phantom- consonant" analysis would be feasible for Estonian. Speaking of these Finno-Ugrian gradations, which are historically phonological in motivation but arguably not so synchronically, NS observes that "[t]he formerly agglutinating languages are being transformed into inflecting ones." Information from Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy, Richard Ogden, Marit Julien, Erika Mitchell and Norbert Strade. -------------------------- Several correspondents asked the nature of my interest in this question. It is simply to gather data which may be crucial in assessing a currently proposed - and disputed - claim. A strong version of this claim is that inflectional categories always have a 'principal exponent' (other apparent exponents being conditioned side effects) and furthermore that this principal exponent is always an affix (or lexical item or Vocabulary Item or call it what you will - but in any case a *thing*). This claim is made by proponents of Distributed Morphology, including Morris Halle, Alec Marantz and Ralph Noyer. By contrast, proponents of A-Morphous Morphology, notably S.R. Anderson, deny that there is any fundamental difference between affixation and other forms of 'realization', which are all considered to be the side effect of the operation of rules. A slightly weaker version of the claim would be that, even if both affixation and various forms of mutation or stem alternation can expound inflectional categories, nevertheless they behave differently with respect to various principles of the grammar. For instance, Andrew Carstairs- McCarthy has argued that only rival affixes, not rival stem alternants or prosodies, count for the purposes of his Paradigm Economy Principle. Two factors complicate the evaluation of evidence for these claims. The lesser, I think, is that even the most processual looking alternations can, with varying degrees of ingenuity, be reformulated as 'things', e.g. CV skeletons, morphemic tiers, floating autosegments, what have you, even if some 'overwriting' of existing structure is called for. For instance, one of my correspondents mentioned the analysis of the Arabic broken plural (my own example) as containing a 'discontinuous infix'. My own feeling with these was that, as the precise choice of vocalism is a lexically idiosyncratic property, i.e. it has to be listed anyway, they're reasonable candidates for 'stem alternation', even if some internal structure can be discerned and described. A more important problem is the possibility of an analysis in terms of zero morph(eme)s. Clearly if we are free to posit zero morph(eme)s very freely, the claim that inflectional categories are always realized by affixation is unfalsifiable, since we can always say a zero affix is doing the realization and merely triggering the stem change. Proponents of Distributed Morphology do not, to their credit, throw zero morph(eme)s around with complete abandon, but they do allow them under certain theory-defined circumstances. Others, like my correspondent Tapani Salminen, are quite suspicious of their use altogether. In any case, that was the point of my request for "examples where, for one reason or another, there is little or no evidence to posit zero morphemes." The most convincing examples would be those where even the linguist who is fairly free (though obviously not totally unconstrained) in positing zero morphemes would be disinclined to do so: cases, for instance, where there is a lack of any parallel forms with overt affixation. The most interesting example from that point of view is the Choctaw 'intensive aspect' described to me by Marcia Haag. But in this case, curiously, the very simplicity and regularity of the prosodic/templatic change involved makes analysis as some sort of 'affix' relatively appealing. Finally, I could have been clearer about what I meant by 'stem alternation'. I leave the last word to Alec Marantz: >What I find interesting about the claim that stem modifications can >realize inflectional features is that, for the most part, what are >discussed are root modifications. The distinction with affixation is >that the inflectional affixes stack up and you'll find a certain number >of affixes in a row. So an outer affix clearly is attaching to a >combination of the root and the inner affixes. Stem modifications don't >apply to combinations of root plus inflectional affixes, as far as I can >tell. I think that this observation alone is sufficient to sink an >Anderson-style "affixation is just one of several possible modifications >to a stem performed in the presence of inflectional features" analysis >of inflectional morphology. Please contact me if you want bibliographic references to the writers I've mentioned. I've omitted them only to save some space in an already longish summary. Jason Johnston Dept of Linguistics, F12 University of Sydney, 2006 Australia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-206. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-207. Tue 22 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 118 Subject: 5.207 Qs: Morphophonology; Onomatopoeia; Net Resources; Lexicalization Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 94 16:23:08 CST From: "Richard L. Goerwitz" Subject: morphophonology; morphophonemics 2) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 14:31:08 -1000 (HST) From: Enid Wai-Ching Mok Subject: RE:query:onomatopoeia 3) Date: Thu, 17 Feb 1994 06:17:00 -0600 From: Natalie Maynor Subject: Net Resources for Linguists? 4) Date: 17 Feb 94 09:11:27 EST From: "Marie Egan" Subject: Q: Lexicalization of phrases -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 94 16:23:08 CST From: "Richard L. Goerwitz" Subject: morphophonology; morphophonemics Does generative phonology really have a theoretical construct equivalent to structuralist morphophonology or the American des- criptivists' morphophonemics? I've been accustomed to talking about morphologization, morpheme structure constraints, and so on. But does there exist any real equivalence to the older terms and concepts? -Richard Goerwitz, University of Chicago -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 14:31:08 -1000 (HST) From: Enid Wai-Ching Mok Subject: RE:query:onomatopoeia Can anyone on the list recommend some references or recent work on onomatopoeia (in any language)? I will post a summary of responses for LINGUIST. If you are an expert in onomatopoeia yourself or know anyone who is, please let me know. I'd very much appreciate your reply. Enid Mok enid@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 17 Feb 1994 06:17:00 -0600 From: Natalie Maynor Subject: Net Resources for Linguists? I'm working on a paper on net resources for linguists, which I'll be reading in early April at a meeting of SECOL (Southeastern Conference on Linguistics). In addition to obvious uses of the net like e-mail and discussion lists, I want to mention some specific collections of data or applications -- e.g., linguistics.archive.umich.edu (which I browsed through recently and found disappointly slim in its contents -- that's not a flame directed at its maintainers -- obviously not many people have contributed to it). What are some of the ftp archives or gopher sources you've found most useful in your work? Any responses you send me will be doubly useful in my paper: they'll enable me to offer more specifics, and they'll be further evidence of the usefulness of lists like LINGUIST since I can mention the ease with which I sent out this request and received replies. I'm looking for resources for all areas of linguistics, btw, including TESOL. Perhaps I should say especially TESOL since this particular SECOL meeting is going to be combined with a TESOL meeting -- an area I do not stay on top of via net-surfing or otherwise. Thanks for any suggestions. -- Natalie Maynor (maynor@ra.msstate.edu) English Department, Mississippi State University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: 17 Feb 94 09:11:27 EST From: "Marie Egan" Subject: Q: Lexicalization of phrases We are looking for references on phrases which may be or may be becoming single lexical items such as "tape measure" or "credit card" or on the processes by which this occurs. Any English examples would also be welcome. Please send the information to us and we'll post a summary to the list. Marie Egan egan@hsscls.hssc.scarolina.edu University of South Carolina -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-207. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-208. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 90 Subject: 5.208 Jobs: LINGUIST fellowship Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Feb 94 18:04:02 -0500 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: LINGUIST fellowship -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Feb 94 18:04:02 -0500 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: LINGUIST fellowship As some of you know, LINGUIST is sponsoring 2 graduate fellowships next year, one at Eastern Michigan University and one at Texas A&M. These fellowships are funded by your generous contributions to the LINGUIST Development Fund; and the recipients will be expected to work for a number of hours a week during the award period (Fall 1994 through Summer 1995) as Assistant Editors of LINGUIST. The recipients will each receive approximately $4000 in financial support, with the possibility of renewal for a second year. In addition, they will receive either partial or full tuition waivers, gain valuable experience in the use of the UNIX operating system and electronic mail, make numerous professional contacts via electronic networks, and learn linguistics by participation in discussions among students and active professionals. Though LINGUIST is based in the USA, applications from other countries are both welcome and encouraged. The applicant must, of course, have a thorough command of English in order to edit successfully. The deadline for applications is March 15, 1994. * * * * * * * AT EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY: The recipient will receive $4000 plus a full tuition waiver for 1 year for study in general/theoretical linguistics in EMU's Master of Arts program in English with a concentration in English Linguistics. EMU is located 5 miles from Ann Arbor, in an active linguistics community. The program serves as an effective bridge to doctoral study; and two-thirds of the program graduates go on to enter Ph.D. programs in theoretical or applied linguistics. Inquiries and requests for application materials should be addressed to: Prof. Daniel T. Seely Graduate Advisor in Linguistics Department of English Language and Literature Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA (email: eng_seely@emunix.emich.edu) AT TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY: The recipient will receive resident status, which will lower fees to the same level as is paid by Texas Residents. Texas A&M awards an MA and a Ph.D. in English with a concentration in linguistics. Inquiries and requests for application materials should be addressed to: Prof. Clint Machann Graduate Program Dept. of English Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-4227 USA Email requests for information may be addressed to Prof. Barbara Johnstone, at the address Please include your snail-mail address with e-mail requests for information. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-208. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-209. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 171 Subject: 5.209 Sum: Negation in French and English, Scrambling Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 17:41 GMT From: "Raf Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: Sum: Negation in French and English 2) Date: Sun, 20 Feb 1994 10:04:39 EST From: sai@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu Subject: Summary: Scrambling -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 17:41 GMT From: "Raf Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: Sum: Negation in French and English I asked people for work which contrasts negation in French and English, in particular studies which look at cases where one language uses a negative expression but the other does not. The only source I started with was: S. Pons-Ridler & G. Quillard, Quelques aspects de la negation: comparaison de l'anglais et du francais. Canadian Modern Language Review 47.2, January 1991. Thanks to Gaelle Recource, Hugues Peters, Lucia Tovena and Peter Paul for responses. It seems that not much has been written about the specific issue I raised. Two people referred to recent work in GB on negation in French and English: eg, Pollock's article (1989, Verb movement, universal grammar, and the structure of IP, Linguistic Inquiry 19.4.; also J. Emonds. 1978, The complex V-V'. Linguistic Inquiry ... and about the first language acquisition of negation by French and English children, Viviane Deprez and Amy Pierce. 1993. Negation and functional Projection in Early Grammar, Linguistic Inquiry 635-670. Paul Rowlett from the University of Salford presented a GB paper on negation in French at the Romance Linguistics Seminar in Cambridge, UK, in January this year. One person referred to the following book: Vinay J.P. and J. Darbelnet, 1977, Stylistique compar\'ee du fran\c{c}ais et de l'anglais, nouvelle \'edition, Didier, Paris This book actually has very little on this issue (but a lot on French- English contrasts in other areas). Finally Peter Paul pointed out the following plausible example of the phenomenon: POUR LE MOMENT JE ME TAIS for the moment I REFL BE-SILENT 'For the time being I won'T comment' In general the question of constructions that are used more in one language than in another does not appear to have been researched very much. The only literature I know which addresses this issue is the "Stylistique Comparee" of Vinay and Darbelnet (reference above). In this line of work there is also: A. Malblanc, Stylistique comparee du francais et de l'allemand. Paris, Didier, 1968. P. Scavee and P. Intravaia, Traite de Stylistique comparee: analyse comparative d'l'Italien et du Francais. Bruxelles, Didier and Mons, Centre International de Phonetique Applique, 1979. Another useful source is L. Truffaut, Grundprobleme der deutsch- franzoesischen Uebersetzung, Munich, Hueber, 1963. Truffaut gives examples where there is a modal in German but not in French, eg: Der Rechnungspruefer muss jaehrlich einen Bericht vorlegen :: Le commissaires aux comptes est tenu de faire annuellement un rapport. I reproduced some similar examples from Truffaut in my review of Palmer's book about Modality (Journal of Linguistics 24 (1988), 240-243). So my question now is: is anyone aware of any other work on this subject - specifically, looking at cases where one language uses a construction but another language may or must not use that construction in actual textual practice - ie, both languages have the construction in question, but in one it is more natural to avoid it. In the example from Truffaut, both languages have a modal of necessity but the natural French version does not use it. This issue may actually be very important. The notion of "translation equivalent" is crucial to any general theory of language. But what may be presented as an approximate translation equivalent in a dictionary (eg German muessen and French devoir) may in many cases not correspond in actual texts. Now of course it is easier to compare linguistic systems (as for instance in a dictionary) than texts in different languages. But if textual contrasts turn out to be pervasive (as argued in the Pons- Ridler and Quillard paper which started this off, where the claim is made that French uses negative expressions more than English, using data from translations in justification), then presumably the underlying systems much reflect such contrasts. Or do they? Please send me comments and references and I'll publicise them in the List. Thanks - Raf Salkie Raphael Salkie, The Language Centre, University of Brighton, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH. Tel: (0273) 643335 (direct line); (0273) 643337 (Language Centre Office). Fax: (0273) 690710 Email: RMS3@UK.AC.BRIGHTON.VMS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 20 Feb 1994 10:04:39 EST From: sai@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu Subject: Summary: Scrambling I have received several responces about recent references on Scrambling. Many thanks to Monique Lamers (lamers@let.rug.nl), Owen Rambow (rambow@unagi.cis. upenn.edu), Young-suk Lee (youngsuk@minerva.cis.upenn.edu), Taylor Roberts (robertst@unixg.ubc.ca), Michael Meng (xmm@rz.uni-jena.de), Suichi Yatabe (h54377@sakura.kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp) and (Gaelle.Recource@linguist.jussieu.fr). GB References: 1. Fanselow, G. 1990. Scrambling as NP-Movement. In Grewendorf & Sternefeld (e) Scrambling and Barriers. Benjamins, Amsterdam. 2. Lee, Young-suk. 1993. Scrambling as Case-Driven Movement. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 3. Muller, G. & W. Sternefeld. 1993. Improper Movement and Unambiguous Binding. Linguistic Inquiry, 24.3, 461-507. 4. Mahajan, A. 1990. The A/S-bar Distinction and Movement Theory. Ph.D. Dissertation. MIT, Cambridge. 5. Neeleman, A. 1994. Complex Predicates. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Groningen. 6. Proceedings of the Tilburg Workshop on Scrambling. 1991. van Riemsdijk & Korver (eds.). 7. Rambow, O. (expected 1994). Formal and Computational Models for Natural Language Syntax. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 8. Rambow, O. & A. Joshi. (1994). A Processing Model for Free Word Order Languages. To appear in C.Clifton, L. Frazier, & K. Rayner (eds.) Perspectives on Sentence Processing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale. 9. Saito, M. 1985. Some Asymmetries in Japanese and Their Theoretical Implications. Ph. D. Dissertation, MIT, Cambridge. 10. Saito, M. 1992. Long-Distance Scrambling in Japanese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 1, 69-118. 11. Webelhuth, G. 1989. Syntactic Saturation Phenomena and the Modern Germanic Languages. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. HPSG References: 1.Chung, Chan (to appear). Scrambling in Korean and its Effects on Anaphor Binding. An Alternative to Movement Approaches. Proceedings of ESCOL, 10. Cornell University. 2. Franck, A. & U. Reyle (1992). How to cope with Scrambling and Scope. In Gorz (ed.) Proceedings of KONVENS 1992. Berlin. 3. Yatabe, Suichi. Scrambling and Japanese Phrase Structure. Ph. D. Dissertation, Stanford University. 4. Yatabe, S. The Boundness of Scrambling. In S. Choi (ed.) Japanese/Korean Linguistics, 3. CSLI. 5. Yatabe, S. Quantifer Floating in Japanese and the Theta-Hierarchy. Proceedings of Chicago Linguistic Societ2, 26, Vol.1. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-209. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-210. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 136 Subject: 5.210 Qs: Syllable coda, PC-KIMMO, North Halmaheran, Bali-Sasak Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 11:19:55 GMT-0500 From: gldsmth@bloomfield.uchicago.edu (John Goldsmith) Subject: Syllable coda possibilities 2) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 1994 09:44:18 -0500 (CDT) From: "Evan L. Antworth" Subject: PC-KIMMO descriptions wanted 3) Date: Tue, 15 Feb 1994 15:25 EST From: RBAJR@vms.cis.pitt.edu Subject: North Halmaheran languages 4) Date: Tue, 15 Feb 1994 16:02 EST From: RHAST2@vms.cis.pitt.edu Subject: Bali-Sasak languages and Sumbawan -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 11:19:55 GMT-0500 From: gldsmth@bloomfield.uchicago.edu (John Goldsmith) Subject: Syllable coda possibilities I'd like to ask my Linguist List colleagues to help me to put together a list of languages which restrict their coda possibilities in the way that several linguists have discussed since Prince drew our attention to it in 1984. These languages have the following characteristics: a. geminate obstruents exist b. no stop or affricate may appear in the coda (unless it is part of a geminate consonant) c. typically, at least, the onset permits no stop-liquid clusters d. a nasal may appear in the coda of a syllable, but only if it is homorganic to a following consonant (restriction lifted for phrase-final nasal) I'd like to gather a list of such languages, along with the following information, if available: i. the inventory of consonants in the language ii. does the language permit any fricative + obstruent clusters word-internally (and if so, can we determine which syllable the fricative is in)? iii. what consonants may appear word-finally? iv. can any liquids appear in the coda (i.e., are there liquid + obstruent clusters inter- vocalically)? Any glides? v. Is there a good description of the phonology of the language available? Please send me your answers, and I'll post a summary. Thanks. John Goldsmith gldsmth@sapir.uchicago.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 1994 09:44:18 -0500 (CDT) From: "Evan L. Antworth" Subject: PC-KIMMO descriptions wanted I frequently receive inquiries from people looking for PC-KIMMO descriptions (i.e. rules and lexicon) for various languages, especially Spanish, French, German, Dutch, and Russian. Unfortunately, I have to reply that I know of none. Does anyone have such descriptions that they would be willing to make publicly available? Even "toy" descriptions could be useful. Please contact me directly. --Evan Antworth evan.antworth@sil.org P.S. PC-KIMMO is a morphological parser based on Kimmo Koskenniemi's two-level model of morphology. It is distributed by the Summer Institute of Linguistics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 15 Feb 1994 15:25 EST From: RBAJR@vms.cis.pitt.edu Subject: North Halmaheran languages I would appreciate any references to books, articles or other works on North Halmaheran languages of the West Papuan Phylum. I am particularly interested in descriptive and historical linguistic studies. My email address is: rbajr@vms.cis.pitt.edu My mailing address is: Department of Anthropology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (My name is Robert Allen.) Thanks. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 15 Feb 1994 16:02 EST From: RHAST2@vms.cis.pitt.edu Subject: Bali-Sasak languages and Sumbawan I need references on languages and dialects spoken on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa and on the Bali-Sasak group of languages. I would greatly appreciate any information on these. My e-mail address is: rhast2@vms.cis.pitt.edu Thank you, Rika Hayami Allen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-210. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-211. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 86 Subject: 5.211 Sum: Clitics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 20 Feb 1994 15:45:54 -0700 (MST) From: PELLIOTT@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Summary: Clitics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 20 Feb 1994 15:45:54 -0700 (MST) From: PELLIOTT@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Summary: Clitics The following is a summary of replies to my January 27th request for info. on Spanish clitics. I'd like to thank all those who replied; you have been most helpful. Responses received from the following Linguist subscribers: 1. Embleton, Sheila. Embleton@vm1.yorku.ca 2. Huffman, Alan. Aahny@cunyvm.cuny.edu 3. Joseph, Brian. Bjoseph@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu 4. Lattey, Elsa. Nesla01@mailserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de 5. Uber, Diane Ringer. Duber@acs.wooster.edu 6. White, Brian. Bfwhite@watson.ibm.com References received: 1. Clitics: A comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991. (forthcoming, 1994). Compiled by Joel A. Nevis together with Brian D. Joseph, Dieter Wanner & Arnold M. Zwicky. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co. 2. The Acquisition of Clitic Pronouns in Spanish: Two Case Studies. (1990) By Bill VanPatten. In Second Language Acquisition/Foregin Language Learning, Edited by Bill VanPatten and James F. Lee. Clevedon/Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters Ltd. 3. The Role of Linguistic Theory in Linguistic Analysis: The Spanish Pronoun S System. (1975). By Erica Garcia. Amsterdam/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Co. 4. Clitic Usage in New York and the Carribean. (1988). By Diane Ringer Uber. HISPANIA 71, 385-391. 5. Contextual Determinants of Third-Person Clitic Usage in Spanish. (1987). By Diane Ringer Uber. In Thirteenth LACUS Forum 1986. Edited by Ilah Fleming. Lake Buff, IL: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States, 254-263. 6. Actions and Activeness in Spanish Clitic Selection. (1986). By Diane Ringer Uber. In Studies in Romance Linguistics. Edited by Olwaldo Jaeggli and Carmen Silva-Corvalan. Dordrecht: Foris, 153-165. 7. A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish. By John Butt and Carmen Benjamin. 8. Usos de "se". By J.A. de Molina Redondo. 9. Los Pronombres. By Alvaro Porto Dapena. 10 Las Construcciones Pronominales en Espanol.(1979). By M.A. Martin Zorraquino. 11 The Categories of Grammar: French LUI and LE. (Forthcoming). By Alan Huffman. John Benjamins. 12 The Role of Meaning in Grammatical Change: The Shift of GE to SE. (1972). By Flora Klein-Andreu. PhD Dissertation, Columbia University. 13 A Semantic Analysis of the Difference Between EL/LA and LO. (1977). By Ricardo Otheguy. In Studies in Romance Linguistics. Edited by M. Suner. Washington , DC: Georgetown University Press. 14 Grammatical Systems Across Languages: A Study of Participation in English, German, and Spanish. (1980) By Elsa Lattey. PhD Dissertation, City University of New York. I received an extensive list of references from Dr. Alan Huffman, which I wish to thank him for. Not all of those references are included above, since it would make the list extremely long. Interested persons can e-mail me for the list . Again, thanks everyone so much for your help: Agradezco mucho su ayuda. Phillip Elliott, Jr. PhD Candidate, Second Language Acquisition and Teaching Program The University of Arizona Pelliott@ccit.arizona.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-211. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-212. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 111 Subject: 5.212 Qs: Borrowings, Romance, Corpus tager, Phonology Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Feb 1994 12:55:03 -0600 From: yusuf@SPD-13.ils.nwu.edu (Yusuf Pisan) Subject: Query: What words are borrowed easily and why 2) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 11:13:00 -0500 (EST) From: 00rkfritz@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 5.172 Sum-Roman calves 3) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 15:17:50 PST From: am@macdict.dict.mq.edu.au (Alison Moore) Subject: corpus tagger 4) Date: 22 Feb 94 09:47:53 EST From: "Walter G. Rolandi" Subject: acquisition of phonology -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 17 Feb 1994 12:55:03 -0600 From: yusuf@SPD-13.ils.nwu.edu (Yusuf Pisan) Subject: Query: What words are borrowed easily and why I am looking for some references about what kind of words are borrowed in to the language (adjectives, nouns, verbs, ...) and references about the claims people have made about word borrowing. A particular claim I know is that nouns will be borrowed a lot more than verbs since nouns are more concrete and isolated whereas verbs are woven into the structure of the language. I am especially interested in articles dealing with Turkish and English, but articles describing how words are borrowed in a specific language would also be interesting. Have I made myself clear? Thanks in advance for any responses Yusuf Pisan y-pisan@nwu.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 11:13:00 -0500 (EST) From: 00rkfritz@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 5.172 Sum-Roman calves I'm not a linguist and I know very little about Latin but I teach Spanish and I'm wondering (Re: "From: CONNOLLY@MSUVX1.MEMST.EDU") if "_i_ as the imperative of _ire_" didn't survive "in Romance" as _Id_, the second person plural imperative in peninsular Spanish. If this is just folk etymology, please flame me straight. Gracias, Bob -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 15:17:50 PST From: am@macdict.dict.mq.edu.au (Alison Moore) Subject: corpus tagger An appeal from the Macquarie Dictionary: Does anyone know of a public domain corpus tagger that could be downloaded? We would need a source code that can be compiled as a C program for the Macintosh version of Unix (AUX 3.0). Thank you! Alison Moore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: 22 Feb 94 09:47:53 EST From: "Walter G. Rolandi" Subject: acquisition of phonology hi, i'm interested in the acquisition of phonology. can anyone inform me as to what theories currently reign? what basic sources should be read? where the most important work is now going on? thanks. Walter G. Rolandi INTERNET: ROLANDI@hsscls.hssc.scarolina.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-212. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-213. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 129 Subject: 5.213 Qs: Klingon, Hansard corpus, Electronic thesaurus, Navajo Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 1994 11:44:24 -0600 (CST) From: Joseph P Stemberger-1 Subject: Query: Okrand/Klingon 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 09:44:30 GMT From: louisa@essex.ac.uk (Sadler L) Subject: Re: 5.198 Qs: MT, Uncommon languages; Prolog; Teke; French 3) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 11:03 EST From: Mike McCourt <0003393954@mcimail.com> Subject: Electronic Thesaurus 4) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 00:00:55 EST From: mec6u@uva.pcmail.virginia.edu Subject: Navajo query -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 1994 11:44:24 -0600 (CST) From: Joseph P Stemberger-1 Subject: Query: Okrand/Klingon Does anyone have an e-mail address for Marc Okrand? While reading the Klingon dictionary, it wasn't clear to me whether /D/ is a palatoalveolar stop (which as far as I know never occurs in human languages except allophonically, so would be cute to put in Klingon) or a more mundane retroflex. Just an idle question, but I'd be interested in the answer. If anyone knows the answer, send me an e-mail message. Barring that, if anyone has an e-mail address (or even snail-mail) for Marc Okrand, I'd be appreciative. ---joe stemberger -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 09:44:30 GMT From: louisa@essex.ac.uk (Sadler L) Subject: Re: 5.198 Qs: MT, Uncommon languages; Prolog; Teke; French Hi There are two things I know about. The first is the Hansard Corpus from the Canadian Parliament which is (you'd never guess) French-English. As I remember we got this through the DCI ACL as I recall and I guess if you mail Susan Warwick Armstrong at Geneva you will be able to get a CD Rom of it. It is fairly large, though I can't remember how large. The second thing I know about is that there is a bilingual aligned corpus(around 2M in each L) of English French telecommunications texts. We recently participated in a project which cleaned up and tagged these texts and the intention was to release them through the DCi-ACL. The final report on the project should be delivered in a few days. Hope that info is of some use. -- Louisa Sadler Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex Wivenhoe Park COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ, UK louisa@essex.ac.uk tel: +44 206 872082 fax: +44 206 872085 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 11:03 EST From: Mike McCourt <0003393954@mcimail.com> Subject: Electronic Thesaurus Does anyone have a suppliers list for electronic thesauruses? I'm interested in European languages. Thanks Mike McCourt VP Engineering Microlytics, Inc 2 Tobey Village Office Pk Pittsford, NY 14534 USA fax:1-716-248-3868 phone:1-716-248-9150 extention 300 internet:3393954@mcimail.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 00:00:55 EST From: mec6u@uva.pcmail.virginia.edu Subject: Navajo query Does anyone know of a university program offering summer language study in Navajo and/or other Southern Athapascan languages? I am particularly interested in Western Apache dialects. Thanks, Marybeth Culley mec6u@virginia.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-213. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-214. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 98 Subject: 5.214 Qs: Classroom interaction, English dialects, Cynicism Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 20:35:36 GMT From: Simon Williams Subject: Corpus of classroom interaction 2) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 1994 21:07:11 -0400 (EST) From: mmackenz Subject: looking for refs on southern English 3) Date: Fri, 18 Feb 94 10:30:18 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Cynicism -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 94 20:35:36 GMT From: Simon Williams Subject: Corpus of classroom interaction Hi Does anyone know of a corpus of classroom interaction (on-line or otherwise), ie transcripts of language classes, English or others, which are available to researchers? Failing that, are there any corpora of general subject classroom interaction? Thanks :-) Simon Williams School of Education University of Southampton Southampton SO9 5NH England e-mail:saw@uk.ac.soton -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 22 Feb 1994 21:07:11 -0400 (EST) From: mmackenz Subject: looking for refs on southern English Hello, I am doing a research project this semester on the phonetics/phonology of southeastern U.S. dialects of English. Could anyone direct me to previous research that has been done on this topic. I am particularly interested in timing or intonational differences, e.g. Is phrase final lengthening greater in any of these dialects than it is in standard English (whatever that is). I will post a summary if there are sufficient responses. advthanksance, Mike MacKenzie -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 18 Feb 94 10:30:18 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Cynicism I would like to document two related phenomena I find very often in talking to people in the field, and would appreciate any kind of evidence or just statements from people who would not mind being quoted. One is the widespread cynicism about the data (especially about data in "my dialect") and the other is the perhaps no less widespread cynicism about the predictive power of linguistic theories (I have heard an active researcher in syntax referring to the work in his own field as involving "a bag of tricks" which one uses as one sees fit to explain away counterexamples, for example, and I have also seen various expressions of a feeling that it is a political matter whose counterexamples are "just counterexamples" and whose are seen as justifying a change in the theory.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-214. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-215. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 79 Subject: 5.215 New Books: Asian and African langs. Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ ASIAN LANGS Clancy, Patricia (Ed.) JAPANESE/KOREAN LINGUISTICS, VOLUME TWO CSLI Publications 1993 ix, 497 pp. East Asian Languages US $19.95 (paper) $50.00 (cloth) ISBN 1-881526-13-5 (paper), 1-881526-14-3 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) The papers in this volume are intended to further collective and collaborative research in both Japanese and Korean, two typologically similar languages. The contributors discuss aspects of language acquisition, discourse, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, phonology, morphology, typology, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. Choi, Soonja (Ed.) JAPANESE/KOREAN LINGUISTICS, VOLUME THREE CSLI Publications 1993 ix, 350 pp. East Asian Languages US $19.95 (paper) $50.00 (cloth) ISBN 1-881526-21-6 (paper), 1-881526-22-4 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the Third Annual Southern California Japanese/Korean Linguistics Conference. The papers discuss aspects of discourse and language acquisition, syntax and semantics, and phonology. AFRICAN LANGS Mufwene, Salikoko (U. of Chicago) & Lioba Moshi (U. of Georgia)(eds) TOPICS IN AFRICAN LINGUISTICS. PAPERS FROM THE XXI ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICAN LINGUISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, APRIL 1990 x, 304 pp. Cloth US:1 55619 553 2/EUR:90 272 3610 0 US$72.00/Hfl. 130,-- John Benjamins Sixteen revised papers from the conference, subdivided into morphosyntax, semantics, phonology and language contact. Contributors: L. Hyman, M. Ngalasso, E. Bilao, S. A. Lawal, A. S. Allen, P. Roulon-Doko, J. Bing, B. Blount, L. Moshi, Schaefer & Egbokhare, A. Mtenje, J. Tourville, E. Bokamba, C. Myers-Scotton, H. Pasch, E. Richmond. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-215. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-216. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 103 Subject: 5.216 New Books: Syntax, Ling theory, Formal ling Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ SYNTAX UMOP 17; University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 17, Functional Projections. E. Benedicto & J. Runner (eds.), Pb. 251 pp., 1994. $16. Graduate Linguistics Student Association (GLSA), University of Massachusetts, Amherst. This volume contains papers on functional projections in syntax by: E. Benedicto, H. Borer, E. Casielles, V. Deprez, J. Jonsson, A. Kratzer, J. Rado, J. Runner, M. Speas, S. Tomioka, & S. Tunstall. For further information, contact glsa@linguist.umass.edu LING THEORY Bok-Bennema, Reineke & Roeland Van Hout (eds) LINGUISTICS IN THE NETHERLANDS 1992 x, 284 pp. Paper US:1 55619 216 9/EUR:90 272 3152 4 US$42.00/Hfl.75,-- John Benjamins. Contains a selection of papers presented at the twenty-third annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of the Netherlands. The papers present an overview of research in different fields of linguistics in the Netherlands. Kemmer, Suzanne THE MIDDLE VOICE xii, 300 pp. Cloth US:1 55619 410 2/EUR:90 272 2907 4 US$85.00/Hfl. 150,-- Paper US:1 55619 411 0/EUR:90 272 2908 2 US$29.95/Hfl. 60,-- John Benjamins. Examines the thesis that the coherent, though complex, linguistic category which subsumes many of the phenomena that have been labeled "middle voice," actually receives grammatical instantiation in many languages. A semantic property crucial to the nature of the middle, which the author terms "relative elaboration of events," serves as a parameter along which the reflexive and the middle can be situated as semantic categories intermediate in transitivity between one-participant and two-participant events, and which differentiate reflexive and middle from one another. Lieb, Hans-Heinrich (Freie U. Berlin) LINGUISTIC VARIABLES. TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY OF LINGUISTIC VARIATION xiv, 261 pp. Cloth US:1 55619 562 1/EUR:90 272 3611 9 US$65.00/Hfl. 115,-- John Benjamins. Using a non-Labovian notion of linguistic variable, the author distinguishes between a holistic and a component approach to linguistic variation. This is a first-time reconstruction in a single theoretical framework of the more important approaches to linguistic variation found in areas as different as historical linguistics, dialectology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, stylistics, contrastive linguistics, language typology, so-called evaluation grammar, and current Chomskyan generative grammar (generally with an emphasis on syntax). Concentrates on language-internal variation, but also analyzes typological research and considers how linguistic descriptions may account for variation both within and between languages. FORMAL LING Mead, Jonathan (Ed.) THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH WEST COAST CONFERENCE ON FORMAL LINGUISTICS CSLI Publications 1994 vii, 552 pp. Formal Linguistics US $24.95 (paper only) ISBN 1-881526-12-7 Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) For a complete list of titles/authors of papers presented at the 1992 conference, contact Maria Breaux at (415) 723-1839, or by e-mail at breaux@roslin.stanford.edu. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-216. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-217. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 72 Subject: 5.217 New Books: Psycholing, Lang Acquisition Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ PSYCHOLING Jackendoff, Ray (Brandeis); PATTERNS IN THE MIND: LANGUAGE AND HUMAN NATURE; ix, 246 pp. In North America: Basic Books, 0-465-05461-7; in Europe and Asia: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 0-7450-0962-X (hbk), 0-7450-0963-8 (pb). Aimed at the general public, Patterns in the Mind is also suitable for use in courses such as Language and Mind, Introduction to Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, and Language Acquisition. The central thrust is that language ability is stored in the brain as a set of unconscious patterns, or mental grammar. The learning of mental grammar involves a rich inter- weaving of nature and nurture; children come to the task equipped with an innate Universal Grammar that provides building blocks for all human languages. Jackendoff also shows that innate brain specializations sup- port many other human abilities such as vision, appreciation of music, and the ability to interact socially and culturally with other people. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Clark, Eve V. (ed.) THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CHILD LANGUAGE RESEARCH FORUM CSLI Publications 1993 ix, 228 pp. Language Acquisition US $17.95 (paper) $39.95 (cloth) ISBN 1-881526-04-6 (paper), 1-881526-05-4 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) Formally "Papers and Reports on Child Language Development," works included here cover a broad spectrum of structures in language acquisition discussed at the 1992 meeting of the Child Language Research Forum. Papers report on acquisition data from a number of different languages. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-217. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-218. Wed 23 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 67 Subject: 5.218 New Books Available for Discussion: Aspect Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ Once again, we are posting notices of new books and/or software which are available for discussion. If you would like to lead a discussion on one of the available works, you should contact Barbara Johnstone at: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu We expect that commentary will be informal and interactive, and we hope that the author(s) of the works will join in. Anthony & Helen ------------------------------ SEMANTICS Smith, Carlotta S.; Un. of Texas at Austin; The Parameter of Aspect; PB 0-7923-2496-X; Kluwer Academic Publishers; Email vanderLinden@wkap.nl This book presents a unified theory of aspect as a parameter of Universal Grammar. It provides an unusual combination of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic approaches to a single domain, as well as detailed linguistic analyses of five languages with very different aspectual systems: French, English, Russian, Mandarin Chinese, and Navajo.Extensive discussion of the linguistic evidence is complemented by a formal semantic treatment, set in the framework of Discourse Representation Theory. Available for Discussion. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-218. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-219. Thu 24 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 139 Subject: 5.219 Labiodental nasals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 18:58 PST From: Peter Ladefoged Subject: Re: 5.186 Labiodental Nasals 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 12:23:00 -0600 (CST) From: Joseph P Stemberger-1 Subject: Re: 5.175 Sum-Nasals -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 18:58 PST From: Peter Ladefoged Subject: Re: 5.186 Labiodental Nasals from: Peter Ladefofed [idu0pnl@uclamvs.bitnet] re 5.175 labiodental nasals In response to queries about labiodental stops and nasals, here are some paragraphs from a forthcoming book (we hope, soon) Sounds of the World"s languages, Peter Ladefoged and Ian Maddieson. The use of the labiodental place of articulation is largely restricted to fricatives, so we will defer most of the discussion of that place until Chapter 5. There is, however, no doubt that at least for fricatives there is a contrast between bilabial and labiodental articulations. We do not know whether true labiodental stops occur in any language, although they have been reported among languages of Southern Africa, where the symbols [**] and [**)] have been used for their transcription since at least Doke's 1926 study of Zulu. Guthrie reports that "there is a labiodental plosive which is distinct from the bilabial plosive, e.g. **a 'shine', -bar- 'give birth to' " in a language in the Nyanja-Tumbuka group that he called Tonga (Guthrie 1948: 61). We have not heard this language, and are unsure how it relates to languages with similar names in the region. In the nearby Tsonga dialects of South Africa Baumbach (1974, 1987) reports labiodental affricates. Significantly, when an assimilated nasal occurs before these affricates, Baumbach affirms that it shares the labiodental place, just as a nasal before the labiodental fricatives v, f does. Therefore, these sounds are not sequences of a bilabial plosive followed by a labiodental fricative. If they are indeed true affricates with a complete stop closure, then the stop portion of the affricate must be labiodental in place. Words illustrating these sounds, together with some other contrasting labials, are given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2. Words illustrating some of the labial consonants of the XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga (from Baumbach 1974, 1987). [In phonetic transcription, not reproduced here] We have heard labiodental stops made by a Shubi speaker whose teeth were sufficiently close together to allow him to make an airtight labiodental closure. For this speaker this sound was clearly in contrast with a bilabial stop; but we suspect that the majority of Shubi speakers make the contrast one of bilabial stop versus labial-labiodental affricate (i.e. bilabial stop closure followed by a labiodental fricative), rather than bilabial versus labiodental stop. Sounds described as labiodental affricates also occur, for example in German, in which the stop closure is bilabial, although the fricative release is labiodental. Labiodental nasals occur in many languages. As in Tsonga they are usually the result of coarticulation with a following labiodental fricative. The Yoruba word efE~ 'want, like (imperfective)' is formed by preposing an imperfective marker consisting of a syllabic nasal with no inherent place to the verb stem fE~. They have, however, been reported as segments contrasting with both bilabial nasals and labiodental fricatives in the Kukuya dialect of Teke. Paulian (1975) describes these sounds as "realise comme une occlusive nasale, labiodentale, toujours sonore; l'occlusion se produit entre les dents du haut et l'interieur de la levre inferieure; elle est accompagne d'une forte avance des deux levres." We do not know if a true occlusive could be made with this gesture, when we take into account the gaps that often occur between the incisors. References Baumbach, E. J. M. (1974). Introduction to the Speech Sounds and Speech Sound Changes of Tsonga. Pretoria, van Schaik. Baumbach, E. J. M. (1987). Analytical Tsonga Grammar. Pretoria, University of South Africa. Doke, C. M. (1926). The Phonetics of the Zulu Language. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University. Guthrie, M. (1948). The Classification of the Bantu Languages. London, Oxford University Press for the International African Institute. Paulian, C. (1975). Le Kukuya-Langue Teke de Congo (Phonologie; Classes Nominales). Paris, -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 12:23:00 -0600 (CST) From: Joseph P Stemberger-1 Subject: Re: 5.175 Sum-Nasals Regarding Nick Reid's summary about labiodental nasals. In the UPSID data base (presented in the now-out-of-print book PATTERNS OF SOUND by Ian Maddieson at UCLA), there is one language listed as having a PHONEMIC labiodental nasal: Teke. I know nothing about Teke other than the phonemic inventory presented in the book. It's possible that whoever wrote the grammar/phonetic description of the language erred in some way (such as saying that the labiodental nasal is phonemic when it's in fact allophonic), but it might be good to look into. By the way, in reference to the Geoff Pullum quote that presupposes that the IPA shouldn't have symbols for sounds that are allophonic in all languages... I disagree with that. As a phonologist, I find it annoying when I have no symbols to describe the results of assimilation. I hate using the palatal nasal symbol for the palatoalveolar nasal in the english word CHANGE, and am annoyed that there is no symbol for the palatoalveolar stop that begins the word TREE. A phonetic transcription system has many purposes, one of which is fine transcription that would be useful in discussions of language acquisition. If an ESL researcher wants to characterize a foreign speaker's pronunciation of INFORMATION as non-native because a labiodental nasal is never used, or TREE as non-native because it has an alveolar stop instead of a palatoalveolar stop, it's nice to have a way to indicate those differences in the transcription. Whether the sound is ever phonemic in any language is not always a concern. ---joe stemberger -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-219. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-220. Thu 24 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 64 Subject: 5.220 Sum: Lateral fricatives Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 13:21:11 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Lateral fricatives summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 13:21:11 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Lateral fricatives summary A couple of weeks ago I asked whether lateral fricatives were considered to be [+strident] or [-strident].I received lots of references and information on various languages that have these segments but the most pertinent responses were the following. Jason Johnston wrote: Chomsky & Halle _The Sound Pattern of English_ at p.317 say 'Nonvocalic laterals, which are often strident, are found in various widely scattered areas of the globe: the Caucasus, Africa, and among the languages native to the American continent. Also at p.329, they say 'Strident liquids, which are nonvocalic (see Section 3.1) are found, for example in Czech [...] in which strident and nonstrident [r] contrast; in Bura and Margi we find contrasts of strident and nonstrident [l] (Ladefoged, 1964).' Ladefoged himself, in _A Course in Phonetics_ (1975), has a table on p.246 which lists lateral fricatives as [+strident]. But then Steve Seegmiller noted that At the beginning of Halle and Clements' "Problem Book in Phonology" there is a list of distinctive features with their articulatory correlates and a brief description of the sound classes that they characterize. Under "strident/nonstrident" they say, in effect, that the sibilants, the labiodentals, and the uvulars are strident and everything else is nonstrident (including, by implication, laterals). There were a couple of other references to Peter Ladefoged's A COURSE IN PHONETICS but since there were important differences between the three editions, I decided to ask him personally, and he replied: My problem with a direct answer is that I do not use the feature Strident. I prefer Sibilant, which is nearly the same, but is defined as the property of fricatives that have energy made by a jet of air striking an obstacle. In sum, the jury's still out, I guess. But maybe I can aske the question another way: if interdentals are taken to be the achetype of [-strident] fricatives, and alveolars are the archetype of [+strident] segments, which of these two are lateral fricatives closest to in terms of frequency? Anyway, many thanks to all the others who took time to reply (Larry Trask, Cheryl Zoll, Jack Rea, John Kingston, Martin Ball). Marc Picard -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-220. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-221. Thu 24 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 166 Subject: 5.221 Sum: Burushaski Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 12:44:36 -0800 From: pmfarrell@ucdavis.edu Subject: Sum: Burushaski -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 12:44:36 -0800 From: pmfarrell@ucdavis.edu Subject: Sum: Burushaski Thanks to everyone who responded to the request for information on Burushaski posted on LINGUIST by Dr. Farrell. Here is a list of the references I have found so far. I have included summaries of the articles in my possession, to the extent that I have understood them. If anyone is interested, I can update this list with compendia of other works as they become available to me.--Justin Spence Bashir, Elena. 1985. "Toward a Semantics of the Burushaski Verb." In: Proceedings of the Conference on Participant Roles: South Asia and Adjacent Areas. Arlene K. Zide, David Magier, Eric Schiller (Eds.), 1-32. Bloomington, Indiana: IULC. >> Bashir ascribes some predictable features of Burushaski nominal and verbal morphology to semantic parameters such as degree of activity (of verbs and of actors), relative affectedness (of actors), and state/process- vs. actor- oriented verbal conceptions. Benveniste, E. 1947. "Remarques sur la classification nominale en Burushaski." Bulletin de la Societe de Linguistique de Paris. 64(128):64-71. Berger, Hermann. 1974. "Das Yasin Burushaski." Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. >> Frequently cited by Bashir, Tiffou, and Morin. Bleichsteiner, R. 1930. "Die werschikisch-burischkische Sprache im Pamir-Gebiet und ihre Stellung zu den Japhetitensprachen des Kaukasus." Wiener Beitr. z. Kulturgeschishte u. Linguistik. I:289-331. Borgstrom, Carl. 1945. "The Categories of Person, Number, and Class in the Verbal System of Burushaski." Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap. 13:130-47. Klimov, G.A. and D.I. Edelman. 1970. "Jazyk burusaski." Nauka, Moskva. Lorimer, D.L.R. 1932. "A Burushaski Text from Hunza." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 4:505-31. _____. 1935 and 1938. "The Burushaski Language." (3 vols.) Oslo: Instituttet for Sammilignende Kulturforskning. >> To my knowledge the only reference grammar for Burushaski until Berger's (1974) study of the Yasin dialect. OOdles and oodles of morphology comprise volume one ("Introduction and Grammar"). In volume two ("Texts and Translations"), phonetic transcriptions of texts appear on the even-numbered pages with English translations facing on the odd. Volume three ("Vocabularies and Index") is mostly a (Hunza) Burushaski-English dictionary, but it includes short Werchikwar (Yasin?)-English and English-Burushaski sections. Note that Tiffou and Morin have found Lorimer's work to be somewhat inaccurate, particularly for analyses of phenomena for which vowel length and stress, inconsistently recorded by Lorimer, are contrastive. _____. 1936. "Nugae Brurshaskicae." BSOS. 8:627-36. >> This reference came out of Bashir's (1985) list of works cited. I'm not exactly sure what "BSOS" stands for, but I suspect it is the "Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies," not to be confused with the aforementioned "Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies." _____. 1937. "Burushaski and its Alien Neighbors." Transactions of the Philological Society. 1937:63-98. Morgenstierne, Georg. 1935. Preface to Lorimer, op.cit., VII-XXX. >> Discussion of some of the interesting facts of Burushaski grammar, including phonolgy, and a summary of arguments for considering Burushaski an isolate. _____. 1945. "Notes on Burushaski Phonology." Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap. 13:67-95. Morin, Yves-Charles. 1976. "Naissance d'une constrainte de structure morphematique en bourouchaski." Recherches linguistiques a Montreal. 7:157-62. Morin, Yves-Charles and Etienne Tiffou. 1983. "Les tournures passives en Bourouchaski." In: Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Linguists. Shiro Hattori and Kazuko Inoue (Eds.). Tokyo. _____. 1988. "Passives in Burushaski." In: Passive and Voice. Masayoshi Shibatani, (Ed.), 493-524. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins. >> Affirmation and description of passive voice in Burushaski. Most ergative verbs have a passive counterpart. Identification of a pathetive construction. LFG analysis for both phenomena. _____. 1989. "Dictionnaire complementaire du Bourouchaski du Yasin." Paris, SELAF. Tiffou, Etienne. 1977. "L'effacement de l'ergatif en bourouchaski." Studia Linguistica. 31:1.18-37. >> My understanding of this article is shaky, at best. As far as I can tell, Tiffou maintains that ergativity is no longer "bi-directional" between verbs and their arguments, although it probably once was. So there is a diminution of the scope of ergativity in Burushaski. Tiffou, Etienne and Yves-Charles Morin. 1982. "A Note on Split Ergativity in Burushaski." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 45:88-94. >> Data regarding stress and vowel length, phonological aspects often missed by Lorimer in his transcriptions, reveal that the ergative split in Burushaski is much narrower (at least for the Hunza dialect) than Lorimer believed it to be. Ergative case is the norm for transitive subjects, but first and second person pronouns show a split in the future tense. Tiffou, Etienne and Jurgen Pesot. 1989. "Contes du Yasin: introduction au bourouchaski du Yasin avec grammaire et dictionnaire analytique." Paris: Peeters. Tiffou, Etienne et al. 1993. "Hunza Proverbs." Calgary: University of Calgary Press. Varma, Siddheshwar. 1931. "Burushaski Texts." Indian Linguistics. I:256-82. Vogt, Hans. 1945. "The Plural of Nouns and Adjectives in Burushaski." Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap. 13:96- 129. Willson, Stephen R. 1990. "Verb Agreement and Case Marking in Burushaski." M.A. Thesis, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks. Zarubin, II. 1927. "Vershikoe narechie kaudzutskogo Yakiza. Leningrad. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-221. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-222. Thu 24 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 95 Subject: 5.222 Universal grammar Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 10:47:16 -0500 (EST) From: MARONOFF@Datalab2.sbs.sunysb.edu Subject: Re: 5.200 Universal Grammar 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 17:13:58 GMT From: Simon Kirby Subject: Re: 5.200 Universal Grammar -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 10:47:16 -0500 (EST) From: MARONOFF@Datalab2.sbs.sunysb.edu Subject: Re: 5.200 Universal Grammar The term UG is certainly associated not merely with innatism but more particularly with Chomskian innatism. The author of the sentence in question is therefore either intentionally parodying Chomsky's style of argumentation by terminology, or, more likely and more sadly, is simply unaware of his or her own ideology. In either case, "clownish" is the proper synonym for "serious" in this context. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 17:13:58 GMT From: Simon Kirby Subject: Re: 5.200 Universal Grammar In linguist 5.200, Joseph Stemberger writes... > > I was wondering how this interacts with the term "Universal Grammar". It's > my impression that innatists tend to use the term "UG", while others just > talk about "universals". So, when I hear "UG", part of the meaning that I > get is "universals are innate". > > > So I'm wondering whether the term "UG" presupposes the notion of > innateness, or whether it's neutral on that issue. > I think this is an important, and interesting, question. Certainly, within the currently dominant paradigm (Chomskian generative grammar), the use of the term Universal Grammar presupposes a particular approach to the explanation of language universals: the explanation from innateness. Researchers working within the functional-typological approach, however, often reject the innateness argument, but still refer to Universal Grammar. A small number (at least I think its a small number!) of linguists are seeking a more unified approach to the explanation of language universals. These researchers also refer to Universal Grammar. The question is: are these UGs the same thing? I think the main difference is that the innatist argument suggests that there is an innate mechanism for acquisition which more or less _is_ UG. This UG is apparent from single language studies, language pathology research, research on acquisition, and -- to a limited extent -- from cross-linguistic studies. So, _given_ UG, we should expect to see similarities between languages, ie. 'universals' in the traditional sense. The functional-typological approach takes Universal Grammar to be the set of universals that can be discovered from cross-linguistic comparison. Typically, this UG will contain a huge set of logical generalisations about the range of possible 'surface' structures across languages. The explanation of these universals often appeals to a wide variety of (functional) principles, some of which may involve innate mechanisms (eg. the parser). It seems that the former usually use the initials UG, whereas the latter use the term 'universal grammar'. Some recent papers by Hawkins and a paper by Hurford discuss in detail the interaction of the two types of explanation. However, I don't think it is clear how much these two senses of UG are compatible. Simon Kirby - University of Edinburgh simon@ling.ed.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-222. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-223. Thu 24 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 49 Subject: 5.223 Corrections: Stem alternations, IATL fax number Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 18:39:52 +1100 From: Jason Johnston Subject: Sum: Stem alternations -- correction 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 19:03:09 +0200 (WET) From: Anita Mittwoch Subject: IATL --Correction of fax number -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 18:39:52 +1100 From: Jason Johnston Subject: Sum: Stem alternations -- correction In my summary of replies to my stem alternation query, where I have 'Ralph Noyer' I should of course have put 'Rolf Noyer'. My apologies to Dr Noyer. Jason Johnston ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 19:03:09 +0200 (WET) From: Anita Mittwoch Subject: IATL --Correction of fax number There was an unfortunate error in the fax number given in the last circular of the Israel Association for Theoretical Linguistics. The correct number is: 972 2 322545. We apologize to anyone who tried to fax an abstract to the wrong number. Faxes should be addressed to me. Anita Mittwoch -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-223. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-224. Fri 25 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 128 Subject: 5.224 Universal grammar Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 18:42:07 +1030 From: David Powers Subject: Re: 5.222 Universal grammar 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 08:26:11 +0000 From: Richard Hudson UCL Subject: UG -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 18:42:07 +1030 From: David Powers Subject: Re: 5.222 Universal grammar In linguist 5.222, Simon Kirby writes... >In linguist 5.200, Joseph Stemberger writes... > >> >> I was wondering how this interacts with the term "Universal Grammar". It's >> my impression that innatists tend to use the term "UG", while others just >> talk about "universals". So, when I hear "UG", part of the meaning that I >> get is "universals are innate". >> > >> >> So I'm wondering whether the term "UG" presupposes the notion of >> innateness, or whether it's neutral on that issue. >> > >I think this is an important, and interesting, question. Certainly, >within the currently dominant paradigm (Chomskian generative grammar), >the use of the term Universal Grammar presupposes a particular approach >to the explanation of language universals: the explanation from >innateness. Researchers working within the functional-typological >approach, however, often reject the innateness argument, but still >refer to Universal Grammar. A small number (at least I think its a >small number!) of linguists are seeking a more unified approach to the >explanation of language universals. These researchers also refer to >Universal Grammar. > >The question is: are these UGs the same thing? > >I think the main difference is that the innatist argument suggests >that there is an innate mechanism for acquisition which more or less >_is_ UG. This UG is apparent from single language studies, language >pathology research, research on acquisition, and -- to a limited >extent -- from cross-linguistic studies. So, _given_ UG, we should >expect to see similarities between languages, ie. 'universals' in the >traditional sense. I was waiting to see what came in before having my $2 worth. I'll try to limit it to $0.02 for now... There is a difference between universals, or better language universals, and UG. Pike was talking about Language in relation to Behavioural Universals, back in the 60s and earlier (see e.g. Ken Pike, Language in relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior, Mouton, 2nd edn?, 1967). The universals NEED not bear any relationship with any formal definition of grammar, and therefore use of the term UG is prejudging the issue, and is INTRINSICALLY nativist as it presupposes that we share a universal GRAMMAR, as opposed to a set of Cognitive Mechanisms (some of) which MAY lie deeper. The term UG was introduced as an axiom (actually, it developed out of some so-called simplifying assumptions, which then grew to be treated as axiomatic). In fact, more and more evidence is coming to light of deeper, not intrinsically linguistic, mechanisms for universal linguistic behaviour, including mechanisms which can be derived in information theoretic terms, mechanisms which are employed in another sensory-motor modalites, mechanisms relating to the development of an ontology which extends beyond language, etc. These mechanisms can explain (as opposed to merely describe) certain phonological and syntactic effects (references available). We still have a way to go to explain all of language and language acquisition, but the nativist perspective is not universal, and the universals need not take the form of grammar. dP -- Dr David Powers (Assoc. Prof. / SIGART Editor) powers@sigart.acm.org Discipline of Computer Science UniOffice: +61-8-201-3663 The Flinders University of South Australia Secretary: +61-8-201-2662 GPO Box 2100, Adelaide South Australia 5001 Facsimile: +61-8-201-3626 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 08:26:11 +0000 From: Richard Hudson UCL Subject: UG Larry Selinker's query about whether Catalan is suitable for UG throws an interesting new light on Joe Stemberger's query about the meaning of UG. Joe assumes that UG must at least mean `to do with universals', but Larry's query makes me wonder. After all, if Catalan turned out not to be suitable for UG, then we find languages of the world dividing into two groups, UG and non-UG, with claims about UG applying only to those languages to which they apply. Would anyone working on UG count that as a serious possibility? Dick Hudson Dept of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT (071) 387 7050 ext 3152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-224. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-225. Fri 25 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 92 Subject: 5.225 Calls: Slavic linguistics workshop, MLA '94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 13:54:28 EST From: USERHEEM@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: slavic linguistics workshop 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 20:04:22 -0800 (PST) From: "Suzanne Fleischman" Subject: MLA '94--Lx and Lit sessions -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 13:54:28 EST From: USERHEEM@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: slavic linguistics workshop 3rd Annual Workshop on FORMAL APPROACHES TO SLAVIC LINGUISTICS May 14-15, 1994 University of Maryland College Park, MD Guest speaker IAN ROBERTS Call for papers: Abstracts are invited for 30-minute presentations on topics dealing with formal aspects of Slavic syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology and psycholinguistics. Send three copies of a one-page anonymous abstract and a card with your name, address and title of paper to: David Lightfoot, Department of Linguistics, Marie Mount Hall 1401 University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 ABSTRACTS MUST BE RECEIVED BY MARCH 21, 1994 Persons interested in attending are encouraged to register their address with David Lightfoot at DWL@UMDD.BITNET -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 20:04:22 -0800 (PST) From: "Suzanne Fleischman" Subject: MLA '94--Lx and Lit sessions Call for Absracts The MLA Division on Linguistic Approaches to Literature will be offering sessions at the '94 convention in San Diego (Dec. 27-30) on the following topics: --Reported speech and thought in literary and conversational narration --Grammatical gender and natural gender in fiction --Linguistic theories motivating literary writing Those interested should send abstracts only (no papers, please) by March 15 to: Prof. Suzanne Fleischman Department of French University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 e-mail: suzanne@garnet.berkeley.edu To participate in these programs you must be an MLA member as of April 1. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-225. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-226. Fri 25 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 88 Subject: 5.226 Qs: Serbo-Croatian book, Concordancing Programs, Epenthetic _n_ Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Feb 94 16:20:07 MST From: Mary Ellen Ryder Subject: Serbo-Croatian grammar book 2) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 11:41:15 +0000 From: msy@ukc.ac.uk Subject: Comments On Concordancing Programs 3) Date: Thu, 24 Feb 94 19:17:04 EST From: Loren Allen Billings -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Feb 94 16:20:07 MST From: Mary Ellen Ryder Subject: Serbo-Croatian grammar book I have a student who needs to find a grammar of Serbo-Croatian. He would prefer a regular descriptive grammar but a teaching grammar would be acceptable if that is all there is. It would be better if it were in English, but he can also read French. If you don't know of a grammar, articles on Serbo-Croatian (in English or French) would also be useful. Please respond to me at: renryder@idbsu.idbsu.edu Any and all suggestions will be greatly appreciated! Mary Ellen Ryder P.S. Many thanks for all the translations and comments for my foreign words from ads. I will be sending individual thanks and responses as soon as possible to all those who answered. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 11:41:15 +0000 From: msy@ukc.ac.uk Subject: Comments On Concordancing Programs Please post my query. Dear Fellow Linguist Subscribers I am currently working on an evaluation of the benefits of concordancing programs. My purpose is to look at how it can help in linguistic research. As all of you are professional linguists, I would like, and indeed it's my responsibility to hear your personal opinion about your experiences with this sort of program. Any comments on any programs and platforms (i.e. PC, mainframe) are welcome. When reply, please speify the program name and the platform you used. Looking forward to hearing from you. Meishu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 24 Feb 94 19:17:04 EST From: Loren Allen Billings I'm interested in any data or discussion of the epenthetic or "mobile" _n-_ that appears between Russian prepositions and 3rd-person personal pronouns, specifically the extension of this phenomenon to comparatives plus such pronouns, as in _vyshe nego_ 'taller than him'. I already have Robert Orr's Folia Slavica article "The origin of N- mobile in Slavic" (1987), as well as the sources listed therein (namely Hill 1977, Shevelov 1964 and Vaillant 1948). Any info would be appreciated. --LAB -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-226. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-227. Fri 25 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 110 Subject: 5.227 Qs: Aslian languages, Afrikaans & Hungarian, Transformations Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 11:49:12 EST From: gafos@mail.cog.jhu.edu Subject: Aslian languages and authors. 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 15:09:49 cst From: crudin@wscgate.wsc.edu Subject: Qs: Afrikaans, Hungarian 3) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 10:50 GMT From: HILTONM@WESTMINSTER.AC.UK Subject: RE: 5.138 Transformations -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 11:49:12 EST From: gafos@mail.cog.jhu.edu Subject: Aslian languages and authors. 1) I need references(*) to Aslian languages and dialects of the Malay Peninsula. I am particularly interested in the Senoic or Central Aslian group which includes languages like Temiar and Semai and their dialects (*: except those in Oceanic Linguistics No.13). 2) I would appreciate any information (location, e-mail, etc) on how could contact either one of the following two Austroasiatic linguists Geoffrey Benjamin or Gerard Diffloth Thanks-- gafos@mail.cog.jhu.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 15:09:49 cst From: crudin@wscgate.wsc.edu Subject: Qs: Afrikaans, Hungarian A student of mine would appreciate references on the following two topics: 1. the history and structure of Afrikaans, especially differences from Dutch and how/when these arose 2. the genetic affiliation of Hungarian (what's the status of the Uralic-Altaic connection these days?) Thanks in advance, Catherine -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 10:50 GMT From: HILTONM@WESTMINSTER.AC.UK Subject: RE: 5.138 Transformations Bill Bennett's comments on the ambiguity of The wall was sprayed with paint are apposite - though he has taken a different line from mine in this same posting. I think it is likely that almost all, if not *all* 'past participle' forms which can be used adjectivally will exhibit this ambiguity. This comes up with reasonable frequency in my classes - both translation as well as linguistics - and I put it to my students that there is a difference, though rather grey, between: The letter was beautifully written. (adj) and The letter was written beautifully. (verb) in that the first would refer to the content of the letter, and the second to the calligraphy. If anything the first remains ambiguous, the second, not. The categorial assignments of written are clear. If the "modifier" (not used in a strict linguistic sense because I want to use one term to refer to both 'beautifully's, and terminology varies so much between different schools!) cannot follow the participle, it must be an adjective. So to apply to Bill Bennett's type of example: *The cake was eaten half and perhaps more explicitly *The book was thumbed well. But does anyone have a clear judgement or unambiguous examples of the first. Mark Hilton University of Westminster hiltonm@uk.ac.westminster -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-227. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-228. Fri 25 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.228 Sum: Argument/Adjunct Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Feb 94 20:57:46 EST From: Robert Hamilton Subject: Sum: Argument/Adjunct -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Feb 94 20:57:46 EST From: Robert Hamilton Subject: Sum: Argument/Adjunct Several weeks ago I posted the query below on LINGUIST. I would like to thank Leslie Barrett, Paule Deane, Lloyd Holliday, Dean Mellow, Ingo Plag, and Geoffrey Russom for their helpful responses. ><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>><>< ORIGINAL QUERY: I am currently looking at data from second language learners of English which shows that relative clause formation on prepositional objects in PPs which are arguments to the verb (#1 below) is easier than that on objects in PPs which are (semantic) adjuncts to the verb (#2 below). 1. ... the paper that the teacher put a grade on 2. ... the bus that the boy did his homework on Could someone recommend relevant theoretical discussions of the argument/adjunct distinction in the syntax literature (i.e., dealing with the issue of theta- relatedness to the verb or the lack thereof). I am also interested in how this thematic distinction interfaces with phrase structure. ><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>< RESPONSES: Aans van Kemenade, 1987. Syntactic case and morphological case in the history of English. Foris: Dordrecht. Baker, M. 1988. Incorporation: A theory of grammatical function changing. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (incorporation limited to arguments) Deane, Paul. 1993. Grammar in mind and brain: Explorations in cognitive syntax. Mouton de Gruyter. (esp chps 1 & 5) -. "A cognitive theory of extraction", Cognitive Linguistics, 2.1 -. "Which NPs are there unusual possibilities for extraction from" Papers from the 24th regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society. (1988) Hawkins, (an article in Language several years back on processing distance and embedding--I couldn't find this) Mellow, J. D. 1989. "The argument - Non Argument distinction: An introduction and overview" unpublished ms, McGill University. -. 1989. "A syntactic analysis of noun incorporation in Cree. Thesis. McGill University. Nomi Erteshik-Schir. (any work by this researcher) Radford, A. 1988. Transformational Grammar. Cambridge UP. Rizzi, L. 1990. Relativized Minimality. MIT Press. Ross, J. (on noun squishes). Takami. 1993. Preposition Stranding. (don't know publish) Thanks again to all who responded! Robert Hamilton hamiltn@univscvm University of South Carolina -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-228. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-229. Sat 26 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 160 Subject: 5.229 Jobs: Lecturer at Macquarie University Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 04:39:46 +1100 (EST) From: Ken Willing Subject: Position: Lecturer, Linguistics: Macquarie University -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 04:39:46 +1100 (EST) From: Ken Willing Subject: Position: Lecturer, Linguistics: Macquarie University ANNOUNCEMENT OF POSITION IN LINGUISTICS: Macquarie University, Sydney NSW, Australia School of English and Linguistics LECTURER IN LINGUISTICS (Tenurable) Ref. 7194 The Linguistics Department seeks to appoint a person in the fields of Adult Literacy, Classroom Language Research and Second Language Curriculum to strengthen its commitment to these fields of Applied Linguistics. The appointee will have teaching duties spread across the linguistics undergraduate and graduate program and will have a particular responsibility for the Graduate Diploma in Language and Literacy Education. The successful applicant will have a PhD in Linguistics, Applied Linguistics or a related field with a strong language component, an will have extensive professional experience in adult language an literacy education with a focus on program development and delivery for both English and non-English-speaking clients. We expect a strong commitment to classroom language and literacy research, together with a record of effective working with professionals in the community and evidence of successful publicly funded policy research into language and literacy issues. Applicants will be effective teachers and will be able to demonstrate strong organisational and program development/management skills at undergraduate and especially post-experience graduate levels, and have a record of appropriate publications. Enquiries: Professor C N Candlin: (61) (2) 805-8740 fax (61) (2) 805-8240 Salary range: Lecturer [Australian]$41,000 to $48,688 per annum Further information about the University, conditions of appointment and the method of application should be obtained from the Recruitment Manager, Personnel Office, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109; or by telephoning (61) (2) 805-9746; fax (61) (2) 805-9748. Applications close 30 March, 1994. Applications will not be acknowledged unless specifically requested. ========================================================== Equal employment opportunity and No smoking in the workplace are university policies. ========================================================== INFORMATION FOR APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS LECTURER GRADE B IN LINGUISTICS LINGUISTICS AT MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY The Linguistics Department is located within the School of English and Linguistics, which also includes English Literature, including Early English, and Mass Communication. Professor Christopher N Candlin is Professor of Linguistics and Head of the Department of Linguistics within the School and is responsible for the general oversight and encouragement of teaching and research in Linguistics. The Head of School, who is elected for a three-year term from Professors, Associate Professors and Senior Lecturers, is currently Mr David Blair, who is a Senior Lecturer in Linguistics. With its intensive undergraduate and graduate programs, its 103 staff (including technical and support staff) its four Research Centres, and its Clinical Research Centre, the Linguistics Department is the largest such Department in Australia. There are over 400 postgraduate coursework students and over 70 research students within a major section of our academic program. Linguistics at Macquarie concerns itself with both the study of language and its various uses and applications in society. It focuses on interconnecting theoretical, descriptive and applied studies which target problems and issues in human communication. It has close relationships with disciplines as diverse as Sociology, Psychology, Modern Languages, Education, Physics, Information Technology, Biology, Computing, Law, Philosophy, and Management. The Linguistics Department offers an undergraduate degree program up to Honours degree level and a range of postgraduate degrees: Master of Applied Linguistics, MA in Deafness and Communication Studies, MA in Communication Disorders, Postgraduate Diploma in Audiology, MA in Audiology, Postgraduate Diploma in Editing and Publishing, Postgraduate Diploma in Language and Literacy Education as well as vigorous research degree programs at MA (Hons) and PhD. Complementing the teaching work of the Department are a number of Research Centres: the National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, (a Commonwealth Key Centre for Teaching and Research), the Speech, Hearing and Language Research Centre, the Dictionary Research Centre, the Centre for Language in Social Life and the Macquarie Clinical Research Centre. The Linguistics Department has a superior record in attracting outside funded and sponsored research both from public and private sectors. Department staff play an important role in outside consultancy and public and community service. Through the research facilities of its various Centres the Linguistics Department at Macquarie can offer an unmatched range of resources in Australia for postgraduate study, ranging from extensive technical and computer support in its laboratories, its own Resources Centre with on-line access to the University Library and to national and international databases, its own Independent Learning Centre for research into second language teaching and learning, its specialised book and non-book collections, its Materials Development and Design Centre and its Clinical Research Centre. Further information concerning Departmental teaching programs, research activity and postgraduate research is available from the Head of Department, Professor Christopher N Candlin Tel: 61-2-805 8740 Fax: 61-2-805 8240 APPLICATIONS: Applications must be forwarded to the Recruitment Manager, Personnel Office, Macquarie University, N.S.W. 2109 Australia by 30th March 1994. C.J. CASHMAN DIRECTOR PERSONNEL -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-229. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-230. Sat 26 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 138 Subject: 5.230 Qs: Reference, Phonological rules, Global rules, Spatial Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 16:12:35 +0100 From: monique@gia.univ-mrs.fr (Monique Rolbert) Subject: reference 2) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 21:30:10 -0500 From: kuhns@world.std.com (Robert J Kuhns) Subject: Query - English Phonological Rules 3) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 19:24:28 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Whatever happened to global rules in syntax 4) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 12:03:00 -0800 From: emmorey@salk-sc2.salk.edu (Karen Emmorey) Subject: Spatial descriptions -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 16:12:35 +0100 From: monique@gia.univ-mrs.fr (Monique Rolbert) Subject: reference I'm looking for the exact reference of : Lauri Karttunen (1968) : What makes Definite Noun Phrases definite. Merci d'avance Monique Rolbert Laboratoire d'Informatique de Marseille France monique@gia.univ-mrs.fr -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 21:30:10 -0500 From: kuhns@world.std.com (Robert J Kuhns) Subject: Query - English Phonological Rules I am looking for rule sets mapping English to IPA for use in a transliteration system. I am aware of the Hunnicutt paper in the American Journal of Computational Linguistics (1976). Are there any other research/commercial rule sets available? I will summarize responses to the list. Thanks in advance, Bob Kuhns ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 19:24:28 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Whatever happened to global rules in syntax I am wondering if anyone knows what ever happened to the phenomena which in the 1970's were shown not to yield to elegant solutions in transformational terms but to require global rules. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 12:03:00 -0800 From: emmorey@salk-sc2.salk.edu (Karen Emmorey) Subject: Spatial descriptions In English (and many languages), the canonical ordering in simple locative descriptions is to indicate the Figure (the object being located) prior to the Ground (the object with respect to which the Figure is located): a) The cup is on the table. b) The apple is in the bowl. In American Sign Language, the reverse order is standard: a) TABLE CUP CYLINDRICAL-OBJECT-BE-LOCATED-ON-FLAT-SURFACE. b) BOWL APPLE ROUND-OBJECT-BE-LOCATED-INSIDE-CYLINDRICAL-OBJECT. The final expressions in these examples are classifier constructions in which each hand represents an object, and the spatial relation between the hands indicates the locative relations. The hand representing the Ground remains static, and the hand representing the Figure moves into the appropriate spatial relation (e.g., for (a) a C handshape rests on the back of a flat hand, and in (b) a "loose" 5 handshape is upside down (palm down) next to a "wide" C handshape). My question is: are there other languages in which the Ground is described prior to the Figure? I am concerned not with discourse level phenomena in which the Ground is mention first (e.g. "In the right hand corner, you will find the desk"); rather I'm interested in the types of descriptions given in (a) and (b), i.e., simple sentence-level descriptions produced in reponse to questions like: "Where's X?". And for linguists who are familar with other signed languages, do these languages follow the pattern I have described for ASL, i.e. Ground before Figure? One question of theoretical interest is whether this ordering phenomenon is due to the visual modality of sign languages. That is, because space itself is used to relate spatial relations, the location must be described before the object can be located. On the other hand, the ordering may be a result of a linguistic system in which classifier constructions are used, rather than prepositions (of course, these two explanations may be linked). If there is enough interest in this issue, I will summarize for the list. Karen Emmorey Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla, CA 92037 USA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-230. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-231. Sat 26 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 72 Subject: 5.231 Calls: 1st Int'l Colloquium on Deixis Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 17:07:24 EST From: Joachim Knuf Subject: Call for papers: 1st Int'l Colloquium on Deixis -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 17:07:24 EST From: Joachim Knuf Subject: Call for papers: 1st Int'l Colloquium on Deixis Dear colleagues: please speed this on its electronic way! Thank you very much. Joachim Knuf, Communications, U of KY TIME, SPACE, AND IDENTITY The First International Colloquium On Deixis December 2 - 4, 1994 College of Communications and Information Studies University of Kentucky The College of Communications and Information Studies, University of Kentucky, invites you to submit papers and abstracts for a colloquium on deixis, to be held Friday, December 2, to Sunday, December 4, at the University of Kentucky. The theme of this yearUs colloquium, TIME, SPACE, AND IDENTITY, suggests a wide range of topics for our discussions, focusing on the ways in which temporal, spatial, and personal information is incorportated into talk and texts. We would like to bring together a wide range of scholars with interests in linguistics, discourse and conversation analysis, language and social interaction, pragmatics, semiotics, anthropology, psychology, cognitive science, and all others who concern themselves with deixis. Theoretical or methodological contributions are as welcome as case studies of deixis in context. A registration fee of $50.00 ($15.00 for students) will pay for buffet lunches and refreshments. The publication of a volume of essays from the colloquium is under negotiation with a leading academic press. Please send two copies of abstracts or finished papers to the colloquium organizer: Joachim Knuf, Department of Communication, 127 Grehan Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0042, (606) 257-7805, E-mail: jknuf@ukcc.uky.edu The deadline for submissions is May 30, 1994. The final program will be sent out to participants by the end of June. Manuscripts completed by December 31, 1994, will be reviewed for inclusion in the conference proceedings. An e-mail listserve has been set up to facilitate the conference organization. If your local host does not support the RtellS command, mail the message Rsub deixis firstname lastnameS to listserv@ukcc.uky.edu to receive conference mailings. A contingent of hotel rooms has been reserved; details will follow with registration information. Please circulate this announcement among your colleagues and students! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-231. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-232. Sat 26 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 90 Subject: 5.232 Double modals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 17:25:35 MST From: Marianna Di Paolo Subject: Re: 5.196 Double Modals 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 10:11 GMT From: HILTONM@WESTMINSTER.AC.UK Subject: RE: 5.131 Qs: Textual Materials, Double Modal, Instituto de Verano -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 17:25:35 MST From: Marianna Di Paolo Subject: Re: 5.196 Double Modals >I've encountered double modals in rural Arizona, presumbably the >result of southern migration. "Might could" and "may would" are >acceptable; but *might would and *may could. >Bill King Univ. of Arizona wking@ccit.arizona.edu I also have numerous citations of double modals I have collected in Utah, but the set of possible items is more extensive than what Bill King has found in Arizona. I have long thought that a thorough study of Mormon migration history might lead to evidence for a Southern American connection and explain how double modals got here as well as the near mergers of tense/lax vowels before /l/ found in Utah. Marianna Di Paolo -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 94 10:11 GMT From: HILTONM@WESTMINSTER.AC.UK Subject: RE: 5.131 Qs: Textual Materials, Double Modal, Instituto de Verano In vol 5-131, Joyce Neu asks raises the question of double modals in English. I can't offer any analytical suggestions on it, but the message comes timely upon its cue, so to speak, in that on Monday I was working with a class. While talking about grammaticality and acceptability judgements, I tried them out on a form that my grandmother used to use: You won't can do it. So I pass it on. My father tried to find out from her what she would say in unreals: You wouldn't can do it. or You wouldn't could do it. but if he succeeded, I never got to know the answer. Biographical Note: My grandmother came from Carlisle in (then) Cumberland in the English Lake District. She started life as some kind of a maid in a large house - a 'tweeny' I think - but then married my grandfather, a coal-miner. She was basically uneducated, but taught herself to read and write. Although I only remember her using the local 'English', she must have been able to speak true Cumbrian dialect, because I remember my father saying that my grandmother's own mother couldn't speak 'English' but could understand it. He learnt to understand her Cumbrian, though he couldn't speak it. So he spoke his RP standard English to her and she spoke to him in Cumbrian. Are there any linguists out there who know Cumbrian? Mark Hilton School of Languages University of Westminster 9 -18 Euston Centre London NW1 3ET hiltonm@uk.ac.westminster -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-232. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-233. Sun 27 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 111 Subject: 5.233 Qs: Discourse analysis, Sanskrit fonts, Chinese, Statistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 11:50:45 -0700 (MST) From: meehan1@carina.unm.edu (Teresa M. Meehan) Subject: software 2) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 11:15:32 -0600 From: Chen Shu-Fen Subject: IBM fonts for Sanskrit 3) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 06:43:47 -0800 (PST) From: Minglang Zhou Subject: translation software 4) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 13:48:47 +1000 From: l.m.fosse@easteur-orient.uio.no (Lars Martin Fosse) Subject: Statistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 11:50:45 -0700 (MST) From: meehan1@carina.unm.edu (Teresa M. Meehan) Subject: software Does anyone know of a reasonably inexpensive, user friendly, PC compatible software package for doing discourse analysis on ethnographic-type data? Any information is of value since I currently have none at all. Thanks! Teresa Meehan University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 (505) 277-6353 Meehan1@carina.unm.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 11:15:32 -0600 From: Chen Shu-Fen Subject: IBM fonts for Sanskrit Does anyone know there are IBM fonts for Sanskrit? I know that there is a font called "Nagari" on Macs, but not for IBMs. Please e-mail me directly. If anyone is interested, I will post the information. Best, Shu-Fen Chen Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 06:43:47 -0800 (PST) From: Minglang Zhou Subject: translation software I am interested in translation software (from English to Chinese and Chinese to English). Any recommendations and experience with such software are appreciated. I will pose a summary if there is sufficient information or interest. Minglang Zhou University of Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 1994 13:48:47 +1000 From: l.m.fosse@easteur-orient.uio.no (Lars Martin Fosse) Subject: Statistics Does anybody have any experience with a statistics package for the Macintosh called StatView, or any other statistics package for the Mac. Please give me a short evaluation! Best regards, Lars Martin Fosse Lars Martin Fosse Department of East European and Oriental Studies P. O. Box 1030, Blindern N-0315 OSLO Norway Tel: +47 22 85 68 48 Fax: +47 22 85 41 40 E-mail: l.m.fosse@easteur-orient.uio.no -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-233. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-234. Sun 27 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 191 Subject: 5.234 Quantifiers Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 94 15:57:05 est From: Carpenter Subject: quantifiers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 94 15:57:05 est From: Carpenter Subject: quantifiers This message was originally constructed in response to David Gil's posting about why people try to come up with 'complex' theories of quantification. Hopefully, this will be interesting to a wider audience than just those who are following Gil's thread. The points address those raised in Gil's original message. Point 1) There is an added complication with 'two men love three women' in that you have plural noun phrases. This leads to interactions of scope with distributive and collective readings. The 'standard wisdom' for these can be found in the non-theory-bound paper of Davies (_Linguistics and Philosophy_ 1989, 293--324), "Three examiners marked six scripts", the Heim, Lasnik and May _Linguistic Inquiry_ paper on reciprocity (1991), containing a GB version, or I could send anyone who's interested my own unpublished CG account. Davies most clearly states the possible readings for such a sentence, based on TWO quantifiers for each noun phrase: Exists X, a set of two men Exists Y, a set of three women ( forall x in X (distributive) OR for some x formed of a group of X (collective)) ( forall y in Y (distributive) OR for some y formed of a group of Y (collective)) alternated so that there are no free variables (there are well-founded mechanisms for guarnteeing this in both Cooper-storage, Montagovian, GB and HPSG accounts). These possibilities account for the four readings you suggest, along with the other possibilities, most clearly seen in cases such as Davies'. These readings (with your possibilities in brackets): Exists X, forall x in X, Exists Y, forall y in Y love(x,y) [I] Exists X, forall x in X, Exists Y, some group y of Y love(x,y) Exists X, some group x of X, Exists Y, forall y in Y love(x,y) Exists X, some group x of X, Exists Y, some group y of Y love(x,y) [IV] Exists Y, forall y in Y, Exists X, forall x in X love(x,y) [II] Exists Y, forall y in Y, Exists X, some group x of X love(x,y) Exists Y, some group y of Y, Exists X, forall x in X love(x,y) Exists X, Exists Y, forall x in X, forall y in Y love(x,y) [III] The other readings, from different scopings, are all logically equivalent to one of the ones above. (Note that this assumes the hypothesis of Partee (ms) and later Roberts (1989) that the cumulative readings of Scha (1984?) are group-group readings, your reading IV.) Also note that none of these readings require branching quantifiers, but rather stem from grouping rather than distributing. Davies used branching quantifiers for the last case above, your III, as you suggest. But the analyses I just listed, basically those of Heim et al., show that they aren't necessary. Point 2) What's your empirical evidence that humans generate limited readings of quantifier scopings as opposed to those proposed in the theoretical semantics literature? Is it psycholinguistic, or did you just ask people in the null context? I'd suggest looking at: Howard Kurtzman and Maryellen MacDonald (1993) "Resolution of quantifier scope ambiguities", _Cognition_, 48:243--279. They conclude that scope preferences for readings are NOT structurally determined, but rather stem from preferences having to do with lexical semantics of the terms involved. And furthermore, they cite reaction time and priming evidence which indicates that multiple readings are computed in parallel on-line. Point 3) I didn't see the relevance of branching quantifiers. The only motivation for branching quantifiers with which I'm familiar (and I also asked Jon Barwise, albeit he was responding off the top of his head at a conference) involves the sentences above which Heim et al. demonstrated don't need that additional device. So as far as I can tell, branching's inessential. Point 4) This is also undercut by the above discussion. As you claim that there are two equivalent readings, one with branching, and one with wide-scope existential, I don't see that you can conclude that: "(1) should accordingly be represented not with wide scope for the existential quantifier (as per alternative (a) Point 3), but rather with branching universal and existential quantifiers (as per alternative (b) Point 3) -- contrary to Claim B above." End of response to your arguments. And by the way, Davies does respond to Kempson and Cormack (1981: Linguistics and Philosophy), who as far as I can understand Davies' portrayal of K&C and your portrayal of your own arguments, are making similar points, and Davies also cites Tennant (Linguistics and Philosophy 1981) as responding to K&C's claims. I'm not sure your argument is coherent (reason (a)), because it's not stated precisely enough (which I guess is your reason (b)). For instance, what principle do you provide that will do the right thing for the following two sentences? A kid likes every toy. Every kid likes a toy. Here the problem is in the syntax/semantics mapping and making sure that you get the same scope altenations for both sentences (one branching, one wide-scope universal, if I understand you correctly). At this point in time, I'd also say that your argument is fairly irrelevant, given the analyses of Heim et al., which can be easily transferred from GB to your favorite syntactic theory. Note that there is no 'elaborate theoretical edifice' which has been built to get the above readings. They're very natural -- just look at the Heim et al. article. And I don't see how you can get around something similar for quantifier scoping and still get all the possible readings, even if you do allow branching, which itself goes beyond classical first-order logic, if that's your base-line for determining what's an 'elaborate theoretical edifice'. Furthermore, how do you account for the interaction of quantifiers with control, unbounded dependencies, extraction islands, coordination, de-dicto/de-re intensional verbs, negation, adverbs, adjuncts, embedded sentences, etc.? My own theory, in logical Categorial Grammar (Lambek style + scope) minus the plurals, can be gotten via anonymous ftp in compressed format (use binary mode, then uncompress) on j.gp.cs.cmu.edu by cd-ing to /usr1/carp/ftp/ and getting the file quants.ps.Z (in binary mode, of course). I have to admit that I haven't read Aoun and Li's book. I find GB (or whatever acronymned theory has descended from it lately) pretty impenetrable at best, and assume it's in that framework. If it's as good as Heim et al., though, I'll gladly wade through it. I would assume they at least address the problems stated in the previous paragraph. Please send responses to me directly rather than to the list. I'll summarize and repost if there are multiple comments. - Bob Carpenter Computational Linguistics Program, Philosophy Department Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Net: carp@lcl.cmu.edu Phone: (412) 268-8043 Fax: (412) 268-1440 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-234. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-235. Mon 28 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 137 Subject: 5.235 Sum: Gender and miscommunication Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 17:00:43 +1300 From: Janet.Holmes@vuw.ac.nz Subject: Message to be posted -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 17:00:43 +1300 From: Janet.Holmes@vuw.ac.nz Subject: Message to be posted Gender and miscommunication Thank you to all those who sent me information in response to my request for references on this topic. Many many kind people sent me Tannen's book - I should have said I had noted that already but thanks anyway. In addition I collected the following references from lots of generous respondents. Janet Holmes GENDER AND MISCOMMUNICATION BIBLIOGRAPHY Boe, S. Kathryn 1987. Language as an expression of caring in women. Anthropological Linguistics 29, 3: 271- 285. Cameron, Deborah 1985. Feminism and Linguistic Theory. London: Macmillan. Coates, Jennifer 1986. Women, Men and Language. London: Longman. Edelsky, Carole. 1981.Who's Got the Floor? Language in Society 10: 383-421 Gilligan, Carol 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory andWomen's Development London, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Graddol, David & Joan Swann 1989. Gender Voices. London: Blackwell. Especially chapter 4. Henley, Nancy M. & Cheris Kramarae 1991. Gender, power and miscomunication. In Nikolas Coupland, Howard Giles & John W. Wiemann (eds.), 'Miscommunication' and problematic talk. London: Sage. 18-43. Holmes, Janet 1992 Women's talk in public contexts. Discourse and Society Vol 3, no.2: 131-150. [Copy in Linguistics library] Lakoff, Robin Tolmach 1990. Talking Power: The Politics of Language in our Lives. New York: Basic Books. Maltz, Daniel N. and Ruth A. Borker 1982. A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication. In J.J. Gumperz (ed.) Language and Social Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 196-216 Morgenthaler, Lynelle 1990. A study of group process: who's got WHAT floor? Journal of Pragmatics 14. 537-57. Muehlenhard and McCoy 1991. Double standard/double bind... Psychology of Women Quarterly 15:447-461. Ng, Sik Hung, and James J. Bradac. (1993) Power in Language: Verbal Communication and Social Influence. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. [Especially Chapter 6.] Singh, Rajemdra and Jayant K. Lele 1990. Language, power and cross- sex communication strategies in Hindi and Indian English revisited. Language in Society 19: 541-546. Spender, Dale 1980. Man Made Language. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Tannen Deborah (ed) 1993 Gender and Conversational Interaction.London: Oxford. Tannen, Deborah 1982. Ethnic style in male-female conversation. In J.J. Gumperz (ed) Language and Social Identity . Oxford: OUP. 217-231. Tannen, Deborah 1990. You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: William Morrow. Tannen, Deborah 1992. Response to Senta Troemel-Ploetz's 'Selling the apolitical'. Discourse and Society Vol 3, no 2: 249-254. Troemel-Ploetz, Senta 1991. Review essay: selling the apolitical. [Review of Tannen (1990)] Discourse and Society Vol 2, no 4: 489-502. Reviews of Tannen's book Tannen, D. 1993. You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Philos Rhet V26 N1:61-62. Tannen, D. 1992 Nov. You Just Don't Understand Women and Men in Conversation J Pragmatic V18 N5:507-514. Tannen, D. 1992 Oct. You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Fem Psychol. V 2 N3:465-468. Tannen, D. 1992 You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Mod Sprak V85 N185:85. Tannen, D. 1991. July-Dec. You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Social Rev. V21 N3-4:201-205. Tannen, D. 1992 Jun. You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Lang Soc. V21 N2:319-324. Tannen, D. 1992 Spring You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Signs V17 N3:666-671. Tannen, D. 1991 Winter. You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Publ. Relat V17 N4:418-419. Tannen, D. 1991 Aug. 24 Speaking Across the Gender Gap New Sci. V131 N1783:36-38. Tannen, D. 1991 Aug.24 You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation New Sci. V131 N1783:36-38. Tannen, D. 1991 Jun. You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation Sex Roles V24 N11-1:785-787. Tannen, D. 1990 Aug.5 You Just Don't Understand - Women and Men in Conversation N.Y. Times R. Aug:8-9. holmesj@matai.vuw.ac.nz Janet Holmes, Linguistics Department, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600. Wellington, New Zealand. (04) 4721000 X8796. Fax:(O4) 4712070 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-235. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-236. Mon 28 Feb 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 71 Subject: 5.236 Confs: GURT '94 Preconference Tutorials Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 15:06:47 -0500 (EST) From: GURT@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: GURT '94 Preconference Tutorials -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 15:06:47 -0500 (EST) From: GURT@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: GURT '94 Preconference Tutorials PRECONFERENCE TUTORIALS March 13, 1994 Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1994 The preconference tutorials will be held in the Intercultural Center of Georgetown University on Sunday, March 13. Tuition is $75.00 per tutorial. Please contact the individual organizers for more information. Concordances and Corpora for Classroom and Research Catherine Ball, Ph.D., Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. 20057-1068, 202/687-5812 or cball@guvax.georgetown.edu In this tutorial, we will survey free and commercial sources for electronic text corpora and will provide a critical review of concordancers as tools for discovering facts about language. The tutorial will include a demonstration of a popular scanner (HP and OCR package for creating electronic text, and we will use Internet resources to find and retrieve free texts in various languages. Participants will be introduced to a suite of concordancers. There will be opportunity for hands-on use of our textual resources on both Macs and PCs, including the above-mentioned concordancers, major text corpora and collections, and several on-line dictionaries and encyclopedias on CD-ROM. Participants will receive a copy of the tutorial notes (including fact sheets for each area covered), and those who bring diskettes may take away copies of the freeware. Enrollment is limited to 15 participants. Criterion-Referenced Curriculum and Test Development for Language Teachers and Administrators, Jeff Connor-Linton, Ph.D. Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057-1068 202/687-6156 or connorlinton@guvax.georgetown.edu This workshop is intended for second and foreign language teachers and administrators at all levels of education. A model process for "bottom-up" teacher development of a proficiency-oriented, criterion-referenced second/ foreign language curriculum and testing program will be described. The development process is designed to enhance articulation and coherence between levels of instruction and to foster communicating teaching practices. Tools for Computer-Aided Analysis of Language Acquisition Data: Training in Use of COALA, Catherine Doughty, Ph.D. Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057-1068 202/687-6252 or doughtyc@guvax.georgetown.edu The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce participants to a soon-to-be- released software package designed for the automated analysis of language acquisition data. COALA (computer-aided linguistic analysis; Pienemann, Jansen, and Thornton 1992) is essentially a relational database with an interface offering the language analyst a transcription aid, coding tools, analysis tools (formulaic searching), and report generation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-236. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-237. Tue 01 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 116 Subject: 5.237 Qs: Czech, Determiner-Phrases, Plausibility, Relative clause Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 27 Feb 1994 10:37:28 -0500 (CDT) From: THATHAWAY@vz.cis.umn.edu Subject: Czech Translator 2) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 1994 23:53:15 +0800 (WST) From: "James K. Tauber" Subject: Query: References on Determiner-Phrases 3) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 1994 10:53:26 +0500 From: presnik@caesar.east.sun.com (Philip Resnik - Sun Microsystems Labs BOS) Subject: Children's argument plausibility judgements 4) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 94 15:01:15 GMT From: kersti.borjars@manchester.ac.uk (Kersti Bo"rjars) Subject: Query:establishing relatives -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 27 Feb 1994 10:37:28 -0500 (CDT) From: THATHAWAY@vz.cis.umn.edu Subject: Czech Translator Is anyone aware of a computer program that will translate Czech into either English or German? - Ted Hathaway, Minneapolis Public Library thathaway@vz.cis.umn.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 1994 23:53:15 +0800 (WST) From: "James K. Tauber" Subject: Query: References on Determiner-Phrases I'm interested in references to work on determiner-headed phrases and the DP-hypothesis. I'm aware of Abney 1987. What work has been done since within a GB context or otherwise? James Tauber Undergraduate Student, Centre for Linguistics University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 1994 10:53:26 +0500 From: presnik@caesar.east.sun.com (Philip Resnik - Sun Microsystems Labs BOS) Subject: Children's argument plausibility judgements I'm looking for data on children's judgements of argument plausibility -- that is, the semantic or conceptual "goodness of fit" of a nominal argument with a predicate like an adjective or verb. One source that I know of is Landau and Gleitman (1985), who report exchanges like this with a blind child: Experimenter: Could a cow be red? Blind child: I think they're usually brown or white. Experimenter: Could an idea be green? Blind child: No, silly! They're only in your head. and another is Keil (1979). There have been some finer-grained studies with adults on this topic (e.g. asking subjects to answer questions like "How likely is it for someone to interview a reporter?" on a 1-to-5 scale), and ideally I'm hoping someone has figured out how to get that sort of data from children. Thanks! Philip -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 94 15:01:15 GMT From: kersti.borjars@manchester.ac.uk (Kersti Bo"rjars) Subject: Query:establishing relatives Could someone tell us where the term 'establishing relative clause' comes from? We felt reasonably certain that it had been around for a while and that it started life in one of the good old works on grammar (Jespersen, Poutsma, Kruisinga etc.), but we haven't been able to find it. It seems such a useful notion that we would really appreciate your help in finding a reference to it. Thanks, Kersti Bo"rjars ***************************************************************************** Kersti Bo"rjars Tel +44 (0)61-275 3042 Department of Linguistics Fax +44 (0)61-275 3187 University of Manchester e-mail kersti.borjars@man.ac.uk Oxford Road Manchester M13 0XS U.K. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-237. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-238. Tue 01 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 141 Subject: 5.238 Qs: Lexicography, Color terms, Identification, Pragmatics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 09:54:08 -0800 From: James Ssemakula Subject: software for lexicography 2) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 94 23:43:00 RSA From: Melissa Bortz <053BORT@witsvma.wits.ac.za> Subject: Use of Colour Terms in African Languages 3) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 16:17:02 -0700 (MST) From: parkinsonD@yvax.byu.edu Subject: Identify this language 4) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 17:33:04 -0500 (EST) From: Ron Fein Subject: indefiniteness & quantification -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 09:54:08 -0800 From: James Ssemakula Subject: software for lexicography Hi y'all? Does anyone know what software packages are used for lexicography on PCs? Where can they be obtained (& prices)? what is the cheapest? what is the best? Are there any shareware or freeware floating around? Can one use the package PRO-CITE for lexicography? I am looking for something that is EASY to use. _PLEASE_ reply directly to me as I am not on this list. My e-mail address is james@watserv.ucr.edu. Thank you kindly, james ssemakula uc riverside ps: what about on the Mac? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 94 23:43:00 RSA From: Melissa Bortz <053BORT@witsvma.wits.ac.za> Subject: Use of Colour Terms in African Languages I would be very grateful if anyone could send me in the direction of informatio n concerning the use of colour terms in African Languages, particularly the Bantu or Benue-Kongo languages. I am interested in both the traditional use of colour, for example the term luhlaza referring to green and blue, the many different shades of brown used to refer to cattle. I also would appreciate any information anyone would have about any code-switchingthat has occured in the use of colour, eg using terms that retain prefixes but have `English stems'. Any ideas on the reaso for this switch would also be appreciated. Thank you very much. Melissa Bortz Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology University of the Witwatersrand P O Wits, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa 053bort@witsvma.wits.ac.za -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 16:17:02 -0700 (MST) From: parkinsonD@yvax.byu.edu Subject: Identify this language A local school is producing Kismet and the director wants to know about the language of one of the songs which the "Middle Eastern" natives are supposed to sing. I don't recognise it at all. Of course, it could just be nonsense words that the composer made up. Does anyone recognize the language of the following text, and/or can you tell me what it means? E Zubbediya bala knizu Degnishbu yama naya y baba y baba dai E Zubediya boru knani Infala dishbu dnaya Ekben kura Pasha Ekben kiru hani Zubediya ish kabai! Thanks, Dilworth Parkinson -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 17:33:04 -0500 (EST) From: Ron Fein Subject: indefiniteness & quantification Hi, I know very little about pragmatics so apologies if this is a FAQ. I have been doing some research on the Russian genitive of negation and I have been led to the hypothesis that indefiniteness is the pragmatic interpretation of existential quantification (hence, quantification at LF). That is, an indefinite NP is interpreted as existentially quantified, whereas a definite NP is interpreted as some sort of free variable, which could be bound by a sentence-external antecedent. To put it another way, an NP is pragmatically interpreted as indefinite if and only if it is existentially quantified at LF. Does this sound reasonable to people? Are there any readily available references either agreeing or disagreeing with this proposal? Thanks! Ron Ron Fein | 60 Linnaean St. #216, Harvard University fein2@husc.harvard.edu | Cambridge, MA 02138-1560 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-238. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-239. Tue 01 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 88 Subject: 5.239 FYI: Tennet 5, Linguistics at Minnesota, Correction Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 1994 15:50:34 -0500 (EST) From: whitakeh@ere.umontreal.ca (Whitaker Harry A.) Subject: alert 2) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 20:48:39 -0600 (CST) From: Jeanette K Gundel-1 Subject: Linguistics at Minnesota 3) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 07:19:36 EST From: bvel11@phoney.boeing.com (Leo Obrst) Subject: e-mail address correction -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Feb 1994 15:50:34 -0500 (EST) From: whitakeh@ere.umontreal.ca (Whitaker Harry A.) Subject: alert Information on the TENNET 5 conference, May 29-31, 1994 in Montreal, and the FLOURENS History Conference, June 1-2, 1994 in Montreal, may be obtained by E-mail from Harry Whitaker: whitakeh@ere.umontreal.ca Warning: it is a large file which includes the programs for both of these conferences as well as registration information. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 20:48:39 -0600 (CST) From: Jeanette K Gundel-1 Subject: Linguistics at Minnesota As many of you know, the Linguistics Dept. at the Univ. of Minnesota was closed 2 years ago and new admissions to the graduate program (MA and PhD) were temporarily suspended. I am very happy to announce that after 2 years of hard work and negotiations ADMISSIONS TO THE PHD PROGRAM IN LINGUISTICS HAVE BEEN REOPENED. We have made some changes in our curriculum (mainly cutting back on courses required of all students), have expanded our graduate faculty to include linguists and psycholinguists from various units and have identified 3 main areas of focus: (1) language acquisition (1st and/or 2nd) (2) language processing (3) core linguistics - phonology, syntax, semantics/pragmatics especially as these interface with acquisition or processing We can begin admitting a small number of students (3-5) for Fall 1994 and we especially welcome applications from students interested in one of the 3 focus areas mentioned above. To all of you who provided support in the past few years, in the form of letters, advice and general good will, a very big thank you from all of us. Jeanette Gundel, Director of Graduate Studies, Linguistics, Univ. of Minnesota -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 94 07:19:36 EST From: bvel11@phoney.boeing.com (Leo Obrst) Subject: e-mail address correction To respondents whose mail bounced, my posted e-mail address was wrong (re: "these men and women") and should have been: obrst@pgate.he.boeing.com Sorry for the inconvenience. Leo Obrst -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-239. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-240. Wed 02 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 134 Subject: 5.240 Qs: Imitation, Gender differences, Idiom, UPen corpus Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 12:42:33 +0100 From: Duncan.Markham@ling.lu.se Subject: Imitation and impersonation 2) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 10:54 GMT From:: spnair@main.qmced.ac.uk Subject: Query: What makes a boy sound like a boy and not a girl...? 3) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 18:11:34 -0500 (EST) From: HUETTNER@cgi.com Subject: Idiom question 4) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 13:48-0600 From: Kate Joly Subject: UPen corpus -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 12:42:33 +0100 From: Duncan.Markham@ling.lu.se Subject: Imitation and impersonation I'm looking for references/sources/anecdotes relating to imitation and impersonation of human speech and speakers by human speakers. This includes cognitive, neurophysiological, sociolinguistic, and psycholinguistic processes, as well as perceptual/productional phonetics, language acquisition and accent acquisition. ANY information from these areas relating to imitation and impersonation phenomena, processes and abilities would be greatly appreciated. Duncan Markham ****************** Duncan.Markham@ling.lu.se Dept of Linguistics and Phonetics (Phonetics Section) Lund University, Sweden. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 10:54 GMT From:: spnair@main.qmced.ac.uk Subject: Query: What makes a boy sound like a boy and not a girl...? Hello! I am a postgraduate student working at Edinburgh, Scotland, UK and my research topic is "Acoustic gender differences in the speech of 4 - 5 year old children". I'm aware of the many differences in LANGUAGE between boys and girls at an early age, however relatively little work has been done on the actual sounds of their speech. Research has shown that adult listeners can tell the differences between boys and girls at this age. The balance of opinion is that there are no major physiological differences between the sexes as regards the vocal organs prior to puberty, so if there is an acoustic difference between the voices of the sexes (which there must be if adults can perceive a difference) then it must be due to other factors. What is the difference? Does it manifest itself in formant frequency differences? or fundamental frequency differences? Rates of correct gender judgements depend partly on the type of speech sample, but are 70_75% at best. Why are some children identified better than others? What are the implications for theories of language acquisition? Are there any linguists or sociologists out there who might like to comment, or can anyone give me any references (I already have lots, but the more the merrier...). I'm uncertain at the moment of what theoretical standpoint I intend to adopt - this issue can be approached from the view of language acquisition or Nature vs. Nurture or a theory of voice quality.... I'm looking forward to hearing from you! Moray Nairn e-mail: spnair@main.qmced.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 18:11:34 -0500 (EST) From: HUETTNER@cgi.com Subject: Idiom question Can anyone give me any information on the idiomatic expression "My withers are unwrung"? It seems to mean something like "This doesn't upset me", but I'm not sure. How about its etymology? It doesn't seem to have anything to do with horses or laundry. Thanks, -- Al Huettner -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 13:48-0600 From: Kate Joly Subject: UPen corpus I'm trying to find out if it's true that UPen has a large, public-domain corpus of sentences tagged with things like part of speech information. If anyone knows anything about it, can correct me in any way, or can tell me who to ask about it, I would be grateful. - Kate Joly -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-240. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-241. Wed 02 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.241 Double modals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 94 19:40:54 GMT From: alex@compapp.dcu.ie (Alex Monaghan) Subject: Re: 5.232 Double modals 2) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 94 16:51:35 +0100 From: Subject: double modals -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Feb 94 19:40:54 GMT From: alex@compapp.dcu.ie (Alex Monaghan) Subject: Re: 5.232 Double modals having attempted to mail this to the originator of the query without success, i'm posting it to the list as the subject is still receiving attention. double modals: very common in scots english, with at least the following possibilities: i'll can go tomorrow i'll not can go tomorrow i might can go tonight i might will can go tomorrow i might will go tomorrow for references, ask jim miller (jmiller@cogsci.ed.ac.uk): he may have some. cheers, alex. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 94 16:51:35 +0100 From: Subject: double modals The use of so-called "double modal" constructions is quite common in the South and Southwest. I come from Dallas originally, and such constructions as you have cited are common there in everyday speech, and they serve a real linguistic purpose: modal forms such as 'could' and 'should' are ambiguous in Modern English, as they have both an indicative and a subjunctive sense. For example, "I could come" can mean either "I was able to come" (past indicative of 'can') or "I would be able to come" (subjunctive). In German, the two forms are distinct: "ich konnte kommen" vs. "ich koennte kommen". The use of double modal constructions with 'may' or 'might' serves to reintroduce this distinction. Thus, for a Southerner, "I might could come" or "I may could come" carry the subjunctive meaning, whereas "I could come" is only indicative in meaning. The difference between 'may could' and 'might could' is subtle; 'might could' seems to be a bit less certain than 'may could', but many people use only 'might could' or both expressions interchangeably. Similar arguments apply to 'may should' and 'might should'. Here, 'may' and 'might' appear to weaken the obligation sense of 'should'. Concerning the forms which you did not hear, such as 'may can', 'should could', etc.: 'may' and 'might' are the only elements which can occur first in a double modal, since they (esp. 'might') have the strongest sense of expressing possibility as opposed to certainty. Therefore, they are used to express the subjunctive senses. The second element can only be 'could' or 'should' since these alone are ambiguous; 'may can' is unlikely, since 'can' only has an indicative sense. I hope this makes the situation a little clearer. The use of double modals in Southern American English fills a gap in Standard English grammar, namely the loss of inflectional distinction in English between indicative and subjunctive modals. Dialect or regional forms are often more progressive in gap-filling than is a standard language. Consider the sad case of 'you', which is ambiguous in Standard English between singular and plural meanings. Here the regional forms have been quite productive: "y'all" in the South (***only plural!!!!***) or similar forms elsewhere. Happy language researching, Tom King -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-241. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-242. Wed 02 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 104 Subject: 5.242 Varia: Lateral fricatives, Ergative verbs, IPA policy Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 12:14:44 +1100 (EST) From: j.guy@trl.oz.au (Jacques Guy) Subject: Re: 5.220 Sum: Lateral fricatives 2) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 11:50:39 +1100 (DST) From: bert peeters Subject: Ergative verbs and Chomskyan grammar 3) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 10:16:05 +0000 From: jcoleman@vax.ox.ac.uk Subject: IPA policy -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Feb 1994 12:14:44 +1100 (EST) From: j.guy@trl.oz.au (Jacques Guy) Subject: Re: 5.220 Sum: Lateral fricatives > From: MARC PICARD > Subject: Lateral fricatives summary > > A couple of weeks ago I asked whether lateral fricatives were > considered to be [+strident] or [-strident]. > There were a couple of other references to Peter Ladefoged's > A COURSE IN PHONETICS but since there were important differences between > the three editions, I decided to ask him personally, and he replied: > My problem with a direct answer is that I do not use the feature Strident. > I prefer Sibilant, which is nearly the same, but is defined as the > property of fricatives that have energy made by a jet of air striking > an obstacle. The Austronesian language spoken in Shark Bay, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, has the following fricative phonemes: /f/ an unvoiced, rounded, labiodental (one allophone: // a voiced bilabial) // an unvoiced interdental /s1/ an unvoiced, grooved, apico-alveolar /s2/ an unvoiced, grooved, lamino-alveolar (the apex is held behind the lower teeth) This system cannot be accounted for within the existing set of binary features. It would seem to me, then, that the problem of lateral fricatives is a problem only due to the inadequacy of the binary-feature model. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 11:50:39 +1100 (DST) From: bert peeters Subject: Ergative verbs and Chomskyan grammar A recent LINGUIST summary contains the claim that categories in Chomskyan- style linguistics are by definition clear-cut and that no vagueness or fuzziness is acknowledged. Now, ergative verbs have never been identified, as far as I know, with the help of just one clear-cut criterion. Most people seem to argue that there are several sufficient but not necessary conditions for ergativity. Legendre, for instance, posits about 8 or 9 such criteria and proclaims that once 1 criterion is met the verb is ergative. Others (Ruwet for instance) do not go that far, but still propose 2 or 3 criteria. Isn't it the case then, that ergative verbs are a fuzzy category in generative grammar, and that a verb can be more or less fuzzy according to the number of criteria for ergativity that apply to it? Just curious. Bert Peeters --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 10:16:05 +0000 From: jcoleman@vax.ox.ac.uk Subject: IPA policy John Koontz (koontz@alpha.bldr.nist.gov) asks: > Why would it be a policy mistake to include in a > phonetic transcription system (i.e.) the IPA > a symbol for > transcribing a phone that is never a phoneme? The reason is that IPA policy is to reserve letters of the alphabet for those sounds which are phonemic in some language, in the hope that it will then only be necessary to use diacritics for subphonemic detail. --- John Coleman -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-242. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-243. Wed 02 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 102 Subject: 5.243 Jobs: French ling; Japanese Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 26 Feb 1994 9:46 AM CST From: ALICE DAVISON Subject: French linguistics 2) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 16:02:05 -0600 (CST) From: Greg Iverson Subject: Japanese Lecturer Position -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 26 Feb 1994 9:46 AM CST From: ALICE DAVISON Subject: French linguistics FRENCH LINGUISTICS- University of Nantes Three positions are announced in the Departement de Lettres Modernes, University of Nantes (France), beginning September, 1994. Two are senior positions, the third a junior position. a) Senior position in French linguistics, no 09PR0087. Qualifications include the ability to teach the history of the French language, the classical language (16-17th centuries), and stylistics. b) Senior position in general linguistics and French linguistics, c) Junior position (Maitre de conferences) in general and French linguistics. For the last two positions, applicants should have competence in some combination of syntax, morphology and phonology, especially as they relate to French. Send inquiries or applications to: Benoit de Cornulier, 1 place du Marechal Louis Seize, 44000 Nantes, France; telephone 40 37 07 61 or 40 72 32 35. Bernard Bolo, Directeur de la Section de Linguistique, Department de Lettres Modernes, Faculte des Letrres, 44036 Nantes (France) Tel. 40 14 10 10, Fax 40 14 10 05. (Home telephone 40 50 33 90). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 16:02:05 -0600 (CST) From: Greg Iverson Subject: Japanese Lecturer Position The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Linguistics, invites applications for an appointment as a full-time Lecturer of Japanese to begin in the Fall of 1994. The successful applicant will receive a one-year contract as a memeber of the Academic Staff with the title of Lecturer. This appointment is a probationary academic staff appointment; as such it is renewable annually and may lead to permanent status. Applicants should have at least a B.A. and preferably an M.A. in a relevant discipline, such as linguistics, Japanese language, Japanese literature or second-language acquisition. Native or near-native proficiency in standard Japanese and English required, plus at least three years experience in teaching introductory and intermediate level language courses at the university level. The succesful candidate will play a major role in an expanding program involving the UW-Milwaukee and Marquette University joint Center for International Studies, a U.S. Department of Education sponsored National Resource Center, and will be teaching students from both universities. Send letter of application, curriculum vitae, and evidence of language teaching experience along with three letters of reference to Professor David Buck, Chair, Japanese Search Committee, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, before April 15, 1994. Women and minority candidates are especially invited to apply: AA/EOE. The names of those nominees and applicants who have not requested that their identities be withheld and the names of all finalists will be released upon request. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-243. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-244. Wed 02 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 160 Subject: 5.244 The need for fund contributions Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 15 Feb 94 14:40:30 -0500 From: hdry@emunix.emich.edu (Helen Dry) Subject: 94 contributions -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- Dear Subscribers, We would like, once again, to thank those of you who have made a 1994 contribution to the LINGUIST Development Fund. We haven't received many contributions, however; and perhaps that's because we haven't explained to you exactly why we need you to make an annual donation. We're reluctant to highlight the negative aspects of running the list, since overall it is a very gratifying endeavor. But perhaps we need to be more explicit about the economics (both of time and of money) which are involved. LINGUIST now has over 4700 subscribers (only 40% of whom are American); and it has started a number of new enterprises like book discussions and announcements which require a good deal of personal attention. Personal attention, too, is required to deal with all the mail we get "behind-the-scenes": address changes, bounced mail, questions about various postings or policies--all these increase exponentially the more new subscribers we get. LINGUIST posted over 1000 issues last year; to do that we processed almost 2 million e-mail messages. Yet we still have only the same amount of institutional support that we had when the list numbered only 1200 subscribers. That is, Anthony gets 1 course-release per year for running the list; and Helen gets a graduate assistant on 1/4 support (i.e., expected to work 8-10 hours a week). Luckily, this year that assistant has been Ron Reck, who gives far more time than he's expected to. And Brian Wallace has also pitched in, giving his time _gratis_. But--much as we might like to delay the graduation of these 2 stalwart helpers-- both will soon be receiving their M.A.'s and leaving us. If LINGUIST is to continue, we must find a way to support additional graduate student editors--and on a continuing basis. The Development Fund is the idea we came up with to address this problem. With the money we collected last year, we'll be able to fund 2 graduate student assistant editors for the 1994-95 school year. But unless the fund is replenished this year, we'll be unable to continue LINGUIST in 1995-96. Last year, of 3600 subscribers, approximately 60 individuals and 10 institutions made a contribution. Of the $6000 we collected, about $3000 came from individual contributions. So, you see, when we say "we sincerely appreciate the generosity of the individuals institutions listed below," we mean it! If you think LINGUIST is valuable to the discipline, there are some things you could do to help insure its continuation: * contribute (address below) * suggest that your department make a contribution * tell your publisher about the book announcements. The book announcements are a service to subscribers, not a business deal (hence we announce books from non-profit publishers, those with very small linguistics lists, and others who do not contribute to the Development Fund). But we have asked commercial publishers who announce regularly to make a voluntary contribution; and so far none have refused. In fact, certain linguistics publishers have been very supportive of LINGUIST (you see their names at the end of each of these "thank-you" messages). So, rather than posting an announcement of your own book, do us a favor and ask your editor to post it. That way, we get the chance to add your publisher to our list of supporters. * and, if you have other good ideas, let us know. You sent us a number of good ideas in response to our year-end message; and we'll be posting a summary of those soon. Unfortunately, however, many ideas that would save time in the end take a lot of time at the beginning to implement (e.g., splitting off sub-lists like job lists and conference postings). So, along with ideas, we still need editorial support. Please send your contributions to: The EMU LINGUIST Development Fund c/o The Dept of English Language and Literature Eastern Michigan U. Ypsilanti, MI 48197 Contributions of any size are very much appreciated. And we extend our heartiest thanks to the 1994 contributors listed below. -Helen & Anthony Helen Dry and Anthony Aristar Moderators, LINGUIST -------------------------- 1994 Contributors: Anonymous Raimo Antilla Linda Coleman E. Dean Detrich Stanley Dubinsky Shiela Embleton Julia Falk Kathryn Harris Frances Ingemann Brian Joseph Mark Kas Edith A. Moravcsik Carol Neidle Catherine Rudin Shuichi Yatabe $50 or over Garland Bills E. Wayles Browne Karen Jensen (w/matching funds from MICROSOFT) Diane Peterson (w/matching funds from MICROSOFT) $100 or over Vicki Fromkin JOHN BENJAMINS, INC. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICACO PRESS Support Pledged: THE MIT PRESS KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCS. SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS CSLI PUBLICATIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-244. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-245. Wed 02 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 77 Subject: 5.245 Book Available: General ling Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Once again, we are posting notices of new books and/or software which are available for discussion. If you would like to lead a discussion on one of the available works, you should contact Barbara Johnstone at: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu We expect that commentary will be informal and interactive, and we hope that the author(s) of the works will join in. Anthony & Helen ------------------------------ Pinker, Steven THE LANGUAGE INSTINCT, 1994, 494 pages, US $23.00 library cloth edition. William Morrow & Co., Inc (see UCP Listserv for ordering information). General language and psycholinguistics. A popular science trade book explaining all aspects of human language, unified in a Darwinian framework: language and thought; universality and innateness; syntactic, morphological, and phonological theory; speech; parsing; pragmatics; universals and diachronic change; acquisition; neurology; genetics; evolution; prescriptiveness; human nature. Orders: Wm. Morrow Orders Dept., Wilmor Warehouse, 39 Plymouth St., Fairfield, NJ. Available for review. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-245. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-246. Wed 02 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 58 Subject: 5.246 Confs: Women and Lang Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [Moderators' note: we'd appreciate your limiting conference announcements to 150 lines, so that we can post more than 1 per issue. Please consider omitting information useful only to attendees, such as information on housing, transportation, or rooms and times of sessions. Thank you for your cooperation.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 20:57:27 -0800 From: bwlg@garnet.berkeley.edu -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 20:57:27 -0800 From: bwlg@garnet.berkeley.edu *****CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT******* We proudly announce the Third Berkeley Women and Language Conference, "Communication In, Through, and Across Cultures". The conference will be held April 8-10, 1994 at the Berkeley Conference Center in Berkeley, CA. Invited Speakers include: Celia Alvarez Susie Bright Jennifer Coates D. Letitia Galindo Leanne Hinton Sachiko Ide William Leap Faye McNair-Knox Marcy Morgan Susan Philips Deborah Tannen Keith Walters If you would like a conference schedule and a registration form, please email: bwlg@garnet.berkeley.edu. (And we'll have OUTIL t-shirts on sale!) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-246. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-247. Thu 03 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 124 Subject: 5.247 Qs: Medical, Gothic corpus, Fricative vowels, Pharyngeals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 02 Mar 94 10:10:10 EST From: cirnoet@aol.com Subject: Q: Medical dicts and text 2) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 22:34:30 GMT From: ljuba@ling.su.se (Ljuba Veselinova) Subject: Question on Gothic Corpus 3) Date: Thu, 03 Mar 1994 16:31:18 +1000 From: John Hajek Subject: fricative vowels 4) Date: Thu, 03 Mar 94 10:52:40 IST From: wendy sandler Subject: pharyngeals and voice -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 02 Mar 94 10:10:10 EST From: cirnoet@aol.com Subject: Q: Medical dicts and text I am interested in tracking down any electronically available MEDICAL dictionaries, wordlists, and even corpora for a project I am working on. Any help to point me in the right direction would be appreciated. I will gladly post a summary to the list for other interested parties. Thanks in advance for any help, Gillian Smith email: cirnoet@AOL.com phone: 603/672-6151 fax: 603/672-8025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 22:34:30 GMT From: ljuba@ling.su.se (Ljuba Veselinova) Subject: Question on Gothic Corpus I am Ph.D. student in linguistics in Stockholm and I am doing a research work on Gothic. Does anyone know of the existence of a Corpus in Gothic? I am thankful for all help. Ljuba -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 03 Mar 1994 16:31:18 +1000 From: John Hajek Subject: fricative vowels Subject: Time:16:25 OFFICE MEMO fricative vowels Date:3/3/94 topic: fricative vowels from: john hajek (Univ of melbourne) I am trying to track down languages (and descriptions of such languages - in any language) that are reported to have fricative vowels. Mandarin Chinese is a classic example: it has so-called "apical vowel" allophones (of /i/) after coronal affricates and fricatives, e.g [sZ] where [Z] is an apical fricative vowel. I am especially interested in languages that have "non-homorganic" fricative vowels, eg some minority languages in Southern China which have phonemic "apical vowels" after all consonants regardless of place, eg. [lZ]. The phonetic description of such vowels is indeterminate, and in the case of Chinese authors disagree as to whether it is a vowel or simply a syllabic fricative. I have sketchy reports of fricative vowels in Africa, but no details. Any references (inc acoustic/phonetic descriptions) would be appreciated. john_hajek@muwayf.unimelb.edu.au -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 03 Mar 94 10:52:40 IST From: wendy sandler Subject: pharyngeals and voice If anyone out there knows of any phenomena of the following sort, I would be very grateful for information about them: processes that spread pharyngeal and laryngeal features (especially voice) together processes that delink pharyngeal and laryngeal features (especially voice) together, i.e. that neutralize pharyngeal-laryngeal and voice distinctions in some environment any other process that treats pharyngeal, laryngeal, and voice features as one class. Please send answers/comments to me at the above address. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-247. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-248. Thu 03 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 167 Subject: 5.248 Confs: Conference in Berlin, Organization in Discourse Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 17:23:48 GMT From: chriss@skyline.asg.AG-Berlin.MPG.DE Subject: Conference in Berlin 2) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 22:45:39 +0200 From: Brita Warvik Subject: Conf: Organization in Discourse -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 17:23:48 GMT From: chriss@skyline.asg.AG-Berlin.MPG.DE Subject: Conference in Berlin --- Begin Included Message --- Inaugural Conference on Universal Grammar and Typological Variation Berlin, 17-19.3.1994 17. 3. 94: 9.00-9.30: Coffee, Registration 9.30-10.00: Welcome 10.00-11.00: Paul Kiparsky (Stanford/Berlin) To be announced 11.00-11.40: Tracy Alan Hall (Berlin) "Coronal Fricative Inventories" 11.40-12.20: Caroline Fery (Tuebingen) "German Umlaut in Optimality Theory" 12.20-13.00: Renate Raffelsiefen (Duesseldorf) "The Typology of Prosodic Words" 13.00-14.30: Lunch 14.30-15.10: Chris Wilder (Berlin) "Coordination, ATB and Ellipsis" 15.10-15.50: Hubert Haider (Stuttgart) "Towards a Theoretical Foundation of the Typology of Extraposition" 15.50-16.20: Coffee Break 16.20-17.00. Wolfgang Wurzel (Berlin) "On Markedness" 17.00-17.40: Johanna Rubba (Temecula) "Two Models of Discontinuous Morphology" 17.40- 18.40: Wolfgang Dressler (Vienna) "Universals, Typology and Modularity in Natural Morphology" 20.00: Evening Reception 18.3.94: 9.30-10.30: Rita Manzini (Florence) "Dependencies, Ordering and Locality" 10.30-11.10: Gaberel Drachman (Salzburg) "Some Properties of Clitics" 11.10-11.30: Coffee break 11.30-12.10: Christer Platzack/Inger Rosengren (Lund) "The Imperative Verb Mood and its Relation to Functional Heads" 12.10-12.50: David Adger (York) "Reconstruction, Economy and the Mapping Hypothesis" 12.50-14.30: Lunch 14.30-15.10: Paul Law (Montreal) "Argument Binding in Malagasy" 15.10-15.50: Dieter Gasde/Waltraud Paul (Berlin/Paris) "TopicP and Complex Sentences in Chinese" 15.50-16.20: Coffee break 16.20-17.00: Thomas Stroik (Morehead) "Kayne's Universal Word Order Hypothesis and Psych-Verbs" 17.00-17.40: Anoop Mahajan (Los Angeles) "Universal Grammar and the Typology of Ergative Languages" 17.40-18.40: Jamal Ouhalla (London) "Genitive Subjects and VSO Order" 19.3.94: 9.30-10.30: Hans den Besten (Amsterdam) "Progress and Failures in the Analysis of Germanic Verb Raising" 10.30-11.10: Elly van Gelderen (Groningen) "Universals and Minimalist Features" 11.10-11.30: Coffee break 11.30-12.10: Heike Wiese (Berlin) "Numbers and Numerals" 12.10-12.50: Johan van Auwera (Antwerpen) "On the Typology of Negative Position in Phasal Quantifiers" 12.50-14.30: Lunch 14.30-15.10: Ekkehard Koenig/Martin Haspelmath (Berlin) "Internal and External Possessor Constructions in the Languages of Europe" 15.10-15.50: Renate Steinitz (Berlin) "Towards a Revision of Universal Category Features" 15.50-16.20: Coffee break 16.20-17.00: Ewald Lang (Berlin) "Basic Dimension Terms: A Look at Universal Features and Typological Variation" 17.00-18.00: Gisbert Fanselow (Potsdam)) "Minimal Syntax" Alternate: Martin Haspelmath (Berlin) "Implicational Universals in the Distribution of Indefinite Pronouns" --- End Included Message --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 22:45:39 +0200 From: Brita Warvik Subject: Conf: Organization in Discourse ***** O R G A N I Z A T I O N I N D I S C O U R S E ***** Turku, Finland, 10-14 August, 1994 The English Department of the University of Turku will be hosting a conference on Organization in Discourse. Sections are planned on topics dealing with linguistic aspects of textual organization in, for example, speech and writing, and in narrative and scientific discourse. The plenary speakers will be Douglas Biber, Svetla Cmejrkova, Ulla Connor, Nils Erik Enkvist, Jan Firbas, Michael Hoey, Jan-Ola Ostman and Eija Ventola. Our first circular received a delightfully ample response from discourse enthusiasts all over the world: at the moment we have almost one hundred registrations and more than half of them include a proposal for a paper. If you would like to participate in the conference, please send your REGULAR MAIL address to sakata@sara.utu.fi. We will then send you conference information with the final registration form. The deadline for final registration and abstracts is 31 March 1994. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-248. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-249. Fri 04 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 151 Subject: 5.249 French, Semitic meat/bread, Chimps, Contrastive repetition Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 94 11:50:48 EST From: shuychon@mehta.anu.edu.au (Y. Shum) Subject: Translating French To English 2) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 07:17:57 +1030 From: mcconvell_p@uncl04.ntu.edu.au Subject: Query: Semitic meat/bread 3) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 13:39:06 -0500 (EST) From: gb661@csc.albany.edu (BROADWELL GEORGE AARON) Subject: Can Chimps Talk? 4) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 94 14:58:41 +0200 From: jlindstr@waltari.Helsinki.FI (Jan Krister Lindstrom) Subject: Contrastive repetition -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 94 11:50:48 EST From: shuychon@mehta.anu.edu.au (Y. Shum) Subject: Translating French To English Hi there, I'm interested in any software which could translate a French document into English document. If anybody know of any, I hope to be informaed about it. Thanx. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 07:17:57 +1030 From: mcconvell_p@uncl04.ntu.edu.au Subject: Query: Semitic meat/bread Some time ago I posted a summary of replies to my query on meat/fish polysemy/semantic change (apologies, incidentally, for making a mistake with Stavros Macrakis' name there). Since then I have received a few more bits of information (meat/fish polysemy in Melanesia - it would be good to know its distribution; deer/"ruminant"/meat polysemy in North America - cf. Indo-European). One that particularly intrigued me was the observation from R.Hoberman (SUNY, Stony Brook) that Arabic laHm means 'meat' and Hebrew leHem 'bread' with the comment that perhaps this has to do with the ancestral groups being respectively pastoralists and agriculturalists. Assuming these are cognates, what do Semiticists/Afro-Asiaticists reconstruct as the meaning of this root in the proto-language(s) and has anyone mounted a full argument about the semantic change being related to ecology/economy? Patrick McConvell Anthropology Northern Territory University PO Box 40146 Casuarina NT 0811 Australia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 13:39:06 -0500 (EST) From: gb661@csc.albany.edu (BROADWELL GEORGE AARON) Subject: Can Chimps Talk? The PBS series Nova aired an episode entitled "Can Chimps Talk?" a week or so ago. I'm familiar with the critiques of the Gardner's work with the chimp Washoe, and with the Terrace material on Nim. However, I had not previously seen tape of Sue Savage-Rumbaugh working with the pygmy chimpanzee Kanzi. I was moderately impressed, and her work did not seem to suffer from the same laundry list of complaints that I learned in grad. school -- in particular, there seemed to be reasonable controls for inadvertant cues from the experimenter, bias in interpretation, etc. I'd like to show this film in an introductory linguistics class, but I'd like to be pointed to work that critiques Savage-Rumbaugh's work with Kanzi and other pygmy chimpanzees. I am already familiar with Joel Wallman's recently published *Aping language*. Can LINGUIST readers point me to other discussion? Thanks, ****************************************************************************** Aaron Broadwell | `To anyone who finds that grammar is a Dept. of Anthropology | worthless finicking with trifles, I Dept. of Linguistics and | would reply that life consists of Cognitive Science | little things; the important matter is Albany, NY 12222 | to see them largely' -- Jespersen, 1925 gb661@thor.albany.edu | ****************************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 94 14:58:41 +0200 From: jlindstr@waltari.Helsinki.FI (Jan Krister Lindstrom) Subject: Contrastive repetition I have been dealing with semantic and pragmatic issues related to iterative coordination -- i.e. structures like: a geat, great man, or He's getting better and better. These examples were English but my focus is actually on the phenomon in Swedish. Having excerpted and analysed a range of instances I have come across with a pragmatically rather speacial use of conjoined repetition (that I term "Contrastive repetition"). The usage is typically colloquial and dialogic, the repetition being a reaction to (or against...) an item in a previous utterance/sentence. It can look like this: Ex. -- Du har en ny blus. -- Ny och ny, jag k|pte den i v}ras. Transl. -- You've got a new blouse. -- New and new, I bought it last spring. The function of this repetition seems to be to give a critical emphasis on an item as regards its content. Repetition signals that the item may be understood in at least two ways in its context, or that the item may be understood in a relative rather than an absolute sense. In the above example, e.g. 'You can say perhaps "new", but my blouse is not really/absolutely new'. Now what I would like to know is if a similar kind of a phenomenon is natural in other languages than Swedish (I know it's used in Finnish). Is my English translation, for instance, correct usage or just a one-to-one copy of the Swedish model? Could you please provide some examples? And if you happen to know about any work in this field (also in Swedish or Finnish), please let me know! I will send a summary. Thanks in advance, Jan Lindstrom Dept. of Scandinavian Languages University of Helsinki Finland -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-249. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-250. Fri 04 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 122 Subject: 5.250 Qs: Arabic/Persian fonts, Gramcord, Collective numerals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 94 17:12:13 EST From: will@franklin.com (William Dowling) Subject: request for Arabic/Persian fonts 2) Date: Thu, 03 Mar 1994 12:14:38 -0600 (CST) From: SWAECHTER@UTMEM1.UTMEM.EDU Subject: Gramcord for Macintosh 3) Date: 3 Mar 94 16:26:20 BST From: TONY HALL Subject: Collective Numerals/Quantifiers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 1 Mar 94 17:12:13 EST From: will@franklin.com (William Dowling) Subject: request for Arabic/Persian fonts I am looking for Arabic and/or Persian fonts that I can use in software I am writing. Free would be nice, but I am willing to pay for a good comercial font if I wouldn't also have to pay royalties on a per unit basis. Just about any format would be ok. Thanks for any suggestions, Will Dowling (will@franklin.com) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 03 Mar 1994 12:14:38 -0600 (CST) From: SWAECHTER@UTMEM1.UTMEM.EDU Subject: Gramcord for Macintosh The Gramcord Institute has recently released acCordance and Gramcord for the Macintosh. This software is capable of searching the Greek New Testament according to user-defined grammatical, syntactical, positional, and lexical constructions. Future modules include the Hebrew Old Testament and the Septuagint. Several English translations are available. I am in the process of building a group of individuals interested in purchasing acCordance and Gramcord. The software normally sells for $350, but substantial discounts are available to group buyers (starting at 24% for a group of 3, 32% for a group of 6, and up). For more information on acCordance and Gramcord and to express your interest in a group purchase, please contact: Steve Waechter Mid-America Bpatist Theological Seminary 1255 Poplar Memphis TN 38104 901-448-5214 swaechter@utmem1 (bitnet) swaechter@utmem1.utmem.edu (internet) If you will give me your fax number, I can also send a four-page brochure with more information on the program. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 3 Mar 94 16:26:20 BST From: TONY HALL Subject: Collective Numerals/Quantifiers I am interested in those languages that have both CARDINAL numerals [NumK] and COLLECTIVE numerals [NumColl] (however they may be defined) and the different (or matching) syntactic scope of each. I am familiar with the Slavonic languages (which I teach) and some of the linguistic theory attached to them; I have also encountered studies carried out in Maltese, Georgian, Irish, and Arabic. (References can be supplied) I should like examples of the following: - where a language has the option of CARDINAL vs. COLLECTIVE - A. collocations that FORCE [NumColl] B. collocations that BLOCK [NumColl] C. collocations that FAVOUR [NumColl] D. collocations that FAVOUR [NumK] The results I shall post once the data have been received. Please reply to me directly at: A.R.Hall@uk.ac.bham Thanking you all in anticipation for your help. Tony Hall.********************************************************************** *** Tony Hall *** Department of Russian Language *** University of Birmingham *** Edgbaston Tel: +44 (0)21 414 3227 *** Birmingham B15 2TT Fax: +44 (0)21 414 5966 *** United Kingdom Email: A.R.Hall@uk.ac.bham ********************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-250.