________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-351. Fri 25 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 106 Subject: 5.351 New Books: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) osuwpl lst (Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics) cornell lst (Cornell University Press) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ PHONETICS Sook-hyang Lee and Sun-Ah Jun (eds.) PAPERS FROM THE LINGUISTICS LABORATORY OSU Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 43, 1994. 130pp. $12 payable to "The Ohio State University". Send orders to OSU WPL, Dept. of Linguistics, 222 Oxley Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. 11 papers on experimental phonetics, the third issue from the linguistics Laboratory, the Ohio State University. Authors: Ken de Jong, Sun-Ah Jun, Gina Lee, Janet Fletcher, Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson, Benjamin Ao, Monica Crabtree, Claudia Kurz, Sook-hyang Lee, Ho-hsien Pan, and Islay Cowie. Details from lingadm@ling.ohio-state.edu PHONOLOGY K.P. Mohanan, Dept. of Linguistics, Stanford University, CA, USA: THE THEORY OF LEXICAL PHONOLOGY. In this paperback reprint Mohanan outlines that the theory of lexical phonology has its roots in the tradition of both SPE phonology and classical phonemics. The central question addressed concerns the nature of the relation between phonological, morphological and syntactic processes. The focus shifts from the rules themselves to the properties of the (lexical, syntactic, and post-syntactic) modules in which the rules apply. The result is a theory that represents an advancement in the tradition of generative phonology. 228 pp. 90-277-2227-7. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Email vander Linden@wkap.nl. Picard, Marc (TESL Centre, Concordia Univ, Montreal, QC, Canada); PRINCIPLES AND METHODS IN HISTORICAL PHONOLOGY: From Proto- Algonkian to Arapaho; Cloth 0-7735-1171-7; 160pp.; $55.00; McGill- Queen's Univ Press. -- Arapaho, a western Algonkian language, is still spoken on the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming. Phonologically modern Arapaho looks very "un-Algonkian", for it has undergone a rather startling number of sound changes. In this study Picard attempts to use the phonological history of Arapaho as a vehicle to explore various possibilities for making accurate inferences about the chronological order of sound changes. His ultimate goal is to provide a methodology that can be applied successfully to other languages that, like Arapaho, have no recorded history. This book is due out in May 1994. To order: 416-667-7791 Or in Canada: 1-800-565-9523; VISA/MasterCard accepted. MORPHOLOGY Booij, Geert; Free University of Amsterdam; Van Marle, Jaap; P.J. Meertens Inst.; Yearbook of Morphology 1993; HB 0-7923-2494-3; 325 pp., Kluwer Academic Pub.'s; Email vanderLinden@wkap.nl The `Yearbook of Morphology 1993' focuses on Prosodic Morphology, i.e the interaction between morphological and prosodic structure on the semantics of word formation, and on a number of related issues in the realm of inflection: the structure of paradigms, the relation between inflection and word formation, and patterns of language change with respect to inflection. There is also discussion of the relevance of the notion `level ordering' for morphological generalizations. All theoretical and historical linguists, morphologists, and phonologists will want to read this volume. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-351. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-352. Fri 25 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 103 Subject: 5.352 New Books: Syntax, Semantics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) osuwpl lst (Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics) cornell lst (Cornell University Press) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ SYNTAX Tateishi, Koichi. (University of Massachusetts, Amherst); The Syntax of "Subjects," Pb. xiii + 339 pp., Ph. D. diss., 1991. $16 (+ S/H). Graduate Linguistics Student Association (GLSA), University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Three questions are addressed: (i) What is the subject in Japanese? (ii) What is the topic in syntax? (iii) Where is the theta-marked external argument in the syntax? For further information, contact glsa@linguist.umass.edu. Osvaldo Jaeggli & Ken Safir: THE NULL SUBJECT PARAMETER. This paperback reprint contains a collection of articles exemplifies one of the most exciting developments in recent syntactic theory, namely, the ``principles and parameters'' approach to linguistic typology. The articles examine the nature of the most discussed of all such parameters, the `Null Subject Parameter' (also known as the ``PRO-drop Parameter''), as it appears (or fails to appear) in a wide variety of natural languages. 320 pp. 1-55608-087-5. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Email vander Linden@wkap.nl. SEMANTICS Schwarzschild, Roger. (University of Massachusetts, Amherst); On the Meaning of Definite Plural Noun Phrases, Pb. xi + 213 pp., Ph. D. diss., 1991. $16 (+ S/H). Graduate Linguistics Student Association (GLSA), University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Do multiply plural NPs ("the boys and the girls") differ semantically from simply plural NPs ("John and Mary" or "the boys")? The "union theory" and the "sets theory" are contrasted in their answer to this question. For further information, contact glsa@linguist.umass.edu. Wilkinson, Karina. (University of Massachusetts, Amherst); Studies in the Semantics of Generic Noun Phrases, Pb. x + 154 pp., Ph. D. diss., 1991. $16 (+ S/H). Graduate Linguistics Student Association (GLSA), University of Massachusetts, Amherst. This dissertation is concerned with the representation of generic NPs. Topics discussed: the semantics of bare plurals, the analysis of NPs that contain common nouns such as 'kind,' 'sort,' and 'type.' For further information, contact glsa@linguist.umass.edu. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-352. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-533. Fri 25 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 120 Subject: 5.533 New Books: Ling Theory, Formal and Computational Ling Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) osuwpl lst (Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics) cornell lst (Cornell University Press) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ LING THEORY Banreti Zoltan, ed.: PAPERS IN THE THEORY OF GRAMMAR. Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest 1994. x, 289 pp. US $ 5 (incl. postage). ISBN 963 8461 71 3. Distributed by the editor (banreti@ny01.nytud.hu). This book is a collection of papers on syntax and modeltheoretic semantics. The list of authors includes M. Brody, K. E.Kiss, L. Kalman, among others. Several of the papers address the issue of modularity in the theory of grammar; other papers focus on problems concerning the syntax--semantics interface, e.g. thematic roles, or the contribution of NPs and topic--comment structure to sentence aspect. Argumentation is based extensively on data from Hungarian. FORMAL LING Walter J. Savitch & Emmon Bach: THE FORMAL COMPLEXITY OF NATURAL LANGUAGE. This is a paperback reprint which comprises research papers on the formal (mathematical) structure of natural language. In addition to older classic papers, the collection includes papers on such current topics as GPSG and modern categorial grammar. Although it addresses a number of mathematical questions and even includes some formal mathematics, the book is accessible to all linguists, even if they have only limited formal training in mathematics. Most of the papers deal with questions about the fit between formal theories of syntax and the empirical data on natural language. 472 pp. 1-55608-047-6. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Email vander Linden@wkap.nl. Edward L. Keenan & Leonard M. Faltz: BOOLEAN SEMANTICS FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE. This is a paperback reprint. 400 pp. 90-277-1842-3. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Email vander Linden@wkap.nl. Taisuke Nishigauchi: QUANTIFICATION IN THE THEORY OF GRAMMAR. In this paperback reprint Taisuke Nishigauchi presents a theoretically-oriented discussion of various issues in the syntax and logical structure of natural language. The primary data on which theoretical claims are made are drawn from Japanese-type languages. It also contains a discussion of related phenomena in English. The first part of the book treats the nature of the locality principle and is written in a relatively non-technical format. The second part looks at the problem of the quantificational force of WH-phrases. 256 pp. 0-7923-0644-9. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Email vander Linden@wkap.nl. MATHEMATICAL LING MATHEMATICS OF LANGUAGE: Special Issue of "Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence". (Edited by W. Zadrozny et al.), Volume 8, 1993 is now available from the publisher. Table of content: (1) A. Manaster-Ramer, Introduction to Mathematics of Language; (2) W.J. Savitch, Why it might pay to assume that languages are infinite; (3) S. Zeitman, Somewhat finite approaches to infinite sentences; (4) M.P. Singh, A semantics for speech acts; (5) N. Correa, Attribute & unification grammar: A review and analysis; (6) J. Nerbonne, A feature based syntax/semantics interface; (7) D.E. Johnson and L.Moss, Some formal properties of stratified feature grammars; (8) M. A. Moshier, On completeness theorems for feature logics. Price: Sfr.148.25/US$ 106.00 To order: In the US: J.C. Baltzer AG, Science Publishers, P.O. Box 8577, Red Bank, NJ 07701-8577. (email: publish at baltzer.nl). All other countries: J.C. Baltzer AG, Science Publishers, Wettsteinplatz 10, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. (email: publish at baltzer.nl). COMPUTATIONAL LING COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY : Morphological Analysis and Generation, Lemmatization : BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Conrad F. SABOURIN 1994, 492p, ISBN=2-921173-01-8 prepaid US$ 80 INFOLINGUA inc., P.O. Box 187 Snowdon, Montreal, Canada, H3X 3T4 Number of references : Total = 2350, morphological analysis = 1300, morphological generation = 290, lemmatization = 260, etc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-533. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-534. Fri 25 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 80 Subject: 5.534 New Books: Romance Ling, Computational (translation) Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) osuwpl lst (Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics) cornell lst (Cornell University Press) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ ROMANCE LING Ashby, William J (UC-Santa Barbara) et al. (eds) LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVES ON ROMANCE LANGUAGES. SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE XXI LINGUISTIC SYMPOSIUM ON ROMANCE LANGUAGES, SANTA BARBARA, FEBRUARY 21-24, 1991 xxii, 404 pp. Cloth US:1 55619 557 5/EUR:90 272 3605 4 US$95.00/Hfl.170,-- John Benjamins. Contributions by: Y. Malkiel, C. Silva-Corvalan, O. Ducrot, A. Calabrese, P. Prieto, B. Tranel, M. L. Mazzola, D. de Jong, E. F. Tuttle, H. Jacobs, J. Klausenburger, J. Auger, G. Goodall, P. Bentvoglio, M. Aizawa Kato, J. Herschensohn, P. Garcia-Mayo, M. Champagne, M. E. Winters, D. Wanner, J. Martin, I. Laka, E. Vallduvi, F. Ocampo, R. J. Blake, R. Wright. COMPUTATIONAL LING Wright, Sue-Ellen & Leland D. Wright Jr. (Kent State U.). (eds.) SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TRANSLATION viii, 298 pp. Cloth US:1 55619 625 3/EUR:90 272 2217 7 US$45.00/Hfl. 85,-- John Benjamins Explores such topics in technical translation as: style and register, the contribution of translation to the dissemination of science, training requirements for technical translators, text typology and SGML, terminology activities. Number 6 in the ATA Scholarly Monograph series. Kay, Martin, Jean Mark Gawron, and Peter Norvig VERBMOBIL: A TRANSLATION SYSTEM FOR FACE-TO-FACE DIALOG CSLI Publications 1994 viii, 235 pp. Natural Language Processing US $17.95 (paper) $49.95 (cloth) ISBN 0-937073-95-4 (paper), 0-937073-96-2 (cloth) Distributed by The University of Chicago Press (1-800-621-2736) The "Verbmobil" system would input speech in a source language dialogue, translate it, and output synthesized speech in a target language, all in real time under the conditions of face-to-face dialogue. This book is an assessment of the state of the art of the speech recognition and machine translation fields, and a frank discussion of the challenges the developers of such a system face. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-534. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-535. Fri 25 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 90 Subject: 5.535 New Books: Acquisition, Dialectology, Genre Analysis Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) osuwpl lst (Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics) cornell lst (Cornell University Press) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ LANG ACQUISITION LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCS. Area: Language Acquisition Levy, Yonata (The Hebrew University, Israel) OTHER CHILDREN, OTHER LANGUAGES: ISSUES IN THE THEORY OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION; 0-8058-1330-6 [cloth] $79.95 ($39.95 special prepaid offer); 424 pp. This volume investigates the implications of the study of populations other than educated, middle-class, normal children and languages other than English on a universal theory of language acquisition. The authors represent different theoretical orientations and place emphasis on the ways in which data from pathology and from a variety of languages may affect universal generalizations. Email: orders@leahq.mhs.compuserve.com DIALECTOLOGY Glauser, Beat et al A NEW BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS ON VARIETIES OF ENGLISH, 1984-1992/3 1993 208 pp Paperbound US:1 55619 443 9/EUR:90 272 4870 2 US$45.00/Hfl.80,-->internet:70461.1236@compuserve.com DIALECTOLOGY,BIBLIOGRAPHY This bibliography is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the relevant publications of the past few years. Like its predecessor, it will prove an indispensable reference book. The collection is in four parts, dealing respectively with general studies, Britain and Ireland, the United States and Canada, and the rest of the world. GENRE ANALYSIS Suter, Hans-Jurg THE WEDDING REPORT. A PROTOTYPICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL TEXT TYPES xii, 314 pp. Cloth US:1 55619 295 9/EUR:90 272 5039 1 US$69.00/Hfl. 125,-- John Benjamins The 'wedding report' is a conventional type of news report published in local English newspapers. Treating these reports as a representative or prototypical genre, Suter analyzes, both diachronically and synchronically the distinctive contextual and textual features -- situational context, text production processes, function, thematic structures, and form on the macro- and microlevel -- of this type of text. The linguistic findings are integrated into a comprehensive view of the interplay between the genre as a linguistic frame and its sociocultural context. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-535. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-536. Fri 25 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 63 Subject: 5.536 TOC: Computational Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Moderators' note: though we don't have a formal "Article Discussion Forum," current journal articles are very appropriate topics for net discussion, and we would like to encourage readers to post such commentary. This year we will publish the tables of contents of current journal issues if they are reduced to 20 lines or less; and we will maintain journal backlists on our listserv. Our resources, however, do not allow us to post the tables of contents of either working papers or books. Currently available backlists include: LI lst (Linguistic Inquiry) compling lst (Computational Linguistics) To retrieve a backlist, simply send the message get linguist to Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) ************************************************************************** COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS--Julia Hirschberg, Editor SELECT TABLE OF CONTENTS, Vol. 20, No. 1--Forthcoming March 1994 M. Johnson Computing with Features as Formulae Y. Schabes, An Alternative Conception of Tree-Adjoining S. Shieber Derivation _Squibs and Discussions_ M. Johnson, Parsing and Empty Nodes M. Kay _Book Reviews_ M. Olsen The Digital Word: Text-based Computing in the Humanities, edited by G. Landow and P. Delany ****************************************************************************** PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY MIT PRESS JOURNALS: (617) 253-2889 (PHONE), (617) 258-6779 (FAX), or JOURNALS-ORDERS@MIT.EDU. _Institutional_ Orders Only. ****************************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-536. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-537. Sat 26 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 501 Subject: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 15:00:09 -0500 From: raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca (Randy Allen Harris) Subject: Mainstream Linguistics (Comment on Nevin post) 2) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 1994 16:44:22 +0100 (cedt) From: Steven Schaufele Subject: GPSG and 'mainstream' linguistics 3) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 08:22 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 5.331 Mainstream Linguistics 4) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 16:21:07 GMT From: Margaret Winters Subject: mainstream linguistics 5) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 11:25:42 -0500 From: raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca (Randy Allen Harris) Subject: Mainstream Linguistics (response to Salkie's post) 6) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 14:11:06 SST From: David Gil Subject: MAINSTREAM -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 15:00:09 -0500 From: raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca (Randy Allen Harris) Subject: Mainstream Linguistics (Comment on Nevin post) In the 5.312 LINGUIST issue on Mainstream Linguistics, Bruce Nevin (bnevin@LightStream.COM) took up Vicki Fromkin's (IYO1VAF@MVS.OAC.UCLA.EDU) LINGUIST 5.310 challenge to provide instances of "Chomsky's virulent attacks on the opposition." Nevin offers Chomsky's anti-phoneme arguments as an instance: >Revisiting Chomsky's account brought it all back, and this time I delved >into a detailed review of what was actually said by one of those whom he >attacked in that essay (chapter 4 of _Current Issues_), namely, his >teacher Zellig Harris. I was astonished at the extent to which Harris's >views are distorted, his claims misrepresented, and his statements >isolated from context and misleadingly recontextualized. Harris was >saying things very different from what Bloch and the others were saying, >but they were all lumped into "taxonomic phonemics." Examples of this sort are quite easy to come by. Chomsky and Halle's (counter-)attack on Householder fits the bill, in virulence and in misrepresentativeness. Chomsky's now-sacred attack on Skinner is of the same stripe, as is his later _NYRB_ attack on the same target. His scapegoating of Lakoff as the transformationalist poster-boy in "Remarks" is similar, though not as nasty (other comments directed at Lakoff, however, approach this level of unpleasantness). His attacks on McCawley, Hill, Jakobson, and Quine, also categorize easily as misrepresentations, to name just examples I can recall quickly. Other LINGUIST subscribers, I'm sure, have different lists. (There is also the matter of the misrepresentative and virulent attacks by others while flying Chomsky's colours--Lees, Postal, Katz, Brame, ... --which contribute to the perception of Chomsky as a brutalizer of other people's work. I personally find it difficult to believe all of these were conducted without his encouragement, and he could certainly have dissociated himself from them if he wished, but this is a quite different matter from the one Fromkin raises and Nevin addresses.) Nevin says he can see only two possibilities of Chomsky's misrepresentations of other people's work (specificically with reference to the _Current Issues_ example of Harris's phonology): >I can think of only >two interpretations: that Chomsky really did not understand what Harris >was saying--he has said as much in an interview someplace, I think, but >probably with reference to syntax--or that he was deliberately >misrepresenting Harris. Either is difficult to excuse, and the latter >would be reprehensible. Having exchanged voluminous correspondence with Chomsky about my own writings (and having tried this theory out on others who have had similar exchanges), my explanation is simpler and involves much less presumed skullduggery: Chomsky is an extraordinarily bad reader. (I trust there is no need to run through a catalogue of the qualities of his genius to balance this one observation of a deficiency.) More particularly, he reads work he is ill-disposed towards with what Richards called "combatitive blinkers", looking for positions and sub-positions he can attack while overlooking the fuller context. He may also read work that he is well-disposed toward with affectionate blinkers, looking for material he can use and overlooking differences (as in his account of the Cartesian tradition, for instance), but people whose work he is disposed favourably towards can comment on this possibility far better than I. Chomsky has quoted my own words back to me in private correspondence either completely out of context or in a new context that has only the resemblance to the original that a fun-house mirror would have. He has done this many times. Now, surely he wasn't *trying* to misrepresent my own words to me--surely he knows I remember the context, or can check it easily--so what possible point could there be in distortion? The only answer that makes sense is that he truly believes the construal he has put on my words is accurate, that his reading strategies have blinded him to the context. We all read our enemies for ways we can down them, of course, but my experience with Chomsky suggests that he is extreme in this regard, and perhaps less conscious of the tendency. And this interpretation of him offers at least a partial explanation for why he seems so often to go after almost unrecognizable versions of other people's positions. ----- References On Householder: Chomsky, Noam, and Morris Halle. 1965. Some controversial questions in phonological theory. _Journal of linguistics_ 1:97-138; responding to Householder, Fred W., Jr. 1965. On some recent claims in phonological theory. _Journal of linguistics_ 1:13-34. On Skinner: Chomsky, Noam. 1959. Review of _Verbal behavior_. _Language_ 35:26-58. Chomsky, Noam. 1970. The case against B. F. Skinner. _New York review of books_ (30 December):18-24. For some discussio of the first article, see Andresen, Julie. 1990. Chomsky and Skinner 30 years later. _North American contributions to the history of linguistics_. Edited by P. F. Dineen, S. J., and E. F. K. Koerner. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 145-66. On Lakoff: Chomsky, Noam. 1970. Remarks on nominalization. _Readings in English transformational grammar_. Edited by R. Jacobs and P. Rosenbaum. Waltham, MA: Ginn, 184-221 (discussions of Lakoff, passim). For increasingly virulent attacks on Lakoff, see: Chomsky, Noam. 1973. Letter to the editor. _New York review of books_ (19 July):33, and Chomsky, Noam. 1980a. The new organology. _Behavioral and brain sciences_ 3:42-58. On McCawley: Chomsky, Noam. 1972. _Studies on semantics in generative grammar_. The Hague: Mouton. 78. On Hill and Jakobson: Chomsky, Noam. 1964. _Degrees of grammaticalness_. _The structure of language_. Edited by J. Fodor and J. Katz. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 384-9. On Quine: Chomsky, Noam. 1969. Quine's empirical assumptions. _Words and objections_. Edited by D. Davidson and J. Hintikka. Dordrecht: Reidel, 53-68. (See Quine's response in the same volume, p. 302.) -------======= * =======------- Randy Allen Harris raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca Rhetoric and Professional Writing, Department of English, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1, CANADA; 519 885-1211, x5362; FAX: 519 884-8995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 1994 16:44:22 +0100 (cedt) From: Steven Schaufele Subject: GPSG and 'mainstream' linguistics In LINGUIST 5-312, Raphael Selkie remarks > One reason why GB linguistics is perceived as the mainstream is that the > competitors tend to move out of linguistics. > The history of Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) is interesting in > this respect. ... > The GPSG advocates rarely produce papers now developing the theory, or even > assuming it. GPSG always had strong links with computational linguistics, and > many of the key GPSG people from the early days are now doing more computing > and less linguistics. ... > What do people think of this picture? Is it accurate? At least as regards GPSG, i find this picture inaccurate. My perception is that a lot of the people who were heavily into GPSG in the mid- 80's are into HPSG now. And historically HPSG is unquestionably a development of GPSG. They are certainly not 'the same' theory, but then, Minimalist-PPA isn't the same as late-70's style trace theory, and neither are the same as Aspects-style transformational grammar, which isn't the same as late-50's 'Syntactic Structures'-style transformational grammar. To suggest that what Pollard, Sag, Levine, Goldberg, and others are doing isn't a development of GPSG makes about as much sense as saying that what Chomsky et al. are doing isn't a development of transformational grammar. In fact, such a claim is an example of the kind of ignorance of what's going on elsewhere in the field that many find offensive. I am not accusing Selkie of being willfully ignorant of the historical and conceptual links between GPSG and HPSG, but there is an added dimension here that i find personally distressing: Just as some workers in the vineyard deliberately choose to ignore some of the vines as being too 'exotic' or 'alien' to be of relevance to their methods, so some deliberately choose to ignore other methods as unworthy of consideration or investigation. Others may not go that far, but regard any given system as hermetically (in the full sense of the word) sealed off from all others, to the extent that no one pursuing one system can learn anything from the others. The result is a failure to recognize the many positive contributions of such 'heterodox' frameworks as GPSG, Relational Grammar, or Case Grammar, to name just a few of the most blatant examples. As a student of syntactic theory who is (1) uncommitted to any particular framework (2) deeply desirous of learning what any proposed framework can teach us about universal grammar (in the generic sense, not necessarily the PPA sense) and (3) fascinated with the challenge of enriching a given framework with the insights derived from others, i personally think this is a crying shame. Sincerely, Steven -- Dr. Steven Schaufele fcosws@nytud.hu Room 119 Research Institute for Linguistics (Department of Theoretical Linguistics) Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Eotvos Lorand University) P. O. Box 19 1250 Budapest Hungary -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 08:22 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 5.331 Mainstream Linguistics I was going to opt out of any further discussion re 'mainstream linguistics' but Wenchao Li has spurred me on to just a few more comments. He suggests that while "generalizations are important....a distinction needs to be made between 'linguistic generalizations' and 'what is important in GB/PYP/formal etc. linguistics." Not sure what this means. A generalization stated as an hypothesis or 'principle' in any thoery is either a valid one or not. Evidence must be provided (empirical language data as evidence) to support such a generalization. If the evidence is faulty then the so-called generalization is not a linguistic generaliz. but a spurious one and must be rejected. Obviously one should not attempt to provide a parallel between mathematics and linguistics. Mathematics is not an empirical science; linguistics is. But mathematics is used by empirical sciences as shown by the history of physics. Sorry to keep quoting authorities but sometimes it helps to quote from an Einstein so noone can object to a statement as simply another one of those 'formalist' views. So a few more quotes from AE: (all from Essays in Science - Basic Books. 1934) "The scientist has to worm general principles -- which serve as the starting point of deductions -- out of nature by perceiving certain general features which permit of precise formulation, amidst large complexes of empirical facts. "The theoretical scientist is compelled in an increasing degree to be guided by purely mathematical, formal considerations in his search for a theory, because the physical experience of the experimenter (or language analyst, vaf) cannot lift him into the regions of highest abstraction. The predominantly inductive methods apprepriate to the youth of science must give way to de- duction." Now obviously linguistics isn't physics. In fact, physics is probably the simplest of sciences which is why it has made so much headway. But one cannot reduce chemistry to physics, or biology to chemistry, or linguistics to biology. (although reductionists do believe one can). However, the need for formal, explicit theories which are explanatory as well as descriptive, which seek the simplest (in the scientific sense) set of general principles holds for all sciences, linguistics included. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 16:21:07 GMT From: Margaret Winters Subject: mainstream linguistics As a side issue to the question of what is mainstream in linguistics and what the consequences are for how linguists are treated, Paul Deane commented on what he saw as the usually negative results of being a linguist in an English or foreign language department. I think that what he indicated as problems - lack of respect for your work stemming from lack of understanding and information about it, and the resulting negative recommendations for tenure and promotion - are, to generalize from a few experiences, more an occurrence in English Departments than FL. Foreign language departments in the US have a traditional slot for someone to do the history of the language and, usually, early literature and people in my experience seem to be perfectly happy to have a historical linguist in that slot. English departments I have observed seem more likely to feel that linguists will undermine the notion of correct writing and speaking that other members of the department are trying to instill in their students, and are therefore more apt to hire a medieval literature person and include the history of English as one of that person's courses rather than bring in a historical linguist. Like Leo Connolly, who commented on this matter a short while ago, I've spent my whole career to date in language departments where I have always been made to feel fully welcome and central to what the department is doing both in terms of the courses I teach (basically anything going in French linguistics) and my research. I repeat my disclaimer - I am generalizing from personal experience and a totally unscientific survey based on random observation and other purely anecdotal material. But I will agree with Leo Connolly that there can certainly be far worse fates than to be a member of a foreign languages department as a linguist! Cheers, Margaret Winters usually of Southern Illinois University at Carbondale until June at the University of Edinburgh -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Tue, 22 Mar 94 11:25:42 -0500 From: raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca (Randy Allen Harris) Subject: Mainstream Linguistics (response to Salkie's post) In the 5.312 LINGUIST issue on Mainstream Linguistics, Raphael Salkie (RMS3@VMS.BRIGHTON.AC.UK) made a peculiar observation about the sociology of linguistics: >One reason why GB linguistics is perceived as the mainstream is that the >competitors tend to move out of linguistics. If this was true, it still wouldn't say much; it would be a symptom, not a cause. If the majority of competitors simply packed up and moved on, leaving GB folks to paddle in the mainstream alone, this would require explanation, not provide it. But I'm not at all sure that the claim is accurate. I don't know enough about the individual careers of the GPSGers who constitute Salkie's main datum, but the generalization doesn't hold of his other primary example: >The same kind of thing happened with Generative Semantics. Its main advocates >either moved into adjacent fields (G. Lakoff), came to eschew theory entirely >(McCawley, Ross) or snipe from the computational sidelines (Postal). These are >not meant as putdowns but as statements of fact. All those named have >continued to do important work - but not as part of a coherent school. Salkie in fact gives three different reactions here, not one, and they aren't terribly accurate. Lakoff continued to expand his interests--in particular, what he wants to include under the label, "linguistics"--but he hardly left the field. He is regarded as one of the principal forces in cognitive linguistics. McCawley certainly never went anywhere, and he is deeply, seriously theoretical; what he has come to eschew is dogma, about data or theory. He makes every generalization or principle fight for its individual existence, rather than embracing a monolithic packet of them from a given school. Ross's frame of mind is perhaps similar, though he does come close to satisfying Salkie's claim, in that he hasn't published a great deal of linguistics in recent years, and his view of linguistics encompasses areas that many would regard as outside the field (in particular, poetics). But this surely follows as much from the fact that he hasn't been anchored to an institution for awhile, let alone a linguistics department, as it does from a non-GB wanderlust that just took him elsewhere. Salkie's comments about Postal seem especially bizarre. Postal clearly does computational work, in the sense that GPSG or early TG are computational frameworks: he spends a good deal of time computing the consequences of his own and other people's formalisms. But no one familiar with his work (or with computational linguistics for that matter) would characterize it as coming from the computational sidelines. Too, his framework is as coherent as they come. Salkie also asks this question: >Why do developments round Chomsky keep going straight ahead while >the others break up into fragments? Some would dispute the characterization "straight ahead", but the answer, in a word, is Chomsky. He defines a center of gravity that a huge amount of work revolves around. But it turns out that the question was a rhetorical one, to which Salkie provides this answer: >[The GB framework] reassures its devotees that they are doing something >important ... [namely] finding things about the structure of >the human mind. If there are profound and important principles waiting to be >discovered about how the human organism works, this provides linguistics with >a deeper purpose. Many other linguists operate under a cognitive umbrella, and certainly not just formal linguists. Chomsky deserves a huge share of the credit for the focus on (or, at least, obeisance to) the mental ramifications of linguistics that have dominated the field for the past three decades. But it is incredibly narrow to suggest that GB/PP/Minimalism is the only brand of linguistics that looks for its "deeper purpose" in the workings of the mind. Indeed, this is one of the many areas where various linguists and schools try to out-Chomsky Chomsky. Lexical-Functionalism, for instance, rooted itself in the claim that Chomsky's work at the time wasn't 'psychologically real' enough. Cognitive linguistics has a similar potting mixture. Salkie also suggests very strongly that this deeper purpose is the only conceivable one for linguists: >It may be, then, that quite apart from whether GB assumptions are empirically >defensible, they supply the only basis for a lasting research paradigm within >linguistics. But there is no reason (except prejudice) to believe that the only possibility for a lasting research programme is one which pursues cognitive ends. Linguistic work has thrived when there were other deep purposes guiding the research--historical, anthropological, nationalist, even theological purposes. And it would be foolish to predict a future for the discipline in which sociological, or anthropological, or genetic, or even Platonic purposes don't come to redefine the mainstream. (It would be equally foolish to predict a future in which any one of these research directions is extinguished.) Language has many tentacles, only some of which reach into the mind, and the history of science shows that research programmes can change direction in relatively short order when someone shows that productive work can follow a new (or marginal or forgotten) purpose. Salkie expressed the wish that his words not be taken as put-downs. I have a similar wish with respect to my words and him. I mean no insult, but the position expressed in his post seems misguided, and narrow in the extreme. -------======= * =======------- Randy Allen Harris raha@watarts.uwaterloo.ca Rhetoric and Professional Writing, Department of English, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1, CANADA; 519 885-1211, x5362; FAX: 519 884-8995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 14:11:06 SST From: David Gil Subject: MAINSTREAM As the (unwitting) initiator of the "mainstream linguistics" thread, I am struck by the fact that the discussion has veered away from what seemed, at least to me, to be a rather important point. The discussion was triggered by a query of mine on quantifier scope, wondering why a particular argument in the literature had been ignored. This generated a number of responses which, in my 15 February summary to the list, I characterized and commented on as follows: ***** beginning of 15 Feb quote ***** A handful of mostly sympathetic noddings of the head and commiserations with regard to the sociology of the field, and how difficult it is to be an "outsider", "non-mainstream", "out of the loop", and so forth: how difficult it is to get one's stuff published, then read, then accepted. Hardly news -- and speaking for myself, at least, I don't really think I would want to give up my outsider, non-mainstream, out- of-the-loop status; it suits me just fine, thank you. However, what I found most remarkable about this category of responses is that almost all of them WISHED TO REMAIN ANONYMOUS. The more I ponder this fact, the more I find it disturbing. Far be it for me to criticize the wishes of my correspondents (and I hope I haven't betrayed their confidences by splashing word of their existence over the list); I am certainly quite experienced myself in having to remain mum about all kinds of matters for all kinds of reasons. But the question I want to raise is: what array of facts or circumstances can it be that prompts our fellow linguists to wish to remain anonymous about their opinions with regard to the sociology of the field, and such things as patterns of reading, patterns of bibliographical citations, and so forth? Are they just being overly cautious, modest, or self-effacing, or are things really so bad that one can be denied jobs, publication outlets, research funds, or just plain old professional prestige for speaking out on such matters? (Or am I just making a mountain out of a molehill?) ***** end of 15 Feb quote ***** Unfortunately, apart from Martin Haspelmath (and perhaps one or two other brave souls), nobody answered the above question. I wonder why. But maybe the answer is irrelevant. Having followed the discussion for the last month, it seems to me that the very fact that people are afraid to speak their minds -- whatever the reasons may be -- is as damning a datum as anybody could ever wish to adduce, to show that what's happening in linguistics isn't, as one discussant suggested, just a whole lot of competing ideas battling it out on their merits "and may the better idea win". Ironically, one of the best terms I know of characterizing the state of affairs in linguistics is "manufacturing consent". David Gil National University of Singapore ellgild@nusvm.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-537. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-538. Sat 26 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 99 Subject: 5.538 Sum: Parking Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 16:01:34 EST From: marantz@MIT.EDU (Alec Marantz) Subject: Parking Summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 16:01:34 EST From: marantz@MIT.EDU (Alec Marantz) Subject: Parking Summary Summary: Parking Garages vs. Parking Structures I received many many responses to my query on what to call multi-level above-ground parking buildings. While certain regional patterns are very clear from this informal survey, no grand division of the US is evident. Rather, it seems that the local word for such buildings can derive from the name attached by the builders of the first one or two in the area. For example, in Calgary the appropriate term is "parkade," not found elsewhere in my survey. This term is apparently the commercial name of the first such buildings in the area (from Arcade and Parking, presumably). The use of "parking ramp" in the Minneapolis area also appears to be originally an official designation. Aside on sociolinguistic attitudes: Those who haven't been exposed to "parking structure" in everyday use find it, in the words of Shana Walton, "adminestrative-ese." On the other hand, some of those for whom "structure" is the norm find it amusing to use "garage" for these buildings so obviously an order of magnitude bigger than (one- or two-car) garages. So, what's clear? Rather uniformly, the small building attached to one's house for storing one's car is called a "garage" (as in "two-car garage"). "Garage" also is the place one takes one's car to be fixed. In Britain and Australia (although I have only one response from down under to confirm this), parking garages/structures are called "multi-stor(e)y car parks." What we in the US would call "parking lots" (paved areas for parking) are simply "car parks" in these countries. Calgary has the wonderful "parkades." In other parts of Canada (well, those east of Calgary -- I haven't heard anything from the west coast), the British "car park" and the American "parking garage" are both known. In Minneapolis and apparently through parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa, the buildings are known generally as "parking ramps" or just "ramps." In some parts of the eastern mid-west, we also find "parking decks" and I have a "parking deck" report from North Carolina as well. Ann Arbor and Lansing Michigan, as well as neighboring communities, are strict "parking structure" places. There's a suggestion that this usage results from an official designation by the builders or owners of these structures. Los Angeles and San Francisco and apparently California in general is strict "parking structure" country as well. Arizona also appears to have "parking structures." Oregon appears to have the California usage but recognizes "parking garage." The rest of the country is mixed. My impression from the responses I received is that the north-east generally has parking garages, with the possible exception of Boston. Two respondants from the Boston area (not me; I'm not a native) report "parking structure" for at least the buildings that are not completely inclosed. I have an additional "parking structure" sighting in New Jersey. The two respondants from central Illinois split with one for "structure" and one for "garage." I have a Lexington, Kentucky "parking structure" but scattered "parking garages" further south. Thanks to all who responded. Paul Schaffner (usergfnk@um.cc.umich.edu) of the Middle English Dictionary project at the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor provided his own (informal) research on this issue that included and confirmed most of the information I received separately from 40-odd informants. He somehow forgot to include the Middle English usage here. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-538. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-539. Sat 26 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 83 Subject: 5.539 Qs: General education courses; Metonomy & discourse Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 16:05:49 PST From: Lynn Gordon Subject: Query about "General Education" courses 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 10:23:34 CET From: Adam Karpinski Subject: Metonymy and Discourse -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 16:05:49 PST From: Lynn Gordon Subject: Query about "General Education" courses Washington State University, like many schools, requires undergraduates to select a certain number of courses from a short list of university-approved "general education" courses in areas like Humanities, Social Sciences, etc. My department is currently designing a new introductory linguistics course with the hope of getting that course added to the list of approved gen ed courses. Since most members of the relevant committees are likely not to know much about linguistics, it would be useful to have information about schools where a linguistics course can be used to fulfil this sort of university general education requirement: If your school has a course of this type, it would be useful to know the course title, the area in which it counts for gen ed credit, and the approximate enrollment. If you have a few more minutes more to spend on this, it would also be useful for me to know: (a) what topics your course covers and (b) what textbook(s) and other materials it uses. (If uploading your course outline is as easy as writing answers to these questions, I would be very pleased to get it.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 10:23:34 CET From: Adam Karpinski Subject: Metonymy and Discourse I'm interested in metonymies and discourse analysis. Currently, I'm about to start a small-scale project in DA on psycholinguistic evidence for pivot vs. foreground vs background distinction, following Mary S. Erlbaugh's paper "Psy- cholinguistic evidence for foregrounding and backgrounding" in Tomlin, R.S.(ed) 1987. "Coherence and grounding in discourse". John Benjamins. I would be happy to find some fellow-souls interested in similar topics ("cog- nitive" in general; I hope it's not a curse word here). Thanking in advance. Please, answer to: Adam Karpinski Department of English, UMK ul. Fosa Staromiejska 3 87-100 TORUN, POLAND phone/fax: 48 56 277-10 e-mail: KADAM@PLTUMK11.BITNET -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-539. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-540. Sat 26 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 110 Subject: 5.540 Qs: Interrogatives in French; Spanish; Question particles Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 15:22:36 From: pesetsk@MIT.EDU (David Pesetsky) Subject: Query: Subject embedded interrogatives in French 2) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 94 10:59:30 CST From: "Thor Sigurd Nilsen" Subject: Q: Mexican Spanish 3) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 1994 16:22:33 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: Question particles -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 15:22:36 From: pesetsk@MIT.EDU (David Pesetsky) Subject: Query: Subject embedded interrogatives in French I have been looking at Huot's 1981 book on French infinitives, and was intrigued (and surprised) to see on p.128 the observation (not about infinitives) that, for her, subject indirect questions are impossible. She marks 'si' questions as worse than the others, but marks all of them as bad: "Une interrogative indirecte ne peut jamais se trouver en position de sujet: ??Qui a dit cela ne m'interesse pas. *??Par qui ces travaux seront payes concerne tous les habitants de la commune. *??A qui doivent etre distribues d'eventuels benefices figure dans tous les statuts des mutuelles. *Si Jean devra prendre la parole ne figure pas dans les instructions qui ont ete diffusees. [...]" My question is addressed to French speakers or others who care to check with French speakers. Is there agreement on these judgments? One speaker I have contacted so far finds only the example with "si" to be deviant, while another expresses her agreement with Huot's judgments. One should also compare these examples with embedded declaratives in subject position (for which I have no judgments at present). That is, are we dealing with an effect of an empty C position in Huot's examples, or something more general about subject clauses: Que Pierre a dit cela ne m'interesse pas. If Huot's judgments are correct, does adding a 'que' help, in those dialects and registers of French that allow "doubly-filled COMP phenomena? Thanks, David Pesetsky -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 94 10:59:30 CST From: "Thor Sigurd Nilsen" Subject: Q: Mexican Spanish Hello everyone, Has anyone out there heard about a variant of Mexican Spanish called "fresa" (strawberry Spanish)? What does the term refer to? Is it a youth culture variant, or is it shared by other age groups? When I heard the term I got the impression that it was a type of Spanish mostly used by young people. Does anyone know what the characteristics are? Please respond to me personally, and I'll summarise for the List if there is sufficient interest. Regards Thor S. Nilsen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 1994 16:22:33 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: Question particles Can anyone cite recent works on the categorial status, classification, and nature of question particles (e.g. _li_ / _czy_ / _ci_ for yes-no questions in Slavic languages, -ne in Latin)? Please write to ewb2@cornell.edu (Wayles Browne). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-540. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-361. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 267 Subject: 5.361 Confs: Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America conference Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Mar 1994 04:42:27 -0600 (CST) From: FLSM 5 Subject: Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America conference: program & -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Mar 1994 04:42:27 -0600 (CST) From: FLSM 5 Subject: Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America conference: program & ******************************************************* ** Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America V ** ******************************************************* The FLSM 5 conference will be held at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, from Friday May 20 to Sunday May 22. Participants from North America and Europe will present thirty five papers in all fields of theoretical linguistics. Three invited speakers will address the conference: Angelika Kratzer (U Massachusetts, Amherst), James McCloskey (UC Santa Cruz) and Donca Steriade (UC Los Angeles). Full details of the program, accommodation, food and transport information will be mailed this week to all reviewers, submitters of abstracts and those who have inquired. Others may contact us at the addresses below. 1. Preliminary Program: All sessions will take place at 1320 Digital Computer Laboratory (there are a couple of titles which at present overlap with other current conference programs) Friday May 20 8.00 Registration 8.45 Welcome: Head, Department of Linguistics Elmer Antonsen 9.00 Infinitival Complements in a Minimalist Theory of Grammar David Kathman (University of Chicago) 9.30 Selection Properties of Raising Verbs: Not What They "Seem" Janine Graziano-King (CUNY Graduate School) 10.00 The Resurrection: Raising to Comp Andrew Carnie (MIT) Heidi Harley (MIT) Elizabeth Pyatt (MIT) 10.30 Break 10.40 Clitics and Object Drop in Greek and the Romance Languages Alexis Dimitriadis (University of Pennsylvania) 11.10 Romance and Germanic Clitics: a Parametric Difference Marco Haverkort (UC Berkeley) 11.40 Serbo-Croatian Second Position Clitic Placement Carson Schutze (MIT) 12.10 Checking Interrogative Subject Pronouns in Romance Maarten de Wind (University of Groningen) 12.40 Lunch break 2.00 The Semantics and Pragmatics of Lexical Aspect Features Mari Broman Olsen (Northwestern University) 2.30 The Structure of CONTEXT: the Representation of Pragmatic Restrictions in HPSG Georgia Green (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 3.00 Idioms and Structured Entailment Pools Gert Webelhuth (University of North Carolina) 3.30 Break 3.40 Verbal Prefixes in Slavic as Functional Heads George Fowler (Indiana University) 4.10 Lithuanian Participle Agreement and the Shortest Move Condition Jairo Nunes (University of Maryland) 4.40 Expletive Subjects in West Slavic Martina Lindseth (Indiana University) 5.10 Are you Right? Nigel Duffield (McGill University) 5.40 Dinner break 7.00 The Morphology-Syntax Interface in Creolization (& Diachrony) Michel DeGraff (University of Michigan) 7.30 The Change in Negation in Middle English Stefan Frisch (Northwestern University) 8.00 On Experiencers and Subjects of Perfect Predicates Rakesh Bhatt (University of Tennessee at Knoxville) 8.30 ***Invited speaker: James McCloskey (UC Santa Cruz) *** Title: to be announced Saturday May 21 9.00 Demonstratives, Focus, and the Interpretation of Complex NPs in Mandarin Chinese Mary Wu (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 9.30 Tense Structure and the Syntax of Temporal Adverbs Ellen Thompson (University of Maryland) 10.00 Intervention Phenomena: Towards an Extended Monotonicity Calculus Michael Kas (University of Groningen) Frans Zwarts (University of Groningen) 10.30 Break 10.40 Alignment Constraints in ATR Harmony Akinbiyi Akinlabi (Rutgers University) 11.10 A Domain Based Theory of Harmony Jennifer Cole (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Charles Kisseberth (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 11.40 A Constraint-Based Analysis of Place Assimilation Typology Jongho Jun (UC Los Angeles) 12.10 The OCP and Gradient Data Deborah Milam Berkeley (Northwestern University) 12.40 Lunch break 2.00 ***Invited speaker: Donca Steriade, UC Los Angeles*** Title: to be announced 3.10 Iambicity in Southeast Asia Fraser Bennett (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 3.40 Contra Consonantal Elizabeth Hume (Ohio State University) David Odden (Ohio State University) 4.10 "La Double Vie de W" or The Status of [w] in Karuk Rebecca Herman (Ohio State University) 4.40 On the Direct Mapping between Syntax and PF Gorka Elordieta (University of Southern California) 5.10 Business meeting 5.30 Dinner break 7.00 ***Invited speaker: Angelika Kratzer, UC*** Title: to be announced 8.20 Reception / Banquet (Illini Union, 1401 W. Green, Urbana) Sunday May 22 9.00 A Negation Typology and NPI Licensing Daeho Chung (University of Southern California) Abdessalam Elomari (University of Southern California) 9.30 Binding at the Syntax-Semantics Interface Jean-Marc Authier (University of Ottawa) 10.00 A Typological Study of NP Extraction from Quantifier Phrases Kuo-ming Sung (UC Los Angeles) 10.30 Break 10.40 Resultatives and Motion Verbs in Japanese Natsuko Tsujimura (Indiana University) 11.10 Derivations and Reconstruction Andrew Barss (University of Arizona) 11.40 VP-Internal Subject Hypothesis and ATB Gap Parallelism Byong-Kwon Kim (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 12.10 Factive Complements and Wh-Extraction Spyridoula Varlokosta (University of Maryland) Lunch and departure ======================================== Alternates: -- DP and Reflexives David Gohre and Ljiljana Progovac (Wayne State University) -- Another Look at "Parasitic Gaps" in German Andreas Kathol (Ohio State University) -- Complexity Limitations on Parsers and Grammars Janina Rado (University of Massachusetts) ======================================== 2. Registration: Please send the following information to FLSM: name, affiliation, snail mail and email addresses, telephone and fax numbers. Fees are as follows: students non-students a. up to April 30: $10 $15 b. at the conference: $15 $20 Personal checks (USA only), money orders and cashier's checks can be made to: University of Illinois. 3. Accommodation: There are 5 other conferences in town the weekend of FLSM 5 and unfortunately campus accommodation is pretty much booked out. We have, however, reserved -- at considerable discount -- 40 rooms in the following motel: Best Western Lincoln Lodge, 403 W. University, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA phone: (217) 367 1111 rates: single person $40.95 + 11% motel tax; double $47.95 + 11% tax IMPORTANT: tell them that you are from the (FLSM) linguistics conference The Lincoln Lodge is located nine blocks east and four blocks north of the conference building, and is a five minute bus ride (on the Orange #6) or 20 minute walk to the conference site. In addition, a limited amount of "crash space" will be available with students at the University of Illinois. Please send inquiries about this directly to FLSM 5. Further information on other motels and hotels is included in the registration package to be mailed, including bus and local city maps. 3. Directions to get to FLSM: The conference site is at: 1320 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 W. Springfield, Urbana a. by CAR: coming SOUTH from Chicago: take I-57 south; turn onto I-74 east at exit 237 east; take exit 182A to Neil Street South. - for the Lincoln Lodge motel, turn east on University for about 18 blocks; the motel is approximately opposite the Carle Clinic. - for the conference venue, turn east on Springfield (one south of University) for about eleven blocks; the Digital Computer Lab is on the left, on the corner of Springfield and Mathews. coming NORTH from St Louis: take I-57 north; proceed to I-74 as above. coming WEST from Indianpolis or EAST from the Quad Cities: take I-74 west or east, and proceed as above. b. by AIR: a number of airlines service Champaign's Willard Airport, at least the following: Trans World Express, from St Louis: 1 800 221 2000 American Eagle, from Nashville or Chicago (O'Hare): 1 800 433 7300 Northwest Airlink, from Detroit or Minneapolis: 1 800 225 2525 Midway Express, from Chicago (Midway): 1 800 866 9359 c. by RAIL: coming NORTH or SOUTH on the New Orleans-Chicago line: AMTRAK arrives and departs twice daily. d. by BUS: Greyhound buses run several times a day between downtown Chicago and downtown Champaign. e. from the airport, train and bus stations, Corky's Cab (217) 892 4401 and other cabs serve the city and campus. ================================================================= Direct all inquiries to: a. email: flsm5@cogsci.uiuc.edu b. fax: (217) 333-3466 c. phone: (217) 333-3563 d. snail mail: FLSM V Committee Department of Linguistics University of Illinois 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Urbana, IL 61820 ================================================================= -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-361. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-362. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 76 Subject: 5.362 Sum: Canadian Raising: Partial Summary and New Query Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 94 23:18:30 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Canadian Raising: Partial Summary and New Query -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 94 23:18:30 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Canadian Raising: Partial Summary and New Query I would like to thank all those who have responded to my queries about 'Canadian Raising'. 'Canadian Raising' is the phenomenon whereby the diphtong in words like 'write', 'wife', etc. is higher than in words like 'ride', 'wives' etc. Both published work (by Vance among others) and the responses to my queries on LINGUIST show clearly that EVERY speaker from the Northern US who has raising has some number of lexical exceptions to the rule (most commonly perhaps, 'cider' and 'spider' have the higher diphthong while 'rider' has the lower one). Published work on Ontario speech (where Joos first identified this process) suggests that the process there has fewer lexical exceptions. Based on the work of Chambers and on the responses to my recent inquiries on LINGUIST, it appears that even there the words 'icon', 'Nikon', 'daikon', and 'Cyclops' vary from speaker to speaker (and occasionally the same speaker has both pronunciations), as opposed to 'psycho' (which everybody seems to raise). The few responses I have gotten indicate that there are most Ontario speakers have the low vowel in cider and spider (unlike many Americans) but even here I have found one speaker with the high vowel in spider. If anybody else from Ontario would like to let me know what they say in these words, I would be grateful. I would also be interested in Ontario pronunciations of the following words: typhoon tycoon hidey-hole Heidi hiding (I am only asking for responses from Ontario, because I am looking for lexical exceptions, and it is apparent that speakers in other areas have those aplenty, while this has been less clear for Ontario speakers.) (I should perhaps add that while it is clear to everyone that "Canadian" in 'Canadian Raising' is a misnomer, David Stampe suggests very strongly that "Raising" is also a mistake here. He considers it certain that (historically at least) we are dealing with 'Lowering' in the environments where there is no "Raising" instead.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-362. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-363. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 145 Subject: 5.363 Calls: Workshop on `Object Positions in Benue-Kwa', AMTA 94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 13:03:40 +0100 (MET) From: RENE MULDER Subject: call for papers 2) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 15:08:43 PST From: Joseph Pentheroudakis -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 13:03:40 +0100 (MET) From: RENE MULDER Subject: call for papers Workshop on `Object Positions in Benue-Kwa' Leiden University June 1-3, 1994 ANNOUNCEMENT / CALL FOR PAPERS The Department of African Linguistics and the Department of Linguistics are organising a workshop on the syntax of object positions in Benue-Kwa. We invite original, unpublished work on any topic related to this theme. The Benue-Kwa grouping generally displays surface SVO word order. However, OV orders are frequently found with auxiliaries (S Aux O V) and in nominalizations (O V-nominalizer). A nother related form of variation concerns the existence and linearization of double objects, with some languages allowing both [V OTheme OGoal] and [V OGoal OTheme], others just [V OGoal OTheme], and others lacking surface double objects altogether. The purpose of the workshop is to provide a forum for discussion of descriptive and theoretical developments, with the goal of identifying loci of variation. How can one account for the correlation between OV/VO order and auxiliary type? What is the status of `Object Agreement' across Benue-Kwa? How does the relative order of objects bear upon the question of `basic word order'? How does the syntax of the object position bear upon theories of Case and agreement? How are double objects related to verbal diathesis, and specifically to applicatives? How do double objects interact with specificity and focus? Abstracts Abstracts are invited for 25-minute talks (+10 minutes discussion). Send 3 anonymous copies and 1 copy with the name of author(s) and institution(s). On a separate sheet, indicate name of author(s), title of the paper, address and affiliation, telephone number, fax, and e-mail address (if available). The abstract should indicate the data covered, outline the arguments presented, and include any broader implications of the work. If necessary, append a page of data and/or references. Deadline for receipt of abstracts is April 15th, 1994 (program announced by April 28th, 1994) Send abtracts to: For more information, contact Benue-Kwa Workshop Rose-Marie D chaine, Vakgroep ATW Vakgroep ATW e-mail: dechaine@rullet.leidenuniv.nl Rijksuniversiteit Leiden Postbus 9515, RA 2300 Leiden The Netherlands ====================================================================== *Greenberg's original Benue-Congo (Cross River, Bantu) was found not to be distinct from Kwa (Kru, Ewe, Akan, Yoruba, Nupe, Edo, Idoma, Igbo, Ijo, etc.), and the two were grouped together as Benue-Kwa in 1982. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 15:08:43 PST From: Joseph Pentheroudakis AMTA 655 Fifteenth Street, NW, Suite 310 Washington, DC 20005 AMTA Conference 1994: Partnerships in Translation Technology CALL FOR PARTICIPATION The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA) is organizing its first full-fledged conference, to be held on 6-8 October 1994 at the Columbia Inn in Columbia, Maryland. The overall intent of the conference is to bring MT researchers, developers, and users to share the latest information on MT and forge partnerships for addressing the challenge of language barriers that impede communication on the information highway. The program is designed to offer something for everyone who has an interest in MT and, by so doing, to cultivate contacts between users and developers and between developers and researchers. It is also intended to set the stage for stronger partnerships between AMTA and the other regions of the International Association for Machine Translation (IAMT). The conference will cover a broad range of MT topics through panels, papers, demonstrations, and exhibits over three days of sessions. Preliminary tutorials on intellectual property rights in the MT field and on matching up MT users and MT environments are being planned for 5 October. We expect to have sessions on the following areas: PC MT systems Assessing translatability Knowledge-based MT Workstation MT systems Current Solutions Statistical MT Translator Workstations MT Evaluation Corpus cooperation MT & desktop publishing Speech MT Future directions in MT MT economics Assessment of MT needs MT System demonstrations We invite papers on any of these topics. Extended abstracts (up to ten pages) are due by July 8; authors will be notified of acceptance by mid-August. Submissions should be sent to Eduard Hovy at the address below; electronic submissions in plain ASCII format are encouraged, and should be sent to hovy@isi.edu. AMTA 655 Fifteenth Street, NW, Suite 310 Washington, DC 20005 Program Chairs: Eduard Hovy Joseph Pentheroudakis USC/Information Sciences Institute Microsoft Corp, 9S/1160 4676 Admiralty Way One Microsoft Way Marina Del Rey, CA 90292-6695 Redmond, WA 98052-6399 tel: (310) 822-1511 tel: (206) 936-3528 fax: (310) 823-6714 fax: (206) 936-7329 email: hovy@isi.edu email: joseph@microsoft.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-363. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-364. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 122 Subject: 5.364 Qs: Concordance, Weak crossover, Czech font, Russian prefixes Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 10:28:38 -0500 (EST) From: ESCATTON@ALBNYVMS.bitnet Subject: public domain concordance programs 2) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 18:21:59 EST From: rjpensal@MIT.EDU Subject: Weak Crossover 3) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 94 15:53:54 MET From: Dirk Noel Subject: Czech font for the Mac 4) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 09:01:33 -0700 From: hammond@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu (Mike Hammond) Subject: Russian prefixes -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 10:28:38 -0500 (EST) From: ESCATTON@ALBNYVMS.bitnet Subject: public domain concordance programs Can anyone point me to public domain concordance programs or other public domain software useful for language research? Please reply to ESCATTON@ALBNYVMS.BITNET Thanks -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 18:21:59 EST From: rjpensal@MIT.EDU Subject: Weak Crossover I have a question regarding Weak Crossover (WCO) effects in certain language types. WCO describes the unacceptability (for most speakers) of sentences such as: Who does his mother love? (with 'who' and 'his' coindexed) The woman who owns it fixed every tractor. ('it'='every tractor') The configuration involves an operator binding a variable across a coindexed pronoun, where neither the variable nor the pronoun c-commands the other. The configuration exists at S-structure in the first sentence, at LF in the second. I am testing a prediction that WCO effects are found in underlying SVO and OVS languages, but not in underlying VOS or SOV languages. So, my question is: how well are these predictions borne out by the languages out there? Does anyone know of an SVO or OVS language in which there is no WCO effect, or of a VOS or SOV language in which there is a WCO effect? I would also like to know of languages which do concur with this prediction. Whilst I'm at it, can anyone tell me of a subject final (underlying VOS or OVS) language that has overt wh-movement? Where does the wh-phrase end up on the surface? Please send all replies directly to me at rjpensal@mit.edu Thanking you all in anticipation, Rob Pensalfini -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 94 15:53:54 MET From: Dirk Noel Subject: Czech font for the Mac Does anyone know of a PostScript font for the Mac with which Czech names like Danes, Kucera, and Hajicova can be spelled correctly and which for the rest looks very much like Times? Reply to: noel@ruca.ua.ac.be Dirk Noel School of Translation and Interpreting (HIVT) University of Antwerp (RUCA) Schildersstraat 41 B-2000 Antwerpen BELGIUM fax: +32 3 2481907 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 09:01:33 -0700 From: hammond@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu (Mike Hammond) Subject: Russian prefixes I have noted what seems to be an odd fact about Russian and want to confirm it. Russian has several prefixes that are purely consonantal: v-, s-, vz. These can occur with verbal stems quite freely, but do NOT seem to occur with purely nominal stems. That is, while you can get vxod 'entrance' related to vxodit 'to enter', you get so-avtor *s-avtor for coauthor. The only counterexample I've come up with is sputnik ('with' 'path' 'er') [thanks to Katherine Crosswhite]. Are there more counterexamples? Does this generalization go through? (I have a story to tell about this and some related English facts....) Mike Hammond -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-364. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-365. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 132 Subject: 5.365 Central European Summer School in Generative Syntax Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 14:58: 5 GMT From: chriss@skyline.asg.AG-Berlin.MPG.DE Subject: Summer School Announcement -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 14:58: 5 GMT From: chriss@skyline.asg.AG-Berlin.MPG.DE Subject: Summer School Announcement Central European Summer School in Generative Syntax Olomouc - Czech Republic 22 August - 2 September 1994 A generative grammar summer school which is: . high level (teachers from leading research centres) . intensive (2 weeks of interactive learning and research) . cheap (no fees, low local living costs, central location) . charming (small peaceful medieval city) . young (teachers' average age <30) The summer school offers an intensive introduction to generative linguistics. It will be centered around syntax and offers: results of the latest research, current issues and open problems, basic philosophy, methodology. The program will be divided into two parts, week 1: overviews of the Principles-and-Parameters theory from both general viewpoints and specific topics; week 2, advanced classes focussing on current research issues. Classes will be taught in English. The school is open to students from all over Europe - East and West alike: it is cheap enough for everybody to attend, and it also includes discussion of Germanic, Romance and Slavic languages. Teachers: . Piero BOTTARI (Perugia) bottari@ipgcuic.bitnet . Gerhard BRUGGER (Vienna) brugger@unive.it . Anna CARDINALETTI (Venice) cardin@unive.it . Damir CAVAR (Potsdam) cavar@hp.rz.uni-potsdam.de . Giuliana GIUSTI (Venice) giusti@unive.it . Ana MADEIRA (London) uclyamm@ucl.ac.uk . Maaike SCHOORLEMMER (Utrecht) schoorlemmer@ruu.nl . Michal STARKE (Geneva) starke@uni2a.unige.ch . Chris WILDER (Berlin) chriss@skyline.asg.ag-berlin.mpg.de Courses: Week 1 General Introduction Introduction to the Syntax of Noun Phrases Null-Subjects and Expletives Logical Form Introduction to Morphology Acquisition of Language Week 2 Scrambling and the Structure of the Clause Clitic-Second Effects in Slavic Complementisers and Small Clauses Case-Theory The Syntax of Coordination Theories of the Determiner System Costs: Fees There are no fees. The school is free. Accommodation University Residences are available: 40$ for the two weeks, in multiple bed rooms. (see below for grants) Meals Cheap meals available on the campus. (see below for grants) Grants: Students from eastern european countries can apply for grants: (the two types of grant are not exclusive) Living grants covering accommodation are available Travel grants are also available for travelling to and from the summer school Recipients of grants will have absolutely no expenses for the summer school. Others will maximally have travel and 40$ living costs. Practical Information: All relevant information (where is Olomouc, how do I get there, etc.) will be sent upon receipt of the registrations. Registration: Send the form below to one of these addresses: Anna Cardinaletti Chris Wilder Seminario di Linguistica Max Planck Gesellschaft Universita di Venezia Jdgerstrasse 10-11 San Marco 3417 D-10117 30124 Venezia / Italy Germany fax: +39-41-52 87 683 fax: +49-30-20 192 452 Deadline: The form must be received by the 30 April 1994. Contacts: For any additional information contact Michal Starke or Chris Wilder at the above address for the Max Planck Gesellschaft, Berlin, or e-mail the teachers directly. -------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-365. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-366. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.366 TOC: Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, Volume 16-1, BIHP Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 13:54:20 +0008 From: "RANDY J. LAPOLLA" Subject: TOC:LTBA 2) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 13:59:35 +0008 From: "RANDY J. LAPOLLA" Subject: TOC: BIHP issues on linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 13:54:20 +0008 From: "RANDY J. LAPOLLA" Subject: TOC:LTBA TOC: Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, Volume 16, No. 1 Patricia Donegan: Rhythm and vocalic drift in Munda and Mon-Khmer. M.S. Ningomba: Deictic suffixes in Manipuri. Carol Genetti: On the morphological status of casemarkers in Dolakha Newari. Erik Andvik: Tshangla verb inflections. George van Driem: Ancient Tangut manuscripts rediscovered. David Bradley: Pronouns in Burmese-Lolo. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 13:59:35 +0008 From: "RANDY J. LAPOLLA" Subject: TOC: BIHP issues on linguistics TOC: Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology Volume 63, No. 4 (Sept 1993): Ho Dah-an: On the past, present, and future of Chinese dialect studies from the perspective of the Chinese scholarly tradition (In Chinese) Chih-chen Jane Tang: Chinese "de" and English "'s". (In Chinese) Randy J. LaPolla: Arguments against "subject" and "direct object" as viable concepts in Chinese. (In English) Chen Zhong-min: On the nature of the entering-tone characters in the Shaowu dialect. (In Chinese) Lin Ying-chin: The grammatical function of rising-tone 'tau' in Hakka. (In Chinese) W. South Coblin: BTD revisited: A reconsideration of the Han Buddhist Transcriptional Dialect (In English) Jackson T.-S. Sun: Evidentials in Amdo Tibetan (In English) Volume 65, No. 1 (March 1994): Ho Dah-an: Is a total retrograde tone shift possible? (In Chinese) Chang Kun: The changes of *th>h/x and *tsh>th among Chinese dialects. (In Chinese) Tseng Chiu-yu: VOT and beginning tone height in Chinese aphasic speech. (In Chinese) Sam-po Law: The structure of orthographic representations of Chinese characters: from the perspective of the cognitive neuropsychological approach. (In English) Randy J. LaPolla: Variable finals in Proto-Sino-Tibetan. (In English) Jackson T.-S. Sun: Linguistic characteristics of the Tani (Mirish) branch of Tibeto-Burman. (In English) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-366. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-367. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 57 Subject: 5.367 In memoriam Zbigniew Golab Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 22:05:37 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: In memoriam Zbigniew Golab -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 22:05:37 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: In memoriam Zbigniew Golab Professor Zbigniew Golab of the Slavic Department of University of Chicago died in his sleep the night of 24 March, 1994. Born in Novi Targ, Poland on 16 March 1923, he was active in the Underground Movement during World War Two and joined the guerilla war against the Germans in 1944. That year, he was imprisoned by the Germans, but escaped shortly before the liberation of Cracow by the Red Army. He was imprisoned by the Communists for one year in 1948-49 and then released. He received his M.A. from the Polish University, Wroclaw, in 1947 and his Ph.D. from the Jagiellonian University in 1958. He was professor at the Catholic University of Lublin (1952-61) and the Slavic Institute of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (1955-61) before coming to the United States, where he taught at the University of Chicago from 1962 until his retirement as Professor Emeritus in 1993. He was elected to the Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1972 and was a tireless friend of Macedonia as well as a brilliant linguist. His major works include a study of the Macedonian dialects of Suho and Visoka (published in Makedonski jazik), his habilitation on Balkan conditionals (Cracow, 1964), a monograph on the Arumanian dialect of Krushevo (MANU, 1984), and his most recent book: The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View (Columbus, 1992). He also co-edited a dictionary of linguistic terminology (Warsaw, 1968) and was the author of more than 70 articles and reviews. The funeral will take place at St. Helen's Church, 2315 W. Augusta, Chicago, Monday 28 March at 10 a.m., burial immediately afterwards at St. Adelbert's Cemetery at 6800 N. Milwaukee, Chicago. written by Victor A. Friedman Slavic Dept., University of Chicago office phone: 312-702-0732, home phone: 312-955-1376 e-mail: vfriedm@midway.uchicago.edu Posted by Wayles Browne ewb2@cornell.edu, formerly jn5j@cornella.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-367. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-368. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.368 TESL-EJ: An Electronic Journal Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 1994 10:33:27 -0800 (PST) From: Margaret E Sokolik Subject: TESL-EJ: An Electronic Journal -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 1994 10:33:27 -0800 (PST) From: Margaret E Sokolik Subject: TESL-EJ: An Electronic Journal Subscriptions to TESL-EJ, An Electronic Journal for ESL/EFL professionals are now open. Below is a description of the journal, the first issue of which is due out around April 1. This is a fully refereed journal. TESL-EJ: TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND OR FOREIGN LANGUAGE: AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ISSN: 1072-4303 ================================================================= Editor: Maggi Sokolik University of California, Berkeley Book Review Editor: Suzanne Irujo Boston University Forum Editor: Janet Sutherland Regensberg Polytechnical Institute Media Review Editor: Michael Feldman Boston University Technical Editor: Thomas Robb Kyoto Sangyo University Editor at Large: Macey Taylor Marie Curie University =============================================================== Editorial Board Neil Anderson Zoltan Dornyei Susan Foster-Cohen Sharon Hilles Robert Kaplan Barbara Kennedy Claire Kramsch P. B. Nayar David Nunan Jack Richards John Schumann Mary Lee Scott Larry Selinker Bernard Spolsky Roly Sussex Andrew Littlejohn ================================================================ TESL-EJ publishes articles in the research and practice of English as a second or foreign language. TESL-EJ welcomes studies in ESL/EFL pedagogy,second language acquisition, language assessment, applied socio- and psycholinguistics, and other related areas, for quarterly publication. Subscriptions currently are free via the Internet. You can subscribe to TESL-EJ by sending the following message to LISTSERV@CMSA.BERKELEY.EDU (or LISTSERV@UCBCMSA.BITNET): SUB TESLEJ-L Firstname Lastname For example, SUB TESLEJ-L Bill Clinton Do not include any punctuation or other information. You will receive confirmation that your subscription has been accepted, along with information about receiving the journal. Other questions, including instructions on submitting work for publication, should be directed to the Editor. Maggi Sokolik Editor, TESL-EJ msokolik@uclink.berkeley.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-368. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-369. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 104 Subject: 5.369 Varia: Mosaic; Russian database software Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Mar 94 10:29:59 PST From: Richard Wojcik Subject: Re: Mosaic/WWW/html: a mostly negative review [Re: 5.301 Mosaic] 2) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 18:17 GMT From: HILTONM@WESTMINSTER.AC.UK Subject: RE: 5.345 Qs: Database -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Mar 94 10:29:59 PST From: Richard Wojcik Subject: Re: Mosaic/WWW/html: a mostly negative review [Re: 5.301 Mosaic] Thanks to Lou Burnard for correcting my sloppy "superset" comment. Thanks also for missing some of the other goofs I made. ;-) I enjoyed Stephen Spackman's cranky critique of Mosaic and the Web. Just a couple of pointers about using the Web. As he says, it is good for exploring, but not so good for directed searches. The term "web" connotes loose, rather unorgan- ized connections. (The metaphor doesn't really apply to real spider webs, which are a lot tidier. :-) If you want to conduct serious research, then you need to look at tools like WAIS, ARCHIE, VERONICA, etc. Even with those tools, you will find that it is difficult to find what you want. The internet is organizing itself and evolving constantly, so I expect things to get better. But maybe Stephen is not taking advantage of some of Mosaic's features. If you find that the system is taking too long to access a link, click on the little revolving world in the upper right corner of the screen. That will stop the world from spinning and Mosaic from wasting your time. :-) Moreover, it is not always the case, as he says, that "to follow a thread through a hyperdocument, every single machine in that thread (and there can be dozens, all over the world) has to be up, connected, and running its server." If you know the address of a node beforehand, you can go there directly. If you can't get through to a new address, you have to wait and try later. Once you do get through, just add that "page" to your "hotlist", and you will be able to go there without relying on intervening nodes in the future. Whether you use Lynx, Mosaic, or the CERN line browser, there are a small number of good linguistically-oriented pages out in the Web. I like Rice University's gopher page, for example. Lately, I have taken to writing my own "pages" in HTML with direct links to those net pages that I want to visit most frequently. Once you begin to master HTML, you don't need to rely on other people's skills at organizing Web resources. You can create your own view on cyberspace. All you need to know is how to create the links in HTML. All you need to do is put the following on an html page in your home directory and start it up with a -home parameter. Linguistics from Rice U US gov't Language and Lit Page BTW, anyone who puts up a public Web page with a linguistic theme ought to advertise its existence to LINGUIST. Eventually, we will all be using this kind of technology to display our wares. IMHO, of course. Rick Wojcik (rwojcik@boeing.com) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 18:17 GMT From: HILTONM@WESTMINSTER.AC.UK Subject: RE: 5.345 Qs: Database Armin Bassarak in posting 5-345 asks about a Windows database for Russian or Arabic. I would have thought that any good windows database would handle the Russian, it should just be a matter of acquiring a cyrillic font. Arabic, because of cursor-reversal might be more of a problem. I am Mac-based, and I have just checked out Filemaker Pro -- from Claris and also available for Windows -- with Chinese, using the recently released WorldScript 2, and apart from a needing to find a way of making sure that the right Chinese font appears, i.e. a printer rather than a screen font, it seemed to work OK. We also have Arabic on some Macs, and I think there is one which has Filemaker Pro on it, so I could try that. I doubt if it will work, as we use Nisus with its extension for Arabic, and it is the program rather than the system that handles the cursor-reversing, I think. As for Arabic and Windows ... But installing a cyrillic font *should* solve the Russian problem ... shouldn't it? Mark R. Hilton University of Westminster School of Languages -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-369. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-370. Mon 28 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 395 Subject: 5.370 Last posting: Mainstream linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 12:37:50 CST From: "Richard L. Goerwitz" Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 1994 15:41:44 -0500 From: Elissa Feit Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics 3) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 1994 22:09:07 +0800 From: dalford@s1.csuhayward.edu (Dan Alford) Subject: Mainstream, and Linguistics as Science 4) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 15:43:50 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics 5) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 06:45:50 -0500 From: an995@freenet.carleton.ca (Paul Deane) Subject: Mainstream Linguistics ----------------------------------------------------------------- Moderators' message: We've received 10 or 12 requests to cut this discussion off and several complaints that it should never have been allowed to start in the first place. We are, in fact, cutting it off--except for messages which compare "mainstream" and "non-mainstream" approaches to data or specific linguistic questions. As one of our correspondents pointed out, very little of this kind of comparison ever finds its way into linguistic discussions; and so we wish to promote it. But perhaps the "sociolinguistics" of the discipline has now been sufficiently aired. However, we don't believe that the original "sociolinguistic" discussion was _in principle_ out of place on LINGUIST. We're committed to discussing every subfield of linguistics; and the historiography of the field is, in fact, a research interest of some of our subscribers. In that context, civil, supported messages did not seem out of place. We tried to filter out any that might have been construed as merely _ad hominem_ or otherwise inflammatory by returning them to the senders for editing. But we do hate to censor, so perhaps we've policed too little in this case. We don't want LINGUIST to be a vehicle for increasing divisiveness within the discipline. In fact, its major value, in our opinion, is that it provides a forum where different schools can talk to each other and potentially reach a clearer understanding of each other's positions. In a related vein: we suspect that one reason net discussions can sometimes get so hot is that they are "faceless." That is, it's easy to forget that we're attacking real persons or their work when we're not speaking directly to the individuals involved. For that reason, we appreciate those who speak up to the net, not just to us, when they feel their school or theory is inaccurately represented. We realize this takes time and stamina. But it does remove some of the facelessness and thus, we believe, promotes more considered discussion. -Helen & Anthony --------------------------Messages----------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 12:37:50 CST From: "Richard L. Goerwitz" Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics >[Li] suggests that while "generalizations are important....a distinction >needs to be made between 'linguistic generalizations' and 'what is >important in GB/PYP/formal etc. linguistics." Not sure what this means. >A generalization stated as an hypothesis or 'principle' in any thoery >is either a valid one or not. Evidence must be provided (empirical >language data as evidence) to support such a generalization. If the evidence >is faulty then the so-called generalization is not a linguistic generaliz. >but a spurious one and must be rejected. Very few generative treatments of languages in my area have enough respect for the data to represent valid generalizations. What is more, "proofs" offered for these generalizations often only appear as proofs to those who accept a whole series of hypotheses and corollaries going back to the very roots of the theoretical framework being used. If one does not accept the framework, the proofs become as spurious as the generalizations. In this sense, I have to agree that Li is right on the money. Typically theorists do not realize how theory-bound their "generalizations" are. Richard Goerwitz U of Chicago -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 1994 15:41:44 -0500 From: Elissa Feit Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics I have hesitated a great deal in posting, since I too am fairly bored with this thread (even if I am the first to openly say so), but one thing I continue to notice: linguists who I consider to be mainstream have been saying all along that they are not mainstream and that mainstream is defined by Chomskyan linguistics. Allow me a much different definition: mainstream linguistics is any linguistics that treats syntax as a separate module and then, IF then, assigns a semantics to that module's output. ("How else could you do it?," I hear the calls in the background.) I consider anyone who thinks that structure can occur without meaning, that two structures which are "paraphrases" mean the same thing, to be wearing these blinders. Consider the following (I'm attributing the following examples to James Pustejovsky): Sally believes_1 that John left. Sally believes_2 John to have left. and: Sally sees that John left. *Sally sees John to have left. I would state that people who think that believe_1 is not believe_2 (so they can somehow store the different structures that may follow) are instead believing that "that John left" and "John to have left" mean the same thing. (Actually, the former is a factive, and the latter is a proposition.) Furthermore, *by virtue of having different structures*, the two "paraphrases" mean different things. Whether or not you are Chomskyan, if you think that believe_1 and believe_2 have to be different, you are committing what I would call "the transformational fallacy". Thank you, Elissa Feit (feit@cs.buffalo.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 1994 22:09:07 +0800 From: dalford@s1.csuhayward.edu (Dan Alford) Subject: Mainstream, and Linguistics as Science As a non-Mainstream linguist (and proud of it!) teaching in English, Human Development, Anthropology and Liberal Arts Departments at various schools in the SF Bay Area, I am responding to Vicki Fromkin's recent (5.537) posting --which opens the door to a possible new discussion: Can/Should Linguistics Be Called A 'Science'? With all due respect to my former mentor, and despite my joy in seeing her quote Einstein for contemporary linguists, it's unfortunate that she equates *hypothesis* with *principle*, as clearly evidenced by her statement "A generalization stated as an hypothesis or 'principle' in any theory is either a valid one or not." A hypothesis is a guess, pure and simple, which can be tested/falsified, while principles, as in the Einstein quotation, "serve as the starting point of deductions" or hypotheses. A principle is simply a starting point, like an axiom in geometry, that can be neither proven nor disproven. According to Cassirer (Itzkoff 1971), "Principles constitute fixed points of the compass that are required for successful orientation in the world of phenomena. They are not so much assertions about empirical facts as maxims by which we interpret these facts in order to bring them together into a complete and coherent whole." Despite Vicki's assertion, it is scientifically impossible for a principle to be either valid or invalid; it can only lead (eventually) to useful or non-useful results. Einstein's principle of relativity led to useful results; Whorf's analogous principle of linguistic relativity -- who knows? Linguistic 'scientists' never took it seriously as a principle. (Then again, physicists never called Einstein's famous statement the "Einstein Hypothesis"). Therefore, any discipline which aspires to being 'scientific' cannot ignore the very carefully built-in distinctions of scientific terminology. But if linguistics is trying to be a science, is it trying to be a 19th-century science or a 20th/21st-century science? Obviously the former, since it has decidedly spurned the insights of its two major figures who tried to bring the discipline up to speed regarding the developments of 20th-century scientific thinking, Whorf and Pike, both of whom wrote about the necessity of studying the reality of language in all of its particle, wave and field aspects. But even if linguists were to relearn what science and scientific thinking have become in this century so that they could continue (but honestly) to call the discipline scientific (where that is more than just a 'magic word' substituting for 'rigorous'), the enterprise would still be doomed to failure -- and for one very simple reason: as particle physicist Greg Derry once told me, "If physics had to deal with the dimension of meaning as well as the rest of what it deals with, physics could no longer be a science." As a discipline, we have been hitchhiking at the crossroads of Science and Hermeneutics for nearly a century, knowing not which way to travel -- towards "that golden something called meaning" (Whorf), or towards its only scientific alternative, a linguistic model which recognizes a semantic *system associated with* language rather than a semantic *level of* language (Bloomfield). We all know by now what e.g. Chomsky's preference is. So do we want to be a science at the expense of dropping all pretense of studying meaning? If so, we will surely see the current dismal trend continue -- linguistics departments around the country closing their doors forever as a result of the rest of academia's verdict: nothing is revealed! Our pragmatic choice as a discipline: Integrate meaning and structure the way humans do it, or isolate structure as science and mathematics do. -- Moonhawk (%->) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 15:43:50 SST From: Anjum Saleemi Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics Dear Linguists: I must say that I'm simply amazed at the ferocity of the outbreak of anti-Chomsky feelings in many of the recent postings. Judging from the sort of things some people have been saying, it doesn't appear that anything like fear is in the least involved, or that anyone is really afraid of Chomsky or the so-called "Chomskyans". Although undoubtedly there are a number of legtimite issues to be sorted out, it doesn't seem ethical for a small number of people to target someone in particular for "trial by e-mail". If we started to condemn certain people because we weren't able to get a job we wanted to get, or weren't accepted for a conference, or were given a bad review, then we'd quickly turn into a bunch of real-world politicians, whose style of reasoning would be mainly tendentious and confrontational, and whose aim would simply be to win the battle at hand, rather than to lay bare the truth underlying a set of facts. And the facts are not clear enough; much of the evidence cited so far is either too self-importantly personal, or merely exegetical, terminological and definitional, or based on sources who can't be named because they don't want their identities to be divulged, and so on. I think people need to do a lot better before they can make the sort of accusations they've been making against Chomsky justifiably. It could well be that the problems, such as they are, emanate from the social and political structure of the academe as it has evolved over the centuries. To point out one salient fact, it appears to me that the general social structure of the academe is hierarchical in a church-like fashion and unabashedly elitist (rather than liberal-democratic). The number of people who are supposed to judge others (whether they are students or colleagues, whether deciding who passes and who fails, whether determining hiring policies or access to prestigious sources of public dissemination) is usually fairly small, and the system is based on the assumption that there is an intellectual elite in every field of inquiry which knows better. Consequently, proposals for research funding, for example, are reviewed by a few selected experts, not put to the public vote! For various reasons, I doubt if one can do without an elitist system in the domain of scientific thought, but I might be wrong. If I'm right, then some of the major questions to be considered would be of the following type: Does the selection of such an elite occur on a fair basis in various fields, in particulcar in linguistics? What does "fair" mean in this context? Who in the field should define these basis, or should they be allowed to evolve over the years? And so forth. The interesting point here, which is related to what I earlier called "Chomsky's problem" (re my message of 21nd Macrh), is that Chomsky obviously doesn't approve of an elitist conception of power in the political arena, but arguably such a conception in the intellectual realm might be inevitable. So my question, once again, is: Is Chomsky's political thinking too naive, or is the socio-political ethos of the field he has helped shape crucially over the last few decades more elitist that it should be --- as it were, flying in the face of his political views? In the end, I sincerely wish the discussants would exert more effort in the direction of pointing out the weaknesses of the system, and if possible suggest ways to improve it, and cut out the vitriolic polemic and innuendo that has characterized much of the discussion so far. Anjum Saleemi National University of Singapore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 06:45:50 -0500 From: an995@freenet.carleton.ca (Paul Deane) Subject: Mainstream Linguistics In her most recent posting, Vicki Fromkin writes: >Sorry to keep quoting authorities but sometimes it helps >to quote from an Einstein so no one can object to a statement >as simply another one of those `formalist' views. So a few more >quotes from AE: (All from Essays in Science--Basic Books, 1934) > "The scientist has to worm general principles which serve > as the starting point of deductions ... perceiving certain > general features which permit of precise formulation, amidst > large complexes of empirical facts." > "The theoretical scientist is compelled in an increasing > degree to be guided by purely mathematical, formal con- > siderations in his search for a theory, because the phys- > ical experience of the experimenter (or language analyst-- > vaf) cannot lift him into the regions of highest abstraction.l > The predominantly inductive methods appropriate to the youth > of science must give way to deduction. The context for this quote is the issue, "what is a linguistic generalization." Fromkin claims, specifically, that there is no difference between a "real linguistic generalization" and a theory-internal hypothesis: all general- izations, she argues, are equal and must be supported from the evidence. There are several points worthy of comment here. To begin with, it is important to note that the decision to quote Einstein in the con- text of the formalist/functionalist debate invites an implicature which Fromkin may or may not have intended. You see, if the above quotes directly justify the formalist position, then does it not follow that functionalists have abandoned basic tenets of scientific discourse? And if that is the case, could not the use of such rhetoric (in effect, though perhaps not in intent) set up an atmosphere in which formalists feel no need to attend to functionalist work on the grounds that it is not serious scientific research? Since, I trust, such an implicature is not Fromkin's actual main point, let us examine the actual issue such a quote raises for linguists. There are actually three issues to consider here: (i) What is an appropriate scientific standard for linguistics? (ii) What is the status of "formalization" relative to that standard? (iii) What is the relation between "linguistic generalizations" con- sidered in the abstract, and their concrete realization in an explicit theory such as G.B./P.P.A.? I hope we can all agree that the basic standard for linguistic theory is that we must (a) describe the linguistic facts--e.g., in syntax, we must describe how words combine into phrases and sentences, correctly noting which sentences are grammatical and which are not; (b) state general prin- ciples from which we can deduce the facts noted in (a); (c) that the princ- ciples in (b) must generalize to any human language; and (d) that it must provide an actual EXPLANATION of the data, by telling us what it is about human beings such that (a), (b) and (c) can actually hold true. These are basic canons of science and let's start by agreeing that everybody subscribing to Linguist would agree with them (at least at the abstract level given above.) The issue that comes up next is much more controversial: What is the proper way to state a predictive theory? Fromkin's quote of Einstein implicitly assumes that when Einstein refers to a "formal" theory he may properly be interpreted as referring to a generative grammar. But generative grammars, whether of the GB or HPSG type, are a particular type of mathematical object. There is no a priori guarantee that the properties of language are of that exact type. And in my understanding, at least, the functionalist objection to formalist theory is that the KIND of theory embodied in a generative grammar just forces one to ignore key properties of language in order to get the data to fit into the mathematical box presupposed by the theory. The problem at that point is that if a formalist assumes that "stating a scientific theory of language" is synonymous with "stating a generative theory of language", then the needed debate never gets off the ground. Why? Because any attempt by the functionalist to demonstrate the inadequacy of the formalist's formal assumptions is immediately inter- preted as evidence of the functionalist's lack of interest in scientific rigor. Of course, if the functionalist never seeks to state his/her theory in explicit, rigorous (but not necessarily generative!) terms, that is scientifically off-base. But that's hardly the case--to give a fairly simple example, Van Valin's Role and Reference Grammar can hardly be accused of lack of explicitness and rigor, despite the fact that it contravenes formalist assumptions at many points. With these preliminaries under our belt, we may now examine the last of the three issues I pointed out above: wheth _ --the relation between "real" linguistic generalizations and generalizations within a formal framework-- Fromkin professes not to know what the distinction is. I think it is a fairly obvious one. As linguists, we form generalizations. But these generalizations are IN OUR HEADS. When we state the generalizations in formal terms, we are finding a way to express and make explicit a general- ization we have already made mentally. There is a very big difference between the two. Among other things, linguists subscribing to very different formal theories may have very similar understandings of what kinds of relationships exist in the data. Translating those mental generalizations into a formal framework is not always a straightforward task. For example, work within the minimalist framework makes use of movement rules to get the verb next to each morphological affix in order to check (among other things) both for proper Case assignment and for proper agreement morphology. Underlying this (to the outsider, rather baroque, almost "PAC-MAN") style of syntactic analysis is an intuition which all syntacticians share: that a tensed verb bears a relationship both to its object (in its role as lexical verb) and to the subject (in its role as tense bearing element in the clause), and that it must manage somehow to bear both relationships and to obey the constraints applicable to both, including word order considerations. While all linguists might agree thus far, the G.B./P.P.A. approach adds a crucial assumptions: that all syntactic relations are to be represented in constituency trees, and that each position in a constituency tree can only represent a single syntactic relation. This forces a movement analysis of what is, pretheoretically, a straightforward pair of syntactic dependency relations. (By "pretheoretically", of course, I mean what a trained linguist of any school would appreciate as a valid linguistic generalization). The point, of course, is that there is a big difference between the decision about generally shared understandings of the data, which have to be captured in any theory, and theory-specific decisions about formalism, which impose an organization on the data which those outside the theory may not agree with. It will help if we recognize that people's objections to a framework are not necessarily objections to the principles of scientific discourse. And it is critical not to define data "out of the field" or theories "out of the mainstream" on the basis of dismissive rhetoric or presumptive understandings of what it is to do science. For instance, alluding to another post, I find it interesting that Raphael Salkie perceives George Lakoff as having moved out of linguistics "to an adjacent field." While Lakoff's research emphasis has certainly shifted from syntax to lexical semantics, why does Salkie perceive this as moving out of LINGUISTICS? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-370. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-371. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 125 Subject: 5.371 Jobs: Temporary Job, AI programmer/Computational, Research asst. Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 24 Mar 94 16:21:53 ES From: Inge DeBleecker Subject: Temporary Job Offers 2) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 1994 05:42:30 -0500 From: an995@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Paul Deane) Subject: Job 3) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 94 23:25:51 EST From: karin@fuddle.rutgers.edu (Karin Stromswold) Subject: research assistant position -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 24 Mar 94 16:21:53 ES From: Inge DeBleecker Subject: Temporary Job Offers Voice Processing Corporation, a leading speech recognition company based in Cambridge, MA, USA, is looking for 2 individuals to assist in a speech sample collection project, one person for Germany, and one person for German speaking Switzerland.. The main task of the person in charge is to have around 3,000 to 4,000 people call in to the system and go through the collection script. The person in charge preferably is a national of and living in the specific country, and needs to be somewhat familiar with computers. No other special skills are required, but persistance and creativity might come in handy. The projects should be finished in about a month, and are scheduled to start in May. Apart from the compensation, all costs related to the project itself, plus expenses for the person in charge will be covered by VPC. This project might be followed by two similar projects. If you are interested, please contact Inge De Bleecker by e-mail at inge@vpro.com, or call (617) 494-0100. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 1994 05:42:30 -0500 From: an995@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Paul Deane) Subject: Job I have been asked to post the following job announcement to appropriate lists. Please do not respond to my e-mail address, as I am not set up to forward messages. AI PROGRAMMER/COMPUTATIONAL LINGUIST A vacancy has arisen, within an interdisciplinary research team working on a leading-edge conceptual information retrieval system, for an AI Programmer with a strong background in Computational Linguistics. In addition to having a (preferably a Master's) degree in Computer Science and excellent skills in English, he/she should be very familiar with, and experienced in, C++ and LISP. While (initially) reporting to the Research Director, he/she will be required to work closely with other programmers and to liaise with the lexicologists on the team. If you are interested in this position, we will have an initial telephone conversation with you. But please first fax me your CV, and enclose a phone number where we can reach you for a confidential conversation, as soon as possible before April 5th. Douglas A. Young Research Director CMIR Project Megalith Technologies One Antares Drive NEPEAN Ontario, K2E 8C4, Canada FAX: (613) 225-2304 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 94 23:25:51 EST From: karin@fuddle.rutgers.edu (Karin Stromswold) Subject: research assistant position Research Assistant Position Cognitive & Neural Bases of Language & Language Acquisition A research assistant is needed to assist in studies of normal and abnormal language acquisition and studies of language processing by normal adults. The RA will be involved in all aspects of the studies, including recruitment and testing of subjects, designing and creating experimental stimuli, and analyzing data. This position is ideal for someone with a BA or MA in psychology, linguistics or cognitive science who wants laboratory experience before pursuing graduate training. If you or someone you know is interested in this position, please contact: Prof. Karin Stromswold Department of Psychology & Center for Cognitive Science Psychology Building, Busch Campus Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08903 fax (908) 932-2263 e-mail: karin@ruccs.rutgers.edu phone: (908) 932-2448 or (908) 932-4295 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-371. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-372. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.372 Calls: ESSLLI workshop Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 16:17:33 +0200 From: nnshi01@mailserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de (Erhard Hinrichs) Subject: Call for Presentations -- ESSLLI workshop -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 16:17:33 +0200 From: nnshi01@mailserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de (Erhard Hinrichs) Subject: Call for Presentations -- ESSLLI workshop CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS The Sixth European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI-6) will be held at the Copenhagen Business School from August 8th to 19th, 1994. The main focus of the Summer School is the interface between logic, language and computation. The scientific program will include courses, workshops and symposia covering a variety of topics within six different program areas. As part of the program area "Logic and Computation" a workshop on the topic of GRAMMAR FORMALISMS FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING will be organized by Erhard W. Hinrichs (University of Tuebingen) and Tsuneko Nakazawa (NTT Laboratories). This workshop will concentrate on the representation of linguistic information in the areas of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics for natural language processing. The discussion will focus on: -- the use of grammar formalisms in computational linguistics, i.e. the relationship between linguistic theories, the formalization and computer implementation of such theories, -- the computational properties of grammar formalisms currently used in computational linguistics. A special effort will be made to include a variety of grammar formalisms that are currently used in computational linguistics. The workshop will take place during the second week of the ESSLLI summer school (five meetings; Monday - Friday, August 15th-19th). ESSLLI workshops are organized to provide an opportunity for Ph.D. students and junior researchers to present their work and to receive feedback from summer school participants. To this end, Ph.D. students, those who have recently completed their Ph.D., and junior researchers working in industry are invited to make proposals for 30-minute presentations at the workshop. Each proposal should contain: a. the name(s), affiliation(s) and email address(es) of the researcher(s) b. an abstract of the work to be presented, not to exceed two pages in length. Paper-length submissions will not be reviewed. c. the primary area(s) addressed by the research: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, or others (please specify). Electronic submissions are preferred (plain text or self-contained LATeX source) and should be sent to both of the following two addresses: hinrichs@mailserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de tsuneko@nttnly.ntt.jp Fax submissions to both organizers with the following numbers are also possible: +81 468 59 3428 (please address the fax to Tsuneko Nakazawa) +49 (0)7071 550520 (please address the fax to Erhard W. Hinrichs) Please make sure to send your electronic submission or fax to both organizers. The deadline for submission is April 29th, 1994. Authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by May 22th, 1994. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-372. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-373. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 197 Subject: 5.373 Confs: Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America conference Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Mar 1994 04:42:27 -0600 (CST) From: FLSM 5 Subject: Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America conference: program & -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 27 Mar 1994 04:42:27 -0600 (CST) From: FLSM 5 Subject: Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America conference: program & ******************************************************* ** Formal Linguistics Society of Mid-America V ** ******************************************************* The FLSM 5 conference will be held at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, from Friday May 20 to Sunday May 22. Participants from North America and Europe will present thirty five papers in all fields of theoretical linguistics. Three invited speakers will address the conference: Angelika Kratzer (U Massachusetts, Amherst), James McCloskey (UC Santa Cruz) and Donca Steriade (UC Los Angeles). Full details of the program, accommodation, food and transport information will be mailed this week to all reviewers, submitters of abstracts and those who have inquired. Others may contact us at the addresses below. 1. Preliminary Program: All sessions will take place at 1320 Digital Computer Laboratory (there are a couple of titles which at present overlap with other current conference programs) Friday May 20 8.00 Registration 8.45 Welcome: Head, Department of Linguistics Elmer Antonsen 9.00 Infinitival Complements in a Minimalist Theory of Grammar David Kathman (University of Chicago) 9.30 Selection Properties of Raising Verbs: Not What They "Seem" Janine Graziano-King (CUNY Graduate School) 10.00 The Resurrection: Raising to Comp Andrew Carnie (MIT) Heidi Harley (MIT) Elizabeth Pyatt (MIT) 10.30 Break 10.40 Clitics and Object Drop in Greek and the Romance Languages Alexis Dimitriadis (University of Pennsylvania) 11.10 Romance and Germanic Clitics: a Parametric Difference Marco Haverkort (UC Berkeley) 11.40 Serbo-Croatian Second Position Clitic Placement Carson Schutze (MIT) 12.10 Checking Interrogative Subject Pronouns in Romance Maarten de Wind (University of Groningen) 12.40 Lunch break 2.00 The Semantics and Pragmatics of Lexical Aspect Features Mari Broman Olsen (Northwestern University) 2.30 The Structure of CONTEXT: the Representation of Pragmatic Restrictions in HPSG Georgia Green (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 3.00 Idioms and Structured Entailment Pools Gert Webelhuth (University of North Carolina) 3.30 Break 3.40 Verbal Prefixes in Slavic as Functional Heads George Fowler (Indiana University) 4.10 Lithuanian Participle Agreement and the Shortest Move Condition Jairo Nunes (University of Maryland) 4.40 Expletive Subjects in West Slavic Martina Lindseth (Indiana University) 5.10 Are you Right? Nigel Duffield (McGill University) 5.40 Dinner break 7.00 The Morphology-Syntax Interface in Creolization (& Diachrony) Michel DeGraff (University of Michigan) 7.30 The Change in Negation in Middle English Stefan Frisch (Northwestern University) 8.00 On Experiencers and Subjects of Perfect Predicates Rakesh Bhatt (University of Tennessee at Knoxville) 8.30 ***Invited speaker: James McCloskey (UC Santa Cruz) *** Title: to be announced Saturday May 21 9.00 Demonstratives, Focus, and the Interpretation of Complex NPs in Mandarin Chinese Mary Wu (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 9.30 Tense Structure and the Syntax of Temporal Adverbs Ellen Thompson (University of Maryland) 10.00 Intervention Phenomena: Towards an Extended Monotonicity Calculus Michael Kas (University of Groningen) Frans Zwarts (University of Groningen) 10.30 Break 10.40 Alignment Constraints in ATR Harmony Akinbiyi Akinlabi (Rutgers University) 11.10 A Domain Based Theory of Harmony Jennifer Cole (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Charles Kisseberth (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 11.40 A Constraint-Based Analysis of Place Assimilation Typology Jongho Jun (UC Los Angeles) 12.10 The OCP and Gradient Data Deborah Milam Berkeley (Northwestern University) 12.40 Lunch break 2.00 ***Invited speaker: Donca Steriade, UC Los Angeles*** Title: to be announced 3.10 Iambicity in Southeast Asia Fraser Bennett (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 3.40 Contra Consonantal Elizabeth Hume (Ohio State University) David Odden (Ohio State University) 4.10 "La Double Vie de W" or The Status of [w] in Karuk Rebecca Herman (Ohio State University) 4.40 On the Direct Mapping between Syntax and PF Gorka Elordieta (University of Southern California) 5.10 Business meeting 5.30 Dinner break 7.00 ***Invited speaker: Angelika Kratzer, UC*** Title: to be announced 8.20 Reception / Banquet (Illini Union, 1401 W. Green, Urbana) Sunday May 22 9.00 A Negation Typology and NPI Licensing Daeho Chung (University of Southern California) Abdessalam Elomari (University of Southern California) 9.30 Binding at the Syntax-Semantics Interface Jean-Marc Authier (University of Ottawa) 10.00 A Typological Study of NP Extraction from Quantifier Phrases Kuo-ming Sung (UC Los Angeles) 10.30 Break 10.40 Resultatives and Motion Verbs in Japanese Natsuko Tsujimura (Indiana University) 11.10 Derivations and Reconstruction Andrew Barss (University of Arizona) 11.40 VP-Internal Subject Hypothesis and ATB Gap Parallelism Byong-Kwon Kim (U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 12.10 Factive Complements and Wh-Extraction Spyridoula Varlokosta (University of Maryland) Lunch and departure 2. Registration: Please send the following information to FLSM: name, affiliation, snail mail and email addresses, telephone and fax numbers. Fees are as follows: students non-students a. up to April 30: $10 $15 b. at the conference: $15 $20 Personal checks (USA only), money orders and cashier's checks can be made to: University of Illinois. ================================================================ Direct all inquiries to: a. email: flsm5@cogsci.uiuc.edu b. fax: (217) 333-3466 c. phone: (217) 333-3563 d. snail mail: FLSM V Committee Department of Linguistics University of Illinois 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Urbana, IL 61820 ================================================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-373. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-374. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 146 Subject: 5.374 Confs: DTI CSCW SIG ONE DAY CONFERENCE Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 29 Mar 1994 11:44:42 +0000 From: Pemberton Lyn Subject: CFP: Linguistics and CSCW - London -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 29 Mar 1994 11:44:42 +0000 From: Pemberton Lyn Subject: CFP: Linguistics and CSCW - London ****************************************************************** ************ PLEASE NOTE CHANGE OF DATE *********** ****************************************************************** DTI CSCW SIG ONE DAY CONFERENCE LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS AND METHODS IN COMPUTER SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK 10 a.m. Tuesday 1st November Department of Trade and Industry, Kingsgate House, 66-74 Victoria St, London SW1E 6SW Organisers: John Connolly (Loughborough University of Technology) and Lyn Pemberton (University of Brighton) Computer -Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is the name of a fairly new field of study, which emerged in the 1980's and has been the focus of growing interest in the 1990's. It is concerned with the scientific and technological implications of the fact that when people are confronted with a problem to solve or a task to accomplish, they frequently seek to achieve their goal through collaboration with others. This cooperative method of working, which is intrinsically based on the group rather than on the individual, can often benefit from assistance which computer-based systems are capable of providing. This technological support may take the form of electronic mail, multi-author word processing packages, shared drawing environments or any of number of other facilities. However, the design and implementation of such systems (known collectively as 'groupware') raises a whole host of unresolved issues, all of which fall within the purview of CSCW. These issues involve a wide range of academic disciplines, including Linguistics. As is widely acknowledged, an essential prerequisite to successful cooperative working is communication among the participants in the task concerned. Linguistics provides procedures for the analysis of verbal communication, whether spoken or written, and hence immediately suggests itself as a source of descriptive methods that may be fruitfully employed in the study of the communication inherent in CSCW. However, linguistic concepts can also be applied in other ways to CSCW technology, notably in relation to the design of groupware-based systems. Furthermore, not only is it feasible for Linguistics to cast light upon CSCW, but it is also possible for our understanding of human language as a vehicle of communication to be broadened and deepened through the investigation of its use within CSCW activity. The HCI (Human Computer Interface) Club of the DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) has established a thriving Special Interest Group (SIG) devoted to CSCW. One of the main activities of the SIG is to organise a series of regular one-day conferences on topics of interest. (The papers presented at these seminars are normally published, in revised form, as part of the Springer-Verlag CSCW Book Series). The purpose o f the seminar to be held on November 1 1994 is to explore and examine the relationship between Linguistics and CSCW. Among the various levels of linguistic analysis, so far it has been the pragmatic layer that has attracted the most attention from the point of view of CSCW. However, the other levels are equally relevant. So too are the related subjects of Sociolinguistics, Anthropological Linguistics, Stylistics, Quantitative Linguistics and Psycholinguistics. Papers on any of these topics will be considered for inclusion in this seminar; and since the bringing together of Linguistics and CSCW is a comparatively new idea, papers may be submitted which deal either with actual or with potential applications. The seminar should appeal to members of the Linguistics community who appreciate the potential for applying their subject in a new and exciting technological domain; to members of the computational linguistic community with an interest in language technology in relation to computer-mediated communication and to members of the CSCW community with an interest in the communicative interaction among cooperating partners. Furthermore, the seminar should be attractive not only to academics pursuing research in the above areas but also to members of the industrial and commercial community who are interested in the implications of such research for the design of marketable systems. It is hoped, therefore, that the seminar will lead to a valuable exchange of ideas among individuals and groups from different backgrounds, and that it will result in an enhanced, shared understanding of the benefits of bringing together CSCW and the various applicable concepts and methods from Linguistics. Offers of papers concerned with any aspect of Linguistics (pure or hybrid!) will be welcomed and should be sent to John Connolly (address below) to arrive by Monday 1 August, 1994. Email submissions are acceptable. Typically art a CSCW SIG meeting, a 20 minute slot is allocated to each presentation. However, requests for slightly longer or shorter durations will be considered, provided that these are received at the same time as the abstract. Those who wish to attend but not present a paper should contact Patrick Holligan (address below). They will then be sent particulars when these become available. For security reasons, the DTI insist on the preregistration of delegates. It is therefore essential that everyone who wishes to attend should inform Mr Holligan beforehand. Addresses : Dr.J.H. Connolly, Department of Computer Studies, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leics., LE11 3TU, U.K. Janet: J.H.Connolly@uk.ac.lut Internet: J.H.Connolly%lut.ac.uk@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk Telephone: 0509-222943 Fax: 0509-211586 Dr L. Pemberton: IT Research Institute, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4AT, UK. Janet: LP22@uk.ac.bton.unix Internet: LP22%unix.bton.ac.uk@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk Telephone: 0273 642916/2476 Fax: 0273 606 653 P.J. Holligan Dept of Computer Studies Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leics., LE11 3TU, U.K. P.J. Holligan@lut.ac.uk Internet: P.J.Holligan%lut.ac.uk@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk Telephone: 0509-222694 Fax: 0509-211586 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-374. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-375. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 150 Subject: 5.375 Confs: Info on ORALITE Conference Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 12:39:08 EST From: lessard@quvinci.francais.QueensU.CA (Greg Lessard) Subject: Info on ORALITE Conference -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 12:39:08 EST From: lessard@quvinci.francais.QueensU.CA (Greg Lessard) Subject: Info on ORALITE Conference APPEL A LA PARTICIPATION Colloque ORALITE Langue parlee: stabilite, variation et representation Centre Donald Gordon, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada du 3 au 5 mai 1994 PROGRAMME PROVISOIRE Johanne Benard (Queen's) Representer ou presenter la langue parlee? Le texte celinien Gisele Chevalier (Moncton) Les valeurs du futur en acadien Denise Deshaies (Laval) Le projet PROSO: perception de l'accent Gaetane Dostie (Montreal) Les marqueurs discursifs "ecoute" et "regarde" Khadiyatoula Fall (Chicoutimi), Daniel Simeoni (McMaster) Le sens en construction dans les discours oraux Karin Flikeid (St. Mary's) Stabilite et variation en francais acadien Cynthia Fox, Louise Charbonneau (SUNY) Le francais de la Nouvelle-Angleterre Michel Francard (Louvain) La banque VALIBEL: variation linguistique en Belgique Troy Heisler (Laval) Analyse de fonctions discursives de OK en situation d'entrevue en francais montrealais Sylvia Kasparian, (Moncton) Alternance de langue et dynamique conversationnelle Marty Laforest, Troy Heisler (Laval) Strategies d'ecoute et modes d'organisation discursive en situation d'entrevue Jean-Marcel Leard (Sherbrooke) Particules enonciatives en langue parlee Pierre Martel (Sherbrooke) Variation orthographique lexicale dans les textes oraux du francais quebecois France Martineau, Virginia Motapanyane (Moncton) Les infinitives hypothetiques en francais du Canada Francoise Mougeon (York) Les deux chapeaux de l'emprunt ou le role de l'emprunt comme marqueur sociostylistique au Canada et en France Raymond Mougeon, Edouard Beniak (Toronto) Nivellement des formes du pluriel Christine Nivet (Simon Fraser) La phrase et le syntagme du francais oral: realite, diversite et complexite Shana Poplack (Ottawa) La dynamique sociolinguistique de la convergence apparente Christine Rouget (UBC) "espece de, genre de, sorte de" a l'oral et a l'ecrit Laurent Santerre (Montreal) Analyse phonetique instrumentale Diane Vincent (Laval) Analyse phonetique et sociolinguistique du changement: le cas de "par exemple" en francais quebecois DEROULEMENT DU COLLOQUE Inscription: les 3, 4 et 5 mai, 9h - 17h. Seance d'ouverture: le 3 mai, 13h. Communications: le 3 mai, 14h - 17h; les 4 et 5 mai, 9h - 17h. L'horaire final sera distribue aux participants a l'inscription. INSCRIPTION L'inscription se fait en deux etapes: (1) l'inscription au colloque; (2) la demande de logement. Pour vous inscrire au colloque, veuillez contacter le departement d'etudes francaises, par telephone, par fax, par courrier electronique ou par la poste (voir indications ci-dessous). Colloque ORALITE Departement d'etudes francaises Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 Tel: 613-545-2090 Fax: 613-545-6522 Email: lessard@francais.queensu.ca Au moment de contacter le departement, veuillez fournir vos nom, titre, adresse et numeros de telephone et de fax, ainsi que votre adresse pour le courrier electronique. Le cout total de participation pour les trois jours du colloque est de 62.68 $ (taxes comprises). Cela comprend les frais de participation, les resumes etendus, les pauses-cafe au Centre Donald Gordon, et les repas de midi du 4 et du 5 mai. Un taux journalier est egalement disponible. Les frais du colloque seront a regler par cheque personnel a l'arrivee au Centre Donald Gordon. C'est a ce moment-la que seront distribues les resumes etendus des communications, les macarons, ainsi que d'autres documents. LOGEMENT Le Centre Donald Gordon est une vieille maison construite en 1840 et amenagee en centre de colloque. Le Centre offre non seulement des salles de conference, mais egalement une residence de type universitaire. Adresser toute demande de logement directement au Centre, soit par telephone, soit par fax. Donald Gordon Centre Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 Tel: 613-545-2090 Fax: 613-545-2221 Le logement au Centre est disponible en format modulaire, comme suit: - logement (une nuit) petit dejeuner compris: 48.50 $ plus taxes - repas du soir: 22.43 $ (taxes comprises) Dans la demande de logement, veuillez specifier votre nom, votre adresse et vos dates d'arrivee et de depart. Un nombre limite de chambres a ete retenu jusqu'au 15 avril 1994. Il serait bien de prendre contact avec le Centre avant cette date. Ceux qui voudraient loger ailleurs que dans le Centre Donald Gordon pourront obtenir des renseignements sur les hotels et d'autres logements aupres du bureau de tourisme de Kingston, soit par telephone (613-548-4415), soit par fax (613-548-4549). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-375. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-376. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 172 Subject: 5.376 Confs: Speech and Handwriting Workshop, LANGUES ET GRAMMAIRE I Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 18:00:33 GMT From: Dr TG Rose Subject: Speech and Handwriting Workshop Programme 2) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 94 04:34:38 EST From: sigler@MIT.EDU Subject: conference announcement and call for papers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 24 Mar 94 18:00:33 GMT From: Dr TG Rose Subject: Speech and Handwriting Workshop Programme Computational Linguistics for Speech and Handwriting Recognition ================================================================ A one-day workshop organized by L.J. Evett & T.G. Rose as part of the AISB 1994 Workshop Series 12th April 1994 Leeds University, England PROGRAMME ========= SESSION 1 ========= 10:00 - 10:10 Introduction - Lindsay Evett (chair) 10:10 - 10:35 "Integrating probabilistic and knowledge-based approaches to corpus parsing" John Carroll & Ted Briscoe Cambridge University / Rank Xerox 10:35 - 11:00 "Applying syntactic information to text recognition" Frank Keenan & Lindsay Evett Oxford University Press / Nottingham Trent University 11:00 - 11:30 Coffee Break 11:30 - 11:55 "A large vocabulary semantic network for computerised speech recognition" George Demetriou & Eric Atwell Leeds University 11:55 - 12:20 "Corpus-based contextual analysis for speech and handwriting recognition" Tony Rose, Lindsay Evett & Mike Lee Nottingham Trent University 12:20 - 12:45 "A methodical approach to word class formation using automatic evaluation" John Hughes & Eric Atwell Leeds University ===================== 12:45 - 14.00 LUNCH ===================== SESSION 2 ========= 14:10 - 14:15 Introduction - Tony Rose (chair) 14:15 - 14:40 "A hierarchical, mutual information based probabilistic language model" Uwe Jost & Eric Atwell Leeds University 14:40 - 15:05 "Language models: where is the bottleneck?" Andreas Kornai IBM Almaden Research Center 15:05 - 15:30 "Integration of linguistic knowledge into pattern recognition" Michael Ingleby, Wiebke Brockhaus & Carl Chalfont, Huddersfield University 15:30 - 16:00 Tea Break 16:00 - 16:25 "Sentence hypothesization in a speech recognition and understanding system for the Slovene spoken language" Jerneja Gros, France Mihelic & Nikola Pavesic Ljubljana University 16:25 - 16:50 "Language modeling for a real-world handwriting recognition task" Thomas Bruel IDIAP, Switzerland 16:50 - 17:30 Plenary Session 17:30 Close Attendance is limited. For further details, contact: Tony Rose (tgr@uk.ac.ntu.doc) Lindsay Evett (lje@uk.ac.ntu.doc) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 94 04:34:38 EST From: sigler@MIT.EDU Subject: conference announcement and call for papers LANGUES ET GRAMMAIRE - I Universite' Paris - 8 June 23-25, 1994 The Department of Linguistics of the University Paris 8 wishes to organize on an annual basis, an international conference where recent developments in linguistic theory in the domains of Syntax, Semantics, Phonolgy and Morphology will be presented. SUBMISSION INFORMATION: Submit three anonymous copies of an abstract, accompanied by a camera-ready copy bearing author's name, affiliation, address. Abstracts should not exceed TWO PAGES, for a 45 minute talk. They must reach us before APRIL 9, 1994. Please send abstracts to: "LANGUE ET GRAMMAIRE - I" Comite' d'organisation De'partement des Sciences du Langage Universite' Paris - 8 2, rue de la Liberte' F-93526 Saint-Denis Cedex 02 FRANCE Presentations may be in FRENCH or ENGLISH. The language used in the abstract will be the language of the presentation. =======>> We cannot accept submissions by e-mail <<===== Decisions will be made known around May 15 and a final program distributed. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = There will be a special session on "BE" and "HAVE". If you wish your abstract to be considered for this special session, please indicate it on a separate sheet. ======================================================================= For more information call: +33+1+49406418, fax: +33+1+49406783 The organizing committee: Georges Tsoulas - Le'a Nash ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-376. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-377. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 199 Subject: 5.377 FYI: Linguistics and a Supreme Court case, NPR E-mail addresses Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 14:43:24 PST From: jkaplan@sciences.sdsu.edu (Jeffrey Kaplan) Subject: Linguistics and a Supreme Court case 2) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 00:20:47 -0700 (MST) From: Rudy Troike Subject: NPR E-mail addresses to protest bias against Southern speech -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 14:43:24 PST From: jkaplan@sciences.sdsu.edu (Jeffrey Kaplan) Subject: Linguistics and a Supreme Court case Subscribers to LINGUIST may be interested to know that recent collaborative research on linguistic issues in a legal case on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, conducted by a legal scholar (Clark Cunningham of Washington U. in St. Louis) and three linguists (Judith Levi of Northwestern, Georgia Green of Illinois, and Jeff Kaplan of San Diego State) and submitted to the Court before the Court's decision, may have had a major influence on the Court's decision. In U.S. v. Granderson, a 7-2 opinion handed down on March 22, the Court held that Ralph Granderson, a former postal worker from Atlanta, GA, had been wrongfully imprisoned due to a misreading of the 1988 Anti-Drug Abuse Act. The decision ended years of confusion among the lower courts about what the U.S. Congress meant in 1988 when it directed judges to revoke probation for defendants found to be using drugs and sentence them "to not less than one-third of the original sentence." In 1991 Granderson pled guilty to delaying delivery of a letter and was sentenced to five years probation. Had he been sentenced to prison, the maximum term of imprisonment would have been six months. A few months later his probation was revoked when a drug test showed positive. The trial judge, as had many other federal judges, read the 1988 law as requiring him to imprison Granderson for not less than one-third of the term of probation, and sent him to prison for twenty months - - more than a year longer than if he had been sentenced to prison in the first place. In sending Granderson to prison, the judge said he didn't like what he thought the law was requiring him to do and told Granderson: "I hope you appeal and win." The work on this case was carried out primarily by Georgia Green and Clark Cunningham, as part of a larger study co-authored by all four to appear in the Yale Law Journal at the end of this month ("Plain Meaning and Hard Cases," 103 Yale Law Journal 1560-1625 (March 1994)). The law required the judge to sentence Granderson to "not less than one-third of the original sentence." If "original sentence" referred to the sentence initially imposed, then revoking that sentence and imposing a sentence "not less than one-third of the original sentence" would reduce the sanction, not increase it, which, to put it mildly, would not effectuate the point of the statute. The trial court instead read the statute as requiring the court to sentence the defendant to a term of IMPRISONMENT not less than one-third of the original term of PROBATION. That is, the court treated the expression "original sentence" as if it had one meaning for computing the term of punishment and another for determining the form of punishment. Review of the the controlling statutory chapter of the U.S. Code on sentencing revealed certain co-occurrence differences between "sentence" in the provision at issue and "sentence" everywhere else in the sentencing chapter, as if a speaker of one "dialect" had interrupted a speaker of another. This finding led to a review of the legislative history of the sentencing statute, particularly a search for evidence that the provision at issue might have been drafted with an earlier meaning in mind for "sentence." Prior to 1984, "sentence" in the context of criminal conviction meant imprisonment, fine, or both; in 1984 probation was made a type of "sentence" rather than an alternative to a "sentence." This review revealed that the provision, added in 1988, was literally a last-minute amendment that did not go through the normal committee process; its drafter(s) may not have been aware of the 1984 change in the sense of "sentence" to include probation. Consequently the statute is ambiguous between a legally implausible reading ("sentence the defendant to a term of probation not less than one-third of the original term of probation") and a legally plausible reading ("sentence the defendant to a term of imprisonment not less than one-third of the original term of imprisonment that could have been imposed" (6 months)). (A third "reading," interpreting the word "sentence" differently for computing the term of punishment and for deciding the type of punishment, was given by the trial court, several courts of appeal, and the two dissenting Supreme Court justices.) Tracking this analysis in its opinion, and applying the legal rule of lenity (ambiguities are construed in favor of criminal defendants), the Court held that Granderson should have been sentenced to a minimum of 2 months' imprisonment and a maximum of 6 months. Since he had already served 11 months, he was ordered released. None of the nine federal courts of appeals who had earlier interpreted the provision at issue nor any of briefs filed before the Supreme Court made reference to this evidence that Congress may simply have made a mistake. But the Court's opinion, written by Justice Ginsburg, mentions all the evidence uncovered by Green and Cunningham in reaching the decision that the provision is ambiguous, so that it should be interpreted in Granderson's favor. The decision will affect sentencing throughout the federal courts. Now when a person violates probation by using drugs, the minimum required prison sentence will be only one-third of the maximum possible imprisonment for the original offense. This case probably represents the first time that linguists and legal scholars have worked together to analyze cases pending before the U.S. Supreme Court and have made their findings available to the Court and the parties before the Court's decision. Individuals interested in more information about this work can contact any member of the research team at the appropriate e-mail address below: Clark Cunningham (law, Washington U.): cdcunnin@artsci.wustl.eduu Georgia Green (linguistics, U. Illinois): green@lees.cogsci.uiuc.edu Judith Levi (linguistics, Northwestern): jlevi@casbah.acns.nwu.edu Jeff Kaplan (linguistics, San Diego State): jkaplan@sciences.sdsu.edu Jeff Kaplan Linguistics San Diego State University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 25 Mar 1994 00:20:47 -0700 (MST) From: Rudy Troike Subject: NPR E-mail addresses to protest bias against Southern speech Here are some e-mail addresses for NPR. I hope people will follow Dennis's suggestion of protesting. I may do it, although I'm afraid my anger will end up making my protest less coherent. Anti-Southern bias is one of very few things in the world that evoke anger in me. The only thing that makes me even angrier than anti-Southern bias is the even more specific anti-Mississippi bias. Like many Southerners, I feel what is perhaps an irrationally strong attachment to my state. --Natalie (maynor@ra.msstate.edu) ********************************** Weekend Edition/Sunday (wesun@clark.net) Weekend All Things Considered (watc@cap.gwu.edu) Talk of the Nation (totn@aol.com) Science Friday (scifri@aol.com) Fresh Air (freshair@shrsys.hslc.org) Please note that e-mail to the above addresses cannot be forwarded to other NPR departments (Audience Services, Transcripts/Tapes, Morning Edition, Weekday ATC, Weekend Edition/Saturday, etc.). For more information, or to order a transcript or tape, call NPR Audience Services at (202) 414-3232. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-377. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-378. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 111 Subject: 5.378 Qs: "go" Past, Swahili, Arabic script, Ainu and Ryuukyuu Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 11:21:09 +0100 From: Manuel Perez Saldanya Subject: "go" Past 2) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 15:27:16 +0100 (BST) From: Lindsay Endell Subject: Swahili 3) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 17:39:18 +0200 From: "Cath Pease" Subject: Arabic script 4) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 10:57:36 -0500 From: hnabe@COLBY.EDU (ABE Hideko Nornes) Subject: the Ainu and Ryuukyuu languages -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 94 11:21:09 +0100 From: Manuel Perez Saldanya Subject: "go" Past I am working on the "go" Past that exists in different Romance languages (Catalan, some dialects of Occitan, medieval French): Joan va escriure ahir una carta (Catalan) John goes write yestarday a letter 'John wrote a letter yesterday' Does anyone know of any other languages which have got a similar "go" Past or any references that explain this phenomenon in these hypothetical languages? Please send replies to me, and I will summarize. Manuel Perez-Saldanya psaldanya@mac.uv.es -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 15:27:16 +0100 (BST) From: Lindsay Endell Subject: Swahili Please can anyone help me? I need a Swahili speaker who can help me translate a sentence, partly for an essay and partly for interest. The context of the work is an essay on the complementizers kuwa, kwambe and kama in Swahili. The context of the sentence is safer sex practices: Tumia njia nyenginezo zisizo za kuingiliana kama vile kumwoga manii nje ya mwili wa mshiriko wako, kuchuana, kupiga besheni, kukumbatiana, kucheaeana na kadhalika. Your help would be gratefully recieved, Lindsay lie1@unix.york.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 17:39:18 +0200 From: "Cath Pease" Subject: Arabic script Could anyone please tell me where I can find fonts, an editor and the environment for writing in Arabic script suitable for Unix under X? Thank you for your help, Yours Sincerely, Cath Pease -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 94 10:57:36 -0500 From: hnabe@COLBY.EDU (ABE Hideko Nornes) Subject: the Ainu and Ryuukyuu languages Does anyone know if there are books on the Ainu or Ryuukyuu (Okinawa) language (spoken in Japan) in English? If you do, please send the information directly to me (hnabe@colby.edu). Thank you. ABE Hideko Nornes East Asian Cultures and Languages Colby Collge Waterville, ME 04901 ABE Hideko Nornes --- 16 Brooklyn Ave., Waterville, ME 04901 Phone/FAX: (207) 873-9566 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-378. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-379. Thu 31 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 192 Subject: 5.379 Qs: Hosers, Fluency, Morph analyzers, Intro English syntax book Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 1994 14:46:01 -0500 (EST) From: Twila Tardif Subject: "hosers" 2) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 1994 20:10:54 +0100 (BST) From: "M. Koponen" Subject: Query: Fluency 3) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 1994 05:19:10 -0500 From: an995@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Paul Deane) Subject: Query: Morphological Analyzers 4) Date: 29 Mar 1994 22:58:27 -0500 (EST) From: Ali Aghbar Subject: Inquiry: Introductory English Syntax Book -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 1994 14:46:01 -0500 (EST) From: Twila Tardif Subject: "hosers" All right here is a quiz for all Canadian-English etymology enthusiasts: I have been asked too many times now about the origin of "hosers" and "hose off, eh"? My earliest memory of this term was from Bob & Doug McKenzie on Toronto's SCTV but I assume it was not original to them. Where did these expressions come from and to which "hose"s were they referring? My own imagination for a possible origin is this: It is the middle of winter and a bunch of die-hard Canadians decide it is time to flood the backyard to make a skating rink for pick-up hockey games. Somebody makes a smart-assed remark and then gets told to "hose off" --a rather painful and definitely off-putting experience in the dead of winter. I am sure that this is not the origin but I am curious about any and all other possibilities/guesses. I will post a summary for those who are interested in this odd piece of Canuck kulture. --Twila Tardif twila@umich.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 1994 20:10:54 +0100 (BST) From: "M. Koponen" Subject: Query: Fluency I am doing a Ph.D. research into 'perceived non-native fluency'in English. Although 'fluency' as a term has been in use in English for roughly four centuries, the problem with 'fluency' is that very little to my knowledge has been written about how 'fluency' became a key term in language teaching, particularly in EFL. 1) Would anyone know any references to the history of the terms 'fluency' & 'fluently' (in English or any other language)? 2) Another point is the meaning of 'fluency'/'fluently' in oral and written language. Everybody appears to know what they mean. What do they actually mean? 3) Thirdly, if you translate 'fluency' and 'fluently' into other languages, what do you get? Would you render 'fluency'/'fluently' in terms of 'flowing' elements, 'fluidity', 'continuity', 'progressivity', 'facility' or communicative competence, or what? 4) In my native language Finnish there is a rough equivalent for both terms, but not to my knowledge for instance in Swedish and some other languages. What equivalent would you use in your native language and why? I will post a summary to the list. Please send all replies to me at this address: Mr. Matti Koponen Visiting Scholar Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics Keynes House Trumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1QA U.K. With many thanks, Matti Koponen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 1994 05:19:10 -0500 From: an995@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Paul Deane) Subject: Query: Morphological Analyzers The research project I am associated with need to obtain a simple morph- ological analyzer for English. I would greatly appreciate it if people would let me know what commercial products are available. We are looking for something which meets the following parameters: 1. First priority is that the product be able to handle the productive inflectional morphology of English, so that if it encounters an unknown or rare word, it will recognize that it consists, for example, of a stem plus -ING. 2. Second priority is that the product be able to recognize irregular inflectional forms. In either case, we are looking for something which will take as input a word form, and give as output a (potential) stem plus the inflectional information associated with that stem. It would be nice if the analyzer could handle common derivational patterns, but this is not top priority. There are several other desiderata: A. The morphological analyzer is for the development of a proprietary information retrieval system, so we are looking specifically for a commercial product that could be licensed to us, not something in the public domain. B. We would prefer a system written in C or C++ for which the source code is available. I would greatly appreciate if people would let me know what systems are out there for morphological analysis of English. If there is enough interest, I will post a summary to the list. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: 29 Mar 1994 22:58:27 -0500 (EST) From: Ali Aghbar Subject: Inquiry: Introductory English Syntax Book I am looking for a good general introduction to English syntax book for ESL teacher training. If you know of one, please let me know. The book does not necessarily have to be for ESL teachers, but I would like it to have some of the following features: -be based on some of the most recent discoveries about the syntactic structure of English (no commitment to a particular school of linguistics required) -but at the same time introduce some of the significant categories and relations of traditional grammar -be understandable by graduate students with little or no background in syntax -encourage discovery and problem solving -use tree diagramming -have plenty of exercises -have discussions on function as well as form -generate an appreciation for the intricacies of the English language As I have said, this is a wish list and I understand there may not be a book that contains all features. I would appreciate it if you could tell me, along with the book you recommend, which aspects your favorite book excels in. I will summarize what I get. Ali ================================================================================ Ali-Asghar Aghbar, Dept. of English, Indiana U. of PA, Indiana, PA 15705 Bitnet: aaghbar@iup Internet: aaghbar@grove.iup.edu Phone: 357 2262 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-379. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-380. Fri 01 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 107 Subject: 5.380 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 1994 11:10:27 MST From: JO RUBBA Subject: Lakoff -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- Moderator's Note: Since it's become clear that our message regarding the mainstream discussion was less clear than we might have liked, we should perhaps clarify what we said in our earlier message. We are not closing off all discussion on this topic. We'll be happy to continue posting any messages which compare the approaches of different schools to specific data or to linguistic questions. What we have decided to refrain from posting in the future is any message which focuses upon personalities and upon personal anecdote, or can be seen as polemic. Our decision to channel the discussion in this way is not based upon our belief that the sociology of the field is unimportant to linguistics. Indeed, both Helen and I feel that this topic needs to be aired on LINGUIST, as a part of its contribution to the discipline. If there genuinely exists sociological conflict amongst us, this is the place where we should become aware of it, for LINGUIST is one of the very few places where dialog between 'mainstream' and 'non-mainstream' linguists--however we choose to define these terms--can take place. But we can never overlook the fact that LINGUIST, from its inception in Australia in 1989, was designed as a means by which linguists in every part of the world and of every theoretical persuasion, can come together and share what they felt was important, or interesting, or even just amusing. We in our role as moderators feel, therefore, that no topic on LINGUIST should be allowed to continue to the point where any significant group of its members begins to feel victimized, for this would mean that that group of our colleagues would start to feel unwelcome on the list. There is no doubt in our mind that if we allow many more messages to be posted that focus upon personalities or grievances, this point will be reached in the mainstream discussion. At this point, LINGUIST would have ceased to be an avenue for interchange between subdisciplines of linguistics, and have become instead a cause in and of itself of rancor and ill-feeling. It was for this reason that we decided to step in, and channel the discussion more closely. As this issue shows, however, there are messages on the mainstream topic which we will be happy to continue to post. Anthony & Helen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 1994 11:10:27 MST From: JO RUBBA Subject: Lakoff At the risk of having this message bumped because it might be construed as a continuation of the mainstream linguistics discussion, I feel compelled to post a small but important correction to Paul Deane's otherwise cogent final word on the subject. Paul characterizes Lakoff's shift in emphasis as being from syntax to lexical semantics. His intent, honorably, is to point out that Lakoff can still be considered to be doing linguistics. But characterizing Lakoff's interest as now being primarily in lexical semantics is inaccurate. And it's important to point that out because of a common misconception of several approaches within cognitive linguistics which lead to misrepresentations and misunderstandings of what these theories are about. I have experienced this misconception several times in discussing cognitive linguistic theories with linguists of other persuasions. The general import goes something like this: 'Lakoff's approach, or, say, Langacker's Cognitive Grammar, are great for studying the semantics of individual words, but what else are these approaches good for?' Such a characterization overlooks a central tenet of Construction Grammar (I think it is quite on target to say that Lakoff believes in and is a proponent and occasional practitioner of Construction Grammar) and of Cognitive Grammar, and probably of some other cognitive and functional models of language. That tenet is that syntactic constructions are symbolic, that is, they have meanings; they can be characterized, analyzed, and -- importantly -- explained _semantically_. Clearly, this is a central point of difference to generative frameworks, and it is very important that linguists understand this difference. If I may quote from Lakoff's 1987 book 'Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things': "We will be proposing a theory of cognitively based grammar ... A grammar from this point of view will be a radial category of grammatical constructions, where each construction pairs a cognitive model (which characterizes meaning) with corresponding aspects of linguistic form ... The parameters of linguistic form in grammatical constructions are not independent of meaning; rather they are _motivated_, and in many cases even _predicted_, on the basis of meaning. On this view, many aspects of syntactic structure are motivated by, or are consequences of, the structure of cognitive models." (p. 463). Similar quotations could be gleaned from, say, Langacker's book 'Foundations of Cognitive Grammar'. So at least two frameworks within the approach which has come to call itself cognitive linguistics cannot be easily disposed of or set aside from the (contemporary) core interest of linguistics, viz., syntax. I know it was not Paul Deane's intention to dismiss Lakoff's work in this way, but practitioners of generative linguistics may sometimes do so as a justification for not having to study these approaches seriously (since they don't have lexical semantics as their primary interest). Paul Deane is a forceful (and appreciated!) supporter of cognitive linguistics. It would be counterproductive to interpret his posting as supporting the notion that cognitive linguistics is good for lexical semantics, but not much else. So it is to prevent such misconceptions and misrepresentations of these theories that I make this posting. I hope Paul will accept this small correction in the spirit in which it is intended! Jo Rubba The University of Montana jrubba@lewis.umt.edu P.S. For readers interested in seeing cognitive linguistic analyses of particular phenomena in syntax, I can refer them to Lakoff's analysis of 'There' constructions in the above-cited book, a CLS paper from the mid-1980's on island constraints (also by Lakoff), Langacker's Vol. II of Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, van Hoek's dissertation on anaphora; there are many more. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-380. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-381. Sat 02 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 146 Subject: 5.381 Varia: Tocharians, NPR Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 1994 11:43:14 EST From: Don Ringe Subject: mummies & Tocharians 2) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 16:12:10 EST From: mark Subject: 5.337 NPR bias ??? 3) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 1994 16:54:40 -0600 From: Natalie Maynor Subject: NPR and Anti-Southern Bias 4) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 18:19:54 EST From: mark Subject: Re: 5.337 NPR bias ??? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 1994 11:43:14 EST From: Don Ringe Subject: mummies & Tocharians Dear Colleagues-- The Tocharians *have* been mentioned in connection with the mummies in Xinjiang; Victor Mair looked into the possibility pretty extensively, Mr. Hadingham phone-interviewed me for his article in *Discover*, and he was extraordinarily careful to quote me accurately and get it straight. What it boils down to is this. The mummies are certainly in the same area that Tocharian mss. have been found--the northern arm of the silk road, between the Tian Shan and the Takla Makan--but they're very much earlier; the mss. date from about the 6th through the 8th cc. of the Common Era. What we really need to know is *when* the Tocharians got to where we find them in (what in Europe would be) the early middle ages. I understand there isn't a great deal of historical evidence; what there is is summarized in one of the first papers in Werner Winter's collection *Tocharica* (Poznan, 1984). What *is* clear is that the Tocharian languages have been in contact with various Iranian languages for a very long time. In addition to the very large number of Sanskrit loanwords in both TA and TB (and a much smaller number of Prakrit loans), there are at least three identifiable strata of Iranian loans. The most recent stratum are Khotanese; they could have been borrowed in Xinjiang, since Khotan is on the *southern* arm of the silk road, between the Takla Makan and the northern borders of Tibet. An earlier stratum looks Baktrian and may show some connection of the Tocharians with the Kushana kingdom, which flourished in (roughly) Afghanistan, I think in about the 1st c. of the C.E.; but the nature of the connection isn't very clear--were the Tocharians dwellers *in* the K. kingdom, or outlying allies to the north (therefore maybe already in Xinjiang, but maybe not), or just trading partners with extensive cultural contacts? Finally, there is a tiny handful of loans that look eerily like pre-Proto- Ossetic--therefore possibly Scythian (!)--and suggest that the Tocharians were part of one of those loose confederations that were endemic to the steppes until comparatively recently. But of course localizing such a confederation is hopeless; it may not seem very likely that the Tocharians were still part of a (mainly) Iranian horde when they first entered Xinjiang, but it *is* possible. For more info on the loanwords, see Werner Winter's 1971 article in *Donum indogermanicum* (the fs. for Anton Scherer, edited by Robert Schmitt-Brandt); Abaev's book of 1965, *Skifo-evropejskie izoglossy*, is interesting but more speculative. As for who those mummies were: sure, they might have been (pre-) Tocharians, but bear in mind that anyplace the Tocharians were in their prehistory, Iranians probably were also. So far as I can see, that's as far as reasonable inferences can take us at the moment. --Don Ringe -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 16:12:10 EST From: mark Subject: 5.337 NPR bias ??? In 5.377, Natalie (Maynor?) writes from Rudy Troike's email address: Here are some e-mail addresses for NPR. I hope people will follow Dennis's suggestion of protesting. I may do it, although I'm afraid my anger will end up making my protest less coherent. Anti-Southern bias is one of very few things in the world that evoke anger in me. The only thing that makes me even angrier than anti-Southern bias is the even more specific anti-Mississippi bias. Like many Southerners, I feel what is perhaps an irrationally strong attachment to my state. Excuse me, but what in the name of Panini are you talking about? My search of this year's LINGUIST mailings fails to turn up any mention of Southern speech or anything relevant about NPR. Who is Dennis and what is the evidence for NPR's alleged bias against Southern, and especially Mississippi, speech? Your discourse anaphora lacks an antecedent. (I suspect that "Dennis's" posting was to another list and Natalie accidentally or mistakenly cross-posted her reply to this one.) Mark A. Mandel Dragon Systems, Inc. : speech recognition : +1 617 965-5200 320 Nevada St. : Newton, Mass. 02160, USA : mark@dragonsys.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 1994 16:54:40 -0600 From: Natalie Maynor Subject: NPR and Anti-Southern Bias After getting several notes from people asking me about NPR and anti- Southern bias, I discovered that something I wrote as part of an ongoing discussion on ADS-L (American Dialect Society) had been forwarded to LINGUIST by somebody else. The purpose of this note is to let you know that (1) I did not even hear the offensive NPR broadcast, (2) I posted the NPR addresses on ADS-L in response to somebody's request for them, (3) I posted nothing whatsoever to LINGUIST about NPR, (4) I'll go back through old ADS-L mail later and try to reply to those who have inquired about the discussion -- I don't have time to do that right now because I'm out of town, tying up somebody else's phone line and using my mushy- keyed laptop. --Natalie (maynor@ra.msstate.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 18:19:54 EST From: mark Subject: Re: 5.337 NPR bias ??? I'm sorry for wrongly accusing Natalie of this confusing post, but when I saw her signature and email address in the LINGUIST posting I inferred (mistakenly, as it now appears) that she was, for some unmentioned reason, posting from someone else's account -- as sometimes happens -- and giving her own address in the text to facilitate replies. I have not yet heard from Rudy Troike, who is apparently the responsible party. Mark A. Mandel Dragon Systems, Inc. : speech recognition : +1 617 965-5200 320 Nevada St. : Newton, Mass. 02160, USA : mark@dragonsys.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-381. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-382. Sat 02 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 428 Subject: 5.382 Jobs: Spanish; French translation; French ling. Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 16:12:21 EST From: kutza@logos-usa.com (Kutz Arrieta-Stemen) Subject: Job anouncement 2) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 1994 13:15:41 EDT From: "Le Flem C. D." Subject: Job 3) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 94 12:24 BST From: JL1@VAX.YORK.AC.UK Subject: French post at York -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 16:12:21 EST From: kutza@logos-usa.com (Kutz Arrieta-Stemen) Subject: Job anouncement YAR, a translation company located in New York City, is looking for a manager for its Spanish Department. The candidate should be native and should have experience in translation. For more information, call Elisabeth Mantello at (212)4474000. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 1994 13:15:41 EDT From: "Le Flem C. D." Subject: Job DEPARTEMENT DE LANGUES ET LINGUISTIQUE UNIVERSITE LAVAL, QUEBEC, CANADA ======================================= Le Departement de langues et linguistique de la Faculte des lettres de l'Uni- versite Laval ouvre un concours pour un poste de professeur en redaction tech- nique frangaise. Poste a temps complet. Date d'entree en fonction: le 1er juillet 1994. Doctorat en linguistique ou dans un autre domaine pertinent. Enseignement de plusieurs cours specialises du Certificat de redaction techni- que. Recherche et encadrement de la clientele etudiante des 2e et 3e cycles dans le domaine. Supervision des activites du programme et contribution dyna- mique a son developpement. Experience de l'enseignement de la redaction tech- nique au niveau universitaire ainsi que de la pratique professionnelle de la redaction en milieu quebecois. Connaissance et utilisation des ressources informatiques. Aptitude a collaborer avec des specialistes de diverses disci- plines ayant des liens avec la redaction technique: industriels, administra- teurs, vulgarisateurs scientifiques, communicateurs, museologues et litteraires Recherche et dossier de publications dans le domaine. Conditions d'engagement et de traitement selon la convention collective en vigueur entre l'Universite Laval et le Syndicat des professeurs de l'Universite Laval. Curriculum vitae complet et a jour, un exemplaire des principales publications, ainsi que le nom et l'adresse de trois repondants et, le cas echeant, la liste des employeurs, a l'adresse suivante: Monsieur le directeur, Departement de langues et linguis- tique, Faculte des lettres, Universite Laval, Sainte-Foy (Quebec), Canada, G1K 7P4. L'Universite Laval applique un programme d'acces a l'egalite. En accord avec les exigences du Ministere de l'immigration au Canada, cette offre est destinee en priorite aux citoyens canadiens et aux residents permanents du Canada. Date de cloture: le 30 mai 1994. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 94 12:24 BST From: JL1@VAX.YORK.AC.UK Subject: French post at York Job opportunity. Permanent Lectureship in French Language and Linguistics. Department of Language and Linguistic Science, University of York, England. The successful applicant for this post will have near-native or native competence in French, a strong commitment to French language teaching, experience of recent language-teaching methods, and the capacity to teach the French language from post 'A' level to honours degree level. He or she will be an active researcher in some area of French language studies, French linguistics or general linguistics (including applied linguistics, sociolinguistics or psycholinguistics). She or he will be responsible for degree level courses in French language, and there will be some scope for a contribution to teaching in French linguistics or in general linguistics. The post is available from 1 Oct 1994. starting salary will be within the lecturer A range: UK pounds 13,601 -18,855 Letters of application (six copies), including full curriculum vitae and the names of three referees, should be sent by 7 April 1994 to the Personnel Office, University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD. Complete details follow. A copy may also be obtained by writing to the above address. General details of post Candidates should have a native or near-native competence in French and a strong commitment to the teaching of the French language, backed up by relevant experience in language teaching methodologies and technologies. She or he will be capable of contributing to French language courses from post 'A' level to honours degree level, teaching a range of language skills and specialisms to students whose interests are focussed in language and linguistics. The four-year course in French and Linguistics aims to achieve a high level of language competence in the first year; more specialized courses (e.g. in varieties of French, in business French, history of French, or in French linguistics) are offered in the second and fourth year. The third year is spent on placement at a University in France. There are three other members of the department's French section: two lecturers (mrs. M-A hintze and Dr. Bernadette Plunkett) and a full-time language assistant. The annual undergraduate intake of the department is some 60 students, of whom up to 30 specialise in French. The department's general undergraduate programme combines the study of linguistics and language. We teach Chinese, English, French, German and Hindi (currently also Swahili and Swedish) alongside a wide range of courses in Linguistics. Undergraduates study one or more languages and linguistics, and have a wide range of choice in the structure of their degree. There are also flourishing taught graduate MA courses in linguistics and in Linguistics and English Language Teaching, and a higher degree programme leading to DPhil/MPhil in areas reflecting the research activity of the department. The successful candidate will be an active researcher in some area of French language studies, or the linguistics of French or more general linguistics relevant to the Department's work. The department provides a lively and supportive research environment; our research is mainly focussed on phonetics, phonology, sociolinguistics and syntax but the research interests of members of the department include semantics, computational linguistics, conversational analysis, historical linguistics, dialectology, second language acquisition, psycholinguistics and aspects of applied linguistics. The department also houses a major research project into high quality speech synthesis which is funded by British Telecom Plc. The organisation of French teaching within the department - including the placement of students at French Universities on the year away, monitoring their progress and making periodic contact visits - is shared among the French staff and applicants must be willing to take part in the associated administrative work, as well as in other aspects of departmental administration. The candidate's main area of activity and responsibility will be in French language teaching. There will, however, be some scope for a contribution to teaching in French linguistics and/or in general linguistics. There is considerable flexibility for the incoming candidate to develop individual teaching interests. Depending on abilities, interests and experience, the successful candidate may also have the opportunity to contribute to postgraduate teaching or supervision. The precise duties of the post will be by arrangement with the Head of Department. Some information on undergraduate courses offered in the Department is enclosed, and a list of members of staff and their interests is also included. Salary, etc. The starting salary will be within the Lecturer's salary scale (grade A), currently #13,601 -#18,855 per annum, according to age, qualifications and experience. The University will meet the full cost, within reason, of removal of furniture and household effects within the United Kingdom. The extent of payment of removal expenses of members of staff coming from overseas is at the discretion of the Vice-Chancellor. Three estimates of removal costs (one of which should be from a York firm) must be obtained and the University will meet the cost of the lowest estimate. Method of application Six copies of applications (one only from overseas candidates) with full curriculum vitae and giving the names and addresses of three referees, should be sent by 7 April to: Personnel Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK (fax (0904) 433433). Please supply e-mail addresses and fax numbers both for yourself and for referees if possible. There are no printed application forms. In their letter of application candidates should outline their teaching experience and their research interests and plans, and they should outline the contribution they would wish to make to the department, in both teaching and research. Please quote reference number 1/3383. Interviews will be held in York on the afternoon of Thursday 19 May. In the morning candidates will be invited to meet members of the department, and will be expected to give an informal presentation for not more than 15 minutes on some aspect of their research to a small audience of members of staff. Members of staff and their interests The department's research interests cover a broad range, with equal emphasis on formal linguistics (syntax, semantics, phonology), on applications of linguistic theory (bilingualism, conversational analysis, psycholinguistics, second language acquisition, sociolinguistics, speech synthesis), and on studies of particular languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Swahili, Welsh). The department houses a major research project on speech synthesis, funded by British Telecom Plc. March 1994 End of details. [For a complete description of the faculty and linguistics program, contact the poster of this message.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-382. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-383. Mon 04 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 113 Subject: 5.383 Qs: Phonetic changes, Prepositional scope, ISO text generation Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 1994 21:43:05 -0500 (EST) From: tuitekj@ere.umontreal.ca (Tuite Kevin J.) Subject: handbook of phonetic changes? 2) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 17:44:41 EST From: Loren Allen Billings Subject: Re: 5.251 Confs: LP'94 - Item Order in (Natural) Languages 3) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 13:54:12 -0500 From: andersen@cgi.com Subject: ISO text generation software -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 26 Mar 1994 21:43:05 -0500 (EST) From: tuitekj@ere.umontreal.ca (Tuite Kevin J.) Subject: handbook of phonetic changes? Dear Internet linguists, The other day, while leading a seminar discussion of Greenberg's Language in the Americas, I trotted out a philological parlour trick I had learned years ago from Eric Hamp: the derivation of Armenian _erku_ "2" from PIE *duo (or *t'uo if you prefer) by a sequence of well-established Lautgesetze. An archeologist sitting in on the class asked if there is a handbook anywhere inventorying attested sound changes, so that one could assess the plausibility of a proposed sound law (e.g. how could one tell that the d > r shift in the Armenian example was plausible, while, say, a d > x shift would not be (or is it?) Does anyone out there know of such a compilation? (Maybe some Natural Phonologist somewhere assembled this kind of information?) With best wishes, Kevin Kevin Tuite 514-343-6514 (bureau/office) Departement d'anthropologie 514-343-2494 (telecopieur/FAX) Universite de Montreal tuitekj@ere.umontreal.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 17:44:41 EST From: Loren Allen Billings Subject: Re: 5.251 Confs: LP'94 - Item Order in (Natural) Languages I would like to find out about any work done on prepositional scope operators. I'm working on the operators _bez_ 'without', _vopreki_ 'in spite of', _krome_ 'aside from/except', _vne_ 'outside of', and others in Russian. Would anyone have any info on this type of adposition in other languages, especially clitics, and how they must order with regard to other clitics. For those of you who are interested, _bez_ is an exception among the proclitic prepositions in Russian in that it does not intrude between the negative variable _ni-_ and the interrogative pronoun _kogo_ as shown: <1> bez ni kogo (*ni bez kogo) without any whom(genetive case) 'without any one' The non-negator prepositions do go between _ni-_ and the interrogative when they are proclitics (shown here with a different case ending): <2> ni s kem (*s ni kem) any with whom(intrumental case) 'with no one/not with anyone' It has already been pointed out to me--by Olga Babko-Malaya (babko@zodiac. rutgers.edu) that examples like <1> are not attested under clausal negation, while examples like <2> must usually be arguments of a negated predicate. I would appreciate any of your ideas. Best, --Loren A. Billings (billings@pucc.princeton.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 13:54:12 -0500 From: andersen@cgi.com Subject: ISO text generation software A friend is looking for information on text generation systems; specifically for references to work that would be applicable to the task of automatically generating a letter to a customer that summarizes the current state of their account and documents recommendations for improved service. The system would use information from a database which contains all of the information about the account, including appropriate recommendations and canned rationale for them, but we're looking for techniques to help blend the sentences together with reasonable transitions and make sure tense and aspect are correct. Please send any responses directly to Leslie Wheeler, at wheeler@cgi.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-383. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-384. Mon 04 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 173 Subject: 5.384 Calls: IJCAI-95 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 94 11:18:58 PST From: Rick Skalsky -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 94 11:18:58 PST From: Rick Skalsky CALL FOR PARTICIPATION: IJCAI-95 IJCAI-95 will take place at the Palais de Congres, Montreal, August 20-25 1995. The biennial IJCAI conferences are the major forums for the international scientific exchange and presentation of AI research. The Conference Technical Program will include workshops, tutorials, panels and invited talks, as well as tracks for paper and videotape presentations. PAPER TRACK: SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES Topics of Interest Submissions are invited on substantial, original, and previously unpublished research in all aspects of AI, including, but not limited to: * Architectures and languages for AI (e.g. parallel hardware and software for building AI systems) * Artistic, entertainment and multimedia applications. * Automated reasoning (e.g. theorem proving, abduction, automatic programming, search, context management and truth maintenance systems, constraint satisfaction, satisfiability checking) * Cognitive modeling (e.g. user models, memory models) * Connectionist and PDP models * Distributed AI, autonomous agents, multi-agent systems and real-time issues. * Intelligent teaching systems * Knowledge Engineering and Principles of AI applications (e.g. for design, manufacturing control, grand challenge applications) * Knowledge representation (e.g. logics for knowledge, action, belief and intention, nonmonotonic formalisms, complexity analysis, languages and systems for representing knowledge) * Learning, knowledge acquisition and case-based reasoning * Logic programming (e.g. semantics, deductive databases, relationships to AI knowledge representation) * Natural language (e.g. syntax, semantics, discourse, speech recognition and understanding, natural language front ends, generation systems, information extraction and retrieval) * Philosophical foundations * Planning and reasoning about action (including the relation between planning and control) * Qualitative reasoning and naive physics (e.g. temporal and spatial reasoning, model-based reasoning, diagnosis) * Reasoning under uncertainty (including fuzzy logic and fuzzy control) * Robotic and artificial life systems (e.g. unmanned vehicles, vision/manipulation systems) * Social, economic and legal implications * Vision (e.g. color, shape, stereo, motion, object recognition, active vision, model-based vision, vision architectures and hardware, biological modeling). Timetable Submissions must be received by 6th January 1995. Submissions received after that date will be returned unopened. Authors should note that ordinary mail can sometimes be considerably delayed, especially over the new year period, and should take this into account when timing their submissions. Notification of receipt will be mailed to the first author (or designated author) soon after receipt. Notification of acceptance or rejection: successful authors will be notified on or before 20th March 1995. Unsuccessful authors will be notified by 27th March 1995. Notification will be sent to the first author (or designated author). Camera ready copies of the final versions of accepted papers must be received by the publisher in the USA by 24th April 1995. Note that at least one author of each accepted paper is required to attend the conference to present the work. General Authors should submit six (6) copies of their papers in hard copy form. All paper submissions should be to the following address. Electronic or fax submissions cannot be accepted. IJCAI-95 Paper Submissions, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 445, Burgess Drive, Menlo Park, CA. 94025, USA. (telephone (415) 328-3123, email ijcai@aaai.org). Appearance and Length Papers should be printed on 8.5'' x 11'' or A4 sized paper. They must be a maximum of 15 pages long, each page having no more than 43 lines, lines being at most 140mm long and with 12 point type. Title, abstract, figures and references must be included within this length limit. Papers breaking these rules will not be considered for presentation at the conference. Letter quality print is required. (Normally, dot-matrix printout will be unacceptable unless truly of letter quality. Exceptions will be made for submissions from countries where high quality printers are not widely available.) Title Page Each copy of the paper must include a title page, separate from the body of the paper. This should contain: * Title of the paper * Full names, postal addresses, phone numbers, fax numbers and email addresses (where these exist) of all authors. The first postal address should be one that is suitable for delivery of items by courier service * An abstract of 100-200 words * A set of keywords giving the area/subarea of the paper and describing the topic of the paper. This information, together with the title of the paper, will be the main information used in allocating reviewers. * The following declaration: ``This paper has not already been accepted by and is not currently under review for a journal or another conference. Nor will it be submitted for such during IJCAI's review period.'' Policy on Multiple Submissions IJCAI will not accept any paper which, at the time of submission, is under review for a journal or another conference. Authors are also expected not to submit their papers elsewhere during IJCAI's review period. These restrictions apply only to journals and conferences, not to workshops and similar specialized presentations with a limited audience. Review Criteria Papers will be subject to peer review, but this review will not be ``blind'' (that is, the reviewers will be aware of the names of the authors). Selection criteria include accuracy and originality of ideas, clarity and significance of results and the quality of the presentation. The decision of the Program Committee, taking into consideration the individual reviews, will be final and cannot be appealed. Papers selected will be scheduled for presentation and will be printed in the proceedings. Authors of accepted papers, or their representatives, are expected to present their papers at the conference. Distinguished Paper Awards The Program Committee will distinguish one or more papers of exceptional quality for special awards. This decision will in no way depend on whether the authors choose to enhance their paper with a video presentation. Other Calls Calls for tutorial and workshop proposals and video presentations for IJCAI-95 will be issued shortly. For questions or comments, (415) 328-3123, email ijcai@aaai.org -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-384. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-385. Mon 04 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 149 Subject: 5.385 Calls: BU Conference on Language Development, French Studies Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 94 09:30:28 -0500 From: langconf@louis-xiv.bu.edu (BU Conference on Language Development) Subject: Call For Papers: BU Conference on Language Development 2) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 1994 21:46:51 -0600 From: poulosky laura Subject: Call For Papers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 94 09:30:28 -0500 From: langconf@louis-xiv.bu.edu (BU Conference on Language Development) Subject: Call For Papers: BU Conference on Language Development CALL FOR PAPERS ****************************************************************************** The 19th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development November 4, 5 and 6, 1994 Keynote Speaker: Andrew Radford, University of Essex Plenary Speaker: Jill de Villiers, Smith College ****************************************************************************** FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION All topics in the field of language acquisition will be fully considered, including: Bilingualism Literacy Cognition & Language Narrative Creoles & Pidgins Neurolinguistics Discourse Pragmatics Exceptional Language Pre-linguistic Development Input & Interaction Signed Languages Language Disorders Sociolinguistics Lexicon Speech Perception & Production Linguistic Theory (Syntax, Semantics, Phonology, Morphology) Abstracts submitted must represent original, unpublished research. We regret that we are unable to accept more than TWO submissions per author. (This includes abstracts with multiple authors.) Presentations will be 20 minutes long, plus 10 minutes for questions. PLEASE SUBMIT: 1) six copies of an anonymous, clearly titled 450-word summary for review 2) one 3 x 5 card stating: i) Title, ii) Topic area, iii) audiovisual requests, and iv) for EACH author: a) Full name & affiliation d) Summer address & phone b) Current address & phone e) Summer e-mail address c) E-mail address f) Fax number Please include a self-addressed, stamped postcard for acknowledgment of receipt. Notification of acceptance or rejection will be sent by late July. Pre-registration materials and preliminary schedule will be available in late August 1994. Note: All conference papers will be selected on the basis of abstracts submitted. Although each abstract will be evaluated individually, we will attempt to honor requests to schedule accepted papers together in group sessions. If your paper is accepted, you will be asked to submit a 150-word abstract for inclusion in the conference program book. Requests for these program abstracts will be sent with acceptance letters. Program abstracts must be submitted on diskette or by e-mail. DEADLINE: All submissions must be RECEIVED by May 15, 1994. Send abstract submissions to: Boston University Telephone: (617) 353-3085 Conference on Language Development Fax: (617) 353-6218 138 Mountfort Street E-mail: langconf@louis-xiv.bu.edu OR Boston, MA 02215 U.S.A. info@louis-xiv.bu.edu (automated reply) (WE ARE NOT ABLE TO ACCEPT ABSTRACTS SUBMISSIONS BY FAX OR E-MAIL.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 1994 21:46:51 -0600 From: poulosky laura Subject: Call For Papers PLEASE POST THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS INTERDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON FRENCH STUDIES March 3-5, 1995 Sponsored by: GRADUATE STUDENTS OF FRENCH THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN And the Departments of: Comparative Literature, Philosophy, History, Sociology, Linguistics, Art History, Music, Center for African Studies, Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory, and the Unit for Cinema Studies Please submit three copies of 1-2 page proposals or abstracts on any aspect of French and Francophone culture, civilization, language, and literature. Especially welcome are papers and panels exploring the relations between French and other fields of study: comparative literature, literary theory, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, music, the visual arts. For anonymous review, please include a 3x5 index card stating name, address, telephone number, e-mail address if available, and the title of paper or panel. Your name should not appear on the abstract or proposal. Submissions should be addressed to: Conference organizers Department of French 707 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 For inquiries, call James Madden (217) 352-6714, or send e-mail to Wail Hassan (whassan@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu). DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION: MAY 30, 1994 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-385. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-386. Mon 04 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 209 Subject: 5.386 Confs: International Workshop on Directions of Lexical Research Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 14:10:36 BST From: Paul Mc Kevitt -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 94 14:10:36 BST From: Paul Mc Kevitt xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxPOST-COLING 94 WORKSHOP ANNOUNCEMENTxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DIRECTIONS OF LEXICAL RESEARCH 15-17th of August, 1994 in Beijing Co-Chairs Nicoletta Calzolari Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale del CNR Via della Faggiola 32, 56100 PISA, ITALIA Cheng-ming Guo China National Laboratory of AI Technology and Systems Tsinghua University BEIJING 100084 CHINA 1. Intentions The scholarly and scientific tradition in lexical research was given an engineering edge by three outbursts of massive lexical work that began in the last decade, the CYC project in the United States, the EDR project in Japan, and the Grosseto Workshop whose principle of reusability generated a series of EC projects including Acquilex, ET-7, Multilex, and Genelex. These projects led to, and were equalled by, world wide interest in statistics on very large corpora. The close inter-relationships between Lexicon development and Corpus analysis are increasingly accentuated. This international drive on the lexicon over a period of a decade has done the field an immense service. However, recent reflections on the lexical research over the last ten years are not always as favourable as one might expect. Wilks (1993) made a criticism of IBM's approach to Machine Translation. The main point was that there is a natural ceiling of success to PURE statistical methods. Ide and Veronis (1993) went so far as to ask if we have wasted our time over the last decade on extracting knowledge from machine-readable dictionaries. Another area of concern nowadays is the development of common lexical specifications, or lexical standards. Up to which level of lexical description can standards be proposed, to ensure data reusability? Furthermore, one important development in AI and Cognitive Science in recent years warrants the attention of lexical researchers. It involves the trend for the integration of NLP with various subareas of AI, e.g. computer vision (see Dennett, 1991; Mc Kevitt, 1994). The need for unified representation scheme incorporating both perceptual information and common sense knowledge poses new challenges. The proposed workshop attempts to clarify issues in current lexical research in terms of further research directions as an answer to recent challenges. Suggested topics are as follows: a) notes comparing between well-known lexical projects, particulary the EDR project, the CYC project, and the EC projects --what have we learned ? b) lexical needs for unified representations of common sense knowledge and perceptual knowledge, visual or audio --brainstorming on the design and construction of the lexicons for such integrated systems; c) lexical needs of very large knowledge bases for nuclear lexicons as the core for knowledge acquisition -- speculations and practice concerning the design and construction of such nuclei. 2. Format This workshop is intended as an opportunity provided for the exchange of views on issues of common concern to the area of lexical research. Panel sessions and discussions are stressed rather than formal speeches. All activities at the workshop are intended as reactions to recent challenges. The workshop will take place on the beautiful Tsinghua University campus on the outskirt of Beijing. Day 1: the state-of-the-art discussion -- achievements, issues and concerns Day 2: lexical needs for integrated systems Day 3: lexical needs for knowledge acquisition for very large knowledge systems Each attendee of the workshop pays $100 to cover registration, preprints,local transportation from and to Beijing Airport, and hotel + food expenses for the 3-day workshop duration. Air fare to and from Beijing rests with all attendees themselves. Registation forms will be sent out to workshop attendees upon request. All correspondence concerning workshop registration should be directed to Chengming Guo by fax, e-mail, or postal mail at the Computer Science Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. To ensure proper accomodation, special pre-arrangements have to be made with Chengming Guo, should the attendee wish to arrive earlier than August 14th and/or stay a little longer after the workshop ends on the 17th of August. 3. Submission requirements Papers of no more than 6 pages should be submitted by e-mail to the co-chairs of the workshop at "glottolo@icnucevm.cnuce.cnr.it" for Nicoletta Calzolari, and at "chengming%bepc2@scs.bitnet" for Chengming Guo. Postal mail of three hard copies of the paper to Nicoletta Calzolari and Chengming Guo are also acceptable. Papers must be printed to 8 1/2 to 11" size. Workshop preprints will be made available to all attendees. Paper submission by the 15th of May, 1994 Notification of acceptance by 5th June, 1994 Camera-ready copy by 30th of June, 1994 4. Sponsors Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale del CNR, Pisa, ITALY China National Laboratory of AI Technology and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing China 5. Co-Chairs Nicoletta Calzolari Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale del CNR Via della Faggiola 32, 56100 PISA, ITALIA Phone: +39 50 56 04 81 Fax:+39 50 58 90 55 Email:glottolo@icnucevm.cnuce.cnr.it Cheng-ming Guo Computer Science Department Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 CHINA Phone: +86 1 2594895 Fax:+86 1 2562768 Email:chengming%bepc2@scs.bitnet 6. Program committee: Sue Atkins Oxford University Press, UK Nicoletta Calzolari Institute of Computational Linguistics, CNR, Italy Kenneth Church AT&T Bell Laboratory, USA Cheng-Ming Guo Tsinghua University, China Judith Klavans Columbia University, USA Paul Mc Kevitt University of Sheffield, UK Yoshihiko Nitta Hitachi Advanced Laboratory, Japan Yorick Wilks University of Sheffield, UK Toshio Yokoi EDR, Japan Antonio Zampolli Institute of Computational Linguistics, CNR, Italy Uri Zernik GE, USA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-386. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-387. Mon 04 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 121 Subject: 5.387 FYI: ITALPP list, List of Language Lists 1.7, Indo-Europeanist Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 01 Apr 1994 15:30:32 -0600 (CST) From: VOLPER@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu Subject: ITALPP list announcement 2) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 13:21:31 GMT From: Michael Everson Subject: List of Language Lists 1.7 3) Date: Fri, 01 Apr 94 13:05:24 GMT From: Michael Everson Subject: New Indo-Europeanist list -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 01 Apr 1994 15:30:32 -0600 (CST) From: VOLPER@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu Subject: ITALPP list announcement All interested readers are cordially invited to participate in the ITALPP electronic mail discussion list. This list is for discussion and messages regarding Italian Applied Linguistics, Psycholinguistics and "Psicodidattica". The goal of this discussion is to bring together issues of language teaching and learning, and of language processes, cognition, and psychology of learning. This list is sponsored by Rosa Volpe of the Learning Technology Center at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. To subscribe to this list, send a message to italpp-request@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu containing the message text subscribe italpp If you have any comments or questions about the ITALPP list, or just want more information about the group, please feel free to write: volper@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu (Rosa Volpe, Ph.D.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 13:21:31 GMT From: Michael Everson Subject: List of Language Lists 1.7 The List of Language Lists version 1.7 is now available by anonymous ftp from colossus.ucd.ie in the everson directory. Michael Everson School of Architecture, UCD; Richview, Clonskeagh; Dublin 14; E/ire Phone: +353 1 706-2745 Fax: +353 1 283-7778 Home: +353 1 478-2597 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3) Date: Fri, 01 Apr 94 13:05:24 GMT From: Michael Everson Subject: New Indo-Europeanist list ANNOUNCING A NEW E-MAIL LIST FOR INDO-EUROPEANISTS INDOEUROPEAN-L This list is for discussion and exchange of ideas related to the historical and comparative linguistics of the Indo-European languages. Any topic related to the diachronic linguistics of the Indo-European languages is suitable for discussion. Synchronic topics are generally best discussed on other lists. To subscribe to IndoEuropean-L, send the following command via electronic mail to listserv@cornell.edu: subscribe indoeuropean-l Where is your first name and is your last name. If you have any questions about IndoEuropean-L, contact Antony Green, the list owner, at adg1@cornell.edu. If you have any questions about the CIT list server, contact the list server manager, at listmgr@cornell.edu. Please pass this message along to anyone else you think might be interested. ===== Michael Everson School of Architecture, UCD; Richview, Clonskeagh; Dublin 14; E/ire Phone: +353 1 706-2745 Fax: +353 1 283-7778 Home: +353 1 478-2597 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-387. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-388. Mon 04 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 46 Subject: 5.388 Mainstream linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 3 Apr 94 10:09:17 -0400 From: Alexis Manaster Ramer Subject: Re: 5.380 Mainstream Linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 3 Apr 94 10:09:17 -0400 From: Alexis Manaster Ramer Subject: Re: 5.380 Mainstream Linguistics Recent postings make it seem, perhaps inadvertently, that the idea of constructions as bearers of meanings is new and a departure from the generative approach. However, the very definition of construction in Bloomfield's immediate constituent work was precisely a pairing of form and meaning, and there are many examples of this in practice in his book Language, in his article on Ilokano syntax, and in his posthumous grammar of Menomini (a bit of this history is discussed in my paper "Ever since Bloomfield" in the proceedings of the last ICL). The dropping of the meaning component, as well as of several parts of Bloomfield's theory of the form of constructions (notably, his treatment of discontinuity, of free word order, of zeroes or ellipses, of crossclassification, and of constructions with an unbounded number of constituents) was just part of what happened when Harris and then Chomsky tried to "formalize" Bloomfield's theory. Re Lakoff's work, I would call attention to his paper in the recently published McCawley festscrift in which he defends the performatiive hypothesis. That surely is not part of lexical semantics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-388. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-389. Mon 04 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 136 Subject: 5.389 Sums: Positional tendencies; voiced bilabial fricatives Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 1994 11:45:02 -0700 (MST) From: Elyse Abraham Subject: SUM: Positional tendencies for syntactic constituents 2) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 1994 18:32 PST From: Kathleen Doty Subject: Sum: Voiced bilabial fricatives -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 1994 11:45:02 -0700 (MST) From: Elyse Abraham Subject: SUM: Positional tendencies for syntactic constituents Last week I posted a query on positional tendencies for syntactic constituents. My query read as follows: >I am looking for comprehensive data on positional tendencies for the >various types of syntactic constituents in English -- for instance, in >the case of adverbials, the syntactic position that each type tends to >occur in most frequently. Ideally what I would like to find is a major >study that establishes positional tendencies through an examination of >frequency of occurrence in a large multi-genre corpus. This may be >asking for the moon. However, if anyone is aware of such a comprehensive >study, I would be very greatful indeed to hear of it.< Was I asking for the moon? It would seem so. Nevertheless, I have been offered, at the very least, some very interesting "meteorites" (as Halvor Eifring so aptly termed it), all of which I appreciate. My gratitude to everyone who responded with suggestions: John Connolly, Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen, Jane Edwards, Joyce Tang Boyland, Hilde Hasselgard, Halvor Eifring, Claude Steinberg, and Stig Johansson. In addition to their suggestions, I also received several requests for summaries. For the benefit of everyone interested in this very fascinating area of syntax/discourse, I have summarized the suggested sources below. Best Regards, Elyse Elyse K. Abraham Dept. of Linguistics University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta Canada ****** Summary: Positional Tendencies for Syntactic Constituents ****** *Ellegard, Alvar. 1978. The syntactic structure of English texts. A computer-based study of four kinds of text in the Brown University Corpus. Gothenburg Studies in English 43. (ISBN 91-7346-051-6) *Connolly, J.H. 1991. Constituent order in functional grammar: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives. Berlin: Foris. *Jacobson, Sven. 1978. On the use, meaning, and syntax of English preverbal adverbs. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International. *Jacobson, Sven . 1975. Factors influencing the placement of English adverbs in relation to auxiliaries. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International. [see also his more recent papers on this topic] *Johansson, Stig, and Hofland, Knut. 1989. Frequency analysis of English vocabulary and grammar: based on the LOB corpus. Oxford [England]; New York: Oxford University Press. (2 volumes). *Hasselgard, Hilde. Forthcoming. "Some aspects of contrasting English and Norwegian word order in discourse". To appear in Altenberg and Aijmer (eds), Papers from a seminar on parellel corpora in Lund, March 1994. *Hasselgard, Hilde. 1993a. "Sequences of time and space adverbials in clause-initial position: A survey of ordering principles". In Julian d'Arcy (ed), Proceedings of the Fifth Nordic Conference for English Studies. Reykjavik: H sk"la#tg fan. *Hasselgard, Hilde. 1993b. "Tekstlige aspekter ved plassering av tids- og stedsadverbialer I moderne engelsk". I T. Fretheim, L.S Evensen, E. Sivertsen (eds), Tekst I kontekst. Oslo: Novus, 80-91. *Hasselgard, Hilde. 1993c. Where and when: Positional and functional conventions for sequences of time and space adverbials in present-day English. Doctoral thesis: University of Oslo. *Hasselgard, Hilde. 1991."Sequences of temporal and spatial adverbials in spoken English: Some pragmatic considerations". ICAME Journal No 15, 3-18. *Hasselgard, Hilde. 1992. "Sequences of spatial and temporal adverbials in spoken and written English". In Gerhard Leitner (ed), New Directions in English Language Corpora. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 319-328. *Waugh, Linda. 1977. A semantic analysis of word order: Position of the adjective in French. Leiden: E. J. Brill. *More general suggestions: The various grammars by the Quirk/Greenbaum/Leech/Svartvik team. The next issue of the ICAME Journal, which will contain an article on clause patterns (including some remarks on word order) by some people from Nijmegen. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 29 Mar 1994 18:32 PST From: Kathleen Doty Subject: Sum: Voiced bilabial fricatives My colleague and I thank all of you who kindly responded to my request for examples of languages with voiced bilabial fricatives. As many of you pointed out the sound is rather common both as phoneme and allophone. The following languages were given as examples, though the list is by no means exhaustive: Bau Fijian, Cheremis, Dizi, Evenki, Ewe, Dutch, Ganda, German, Georgian, modern Greek, Gondi, Hawaiian, Karuk, Kikuyu (Bantu), Kirghz, Koya, Mixtec, Mongolian, Neo-Aramaic, Oriya, Pashto, Rotokas, Sinhalese, Spanish, Uradhi, Venda. For a more complete discussion with examples, the following reference sources were suggested: Ian Maddieson, _Patterns of Sounds_, Cambridge UP, 1984 Peter Ladefoged, _Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics_, Chicago UP, 1971 AND _A Course in Phonetics_, 3rd ed., 1993 RMW Dixon & BJ Blake, _Handbook of Australian Languages_, Australian National UP, 1983. Thanks again for your help. Kathleen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-389. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-390. Tue 05 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 180 Subject: 5.390 Calls: HILP2 phonology conf, WECOL94, Asian Reading Congress Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 04 Apr 1994 14:03 +0100 (MET) From: "Norval Smith (UVAALF::NSMITH)" Subject: call for papers for HILP2 phonology conference 2) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 94 21:19:35 -0800 From: wecol@BIOLOGY.UCLA.EDU (Western Conference on Linguistics) Subject: WECOL94 call for papers 3) Date: Tue, 5 Apr 1994 13:29 +0800 From: Bob Hvitfeldt Subject: CALL: Asian Reading Congress -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 04 Apr 1994 14:03 +0100 (MET) From: "Norval Smith (UVAALF::NSMITH)" Subject: call for papers for HILP2 phonology conference HILP 2 CALL FOR PAPERS The Holland Institute for Generative Linguistics (HIL) is organizing a follow-up to the very successful HILP phonology meeting held in Leiden last year. HILP2 will take place at the UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM from the 25th to the 27th January 1995. Papers are invited on any phonological topic. We encourage the submission of abstracts on the following topics however: 1. Constraints 2. Phonological spects of lesser-known languages 3. Computational aspects (e.g. phonological databases, implementations) The conference will comprise 20 talks of 40 minutes duration (30 mins. + 10 mins. discussion). Camera-ready abstracts should be sent in 5-fold (4 anonymous copies, 1 copy with name and affiliation) to: HILP2 c/o Norval Smith or Marina Nespor The University of Amsterdam Spuistraat 210 1012 VT Amsterdam The Netherlands The abstracts should be two pages in length. They should be printed in Times Roman 12pts, one and a half line spacing, with 1" margin all round. The submission of abstracts by e-mail will not be accepted. DEADLINE for abstracts: July 1st 1994 Enquiries concerning HILP2 should be made via our e-mail address: HILP2@alf.let.uva.nl (as from 7th April) Preregistration: 45 Dutch Guilders/25 US Dollars payable to our Netherlands Postbank Giro account number 5990342 between September 1st and October 31st. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 1 Apr 94 21:19:35 -0800 From: wecol@BIOLOGY.UCLA.EDU (Western Conference on Linguistics) Subject: WECOL94 call for papers C A L L F O R P A P E R S W E C O L '9 4 (Western Conference on Linguistics) =========================================== 21-23 OCTOBER, 1994 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES ================================================== DEADLINE FOR ABSTRACTS: 1 JUNE, 1994 ================================================== Abstracts are invited for 20-minute talks in all areas of linguistic theory. Abstracts should be anonymous, and should be no longer than one page, with one inch margins, in typeface no smaller than 12 characters per inch. An additional page with examples and references may be included. Please provide 10 copies of the abstract. Authors should identify themselves on a separate 3"x5" index card, and should include the title and author's address, affiliation, telephone number, and e-mail address. In addition, papers are invited for two workshops to be held in conjunction with WECOL, entitled: ==================================================== THEORETICAL ISSUES IN THE ACQUISITION OF PHONOLOGY and FORMAL ISSUES IN THE STUDY OF NEGATION ==================================================== Invited Speaker: B. Alan Dresher, University of Toronto Abstracts should be sent to the following address: Chair, Abstracts Committee WECOL '94 Department of Linguistics University of California, Los Angeles 405 Hilgard Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90024 wecol@cognet.ucla.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 5 Apr 1994 13:29 +0800 From: Bob Hvitfeldt Subject: CALL: Asian Reading Congress Call for Papers Asian Reading Congress The Society for Reading and Literacy (Singapore) and International Development in Asia Committee, International Reading Association are jointly organizing a congress on Literacy and Biliteracy in Asia: Problems and Issues in the Next Decade to be held in Singapore from 22-24 June 1995. The Congress will include presentations of papers, symposia, workshops, and research roundtables. Papers are invited in areas including, but not limited to, the following: * Emerging global issues in literacy * Bilingualism and biculturalism * Models of bilingual education * Reading/Writing: Evaluation and standards * Teaching students with literacy difficulties * Early literacy and the bilingual leaner * Parents as teachers * Children's literature in an Asian context * Young adult literature in an Asian context * Adult literacy * Technology and literacy * Literacy learning and the arts * The teacher as researcher * Metacognition and biliteracy. Deadline for submissions 30 May, 1994 For more information please contact: Ms. Koshu Lulla ARC 1995 Conference Secretariat c/o Tele-Temps Pte Ltd 1002 Toa Payoh Industrial Park #06-1475 Singapore 1231 Tel: (65) 250-7700 Fax: (65) 253-2228 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-390. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-391. Tue 05 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 130 Subject: 5.391 Qs: Gramaticalization; Comparison; Portuguese; Reading Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 5 Apr 94 09:45:49 SAST-2 From: ROGER@beattie.uct.ac.za Subject: Grammaticalization and black holes 2) Date: Sun, 3 Apr 94 22:42:20 EST From: shuychon@mehta.anu.edu.au (Y. Shum) Subject: Comparison 2 Noun Phrases 3) Date: 2 Apr 94 16:24:37 ES From: Inge DeBleecker/Voice Processing Corp Subject: Brazilian Portuguese 4) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 12:33:46 METDST From: Mireia Trenchs Subject: Seminar, symposias,, etc. on reading processes??? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 5 Apr 94 09:45:49 SAST-2 From: ROGER@beattie.uct.ac.za Subject: Grammaticalization and black holes Dear Linguist Readers, I have a rather odd query, and hope somebody can help. It's a standard (and usually well-supported) view in work on grammaticalization, etc. that certain pathways in change are unidirectional: e.g. word > clitic > affix, etc. In other words, the end results of grammaticalization are black holes, out of which no information can be extracted. Does anyone know of any cases that are clear counterexamples, or are construable perhaps as such? Onew that occurs to me is the rise of the short-lived 'his-genitive' in English (the type 'John his house', where apparently the -s ending of the genitive was reinterpreted for a while as a reduced 'his', and the analysis was later extended sos that you got 'Mary her house' (after 'Mary his house'), 'John and Mary their houses', etc. One might take this as emergence of a word out of an affix (even if the affix wasn't a word originally). Any similar examples or things that suggest this kind of reversal would be useful, as I'm doing some work on directionality in general, and the notion of attractors in linguistic history out of which nothing can emerge, and whether such things can be defined. If anyone thinks my example is crazy or misintrpreted, that would be nice too. Thanks. Roger Lass, Linguistics, University of Cape Town -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 3 Apr 94 22:42:20 EST From: shuychon@mehta.anu.edu.au (Y. Shum) Subject: Comparison 2 Noun Phrases Hi there, I would truly appreciate it if anyone could tell me of any methods that could be used to determine if 2 noun phrases are equivalent, given that the words in the phrases have been tagged with their part-of-speech. The reason why I'm interested in this is because I've written a crude software that extracts noun phrases from a text. However, there are too many phrases being extracted and I'm trying to get a 'frequency of noun phrases'.To do this I will need a comparison algorithm. The naive way to do it is to consider 2 noun phrases are equal if any of the nouns in the phrases are equal. This easily leads to the situation where phrase A is equal to phrase B,phrase A is equal to phrase C butphrase B is not equal to phrase C. Thanks a lot! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 2 Apr 94 16:24:37 ES From: Inge DeBleecker/Voice Processing Corp Subject: Brazilian Portuguese I would like to get in touch with a linguist who is familiar with the Brazilian Portuguese language/phonemes. I have a small one-time job (couple of hours) waiting for that person, and good pay! It can be entirely done via e-mail. Please contact inge@vpro.com if interested. Inge De Bleecker -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Wed, 30 Mar 94 12:33:46 METDST From: Mireia Trenchs Subject: Seminar, symposias,, etc. on reading processes??? I'm currently conducting research on reading processes and teaching reading skills in second and foreign languages. I've been granted a few sabbatical months, and I'd like to use my free time as much (and as intensively) as possible and attend seminars, conferences, symposia or courses on these subjects. Do you know of any upcoming this year? I'd also like to get in touch with people who share my research interest. Thanks. Mireia Trenchs Facultat d'Humanitats Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, SPAIN -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-391. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-392. Tue 05 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 70 Subject: 5.392 Call for reviewers Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 16:51:15 -0500 (EST) From: Mark Adderley Subject: Language Quarterly (fwd) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Mar 1994 16:51:15 -0500 (EST) From: Mark Adderley Subject: Language Quarterly (fwd) If anybody would like to review the following books, please contact the LANGUAGE QUARTERLY as soon as possible: Barbara Lalla, and Jean D'Costa, "Language in Exile: Three Hundred Years of Jamaican Creole" Phil Carr, "Phonology" Francis Katamba, "Morphology" Vivian Cook, "Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition" Wolfgang Klein and Clive Perdue, "Utterance Structures" Ted Briscoe et. al., "Studies in Natural Language Processing" Cecilia Ford, "Grammar in Interaction: Adverbial Clauses in American English" Zirka Derlycia, "Everyday Ukrainian" (with 10 tapes) Revere D. Perkins, "Deixis Grammar and Culture" Madeleine Bates and Ralph M. Weischedel, "Challenges in Natural Language Processing" John Goldsmith, ed. "The Last Phonological Rule" Henk J. Verkuyl, "A Theory of Aspectuality" Eve V. Clark, "The Lexicon in Acquisition" Anthony R. Warner, "English Auxiliaries: Struture and History" Lois Bloom, "The Transition from infancy to Language: Acquiring the Power of Expression" Anybody interested in reviewing the above books for LANGUAGE QUARTERLY should contact Mark Adderley by e-mail at adderley@quijote.lang.usf.edu Thank you very much. Mark Adderley Univ. of S. Florida adderley@quijote.lang.usf.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-392. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-393. Tue 05 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 58 Subject: 5.393 Varia: Illinois grads, Employee classification Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 15:59:47 CST From: Larry Bouton Subject: An announcement: University of Illinois 2) Date: Mon, 21 Mar 1994 11:16:18 -0500 (EST) From: "Leslie Z. Morgan" Subject: Employee classification, -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Mar 94 15:59:47 CST From: Larry Bouton Subject: An announcement: University of Illinois The Message: If you have a MATESL degree from the University of Illinois (Urba na-Champaign), please contact me at my email address. You each have information that we need. So please contact me by Monday, April 4. Larbout@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu [Moderators' note: we apologize for inadvertent delay in posting this and hope that replies on Tuesday the 5th can still be useful.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 21 Mar 1994 11:16:18 -0500 (EST) From: "Leslie Z. Morgan" Subject: Re: 5.314 Qs: Structure vs. garage, Employee classification, I would like to suggest that the answers to "Employee Classification" be posted as a professional service. When students ask, "What do linguists do?" or "What could I do with a degree in linguistics?" we would have a list of examples. Thanks- Leslie Morgan Asst. Prof of Modern Langs. (soon to be Assoc. Prof....) Loyola College in MD. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-393. ________________________________________________________________ Message: 33707823, 184 lines Posted: 7:27am EDT, Wed Apr 6/94, imported: 7:29am EDT, Wed Apr 6/94 Subject: 5.394 Confs: Student Conference in Linguistics 6 To: linguistics-l, LINGUIST@tamvm1.tamu.edu From: linguist@tamsun.tamu.edu Sender: LINGUIST@tamvm1.tamu.edu ReplyTo: linguist@tamsun.tamu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-394. Wed 06 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 182 Subject: 5.394 Confs: Student Conference in Linguistics 6 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 4 Apr 1994 17:21:49 -0400 From: scil6 Subject: Student Conference in Linguistics 6 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 4 Apr 1994 17:21:49 -0400 From: scil6 Subject: Student Conference in Linguistics 6 SCIL 6 Sixth Annual Student Conference in Linguistics May 8-9, 1994 Preliminary Program Sunday, May 8 2:00 pm Spyridoula Varlokosta, University of Maryland, College Park Factive Complements and Wh-extraction 2:45 Milagrosa Ramos-Santacruz, Georgetown University Silent Heads of Spanish Wh-phrase Free Relatives 3:30 Maria-Luisa Jimenez, Georgetown University Foci, Topics, and their Position in Spanish 4:15 break 4:30 Daniel Buering, Cologne University The Interaction of Focus, Phrase Structure, and Quantification 5:15 Jairo Nunez, University of Maryland, College Park The Discourse Representation of Tense Sequencing in Narratives 6:00 Karen Leigh Brown, Indiana University Interpreting Progressives 8:00 Conference party Monday, May 9 8:45 am Hiroyuki Ura, Massachusetts Institute of Technology "Hyper-raising" and the Theory of pro 9:30 Daniel Buering, Cologne University & Katharina Hartmann, Frankfurt University Rightward Movement Rules O.K. 10:15 break 10:30 Carole Tenny Boster, University of Connecticut, Storrs Processing, Parameter Setting, and Early Null Subject Production 11:15 Ronald Fein, Harvard University The Acquisition of the Genitive of Negation in Russian 12:00 pm lunch 2:00 Eunjoo Han, Stanford University Prosodic Constraints in Compounding 2:45 Gorka Elordieta, University of Southern California Phonological Domains Defined by Head-Checking Domains 3:30 Hubert Truckenbrodt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology PF-Movement and Phonological Constituents 4:15 break 4:30 Christine Poulin, Stanford University Null Arguments and Referential Shift in American Sign Language 5:15 Christine Brisson, Rutgers University The Licensing of Unexpressed Objects in English Verbs 6:00 Alexis Dimitriadis, University of Pennsylvania Clitics and Object Drop in Greek and the Romance Languages ============================================================================ SCIL6 Sixth Annual Student Conference in Linguistics University of Rochester Rochester, NY May 8-9, 1994 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM Name:____________________________________________________________ Affiliation:_____________________________________________________ Address:_________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ E-mail Address:__________________________________________________ Fees: $5.00 (US Currency) Please make checks payable to SCIL 6 Conference. ASL Interpreting: For any participants who desire ASL interpreting, we ask that you please contact us as soon as possible so that we may be sure to have interpreting services available. Some talks have already been scheduled to have interpreting. If possible, please indicate any talks which you would want interpreting for. ============================================================================ SCIL '94 UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MAY 8-9 Housing possibilities: -Crash space. If you need crash space, please e-mail scil6@ling.rochester.edu or see the form below. -Goler House (University of Rochester). Campus housing with shuttle service to the University Buildings. Rate: $45 for a single $49 for a double. Double rooms can accommodate 4 (they come with an extra chair that can be turned into a bed and an extra cot can be added upon request). If you are interested in this kind of arrangement, please e-mail scil6@ling.rochester.edu and we will reserve the room for you. -Comfort Inn. Close to the airport (and to campus). Shuttle service to campus from 6 a.m. to midnight. Rate: $39 for either a single or a double. 395 Buell Road Rochester, NY 14624 Phone: (716) 436-4400 -Days Inn. Downtown. Shuttle service. Rate: $55 for a single $58 for a double 384 East Avenue. (corner Alexander) Phone: (716) 325-5010 -Howard Johnson. Close to the airport and campus. Shuttle service upon request, for groups. Rate: $59 for a double that can accommodate 4. Phone: (716) 235-6030 -Motel 6. Close to the airport and to campus. No shuttle service. Rate: $40.99 for a double room that can accommodate 4. $34.99 for a single. 155 Buell Rd. Rochester, NY 14624 Phone: (716) 436 2170 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-394. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-395. Wed 06 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 92 Subject: 5.395 Sum: French Kimmo Rules Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 94 20:36:24 -0500 From: Sara Elo Subject: Summary & New Query: French Kimmo Rules -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 2 Apr 94 20:36:24 -0500 From: Sara Elo Subject: Summary & New Query: French Kimmo Rules Dear Colleagues, I posted a query a few weeks back asking for pointers to a publically available set of grammar rules and lexicon for the Kimmo two-level morphological analyzer for the French language. In fact, I did not specify that I was searching for ascii files with the rules already entered on computer, rather than hard copy sources. I received the following 2 answers: ************************************************************************ From: bvei80@phoney.boeing.com (Gary Coen) Two-level morphological descriptions of French are available in two places I know about: 1. Lun, Sven. 1983. A Two-level Morphological Analysis of French. Texas Linguistics Forum 22. Dept. of Linguistics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas: 271:278. 2. Coen, Gary. 1991. Machine Translation on the Competence Model. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Texas, Austin, Texas:148:150. For 1, contact the Dept. of Linguistics at UT; for 2, contact University Microfilms. *********************************************************************** From: silberz@ladl.jussieu.fr (Max Silberztein) You should have a look at INTEX, which is a morphological parser based on a large coverage dictionary, the DELAF, which contains over 700,000 entries (all the inflected forms for French). For each one, INTEX gives its canonical form (i.e. the infinitive form for verbs), its part of speech and some inflectional information (tense, person, number gender). INTEX runs on any NextStep platform, is freely available, it does much more than just lemmatize forms: one can build concordances, build grammars in order to remove ambiguities, etc. INTEX is in fact a huge program, with compounds dictionaries, dozen local grammars, and parses texts in French, Italian and English (Spanish, German, Portuguese dictionaries are under construction). ************************************************************************ I would like to resend a query seeking the Kimmo rules and lexicon for French as ascii files. Has anyone gone through the work of entering the rules from the available literature? It would be greatly appreciated by me and I'm sure by all the people who sent me e-mail inquiring about the answers to my query. It would seem a waste of time and energy to duplicate the work, if it has already been done elsewhere. Thank you very much for any good news on French Kimmo Rules. Sara Elo Research assistant MIT Media Lab -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-395. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-396. Wed 06 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 60 Subject: 5.396 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 4 Apr 1994 13:56:04 -0600 From: larrym@tamuts.tamu.edu (Larry Mitchell) Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Tue, 05 Apr 1994 13:45:15 -0500 (EST) From: MARONOFF@Datalab2.sbs.sunysb.edu Subject: constituents and meaning -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 4 Apr 1994 13:56:04 -0600 From: larrym@tamuts.tamu.edu (Larry Mitchell) Subject: Re: 5.537 Mainstream Linguistics I am glad that Margaret Winters is content in a FL department but do not believe that her comments on the experience of linguists in English departments will withstand scrutiny. Can I start by pointing out that one of the moderators of the LINGUIST list (Anthony Aristar) has a home (happy, I hope!) in the English department at Texas A&M? I spent nineteen good years at Minnesota in the English department--including six as Chair--and certainly did my best to make sure that the linguists among us felt welcome. It is true that colleagues in literature don't always understand what linguists "do"--but I cannot recall any negative tenure decisions resulting from such lack of understanding. It is, of course, prudent for anyone in a "minority subfield" --linguistics, rhetoric & composition,literary theory,folklore, etc.--in an English department, to work at educating colleagues, building bridges, etc. Moreover, after following the fascinating--and on the whole healthy--debate about "mainstream linguistics," it occurs to me that unhappy/unemployed linguists might indeed find a home away from home in an English department somewhere. (Larry Mitchell, Head, Dept of English, Texas A&M) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 05 Apr 1994 13:45:15 -0500 (EST) From: MARONOFF@Datalab2.sbs.sunysb.edu Subject: constituents and meaning Those interested in the development of Bloomfield's attitude to meaning and its influence on successor generations of theorists should look at Peter Matthews's recent book : Grammatical theory in the United States from Bloomfield to Chomsky, which is built around this theme. Matthews's analysis of Bloomfield is very different from what I at least was taught. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-396. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-398. Wed 06 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 168 Subject: 5.398 Review: Renkema's Discourse Studies Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Review Editor: Barbara Johnstone: Texas A&M U. REVIEW EDITOR'S NOTE: What follows is another discussion note contributed to our Book Discussion Forum. We expect these discussions to be informal and interactive; and the author of the book discussed is cordially invited to join in. If you are interested in leading a book discussion, look for books announced on LINGUIST as "available for discussion." (This means that the publisher has sent us a review copy.) Then contact Barbara Johnstone at bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 5 Apr 94 11:35 CDT From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Discussion of Renkema, Discourse Studies -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 5 Apr 94 11:35 CDT From: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu Subject: Discussion of Renkema, Discourse Studies Renkema, Jan (1993) Discourse Studies: an Introductory Textbook. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 224. Hfl. 45. pb. Reviewed by Patrick McConvell, Northern Territory University, Darwin, Australia Renkema's book has the kind of structure that could make it very useful as a text for teaching courses on discourse analysis. It has 17 short chapters, grouped into four parts: "General Orientation"; "Basic phenomena"; "Specific discourse types" - with chapters on interaction (conversation analysis), narration and argumentation; and "Production and perception". Each chapter has good annotations about further reading and plenty of discussion questions. The book is light on the "core" linguistic side - grammatical expression of discourse structure - which may be an advantage for those wishing to teach courses to non-specialists, and to undergraduates lacking a solid background in grammar. Some of the topics covered e.g. on the reading and writing processes, will be of interest particularly to education students; other recently appearing textbooks on discourse studies like Hatch (1992) are also geared to this market. The distinctive contribution of Renkema's book as compared to other good introductions to Discourse Analysis (e.g. Brown and Yule 1983; Coulthard 1977/1985 - the latter strangely not referred to in Renkema's book) is its introduction of a continental European perspective, particular Dutch and German works, extending from the basic communication model of Buehler, to the work of Teun van Dijk and colleagues, the influential philosophical theories of Habermas, and other work of German scholars less generally known in the English- speaking world. Not that Anglo-American work is neglected: Speech Act theory and its influence is well covered, and used, along with Buehler's Organon framework, as a foundation for treatment of other issues, for instance. "Discourse" is the most overworked word in the vocabulary of the humanities and social sciences today. In an increasing range of disciplines writers lean towards the French philosophers and literary analysts of "discourses" who either ignore or reject approaches grounded in linguistics in favour of looser hermeneutic approaches. Renkema, however, only refers to "French discourse theorists" once, in relation to the concept of "intertextuality" and gives no references (p.42) - an excusable omission given the wide field to be covered. In the German-Dutch schools of discourse studies "science" is not yet a dirty word, but the practical and ethical dimensions of the study of discourse are perhaps closer to the heart of the field, as with Habermas' emphasis on communication failure in modern society, rather than added, if at all, as an afterthought as in most Anglo-American work. Chomsky's dichotomous practice - doing formal syntax independently of discourse while in his "other life" doing informal "discourse analysis" of bias in American media, is symbolic of the gap which exists in the Anglo-American approach. It is unfortunate that Renkema decided to leave out of the book, along with approaches to discourse arising from cognitive linguistics, the contributions of the German-Dutch schools on discourse and ideology, media bias, and racism "because the focus... is not on the relationship between form and function [of verbal communication]"(p.203), the latter being the aim of discourse studies in Renkema's definition (p.1). It is difficult to see how this very broad definition of the field excludes this work. Deprived of the chance to use these applications to illustrate theories, the presentation occasionally becomes excessively formal (without however incorporating enough linguistic substance to please a linguist) and quite difficult to follow. For instance the presentation of the model of discourse processing of Kintsch and van Dijk (e.g. van Dijk and Kintsch 1983) in Chapter 16 is dependent on prior understanding of "propositional analysis" presented in Chapter 6. Chapter 6, although clearly intended by its position heading Part 2 on "Basic Phenomena" to provide a foundation for much that follows, I found the most opaque in the book. In the introductory section of the chapter (p.53) we are told that the sentence (1) has "approximately the same meaning" as sentence (3) and that both "refer to a butcher who sells steak". (1) This butcher sells only steak. (3) If only this butcher sold steak! After happily reading through the first five chapters of the book, this was a hard morsel to chew. "Propositional analysis" is said to derive from the field of philosophy and logic (p.54) yet there are many differences from standard logical notation here which readers unfamiliar with this type of analysis will find baffling, and which are not explained. A number of shortcomings of the analysis are conceded including that "there are hardly any criteria which could be given to test the accuracy of the analysis" and that "[p]roblems are always encountered when discourse is analyzed which has not been generated for this purpose" (p.56), leaving the impression that other developments grounded in this type of analysis must be shaky. Van Dijk's own presentations of his theories of discourse (e.g. 1977) do not proceed in this way but begin with more standard formal semantics. Another criticism of the book would be the lack of a broad cross-cultural approach to discourse incorporating anthropological approaches to discourse and cross-cultural critiques of Speech Act theory and Politeness theory. Renkema's textbook is a good survey of most aspects of the discourse analysis field, which will be useful in a range of courses. It introduces the German-Dutch tradition more fully than other widely available texts do, but the selection of the aspects of this work presented and flaws in the presentation of some of the theories do detract from the impact which this valuable work could make. References Brown, Gillian and George Yule (1983) Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Coulthard, Malcolm (1977 2nd edition 1985) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. London: Longman. van Dijk, Teun (1977) Text and Context: explorations in the semantics and pragmatics of discourse. London:Longman. van Dijk, Teun and Walter Kintsch (1983) Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. New York:Academic Press. Hatch, Evelyn (1992) Discourse and language education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-398. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-399. Wed 06 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 171 Subject: 5.399 Sum: Generics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 4 Apr 1994 17:57:58 -0500 From: Michael Kac Subject: Summary on Generics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 4 Apr 1994 17:57:58 -0500 From: Michael Kac Subject: Summary on Generics Back in February I posted the following query: >Are there languages in which there is some kind of overt >morphological or lexical marking to indicate genericity -- i.e. in >which e.g. *the lion* qua generic is formally distinguished from >*the lion* qua singular definite description? I received a number of interesting replies, summarized below with apologies for the delay in doing so. The answers support the contention of Oesten Dahl (1988) -- who drew my attention to his paper -- that there's no language with a strictly generic article. Herewith, then, the promised summary: Julie Auger -- who also drew my attention to Dahl's paper -- argues in a paper of her own (see References, below)that in colloquial French the distal demonstrative pronoun *c,a* has developed into a generic marker as used in sentences like (1) Les hommes, c,a parlent tout le temps. the men that talks all the time 'Men talk all the time.' (2) Les hommes, ils parlent tout le temps. they (ambiguous as bet. generic and nongeneric interp.) In her analysis, *c,a* is associated syntactically with the verb but forces a generic construal on the subject. Greg Carlson notes that Manfred Krifka, in his introduction to a book in press, reports on a number of German dialects (including Bavarian) in which there are two forms of the definite article, one but not the other of which is used generically. The primary function of the 'long' form is to refer anaphorically while the 'short' form is used to refer to something already in the background and with proper names. However, the short form (but not the long) is used for generic reference. Exx.: (3) Da Schnapps is daia. Schnapps is expensive. (generic) (4) I hab a Bia un an Schnapps bschdait. Dea/*Da Schnapps war daia. 'I have ordered a beer and a Schnapps. The Schnapps was expensive.' A similar pattern also exists in Frisian. This is the closest anybody came to identifying a specifically generic form of the article, though Dahl's contention is still supported since the short form isn't used *only* to mark genericity. Carlson (seconded by Amy Uhrbach) also cites work by Portersfield and Srivastav, who report that the definite article in Indonesian is omitted in a variety of circumstances, including generic reference. Bill Croft adds that there are some Micronesian languages -- e.g. Mokilese (Sheldon 1976) -- that work this way. (So, according to Ingo Plag, do many creole languages. See Bickerton 1981.) Krifka also notes that some languages (e.g., Swahili) have morphological markings on verbs when the intent is to make reference generic properties or activities (such as habitual activity) rather than to specific events. Kjetl Hauge describes a pattern which is exhibited by certain varieties of Norwegian in certain styles. Compare (5) a. den unge mann-en DEM PRONOUN young man-ART (postposed) b. den unge mann (5a) is anphoric, (5b) generic. Further details in Lundeby 1965. (A further note: Danish uses only the former type of construction, Swedish only the latter.) Michael Newman points out that in that most exotic of all languages, English, the common-sex *they* can be used to at least strongly suggest genericity in some contexts; thus, compare (4) You take a guy like Morrow that's always snapping his/their towel at other people's asses ... where the case with *his* favors a reading on which you're talking about Morrow himself and the one with *they* favors one on which you're talking about the class of guys like Morrow. Norbert Strade has contributed some examples in Finnish, where genericity can be marked through the case of the adjective: Finnish can make the distinction through the case of the adjective in predicative constructions: (6) kahvi on hyva" 'coffee is good' (noun in nom.sg. + copula + adjective in nom.sg.) (7) kahvi on hyva"a" the coffee is good (adjective in partitive sg.). (8) leijona on hyva" the lion is good (8) leijona on hyva"a" lion [understood as lion-meat] is good I posted the query because genericity is not something I've thought about much, but I've been thinking about it of late for two reasons. One is that I was at the time of the posting gearing up for a course in which we'd be working through Ojeda's *Linguistic Individuals*, which has what I consider a particularly ingenious (and satisfying) treatment of definite generics in English. The other is that I've been at work on a paper dealing with singular terms from a somewhat different point of view and trying to assimilate definite generics to ordinary definite descriptions in a way something like the one Ojeda suggests. Thanks to everyone quoted above, and also to Ariel Cohen, John Cowan, Kiyoshi Ishikawa, Marion Kee, and Ernest McCarus for their interest. References Auger, J. 1993. Syntax, semantics and *c,a*: on genericity in colloquial French. Penn Linguistics Review. Barlow, M. 1992. A Situated Theory of Agreement. Garland. Bickerton, D. 1981. Roots of Language. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma. Carlson, G. 1992. Project description, ms. University of Rochester. Dahl, Oesten. 1985. Tense and Aspect Systems. Oxford: Blackwell. ------------- 1988. The expression of the episodic-generic distinction in tense-aspect systems. In M. Krifka ed., Genericity in Natural Language (Proc. of 1988 Tuebingen Conference, SNS- Bericht 88-42, Univ. of Tuebingen 95-106) Harrison, Sheldon P. 1976. Mokilese Reference Grammar. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. Lundeby, Einar 1965. Overbestemt substantiv i norsk og de andre nordiske spr}k, Universitetsforlaget. Michael Kac -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-399. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-400. Wed 06 Apr 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 209 Subject: 5.400 Sum: Question Particles Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 1994 18:53:41 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: Question particles (summary) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 31 Mar 1994 18:53:41 -0500 From: ewb2@cornell.edu Subject: Question particles (summary) My original question to LINGUIST List: Vol-5-540. Sat 26 Mar 1994: >Can anyone cite recent works on the categorial status, classification, and >nature of question particles (e.g. _li_ / _czy_ / _ci_ for yes-no questions >in Slavic languages, -ne in Latin)? Please write to ewb2@cornell.edu >(Wayles Browne). Responses (here slightly shortened) were mostly from Slavists, but we begin with a Romanist: Julie Auger : Here are a couple of references about the interrogative particle "-ti/-tu" of Non-Standard French and Franco-Provencal. This particle has been very little studied, but these works should give you a pretty good idea of its syntactic and morphological behavior. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to get in touch with me, since this is a topic I intend to cover in my almost-finished dissertation. Kayne, Richard S. 1983. "Chains, categories external to S, and French complex inversion". Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 1:107-139. (pp. 126-127) Muller, Claude. 1984. "L'inversion du sujet clitique en francais et la syntaxe du sujet". Lingvisticae Investigationes 8.2:335- 362. (pp. 351-352) Picard, Marc. 1991. "Clitics, affixes and the question marker 'tu' in Canadian French". Journal of French Language Studies 1,2:179-187. Picard, Marc. 1992. "Aspects synchroniques et diachroniques du tu interrogatif en quebecois". Revue quebecoise de linguistique 21,2:65-75. Roberts, Ian. 1991. "The nature of subject clitics in Franco- provencal Valdotain". In Henk van Riemsdijk & Luigi Rizzi. (eds.). Clitics and their hosts; Eurotyp Working Papers. Tilburg: Tilburg University, pp. 303-330. Roberts, Ian. 1993. Verbs and Diachronic Syntax. Dordrecht: Kluwer. "George Fowler h(317)726-1482 o(812)855-2829" : In the next Journal of Slavic Linguistics, now at the printers, there's a paper on Russian _li_ by Tracy Holloway King, a recent Ph.D. from Stanford. Her paper includes an appendix discussing Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian. Loren Allen Billings : I'm interested in _li_ in Russian and Slavic. There's work on this in Tracy H. King's 1993 Stanford dissertation, a GB and LFG treatment of topic and focus in CSR. As for _chy_, I've located two examples of the expletive _vono_ in Ukrainian that can co-exist with a nominative NP in what may well be the same clause. I remember one of these; the other is similar: <1> Chy vono starshyna pryjde skoro? 'Is the chief coming soon or not?' Joan Maling wonders whether this type of apparent clefting involves a distinct clause. That is, is _vono_ part if the cleft clause as is _it_ in English clefts? Probably. (Incidentally, ex. <1> can have a plural or past-tense to disambiguate the agreement--my modifications, checked with native speakers: <2> Chy vono starshyny pryjdut' skoro? 'Are the chiefs coming soon?' <3> Chy vono starshyna pryjshov skoro? 'Did the chief come soon?' I'm uncertain about ex. 3; I'm typing it from memory.) Jindra Toman gave a paper at Formal Approaches to Slavic Languates II at MIT last May, discussing so-called Wackernagel's Law clitics in Czech. Apparently _li_ is distinct prosodically from the other second-position clitics in that it (_li_), as opposed to the pronouns and other clitics, actually encliticizes to the first constituent.The others do not. He also participated in a workshop at Geneva last summer called "Slavic Clitics and Wackernagel-like effects" or some such title; the schedule was published in his Syntax Newsletter, May '92 edition. I believe Toman's address is USERHEEM@UMICHUB.BITNET. Finally, there's someon at Harvard Slavic working on discourse clitics in Russian, Lillian Parrott (parrott@husc.harvard.edu). Lilli and I will be presenting coordinated papers at the discourse-clitics panel at AATSEEL in San Diego in December 1994, chaired by Olga Yokoyama. My own work on clitics involves an Optimality-theoretic look at W's Law clitics, especially _li_. I'm just beginning it. But here's the main idea: I would suppose that _li_ is a quantifier-complementizer. Jane Grimshaw, citing Richard Kayne, posits that _if_, unlike _whether_ is in C-zero, not Spec CP (where _whether_ is). As you surely know, Czech uses _jestli_ 'if' as 'whether', but this is an aside. If _li_ is a quantifier, then it should have scope over even the initial element it is enclitic to. But, since it is prosodically incomplete, and specified prosodically as suffixal, we get the syntax-prosody paradox of "_li_ has to be first syntactically but must follow something prosodiacally". The optimal compromise is for _li_ to be suffixal to one and only one word. You get my drift. Curt Woolhiser : I unfortunately cannot provide any references concerning question particles in Slavic, but you might also want to examine the situation in Lithuanian, which uses the particle "ar~" in exactly the same way as "czy" in Polish and "ci" in Belorussian (i.e. as a clause-initial interrogative marker, e.g. "Ar~ turi' lai~ko?" ('Do you have time'), Ar~ z'inote? ('Do you know?), cf. P Czy masz czas?, Czy wiesz? Br. Ci ty majesh chas?, Ci ty vedajesh?; and as a disjunctive conjunc- tion, e.g. "Tai~p ar~ ne?" 'Yes or no?', cf. P Tak czy nie? Br Tak ci ne?). It seems to me that the clause-initial interrogative particle which also functions as a disjunctive conjunction is an areal feature encompassing Polish, Belorussian and Ukrainian (as well as some Russian transitional dialects), possibly some dialects of Slovak, Lithuanian, as well as some northeastern European varieties of Yiddish. The geographical distribution suggests that Polish was most likely the source, although the particle "ci" (originally the instrumental form of CS *ch'to) is presumed to have been present as an interrogative marker in Common Slavic, so its occurrence as an interrogative particle in Slavic languages other than Polish may not necessarily be due to borrowing. It should be mentioned, however, that clause-initial "ci" (or "chy") doesn't show up in Old Belorussian and Ukrainian texts until the 15th-17th centuries, while "li" is still widely used in texts with minimal Church Slavonic influence (e.g. "Borzdo li maet pryexati pan Tryshchan?" from the 16th-century Belorussian translation of the Romance of Tristan and Isolde). On the other hand, Polish texts up until the 16th century tend to use the particles "aza" or "azali" rather than "czy" in the same function, so we might be dealing here with a common Polish-Belorussian-Ukrainian innovation that arose in a linguistically mixed area. Curt Woolhiser University of South Carolina kjetil@hauge.spb.su (Kjetil Raa Hauge): I am sure it hasn't escaped you that there is an article by Tanja Avgustinova on Bulgarian clitics in the latest Journal of Slavic Linguistics, although she doesn't say much about "the categorial status, classification, and nature" of li, but rather more about its syntax. -- Kjetil Raa Hauge, U. of Oslo; on sabbatical in St. Petersburg, Russia -- Tel. +7812/275-40-24, fax +7812/213-19-92 -- Permanent e-mail: K.R.Hauge@easteur-orient.uio.no Catherine Rudin cites her works, and so (!) does Frank Gladney. GLADNEY@VMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU: I seem to remember Catherine Rudin's aritcle in NLLT 6 (1988) has nodes for question particles. crudin@nde.unl.edu (catherine rudin): Do you have my paper on "li" in Bulgarian? Maria Luisa Rivero, Tracy Holloway King, and Roumjana Izvorski have all written about "li" in Bulgarian and/or S.-C. and/or Russian -- I assume you're familiar with their work? There seems to be a general assumption that "li" is C, though most of us haven't given very strong arguments for this. [A selection of recent references: Izvorska, Roumjana 1993. Abstract of conference presentations, Slavic Syntax Newsletter (ed. J.Toman) 3.2, Dec. 1993. King, Tracy Holloway 1993. "Configuring Topic and Focus in Russian." Stanford University Ph.D. dissertation. Progovac, Ljiljana 1994. "Clitics in Serbian/Croatian: Comp as the Second Position." Ms., Wayne State University. Rivero, Maria Luisa 1993. "Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian Yes-No Questions. V[zero] raising to -li vs. Li-hopping." Linguistic Inquiry 24.3: 567-575. -- 1994. "On two locations for complement clitic pronouns: Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, and Old Spanish." Paper for Third Diachronic Generative Syntax Conference, Amsterdam, March 1994. C. Rudin 1986, _Aspects of Bulgarian Syntax: Complementizers and Wh Constructions_. Columbus: Slavica Publishers. -- 1988, "On multiple questions and multiple Wh-fronting." Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6:445-501. -- 1993a, "On Focus Position and Focus Marking in Bulgarian Questions." FLSM (Formal Linguistics Society of the Midwest) Proceedings. -- 1993b, "On the Syntax of Li questions in Bulgarian." Presented at AATSEEL meeting, Toronto. (Revises some conclusions from 1993a.) -- to appear, "Kakvo li e LI? Interrogation and focusing in Bulgarian." In Festschrift for Zbigniew Golab, ed. V. Friedman and M. Belyavski-Frank. Papers dealing with clitic placement in Serbo-Croatian necessarily deal with _li_, since this is the first member of the clitic group. Unfortunately their authors, both those who are native speakers of one of the language's standards and those who are not, frequently argue on the basis of examples which are disputed by other authors. An attempt to clear up the differences is Carson T. Schu"tze, "Serbo- Croatian Second Position Clitic Placement and the Phonology-Syntax Interface," to appear in Andrew Carnie et al., Papers on Phonology and Morphology = MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 21. Further references and comments very welcome.--W.B.] Wayles Browne, Assoc. Prof. of Linguistics Dept. of Modern Languages, Morrill Hall Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. tel. 607-255-0712 e-mail ewb2@cornell.edu (formerly jn5j@cornella.cit.cornell.edu and jn5j@cornella.bitnet) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-400.