________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-651. Mon 06 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 89 Subject: 5.651 New Books: Historical ling, Arabic ling, Nchufie Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace ------------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv. Instructions for retrieving publishers' backlists appear at the end of this issue. ------------------------------New Books------------------------------------- HISTORICAL LING Fernandez, Francisco, Miguel Fuster, & Juan Jose Calvo (eds.) ENGLISH HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 1992. PAPERS FROM THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGLISH HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS John Benjamins 1994 viii, 388 pp. HISTORICAL LING Cloth US: 1 55619 567 2/EUR: 90 272 3616 X US$95.00/Hfl. 170,-- Contributors: R. Hogg, E. Bernardez, R. Sell, N. Blake, J. Fisiak, F. Colman, T. Guzman, P. Lucas, L. Wright, M. Ogura, G. Bergh, A. Seppdnen, J. M. de la Cruz, G. Mazzon, C. Castillo, M. Kytv, T. Fanego, L. Moessner, H. J. Diller, V. Kniezsa, C. Dalton-Puffer, F. Rodriguez, G. Cannon, N. Pantaleo, H. Raumolin-Brunberg, L. Kahlas-Tarkka, T. Nevalainen, I. Taavitsainen, S. Louhivaara, I. Tieken-Boon von Ostade. ARABIC LING Eid, Mushira, Vincente Cantarino, & Keith Walters (eds.) PERSPECTIVES ON ARABIC LINGUISTICS VI. PAPERS FROM THE SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON ARABIC LINGUISTICS John Benjamins 1994 viii, 238 pp. ARABIC LING Cloth US: 1 55619 569 9/EUR: 90 272 3618 6 US$68.00/Hfl. 120,-- Three areas of focus: I. Arabic in Contact: the Hispano-Arabic Connection; II. Other Connections; III. Pholological Perspectives Contributors: F. Corriente, C. Lspez Morilla, V. Cantarino, M. Torreblanca, J. Monroe, M. Al-Batal, R. K. Belnap, J. Gee, D. Testen, S. Safi-Stagni, B. Majdi, M. Winston, M. Younes. NCHUFIE UCLA Occasional Papers In Linguistics, Vol 14: ASPECTS OF NCHUFIE GRAMMAR. Eds. Koopman & Kural. 1994. 164 pp. Phonetix, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax. $11 US, $14 outside US. Payable to UC REGENTS (in US$). Send to: Dept of Ling,UCLA,LA, CA 90024. e-mail:eiv2jlb@mvs.oac.ucla.edu KOOPMAN:Introduction; BYRD:Pitch & Duration of Yes/No Questions; SILVERMAN: Optional & Obligatory Prenasalization; BEN-SHALOM:Tones of Verbal Inflection; NKEMNJI:MorphoSyntax of Nominals; MORITZ:Facts of DP's; NAM: Negation; SANO: Resumptive Pronouns; NAKAMURA:WH-questions; KURAL&MORITZ: Wh-in-situ & Locality -----------------------How to get a publisher's backlist----------------------- Simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) osuwpl lst (Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics) cornell lst (Cornell University Linguistics Dept.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-651. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-652. Mon 06 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 83 Subject: 5.652 New Books: Lang acquisition Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace ------------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv. Instructions for retrieving publishers' backlists appear at the end of this issue. ------------------------------New Books------------------------------------- CHILD LANG ACQUISITION Berman, Ruth A., & Slobin, Dan I. RELATING EVENTS IN NARRATIVE: A CROSSLINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY Lawrence Erlbaum Associates US $45 prepaid (cloth) ISBN 0-8058-1435-3 xiv, 748 pp. The authors, with collaborators from several countries, explore uses of linguistic forms in narrative, in both a developmental and crosslinguistic framework. Contributors are psychologists and linguists, taking a functional typo- logical approach. The study is based on a large crosslinguistic corpus of narratives, all elicited by the same picture storybook, in English, German, Spanish, Hebrew, and Turkish, from preschool and school-age children, as well as adults. The findings deal with both universal and language-specific patterns of development, suggesting a new approach to questions of language and thought. LANG ACQUISITION Gass, Susan & Larry Selinker (eds.) LANGUAGE TRANSFER IN LANGUAGE LEARNING (rev. ed.) (new pb ed.) LANG ACQUISITION John Benjamins 1994 x, 236 pp. Cloth US: 1 55169 240 1/EUR: 90 272 2468 4 US$49.00/Hfl. 95,-- Paper US: 1 55619 248 7/EUR: 90 272 2476 5 US$24.95/Hfl. 50,-- The study of native language influence in Second Language Acquisition has undergone significant changes over the past few decades. This volume traces the conceptual history of language transfer from its early role within a Contrastive Analysis framework to its current position within Universal Grammar. For the present book the 1983 edition has been thoroughly revised, and some papers have been replaced, some added. Contributors: S. Gass, L. Selinker, S. Pit Corder, J. Schachter, J. Ard, T. Homburg, E. Broselow, J.K. Gundel, E.F. Tarone, H.G. Bartelt, R.C. Scarcella, P. Jordens, H. Zobi, U. Lakshmanan, L. White. -----------------------How to get a publisher's backlist----------------------- Simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamins) erlbaum lst (Lawrence Erlbaum) kluwer lst (Kluwer Academic Publishers) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) ucp lst (University of Chicago Press) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) osuwpl lst (Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics) cornell lst (Cornell University Linguistics Dept.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-652. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-653. Mon 06 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 91 Subject: 5.653 TOC: Natural Language Semantics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace ---------------------------Note---------------------------------------- Journal articles are excellent topics for discussion, and we encourage readers to post such commentary. We will publish the tables of contents of current journal issues if they are reduced to 20 lines or less; and we will maintain journal backlists on our listserv. Our resources, however, do not allow us to post the tables of contents of either working papers or books. Available journal backlists include: LI lst (Linguistic Inquiry) compling lst (Computational Linguistics) NALA lst (Natural Language and Linguistic Theory) To retrieve a backlist, send the message: get linguist Ex: get LI lst linguist to listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) -------------------------Table of Contents-------------------------------- NATURAL LANGUAGE SEMANTICS VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2 Dorit Abusch / The scope of indefinites 83 Veneeta Srivastav Dayal / Scope marking as Indirect WH-Dependency 137 The aims and scope, instructions for authors, and ordering information for this journal, as well as a complete listing of past and forthcoming tables of contents are available free of charge via our anonymous ftp server at ftp.std.com in the directory Kluwer/journals/linguistics. Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers email: emkluwer@world.std.com (for NA), Services@wkap.nl (for Rest of World) Fax: (31)-78-183273, Tel: (31)-78-524400, P.O.Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-653. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-655. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 110 Subject: 5.655 Jobs: Vietnamese/Laotian/Khmer, African lang pedagogy, Post-doc Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 3 Jun 94 14:48:17 EST From: raskin@mace.cc.purdue.edu (Victor Raskin) Subject: Vietnamese, Laotian, Khmer 2) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 15:26:12 -0500 (EST) From: robert n shull Subject: Job 3) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 11:27:09 +0200 From: " (NGUYEN Noel)" Subject: job: post-doc in psycholinguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 3 Jun 94 14:48:17 EST From: raskin@mace.cc.purdue.edu (Victor Raskin) Subject: Vietnamese, Laotian, Khmer I know of a nice job opportunity for a person or persons with linguistic expertise in Vietnamese, Laotian, and/or Cambodian (Khmer, I guess?). May I ask people who come under these categories to contact me privately by e-mail? Thank you! -- Victor Raskin raskin@mace.cc.purdue.edu Professor of English and Linguistics (317) 494-3782 Chair, Interdepartmental Program in Linguistics 494-3780 fax Coordinator, Natural Language Processing Laboratory Purdue University W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1356 U.S.A. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 15:26:12 -0500 (EST) From: robert n shull Subject: Job The Department of Linguistics and the African Studies Program of Indiana University invite applications for a pre- or post-doctoral traineeship in African language pedagogy beginning this coming August, 1994. Fluency in Bambara and prior teaching experience are required. To express interest and request further information, contact Professor Paul Newman as soon as possible. Telephone: (812) 855-6459 Fax: (812) 855-6734 email: lingdept@indiana.edu Mail: Department of Linguistics Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 11:27:09 +0200 From: " (NGUYEN Noel)" Subject: job: post-doc in psycholinguistics Post-doctoral position in Geneva, Switzerland Applications are invited for a post-doctoral position to work on a Swiss Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) grant within the psycholinguistics laboratory of the Faculty of Psychology and Education (FPSE) at the University of Geneva. The successful candidate is expected to conduct research in the area of experimental and computational psycholinguistics on a project studying spoken word recognition. The main topics being addressed concern: the input representation(s) and units of speech processing, the mapping process between input and lexical representations, and the segmentation processes and the role played by prosodic information. A strong background in experimen- tation and a good knowledge of computational modelling and/or phonological theory are highly desirable. Native or near native fluency in French is required. The 2 1/2 year position starts on October 1, 1994 and continues through March 31, 1997. Remuneration will be approxi- mately 55,000 Fr./year (excluding taxes and social insurance). Interested candidates should send a letter of application stating past experience and current psycholinguistics interests, a curri- culum vitae, a copy of the highest degree (doctorate), and the names/(email) addresses of two references. In order to obtain a Swiss working permit, the successful candidates must enroll at the university as a student. Since the closing date for receipt of applications is June 15, candidates are encouraged to send their applications either by e-mail or FAX. Prof. Uli Frauenfelder Laboratoire de Psycholinguistique, FPSE 9 route de Drize, CH-1227 Carouge Suisse tel.: (+41) 22 705 97 40 - Fax: (+41) 22 300 14 80 e-mail: frauenfe@uni2a.unige.ch -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-655. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-656. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 154 Subject: 5.656 Sum: Spatial Descriptions Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 11:39:33 -0700 From: emmorey@salk-sc2.salk.edu (Karen Emmorey) Subject: Summary of Spatial Descriptions -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 11:39:33 -0700 From: emmorey@salk-sc2.salk.edu (Karen Emmorey) Subject: Summary of Spatial Descriptions Several months ago, I asked whether there are languages other than American Sign Language in which the Ground is described prior to the Figure in "simple sentence level descriptions" (such as "the cup is on the table" in English). I was curious whether ASL's Ground-Figure ordering might be due to the visual modality of signed languages. This query generated quite a bit of discussion on SL-LING (the sign language net) about spatial descriptions in general, but here I will just summarize responses directly related to Figure-Ground order of mention. Tomomi Okazaki (tomomi@essex.ac.uk) provided some examples from Chinese and from Japanese in which Ground precedes the Figure: [Japanese] J1. tsuke no ue ni hon ga arimasu. desk of top loc. a book nom. exists (the Ground-ni the Figure-ga verb) N.B. Both 'ni' and 'ga' in the above sentence are postpositions: 'ni' is a location marker and 'ga' is a subject marker. [Chinese] C1. chouzi shang you (yi ben) shu. desk top exists (one volume) book (the Ground verb the Figure) Okazaki also indicated that the Figure can be topicalized, creating a Figure-Ground order in both Japanese and Chinese. Korean exhibits the same pattern of ordering. Dan Slobin (slobin@cogsci.berkeley.edu) provided some interesting examples from Tzeltal, the Mayan language studied by Steve Levinson and Penelope Brown, in which a "positional" predicate specifies the shape and orientation properties of an object (which may serve as either Figure or Ground), while a single, empty preposition indicates that there is a relation between the Figure and Ground. In examples (1) and (2), the Ground precedes the Figure, and the initial predicate classifies a container-like object which can serve as either the Figure (1) or the Ground (2): (1) pachal ta mexa boch sits-bowlshape-container relation table gourd `The gourd is on the table.' (2) pachal ta boch ixim sits-bowlshape-container relation gourd corn `The corn is in the gourd.' Steve Levinson (levinson@mpi.kun.nl) suggests that Figure-Ground ordering may be a direct reflection of basic word order. In Tzeltal, the ordering is: Predicate - Object - Prepositional Phrase - Subject Sotaro Kita (kita@mpi.kun.nl) also suggests that the nature of Figure-Ground orderings may lie in the "basic word order" of a language, citing Kuno's (1973) hypothesis that at some level of derivation existential sentences have the locative [the Ground] preceding the subject. Liddell (1980) argues that the basic word order for ASL is SVO, but locatives exhibit an OSV order. Slobin warned that it may be a mistake to focus on "simple sentence-level descriptions," excluding "discourse level phenomena." He and Nini Hoiting argue that sign language narratives require advance stage-setting in order to move protagonists from place to place in a semantically structured signing space (in both ASL and Sign Language of the Netherlands). Similar stage-setting orderings (i.e. Ground-Figure) exist at the discourse level for spoken languages which are "verb-framed" according to Len Talmy's typology (e.g. Spanish, Turkish, Hebrew). With respect to the hypothesis that the Ground-Figure ordering in signed languages may be due to a modality constraint, Slobin agrees and points out that the same constraint occurs in drawing. For example, preschoolers will first draw a bed and then a girl lying on the bed (data from Lauren Silver, a graduate student at Berkeley). Finally, Steven Schaufele (fcosws@nytud.hu) suggested an interesting parallel between ASL and the jargon of Heraldry in Great Britain in which it is standard "to describe the field first, than anything 'lying' on the field itself, followed by anything lying on that, etc. Thus three green circles on a gold chevron in a blue field would be described as 'azure on a chevron on three rondels vert'." Schaufele suggests that this order of mention relates to "the hypothesis that ASL describes backgrounds before foregrounds in part because of the visual, as opposed to auditory, orientation of ASL. Heraldic jargon is, of course, a visual 'language' too, and the historical justification for describing 'fields' before 'charges' is that the former are visible from a greater distance, i.e., if someone is approaching you from a distance with the arms described above, you're going to register the blue field probably before you notice anything else, and certainly the gold chevron before the three little green circles. Hence in terms of hierarchical organization it makes sense to describe the more general field first, moving afterward to the smaller details in the 'foreground'." Thanks again to all who participated in this discussion, and I hope some of you find this summary useful. Karen Emmorey emmorey@sc2.salk.edu References: Kuno, S. (1973). The structure of the Japanese Language. MIT Press (see Chapter 28). Liddell, (1980). American Sign Language Syntax. Mouton Publishers: The Hague. Slobin, D. & Hoiting, N. (1994). Reference to movement in spoken and signed languages: Typological consderations. In Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. For Tzeltal: Working Papers of the Cognitive Anthropology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, PB 310, NL-6500 AH Nijmegen, Netherlands: 1. Stephen C. Levinson: Relativity in spatial conception and description 6. Penelope Brown: Spatial conceptualization in Tzeltal. 12. Stephen C. Levinson: Vision,, shape and linguistic description: Tzeltal body-part terminology and object description. Levinson, S. C. (in press). Vision, shape and linguistic description: Tzeltal body-part terminology and object-description. In J. Haviland & S. Levinson (Eds.), Space in Mayan Languages. Special issue of _Linguistics_. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-656. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-657. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 146 Subject: 5.657 Qs: Verb gender, Hypertext, Borrowing, Javanese font Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 5 Jun 94 16:43:12 EDT From: Elliott Moreton Subject: Query: "Verb gender"? 2) Date: Fri, 3 Jun 1994 10:28:01 -0400 (EDT) From: Patrizia Magni Subject: Hypertext and lg learning 3) Date: Mon, 06 Jun 1994 15:32:32 +0200 From: a.l.graedler@iba.uio.no (Anne-Line Graedler) Subject: Borrowing and lang. contact 4) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 1994 11:20:41 EDT From: soemarmo@ouvaxa.cats.ohiou.edu Subject: Javanese Font -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 5 Jun 94 16:43:12 EDT From: Elliott Moreton Subject: Query: "Verb gender"? Lots of languages have some sort of noun gender system in which each noun belongs to one of a small number of classes, such that other sentence elements (pronouns, adjectives, verbs, etc. -- even complementizers!) must "agree" morphologically with the noun when they stand in certain structural or grammatical relations to it. (See Corbett's _Gender_ in the Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics series for more facts than you can shake a stick at.) Does something analogous exist for verbs? In other words, is there a language that divides all its verbs up into classes, such that a verb's class membership shows up morphologically on, say, its noun arguments, or its complementizer? Reply by email to elliott@psyche.mit.edu; I will post a summary. Thanks, Elliott Moreton -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 3 Jun 1994 10:28:01 -0400 (EDT) From: Patrizia Magni Subject: Hypertext and lg learning I'm looking for a list of projects( names , contacts, universities etc) that are about developing Hypertext/hypermedia environments for foreign language and ESL learning . Can somebody help me? ^^^ o o \-/ Patrizia Magni > PM54@columbia.edu Applied Linguistics, Box 66 Teachers College, Columbia University New York, NY 10027 > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 06 Jun 1994 15:32:32 +0200 From: a.l.graedler@iba.uio.no (Anne-Line Graedler) Subject: Borrowing and lang. contact Hello, I am working on a dissertation on English borrowed material in Norwegian, with the working title "Morphological, Semantic and Functional Aspects of English Loanwords in Norwegian". As I am planning a trip to the U.S. this summer or fall, I would be interested in getting in touch with people working with related topics at U.S. universities. I am especially interested in any relevant conferences, seminars, workshops, etc. to be held in the period July to December 1994. Anne-Line Graedler -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 1994 11:20:41 EDT From: soemarmo@ouvaxa.cats.ohiou.edu Subject: Javanese Font Ohio University Electronic Communication Date: 07-Jun-1994 11:11am EST To: Remote Addressee ( _mx%"linguist@tamvm1.tamu.edu" ) From: Marmo Soemarmo Dept: Linguistics SOEMARMO Tel No: (614) 593-4564 Subject: Javanese Font Hi, I got hold of a Javanese font for Mac. I understand somebody at Cornell developed it. I am developing a software to learn Javanese writing and want to use this font, but I could not find the author. I need to know if it is a freeware or if I need to pay royalty. Can anybody help? Thanks. FYI - I have been working on the decsription of Javanese language in a multimedia format, as part of my Preservation of Indonesian Languages project. The Learning Javanese Script and CALL of Javanese are some of the components of this Javanese description. Have a good summer! Marmo Received: 07-Jun-1994 11:20am -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-657. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-658. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 169 Subject: 5.658 Confs: Langues et Grammaire, Lang in Ireland, Athabaskan Lang Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 2 Jun 94 18:38:36 +0200 From: sdl@univ-paris8.fr Subject: Langues et Grammaire Conf. Practical Information 2) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 10:50 BST From: FEBH23@ujvax.ulst.ac.uk Subject: Language in Ireland Conference 3) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 11:07:13 -0700 From: Bill Poser Subject: Athabaskan Languages Conference Final Program -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 2 Jun 94 18:38:36 +0200 From: sdl@univ-paris8.fr Subject: Langues et Grammaire Conf. Practical Information Dear Colleagues, Here is some practical information about the conference. The Conference will be held at the University of Paris 8 at Saint Denis Acces: From Paris Metro line 13, direction SAINT DENIS BASILIQUE station SAINT DENIS BASILIQUE, then Bus No 255 stop Universite Paris-8. Accomodation : two Hotels near the University have set aside a block of rooms each: Hotel Campanile : Tel. +33+1+48.20.29.88 Fax +33+1+48.20.11.04 single room 372 FrF including Breakfast Double room 200 per person/night including Breakfast. Hotel Fimotel : Tel : +33+1+48.09.48.10 Fax : +33+1+48.09.85.14 Single room 330 FrF Double room (Twin beds) : 380 FrF To make a reservation : contact directly the hotels BEFORE JUNE 10. Registration Fees : 150FrF (+50 FRF For the proceedings, (optional)) Students 100 FrF (+50 FrF for the Proceedings, (optional)). For more information contact us at sdl@univ-paris8.fr. Information will also be sent out by regular mail. HOPE TO SEE YOU IN JUNE Georges Tsoulas Lea Nash. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 10:50 BST From: FEBH23@ujvax.ulst.ac.uk Subject: Language in Ireland Conference "International Conference on Language in Ireland, 22-25 June 1994" To be held at University of Ulster at Jordanstown. Keynote Speakers: Ken Hale (MIT), James McCloskey (UCSC), John Harris (UCL) Prospective delegates are urged to send in their booking forms as soon as possible. Anyone who has not received information, and requires details of booking, please e-mail to this address or fax +44 232 362806, mark "attn Dr M Ball, Dept Communication). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 11:07:13 -0700 From: Bill Poser Subject: Athabaskan Languages Conference Final Program Here is the final program for the Athabaskan Languages Conference to be held shortly in Stoney Creek, British Columbia. Thursday, June 16, 1994 10:00 a.m. Registration 10:45 Welcome 11:00-11:30 Mary Ann Willie, University of New Mexico and Eloise Jelinek, University of Arizona "Subjects in Navajo 'Psych' Verbs" 11:30-12:00 Elder - Mary John 12:00-1:30 Lunch Slide Presentation - Chunlac Village Massacre - George LaBrash 1:30-2:00 Ferninand deHaan, University of New Mexico "Negation and Scope in OV Languages: Evidence from Navajo" 2:00-2:30 Elder-Sophie Thomas 2:30-3:00 Alice Taff, University of Washington "Deg Xinag Verbs: Hypercard Language Learning Project" 3:00-3:30 Elder-Madeline Johnny 3:30-4:00 Leslie Saxon and Jacqueline deBruin, University of Victoria "Dogrib First Person dual Subject Inflection" 4:30-5:00 Elder-Alex Johnny 5:00-6:30 Dinner 6:30-7:00 Stoney Creek Dancers Friday, June 17, 1994 9:30-10:00 A.M. James Kari, Asaska Native Language Centre "Local vs. Regional Place Naming-Conventions in Athabaskan Languages" 10:00-10:30 Elder-Scott Antoine 10:30-11:00 Sharon Hargus, University of Washington "D-Classifiers in Witsusit'en" 11:00-11:30 Elder-Francisca Antoine 11:30-12:00 Bill Poser, Stanford University "The Latin Hymns in the Carrier Prayer Book" 12:00-12:30 Chris Gunlogson, University of Washington "A Comparative Look at Agreement in Athabaskan Language" 12:30-2:00 Lunch Jim Wilson - Software Demonstration 2:00-2:30 Elder 2:30-3:00 ? 3:00-3:30 Elder 3:30-4:00 Dagmar Jung, University of New Mexico "Functions of the Nominalizer -i in Jicarilla Apache" 4:00-4:30 Siri G. Tuttle, University of Washington "metrical Evidence for the Full-reduced Vowel Distinction in Galice Athabaskan" 4:30-5:30 Travel to Fort St. James 5:30-7:00 Supper 7:00-9:00 Tour of Fort St. James Historical Site For more information on housing etc., contact Alison McDonald (604)960-5517 or Marlene Erickson at (604)562-2131, extension 460. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-658. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-659. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 93 Subject: 5.659 Qs: Vowel shift, Mac software, Aussie ling, Sulawesi Indonesia Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 14:37:13 +0200 (SAST) From: Roy Dace Subject: Great Vowel Shift & South African English 2) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 1994 12:17:55 -0400 (EDT) From: Roadkill on the information superhighway Subject: Query: Mac software for helping kids learn Russian 3) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 12:31:16 EDT From: Alicia B Cipria Subject: linguistics in australia 4) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 13:14:27 EDT From: Dan Finer -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 14:37:13 +0200 (SAST) From: Roy Dace Subject: Great Vowel Shift & South African English South African English (or at least some varieties of it) seems to be undergoing a process very like the Great Vowel Shift. Are there any other dialects in which this process seems to be repeating itself? I would be grateful for information (and particularly for any references). I believe that something similar is happening, or has happened, in New Zealand English, but I can only find one reference to it - by Roger Lass. Roy Dace -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 1994 12:17:55 -0400 (EDT) From: Roadkill on the information superhighway Subject: Query: Mac software for helping kids learn Russian Does anyone know of Mac software for helping children (or adults) learn Russian? Fonts are not a problem. I'll be glad to post a summary if there is interest. Susan Fischer -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 12:31:16 EDT From: Alicia B Cipria Subject: linguistics in australia Hi. Could anyone tell me if there is any info. available on-line for job opportunities in spanish linguistics/linguistics/spanish at Australian universities? If not, what's a good place to find out? Thanks. Alicia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 13:14:27 EDT From: Dan Finer Can anyone out there point me toward literature on the verbal morphology of some of the languages of South Sulawesi Indonesia, in particular Bugis, Makassar, or Toraja? I'm particularly interested in information on interactions between the agreement systems and topic/focus constructions. Also, does anyone know the current whereabouts of Barbara Friberg, and if so, does she have an e-mail address? Thanks. Dan Finer Dept of Linguistics SUNY-Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794-4376 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-659. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-660. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 190 Subject: 5.660 Calls: J/K Conference, Theory and Computing Culture, GURT 95 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 03 Jun 94 21:18 PDT From: Shoichi Iwasaki (310) 206-9289 Subject: J/K Conference 2) Date: Wed, 8 JUN 94 11:42:31 BST From: N.Heather@rhbnc.ac.uk 3) Date: Mon, 06 Jun 1994 16:31:14 -0400 (EDT) From: "D.Eric Holt" Subject: First Call For Abstracts for Spanish Lx Presession to GURT 95 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 03 Jun 94 21:18 PDT From: Shoichi Iwasaki (310) 206-9289 Subject: J/K Conference CALL FOR PAPERS The Fifth Japanese/Korean Linguistics Conference UCLA November 4-6, 1994 Deadline for Submission of Abstracts: July 31, 1994 Keynote Speakers Professor Mamoru Saito (University of Connecticut) Professor Ho-Min Sohn (University of Hawaii) Special Session: Contrastive Study of Japanese and Korean This year the conference committee again encourages presentations which take both languages into the domain of investigation and will set aside special slots for such comparative research. This conference aims to provide a forum for presenting research in Japanese and Korean linguistics, thereby facilitating efforts to deepen our understanding of these two languages which have striking typological similarities. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology, pragmatics, historical linguistics, typology, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, language acquisition, and discourse. Presentations are 20 minutes long, and will be followed by a 10 minute question/answer period. Abstract submissions should be sent to one of the addresses below by July 31, 1994. The abstract should include: 1. Seven (7) copies of a one-page abstract (no more than 500 words) with a title; Omit your name and affiliation from the abstract. The one-page (500 word) limit should be strictly observed; a second page may be used only for data and citing references. 2. A 3" by 5" card with the title of the paper, the name of the author(s), the mailing address of the author, and the author(s) affiliation, phone number and e-mail address. If your address, phone number and e-mail address will be different during the summer, be sure to include it as well. 3. A self-addressed, stamped postcard if you wish to be notified whether your abstract has been received. (A Very Good Idea!!) Mailing Address Syntax, Formal Semantics, Phonology, andMorphology Anoop Mahajan J/K CONFERENCE Dept. of Linguistics UCLA 405 Hilgard Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90024 Discourse/Functional linguistics oriented topics Akatsuka/Iwasaki/Sohn J/K CONFERENCE Dept. of East Asian Lgs. & Cultures UCLA 405 Hilgard Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90024 The proceedings of this conference will be published as Japanese/Korean Linguistics vol. 5 by CSLI (The Center for the Study of Language and Information). The proceedings of the pervious conferences can be ordered either directly from the University of Chicago Press, or through a local bookstore. UCP's address: 11030 S. Langley Ave., Chicago, IL 60628. Orders may also be placed by phone at 800-621-2736. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 8 JUN 94 11:42:31 BST From: N.Heather@rhbnc.ac.uk Conference on 'Theory and Computing Culture' A number of colleagues and I are organizing a one-day conference on 'Theory and Computing Culture' to take place on 13 January 1995 at the Centre for English Studies in London. We would be interested in hearing from potential contributors interested in relationships between (mainly) literary theory and current and emerging technologies. Noel Heather Lecturer in Arts Computing Dept.of English University of London Egham UK E-mail: n.heather@rhbnc.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 06 Jun 1994 16:31:14 -0400 (EDT) From: "D.Eric Holt" Subject: First Call For Abstracts for Spanish Lx Presession to GURT 95 ****************************************************************************** FIRST CALL FOR ABSTRACTS SECOND PRESESSION ON SPANISH LINGUISTICS Georgetown University Round Table 1995 Georgetown University March 6-7, 1995 sponsored by the Georgetown University Spanish Department and the Spanish Department Graduate Student Organization (SDGSO), and organized by Hector Campos, Norma G. Catalan and Eric Holt. Abstracts are invited for 20 minute talks in all areas of Spanish Linguistics (History/Dialectology, Phonology, Syntax/Semantics, Applied, Sociolinguistics, etc.) Submissions are encouraged by e-mail. Also send one anonymous and one camara ready copy of a one-page abstract with one-inch margins with name and affiliation to Hector Campos, Norma G. Catalan and Eric Holt Presession organizers Spanish Department, ICC 4th Floor Georgetown University Washington, DC 20057 Also include an index card with your name, affiliation, title of paper, address, phone number and e-mail address. The final conference program and abstracts will be in hypertext form accessible online through the World Wide Web, as well as from an ftp site. Later postings will include more information and a preliminary program. For questions or more information, please contact the organizers at the above US mail address, or at the Spanish Department at (202) 687-6134, or at the following e-mail addresses: catalann@guvax.goergetown.edu (Over the Summer this is the best address) holtd@guvax.georgetown.edu hcampos@guvax.georgetown.edu Please forward this announcement to anyone who might be interested. Thanks! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-660. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-661. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 165 Subject: 5.661 Confs: MALC Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 11:13:33 CDT From: Frances Ingemann Subject: MALC -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 11:13:33 CDT From: Frances Ingemann Subject: MALC Attention Africanists: You may not have received this announcement by mail. Please note that the Mid-America Linguistics Conference will have special sections on African languages, African American English, and creoles used by people of African descent. The plenary address will be by Salikoko Mufwene (University of Chicago), "On the genesis of African-American English, Caribbean English Creoles, and their North American Kin." MID-AMERICA LINGUISTICS CONFERENCE October 14-15, 1994 The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas The 1994 Mid-America Linguistics Conference will continue its 29-year tradition of accepting papers on all linguistic topics. The plenary speaker will be Stephen Anderson, Johns Hopkins University. This year there will be two special interest parallel sessions: - In conjunction with the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Department of African and African-American Studies at the University of Kansas, sessions are planned on African languages, African- American English, and creoles used by people of African descent. - Parallel sessions on Muskogean, Caddoan, and other southeast Indian languages will also be held in recognition of the long-standing interest in Native American languages at the University of Kansas. Contributed papers will be allowed a maximum of 20 minutes for presentation. Papers presented at the conference will be published in the conference proceedings. Instructions for the preparation of manuscripts will be sent along with notification of acceptance. Abstracts are to be submitted in both a short and long version. The short abstract is to be prepared for photocopy reproduction in the meeting handbook. It must fit within a space 6.5" wide and 3" high. If you use proportional spacing, the font must be no smaller than 12 point. If you use fixed spacing, there should be no more than 12 characters per inch. On the same page, give your name and affiliation as you wish it to appear in the program. Also include your mailing address, telephone number, fax number and E-mail address where applicable. Each session room will be equipped with a chalkboard, an overhead projector, and a projection screen. If you need other audio/visual equipment, please request it when you submit your abstract. The deadline for submission of abstracts is Monday, August 29,1994. If you need earlier notification of acceptance in order to apply for travel funds, please indicate that at the time that you submit your abstract. E-mail submissions will not be accepted. Faxed submissions to meet the deadline must be followed immediately by mailed abstracts on regular paper. Mail abstracts to the MALC Program Committee at the Linguistics Department address given below. For additional information about program content, contact: Frances Ingemann, The University of Kansas, Linguistics Department, Lawrence, KS 66045 Telephone: (913) 864 3450 Fax: (913)864-5208 E-mail: fing@ukanvm.bitnet or fing@ukanvm.cc.ukans.edu Published proceedings of the conference will be available; ordering information will be provided in September. Refunds/Cancellation. A full refund of registration fees will be available if requested in writing and received by October 1,1994. No refunds will be made after October 1, 1994. The conference will be held in the Kansas Union (13th Street and Jayhawk Blvd.), The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. Lawrence is located on I-70 about 45 miles west of Kansas City. Lawrence is served by shuttle van from the Kansas City International Airport. A-1 City Cab, Lawrence, offers shuttle van service daily from the airport to Lawrence. The price is $37/person, round trip, or $35/student. Reservations must be made at least 24 hours in advance by calling (913) 842-2432. Rental cars, taxis, and a campus bus service are available in Lawrence. Campus visitors may park at metered spaces; parking permits also are available. Please indicate your need for a parking permit on the registration form. Permits will be mailed, if requests are made by October 1, or will be available at the conference registration desk in the Kansas Union. A block of rooms has been reserved for conference participants at the Day's Inn, 2309 Iowa St., Lawrence, KS 66046 (913) 843-9100. Conference participants should make reservations directly with the motel before September 23, 1994. A list of other Lawrence motels is available on request from the KU Division of Continuing Education. Deadlines: Submission of Abstracts Aug. 29,1994 Early Registration Sept. 15,1994 Motel Reservations Sept. 23,1994 The University of Kansas is committed to providing programs and activities to all persons, regardless of race, religion, color, sex, disability, national origin, ancestry, sexual orientation, marital or parental status and, to the extent covered by law, age or veteran status. We accommodate persons with disabilities. Please call (913) 864-3284 or mark the space indicated on the registration form and a Continuing Education representative will contact you to discuss your needs. In order to assure accommodation, please register at least two weeks before the start of the conference, or earlier if possible. ****************************************************************************** REGISTRATION FORM Mid-America Linguistics Conference Oct. 14-15, 1994 AA52020 Please register by October 1, 1994. By Mail: The University of Kansas, Cathy Dwigans- MALC, Division of Continuing Education, Continuing Education Building, Lawrence, KS 66045-2607 By Telephone: (913) 864-3284 By Fax: (913) 864-5074 Name______________________________________________________ Telephone __________________________ Address_____________________________________________________ City_________________________ State______ Zip________________ Registration Fee O $20 before 9/15/94 O S17 Student, after 9/15 O $22 after 9/15/94 O $15 Student, before 9/15 O $2 Visitor Parking Permit for Fri., Oct 14 Total Enclosed____________________ O Check payable to the University of Kansas O VISA O Master Card Expires_________________ Card number________________________________________ If you will need special accommodations, please mark the space below and you will be contacted personally by a member of the continuing education staff. O Information on an optional evening meal on Fri., Oct. 14 will be sent in September to registered participants. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-661. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-662. Wed 08 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 103 Subject: 5.662 FYI: Discourse List, Fonts, Dictionary of American Slang Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 14:23:19 -0600 (MDT) From: Elyse Abraham Subject: Info on a Discourse List 2) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 10:40:25 CST From: "T. J. Ray" Subject: Re: 5.620 FYI: Fonts 3) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 1994 16:47:36 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bethany Dumas, UTK" Subject: Dictionary of American Slang -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 14:23:19 -0600 (MDT) From: Elyse Abraham Subject: Info on a Discourse List A few days ago Adam Karpinski posted a query asking if there was a discussion list for discourse related issues. I've responded privately to Adam, but I think I will also post the information here for anyone else interested in discourse. There is a listserver called Comserve that handles several communication related lists. Comserve works slightly differently from other listservers. To get info on how to subscribe (and details on comserve and the lists available, etc., etc.) send the message: show hotlines to: comserve@vm.its.rpi.edu The discourse list is called Ethno. It's "for discussion of issues in ethnomethodology, conversation and discourse analysis, etc.". As far as I know this is the *only* discourse list on the internet. If you know of any others perhaps you could post the information. :> Best regards, Elyse Elyse K. Abraham Dept. of Linguistics University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta Canada -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 10:40:25 CST From: "T. J. Ray" Subject: Re: 5.620 FYI: Fonts A former student of mine has developed his own set of fonts for the Macintosh. With these fonts the user can type any Indo-European language and several othe rs, including Vietnamese. The name of the font is MultiKeys. The creator is D avis Borwn BROWN. His address is 619 Van Buren Avenue, Oxford, Mississippi 386 55. Phone: 601-234-1359. This is a very exciting program that should elimaint e the need for more than one font for IE work. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | T. J. Ray Dept. of English | | Bitnet: EGRAY@UMSVM.BITNET University of Mississippi | | Internet: EGRAY@vm.cc.olemiss.edu Bishop Hall-Room 323 | | AppleLink: RAY.T@applelink.apple.com University, MS 38677 | | America OL: ENGDEPT Phone: (601) 232-7678 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 1994 16:47:36 -0400 (EDT) From: "Bethany Dumas, UTK" Subject: Dictionary of American Slang I now have details of the publication of the first volume of Jon Lighter's dictionary of American slang on historical principles. The official date of publication is June 17. The title is "The Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang," ed. J. E. Lighter. I saw an unbound copy of page proofs with cover, and John Fisher says he has seen the complete volume. It's very impressive. (Tom Clark, I lost your e-mail adr. Sorry.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-662. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-663. Thu 09 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 124 Subject: 5.663 Qs: Paperbacks, Parallel translations, Turn, Deontic modality Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 19:21:23 +0930 From: Penny Lee Subject: Paperbacks and hardcovers 2) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 17:13:18 +0100 (WET) From: Marion GUNN Subject: Parallel translations: ordering of adjectives 3) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 94 17:47:04 +0200 From: flingz6@emducms1.sis.ucm.es (Enrique L. Palancar Vizcaya) Subject: Turn as Becoming 4) From: aip@uwasa.fi (Aila Pesonen) Subject: Deontic modality in ordinary language Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 12:57:25 +0300 (EET DST) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 19:21:23 +0930 From: Penny Lee Subject: Paperbacks and hardcovers When I was quite a bit younger than am now I held the belief that 'good' books were books which the publisher had seen fit to publish in hardcover format. Since paperbacks were just 'cheap' books, it followed that one couldn't expect a 'decent' academic book to be published in anything except hard covers. What is the current situation in the field of linguistics? Are libraries still automatically buying hardcover versions of books which come out? Is there any point in having particularly esoteric books which are never likely to be read (or more importantly, bought) by more than a few people, published in hard covers? Is there, for that matter, any point in having books which are likely to be popular published in hard covers? Will the academic book industry be affected by electronic publishing trends? If so, when and how? Penny Lee School of Education, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001. AUSTRALIA. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 07 Jun 94 17:13:18 +0100 (WET) From: Marion GUNN Subject: Parallel translations: ordering of adjectives On translation from Gaelic to English, phrases such as "fia-mhadra mo/r allta" and "gasu/r beag mu/inte" come across something like "big bad wolf" and "good little boy". Can anyone explain why fluent English speakers feel uncomfortable if the order of adjectives in either of these examples is reversed to fit a more "logical" pattern, and supply further examples of adjectival ordering, where parallel machine translation could be affected? Please reply to address below, rather than to the list. If anything worth sharing emerges, I'll summarize the results. Marion Gunn MGUNN@IRLEARN.UCD.IE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 94 17:47:04 +0200 From: flingz6@emducms1.sis.ucm.es (Enrique L. Palancar Vizcaya) Subject: Turn as Becoming I am a graduate student from Madrid, Spain, who is doing a research on how verbs of circular spatial movement have a metaphorical extension to express processes of change in general. ModE. Spatial "turn" -- She turned to see who was behind her Metaphorical "turn" -- the boy turned pale. It turned into another thing. I would be very grateful if you could give some information about any other languages you may know or speak which may present the same uses as English "turn". I thank you very much Enrique Palancar email : flingz6@emducms1.sis.ucm.es -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) From: aip@uwasa.fi (Aila Pesonen) Subject: Deontic modality in ordinary language Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 12:57:25 +0300 (EET DST) Hello! Is there anybody out there doing research on deontic modality in legal texts? I am interested in deontic modality in Russian texts, and I would be thankful for some references concerning this subject. Aila -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-663. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-664. Thu 09 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 236 Subject: 5.664 Confs: COGNITIVE & LING UNIVERSALS, ALI-94, NEGATION & POLARITY Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 94 17:07:15 EDT From: "Rick Lewis" Subject: Mini-conference at Princeton, June 17-18 2) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 10:56:08 +1000 From: Australian Linguistic Institute - 1994 Subject: Please post on LINGUIST 3) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 12:02:34 +0200 (METDST) From: Jacob Hoeksema Subject: workshop announcement -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 94 17:07:15 EDT From: "Rick Lewis" Subject: Mini-conference at Princeton, June 17-18 Dear Colleagues: On June 17-18, 1994, the Human Information Processing Group and the Cognitive Science Laboratory at Princeton University, through the support of the McDonnell Foundation, are sponsoring a workshop/mini-conference entitled "Cognitive and Linguistic Universals: Computational Perspectives on Learning and Processing." The public is cordially invited; there will be no registration fee and all interested persons are welcome to join in the discussions. All talks will be held in McCormick Hall 106 (same entrance as the Princeton University Art Museum, near the center of campus). Hope to see you there! ============================================================================= COGNITIVE and LINGUISTIC UNIVERSALS: COMPUTATIONAL PERSPECTIVES on LEARNING and PROCESSING A mini-conference supported by the McDonnell Foundation Princeton University 106 McCormick Hall June 17-18, 1994 ============================================================================= Friday, June 17 1:30p Welcome and introduction ============================================================================= Learning I 1:45 Robin Clark "Descriptive complexity and the theory of parameters" (Penn) 2:35 Rolf Noyer "Unlearnable or ungrammatical? Paradigm structure (Princeton) constraints and morphological hypothesis spaces" 3:25 BREAK ============================================================================= Learning II 3:45 Geoff Towell "Learning contextual representations for word sense (Siemens & disambiguation" Princeton) 4:35 Eric Ristad "A universal model of handwriting" (Princeton) ================================================================================ Saturday, June 18 8:30a Continental breakfast ============================================================================= Processing I 9:00 Ted Gibson "Principles of language processing: Recency (MIT) preference and predicate proximity 9:50 Ed Stabler "Parsing for incremental interpretation" (UCLA) 10:40 BREAK 11:00 Mark Johnson "The use of knowledge of language" (Brown) 11:50 BREAK for lunch ============================================================================= Processing II 1:45 Rick Lewis "A theory of grammatical but unacceptable embeddings" (Princeton) 2:35 Karin Stromswold "A neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic investigation (Rutgers) of relative clauses" 3:25 Open discussion -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 10:56:08 +1000 From: Australian Linguistic Institute - 1994 Subject: Please post on LINGUIST AUSTRALIAN LINGUISTIC INSTITUTE ALI-94 LA TROBE UNIVERSITY MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA 4th - 14th July 1994 La Trobe University is hosting the second Australian Linguistic Institute (ALI-94) from July 4-14, 1994. ALI provides a venue in Australia for internationally renowned local and overseas scholars to present their latest research findings. There will be 36 courses (ranging from introductory to advanced level), 7 workshops and 3 plenary sessions, involving 60 presenters. Courses cover a wide range of topics, including Australian Aboriginal languages, American Indian languages, Sino-Tibetan linguistics, Australian Sign Language, Phonology, Sociolinguistics, Semantics, Syntax, Psycholinguistics, Systemic-Functional linguistics, Translation and interpreting, Language planning, Cross-cultural pragmatics, Computational linguistics, Pidgins and creoles, Second language acquisition. Overseas presenters include: Jean Aitchison, Ken Hale, Bernd Heine, Stephen Bird, Maria Bittner, Melissa Bowerman, Joan Bybee, Greville Corbett, Penny Eckert, Patsy Lighbown, Michael Long, James Matisoff, Marianne Mithun, Ivan Sag, Matt Shibatani, Richard Sproat, Elizabeth Traugott, and Nigel Vincent. For application details and further information contact: Peter Austin, Director ALI-94, School of Linguistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora. Vic 3083. Australia. Phone: +61-3-479 2338; Fax: +61-3-478 5814; E-mail: LINALI@LURE.LATROBE.EDU.AU. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 12:02:34 +0200 (METDST) From: Jacob Hoeksema Subject: workshop announcement I'd like to announce to the LINGUIST-subscribers the following workshop program. For further information, contact hoeksema@let.rug.nl. --Jack Hoeksema University of Groningen PIONIER COLLLOQUIUM ON NEGATION AND POLARITY SPONSORED BY THE NWO PIONIER PROJECT 'REFLECTIONS OF LOGICAL PATTERNS IN LANGUAGE STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE USE' UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, 21-22 JUNE 1994 Tuesday, 21 June 10.00-10.45 Lucia Tovena (Edinburgh), `Negation and Ordering Relations: The Case of _Until_' 10.45-11.30 Joao Peres (Lisbon), `Negative concord, with a particular focus on (partially) bounded licensing' coffee break 11.45-12.30 Enric Vallduvi (Edinburgh), `Minimizers, negative concord, and negative polarity' lunch 14.00-14.45 Jay Atlas (Pomona), `Atlas Kids You Not: Neither Do I: Some Remarks about Fred Sommers's Term Logic and Larry Horn's Extended Term Logic' 14.45-15.30 Larry Horn (Yale), `ONLY and Negation: A Silver Anniversary Retrospective' tea break 16.00-16.45 Victor Sanchez Valencia (Groningen), `On predicates that license polarity items' 16.45-17.30 David Dowty (Ohio State), `Do Negative Polarity/Concord Serve as Explicit Indicators for Downward Monotone Inferences in a "Natural Logic"'? Wednesday, 22 June 9.15-10.00 Wojciech Buszkowski (Poznan), `Grammatical consequence' 10.00-10.45 Jack Hoeksema & Henny Klein (Groningen), `Negative predicates and their arguments' coffee break 11.00-11.45 Henk Verkuyl (Utrecht), `Negation, Distributivity, Collectivity' 11.45-12.30 Wim Klooster (Amsterdam), `Syntactic differentiation and polarity licensing' lunch 14.00-14.45 Bill Ladusaw (Santa Cruz), `Negative Concord: Categorical or Thetic?' 14.45-15.30 Hotze Rullmann (Groningen), `Negative nonislands' tea break 16.00-16.45 Frans Zwarts (Groningen), `Nonveridical contexts' 16.45-17.30 Pieter Seuren (Nijmegen), `How to say "no" in language' -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-664. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-665. Thu 09 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 235 Subject: 5.665 The popularization of linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 00:53:40 +0800 (WST) From: h9290030@hkusub.hku.hk (R.Y.L. TANG) Subject: Re: 5.588 Linguistics and popular publications (re-sent) 2) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 09:00:07 +0800 (SST) From: Anthea F Gupta Subject: The popularization of linguistics 3) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 13:33:48 -0400 (ADT) From: Logical Language Group Subject: Re: 5.646 The popularization of linguistics 4) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 08:52:20 EST From: "George Fowler h(317)726-1482 o(812)855-2829" Subject: Popularization of linguistics: one pet peeve 5) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 17:27:39 -0700 (PDT) From: JFLEVIN@UCRAC1.UCR.EDU Subject: RE: 5.635 Linguistics and popular publications -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 00:53:40 +0800 (WST) From: h9290030@hkusub.hku.hk (R.Y.L. TANG) Subject: Re: 5.588 Linguistics and popular publications (re-sent) > > Date: Wed, 25 May 94 16:14 PDT > > From: benji wald > > Subject: Re: 5.603 The treatment of language in popular publications > > > > If you want to solve the misperception/ignorance of linguistics (and language) > > problem write COMPREHENSIBLE popular books. If you only have time for > > > [stuff deleted] > > disdains the desire to talk to the public (or is it an insecurity?), so > > that one who writes for a "popular" audience could fear being looked down > > upon and not taken seriously by colleagues. It's more complicated than that, > > but I don't want to go on at length here. I'd like to know > > whether and where this perception comes from, and/or if anyone agrees. My > > feeling is that linguists who don't want to "waste their time" talking to > > outsiders, shouldn't waste their time fretting over what outsiders think. > > Benji > > > dear Benji, > > Yes, I have this fear of {eing 'not serious enough' from the viewpoint of academic linguistics when writing my articles on English for a daily newspaper column.I do want to make my column look different from other similar ones on English byHong Kong Chine> se writers, and so I import concepts from linguistics in order topopularize those useful to L2 learners of English and the general public. Actually, many columnists often use semi-jargon from linguistics without explaining them in their articles (e.g. 'pi> an4yu3', = phrase/collocation, 'xiu1ci2', = rhetoric/stylistics). This will probably pose difficulties to the general reader (although s/he is not interested in the semi-jargon *themselves; they are most interested in the use of English *words*). Part of > my task is just to explain th > those semi-technical terms in my articles, apart from talking about popular topics on pronunciation, grammar and words, as most columnists do. > > And I won't forget those painful times when I had to look up bits and pieces of grammar in linguistics books in order to disseminate a 'professional' and 'correct' understanding of those technical notions to the public... Well, I could haveslacked on all > these but... I believe that it will be a most meritorious thing for a linguist to open up his/her world to the reader in a contributory way without losing the academic rigour s/he is *expected* to have. > > Best regards, > > Raymond Y.L. Tang > Dept. of English > University of Hong Kong > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 09:00:07 +0800 (SST) From: Anthea F Gupta Subject: The popularization of linguistics Celso Alvarez Caccamo drew attention to our inability to correct simple misconceptions about language, Dick Hudson called for linguistics to be taught in schools, and Paul T Kershaw asked why the Appeal to Authority doesn't work for linguists. It seems to me that the issue of authority is central in the debate, as there are competing authorities. Linguists were one of the groups recently castigated by the Prince of Wales for not understanding that there was right and wrong in grammar -- the social need to impose a spurious morality on language is a greater imperative than the granting of authority to linguists. Few people are ready to accept that correctness in language is comparable to correctness in dress or table manners. At best descriptive linguists seem amoral and at worst (sociolinguists) they seem to be promoting anarchy or revolution. So we are faced with popularizing and gaining Authority for a discipline whose central tenets are *anti-authoritarian*. Anthea Fraser GUPTA National University of Singapore -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 13:33:48 -0400 (ADT) From: Logical Language Group Subject: Re: 5.646 The popularization of linguistics Paul Kershaw writes: > An important distinction was made by another poster -- the linguist's > views are, in general, minority views. We are fighting against an > ethnocentric worldview which is reinforced (not always deliberately) > by the public education system. Prescriptivism has its strong points; > like it or not, in order to do business, there is an acceptable style > of speech which should be mastered. This is societal nonsense, to be > sure, just as much as hairlength and clothing is societal nonsense, > but it will only change when enough laypeople go out on a limb and > risk social acceptance in order to be themselves. So, for now, SAE > is taught in the schools, but doing so is NOT the same as saying that > SAE is superior to other dialects of English. But this is a difficult > concept to get across to people, and is also perhaps one of the more > deeply embedded beliefs held by the layperson. The more that they're > exposed to composition course requiring formal SAE, the more the belief > that SAE is "right" is reified, whether or not the teacher says it is. Kershaw here expresses views which I take to be typical of the posters on this thread: a) there exists a false morality (using the word broadly) among the populace which holds that there are better and worse varieties of English; b) linguists have an obligation to employ their special knowledge to overthrow this morality. On what grounds is this view founded? It seems to me that we have here a classic IS-OUGHT confusion. Linguistics claims to be an IS subject, one which describes the social/biological construct called "language" as she is spoke (and, secondarily, as she is written). As such, linguists have learned many facts about language and about particular languages. But in addition, since the days of Bloomfield, linguists-in-general (with exceptions) have carried an ideology as well: the claim that, because every dialect has equal claim to attention by the student of language, that society OUGHT to accept every dialect as socially equal. The characters of Miss Fidditch the schoolmarm, and her younger brother William Fidditch, the language columnist, are used as bogeymen in this propagandizing endeavor. Isn't it possible that there are reasons why SAE, as Kershaw calls the written standard English of the U.S., is superior for purposes of verbal exposition to other dialects of English? These are not linguistic reasons, to be sure, but rather belong to the subject of rhetoric (which I do not use as a term of abuse). As I understand the term, rhetoric addresses itself to the appropriate use of words for achieving specific purposes: to convince, to sway, to entertain, to manipulate, to argue, to threaten, to praise. As such, it has a great deal to say which linguistics-as-such does not address. Rhetoricians are in short supply these days, so perhaps there is an intellectual power vacuum of the kind discussed by Northrop Frye in his "Polemical Intro- duction" to >Anatomy of Criticism<: linguists are moving in, as are other groups. From this point of view, those much-abused courses in "English composition" are actually courses in applied rhetoric -- I myself have had some success presenting their material as such, and I would also point you to (parts of) >Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance<, which concerns itself among other things with rhetoric and (an equally abused and abusive term) Sophism. Furthermore, the existence of standards, and the process whereby something becomes a standard, is itself a fit subject for investigation by students of language, whether they call themselves "linguists" or not. Yet many who do so call themselves act as if the subject matter of part of their discipline has no right to exist, as if physicists were to rule out the study of atomic fission because they did not like its applications. -- John Cowan sharing account for now e'osai ko sarji la lojban. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 94 08:52:20 EST From: "George Fowler h(317)726-1482 o(812)855-2829" Subject: Popularization of linguistics: one pet peeve This thread about the popularization of linguistics recalls to mind one of my pet peeves, which boils down to a popular misunderstanding of a linguistic concept. We've all heard people, in attempting to belittle someone else's arguments about a matter of dispute, say something like, "That's just semantics." Well, hell, semantics is important, while this expression attempts to claim that the statement being disputed isn't meaningful! I suppose what is meant is "that's just nit-picking" or "that's just a question of wording". No doubt this expression can never be uprooted from the language. But it strikes me as symptomatic of why linguistics isn't popular, and unlikely to be widely popularized. George Fowler GFowler@Indiana.Edu [Email] Dept. of Slavic Languages (812) 855-2829 [office] Ballantine 502 (317) 726-1482 [home] Indiana University (812) 855-2624/-2608/-9906 [dept.] Bloomington, IN 47405 USA (812) 855-2107 [dept. fax] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Mon, 6 Jun 1994 17:27:39 -0700 (PDT) From: JFLEVIN@UCRAC1.UCR.EDU Subject: RE: 5.635 Linguistics and popular publications There is at least one country where the local linguists are known and appreciated by the general population, where they write columns for the mass press and are highly respected, and that country is Lithuania. As an American Baltic linguist who was a Fulbright lecturer at Vilnius State University (in Baltic linguistics), I can attest to the much higher prestige and general awareness linguistics and linguists have there. Why? One reason may be that the local linguists do not tell the populace some- thing that is counter-intuitive--that linguistic variations don't matter, that the notion of a "standard language" as opposed to a class or regional marker is merely a reflection of the public's ignorance, and so on. Once I remarked how different it was in Lithuania, where the leading Lithuanian linguists write articles for the press on "standard" usage, helping, as it were, to create a standard language from what was less than 100 years ago a collection of dialects. My colleague explained that of course they were familiar with the notion of "description" as opposed to "prescription" that Western linguists articulated, but that they--Lithuanian linguists--did not have that luxury--their standard language was being formed, and if they did not participate in developing it (and actually they have played the leading role), others, non-linguists, would. We linguists look at language from God's perspective, so to speak, and no doubt God does not take note of our regional, social, class, or ethnic dialect when we pray, but that human interlocutors DO, is a part of ling- uistics that cannot be sneered at, mocked, or ignored. It is a real part of language, and no larger public language columnist will be read who ignores it. Safire [whose last name must be a variant of Sapir!!!] will remain popular because he is filling a real (socio-, or psycho-)linguistic need. --Jules Levin --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-665. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-666. Thu 09 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 121 Subject: 5.666 FYI: LSA Archives, Hypertext paper, Virus Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 08 Jun 1994 10:51:36 -0500 (EST) From: ZZLSA@gallua.gallaudet.edu Subject: LSA Archives 2) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 09:44:44 -0400 From: "Ellen L. Contini-Morava" Subject: hypertext paper on semantics of Swahili noun classes 3) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 11:35:56 -0400 From: leroy@norcross.mcs.slb.com (Erick M. LEROY) Subject: INTERNET VIRUS ALERT! -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 08 Jun 1994 10:51:36 -0500 (EST) From: ZZLSA@gallua.gallaudet.edu Subject: LSA Archives For the past decade, the American Philosophical Society Library has served as the repository of the records of the Linguistic Society of America. Unfortunately, space and staff limitations at APS have necessitated a request that the LSA identify a new repository and move our holdings by year's end. Your suggestion of institutions which might be interested in the Society's archives are most welcome. Please send them to M. Reynolds, zzlsa@gallua.gallaudet.edu. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 09:44:44 -0400 From: "Ellen L. Contini-Morava" Subject: hypertext paper on semantics of Swahili noun classes For those interested in cognitive grammar and/or noun classification, I have a hypertext paper on the semantic structure of noun classes in Swahili on the World Wide Web. It is a preliminary report on an ongoing investigation of noun class and grammatical agreement in Swahili, which has included putting all the nouns from the Standard Swahili-English Dictionary into a database, where they are tagged for a large number of semantic features. The paper includes semantic networks for two of the noun classes (3 and 7). Since the paper contains some graphic images, the best access is via Mosaic or equivalent: URL =http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/home.html; select Publications of the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities.. The paper can also be read from a conventional text-only terminal, including dial-up modems, via gopher: gopher jefferson.village.virginia.edu; select "Lynx session to IATH's web server", then Publications of the I.A.T.H. Further instructions are provided there. Comments are welcome. I would also be interested in knowing about any other hypertext linguistics papers that may be out there. Hypertext is a nuisance to prepare, but it is a useful way of displaying more data than will fit on a conventional page (or screen). Ellen Contini-Morava -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 11:35:56 -0400 From: leroy@norcross.mcs.slb.com (Erick M. LEROY) Subject: INTERNET VIRUS ALERT! I got this virus alert off a French lest. some of you may find it helpful. Dorine Houston ===========================+++++++++++++++++++=========================== | | | DORINE HOUSTON V2188G@TEMPLEVM | | TEMPLE UNIVERSITY V2188G@VM.TEMPLE.EDU | | 1420 LOCUST ST., 17-R (215) 732-0367 | | PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA | ===========================+++++++++++++++++++=========================== ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- VOICI UN E-MAIL QUE JE VIENS DE RECEVOIR QUI PEUT VOUS CONCERNER Forwarded frorm: BRITISH HCI GROUP Via EACE/MCI To all PC users, please be aware of the following... A Virus has been discovered on Internet that is disguised as CD-ROM shareware. Unknown hackers have illegally put the Chinon name on a destructive shareware file and released it on the Internet. This catastrophic virus is named "CD-IT". -- DO NOT DOWNLOAD. IT WILL CORRUPT YOUR HARD DRIVE. The program, allegedly a shareware PC utility that will convert an ordinary CD-ROM drive into a CD-Recordable (CD-R) device, which is technically impossible, instead destroys critical system files on a user's hard drive. The program also immediately crashes the CPU, forces the user to reboot and stays in memory. Widest dissemination is requested. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-666. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-667. Thu 09 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 153 Subject: 5.667 Sum: Singular they, English Morphology Texts Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 9 Jun 1994 10:56:28+1200 From: Kon Kuiper Subject: Summary of discussion on singular they 2) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 94 14:48:06 CST From: chris@udlapvms.pue.udlap.mx (Christopher Hall) Subject: Summary: English Morphology Texts -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 9 Jun 1994 10:56:28+1200 From: Kon Kuiper Subject: Summary of discussion on singular they Thankyou to those people who responded to my query on the use of singular 'they' with gendered antecedents. Here is a summary of the responses: 1. Works referring to singular 'they': Barlow, Michael (1992) A Situated Theory of Agreement. Garland Series of Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics. Bodine, Ann (1975) Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar: he, she, and singular 'they'. Language and society article. Also to be found in Deborah Cameron's book, The Feminist Critique of Language, Routledge, 1990. Corbett, Greville (1993) Gender. CUP. Hook, Donald (1991) Toward an English Epicene Pronoun. IRAL, XXIX/4, pp. 331-339 Lagunoff, Rachel (1992) A description of 'they' as a singular pronoun. Unpublished MA thesis. UCLA. Newman, Michael (1993a) The stubborn problem of pronominal disagreement. Language in Society. (1993b) MA thesis. Ohio State. Available through UMI. Wang, Jenny (1992 or 1993 ?) MA thesis. Contact Prof. Wayne Herbert, Dept. of Modern Languages and Linguistics, Morrill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701. 2. Several respondents mentioned that they used singular 'they' in their academic writing, giving as justification the awkwardness of 's/he', 'he/she', etc. This is an interesting development as singular 'they' is often considered to be unacceptable in formal writing. 3. Most of the examples supplied did not have a gendered antecedent. Two interesting exceptions were: (a) The trouble with a girl like Kathy is that they don't listen. (b) ? I talked to a boy recently. They'd like to meet you. The query judgement was the respondent's, not mine. She noted that the doubt might be due to oddness rather than ungrammaticality per se. I would be very interested in collecting judgements on the two sentences above - so feel free to post your response! 5. College English ran an article that generated several letters. The article was in the September 1993 issue and the responses are in the April 1994 issue. There's no doubt that prescriptivism is alive and well! Just a note concerning my own research: I am currently working on a structural model that will take care of the agreement problem. I am also very interested in attitudes to the agreement problem among academics. Keep me posted, if you would. Thanks heaps. Brenda Zanetti -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 94 14:48:06 CST From: chris@udlapvms.pue.udlap.mx (Christopher Hall) Subject: Summary: English Morphology Texts SUMMARY: ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY TEXTS Thank you to the following who replied to my enquiry about texts on English Morphology for a course for TEFL M.A. students: Nick Reid, Laurie Bauer, Wander Lowie, Mihoko Kubota, Jacob Caflisch, and Mark Sebba. Below I have compiled a list of the texts recommended, with excerpts from respondents' comments. Personally, I would have thought that Lieber's (and probably Scalise's) book would be beyond the beginning applied linguistics students I have in mind. Bauer's book is the one I have been using up until now, and, although rich in data and useful in its discussion, is not very current (as the author admits). Time for a new edition! The other multi-recommended work is Katamba (1993) which I have not yet seen (linguistics books still _dribble_ into Mexico, despite the influence of NAFTA). Bauer, Laurie (1983) _English Word-formation_, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Recommended three times. "Rather out of date; not much about inflection."] Bogdan, Szymanek (1989) _Introduction to Morphological Analysis_, Warsaw. ["Makes comparison with Polish, German, etc."] Carstairs McCarthy, Andrew (1992) _Current Morphology_, London: Routledge. ["Very good."] Katamba, Francis (1993) _Morphology_, London: MacMillan. ISBN: 0-312-10356-5. [Recommended three times. "Fairly traditional but quite complete." " 'Standard' (data in all langs), but it goes into Amorphous morphology and discusses several viewpoints concerning solutions to data."] Katamba, Francis (to appear) _English Words_, London: Routledge. Lieber, Rochelle (1992) _Deconstructing Morphology_, Chicago: Chicago University Press. Lipka, L. (1990) _An Outline of English Lexicology_, Tuebingen: Niemeyer. ["Contains a lot of material on lexical semantics and dictionaries."] Matthews, P. H. (1974) _Morphology_, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ["An old one, but still going strong."] Scalise, Sergio (1984) _Generative Morphology_, Dordrecht: Foris. ["Mainly on English, but includes examples from some other languages."] Sloat, C. and Sh. Taylor (1985) _The Structure of English Words_ (3rd ed.), Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, Inc. ISBN: 0-8403-4316-7. ["A workbook-like format ... very attractive."] Spencer (1991) _Morphological Theory_, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ["Very good (the best?); includes many other languages (simply because English does not happen to be very interesting morphologically speaking)."] Taylor, A. (1989) paper in _Journal of Memory and Language_. !=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=! !=!=!=!=! Dr. Christopher J. Hall !=!=!=! Professor of Linguistics !=!=! !=! Departamento de Lenguas ! Universidad de las Americas, Puebla A.P. 100, Sta. Catarina Martir 72820 Puebla ! Mexico !=! Tel: +52 (22) 29 20 53 !=!=! Tel: +52 (22) 29 26 23 !=!=!=! Fax: +52 (22) 29 20 96 !=!=!=!=! !=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-667. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-668. Thu 09 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 158 Subject: 5.668 Sum: Translation Software for English - Mandarin, Russian, Greek Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 28 May 1994 19:58:18 EDT From: Ellen Ricca Subject: SUMMARY: Translation Software for English <-> Mandarin, Russian, Greek -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 28 May 1994 19:58:18 EDT From: Ellen Ricca Subject: SUMMARY: Translation Software for English <-> Mandarin, Russian, Greek As promised, below is my question and a summary of the responses received. Thanks to Ben Petre, Wenchao Li, Da Jun, and Mark Verhijde. I asked, >Does anyone know of any commercial or free translation >software (for Windows, preferably) that will convert a >document (Word for Windows, preferably) from English to >Mandarin, English to Russian, and English to Greek? >[...] >A second question, assuming the first doesn't pan out: >Does anyone know where I could get a TrueType Mandarin >font and a TrueType Greek font? >I already have one for Cyrillic. >Thanks in advance for any assistance! >Ellen Ricca >=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= >\ Ellen Ricca |"I had no shoes, and I pitied / >/ MCC, I.T. Dept, Lowell MA 01852 | myself. Then I met a man who \ >\ work phone: 508-656-3306 | had no feet, so I took his / >/ e-mail: ricca@admin.mcc.mass.edu | shoes." - Dave Barry \ >=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= The replies: date: Sat, 14 May 1994 11:13:34 AEST+1000 from: Ben Petre If you do find something like this for Greek I'd be VERY surprised (and very interested). TT Greek and Hebrew fonts (with all necessary accents) for MS Windows are contained in the WinGreek program developed by Andrew Fountain (UK) and Peter Gentry (Canada). Below is a copy of the information file "readme.txt" included in the package: ______________________________________________________________________ WinGreek Version 1.9 WinGreek - Greek and Hebrew Package for Windows 3.0 and 3.1 Shareware Package for using Greek and Hebrew in Windows. Includes: -Screen Fonts for Hercules, EGA, VGA & 8514 -Printer fonts for 9-Pin & 24-Pin Printers, HP Desk/LaserJets & Postscript. -Utilities for Entering Accents (European Languages & Greek) and Converting between File Formats (WinGreek <=> CCAT). NEW IN VERSION 1.9 Maintenance Release Fixing Many Minor Bugs. NEW IN VERSION 1.8: New Greek Font and New Versions of Utilities. NEW IN VERSION 1.7: Coptic / Greek / Hebrew TrueType Font for Windows 3.1! TrueType For All Printers Supported by Windows 3.1. If You Receive WinGreek in PKZIP Files, PKUNZIP will produce the following AUTHENTICATION MESSAGE: Authentic files Verified! # EMK287 PETER J GENTRY More info from Peter Gentry at OR ______________________________________________________________________ Regards, Ben Petre (Grad student, Monash Linguistics) ============================================================================ date: Sat, 14 May 1994 09:48:43 +0100 from: wcli@vax.ox.ac.uk Hi Ellen, I think I've come across English - Mandarin translation software someware, although I remember it being somewhat costly. I can look it up for you if you're interested. Also, about Mandarin truetype fonts, you can get them from a number of sources, which again I'll have to look up the addresses for, but off-hand I can remember (1) Ecological linguistics, Washington DC (about $60) (2) Linguists' Software, Seattle (about $60) (3) 4 TT fonts come with Apple's CHinese Language Kit ($180) (4) The company that sells the translation stuff also has a TT font package for about $1000 (one thousand -- not a typing error) (5) Pacific Rim Connections, San Francisco (6) Tseng and Tsui COmpany, Boston (7) Another company in Hong Kong Other people on the net will probably send you the addresses for 1 and 2, but if you need more details do let me know, and I'll look 'em up for you. you can also get Greek TT fonts from Ecological linguistics and Linguists' Software. Wenchao Li Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University =========================================================================== date: Sat, 14 May 1994 15:09:44 -0400 from: Jun Da Hi, there: For commonly used Mandarin fonts, you can ftp cnd.org under the directory /pub/software. You will find many common fonts available for Mandarin processing. As a rule of thumb, you will need Chinese word processors such as Nanji Star to use those fonts. Da Jun Department of Linguistics University of Texas at Austin email: lifq301@orange.cc.utexas.edu or jda@oucsace.cs.ohiou.edu ============================================================================= date: Mon, 16 May 1994 19:27:43 +0000 (GMT) from: Mark.M.Verhyde@let.ruu.nl Dear Ellen Rica, Perhaps you could try to get the pProgram WinGreek (Shareware) with great fonts of Greek, Hebrew and (I believe) Coptic. WinGreek is a windows application and should work fine with Word for Windows 6. Greetings, Mark Verhijde Research Institute for Language and Speech Utrecht, The Netherlands -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-668. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-669. Thu 09 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 101 Subject: 5.669 Qs: Order of conjuncts, MT software, Corpora,"Another one spoon" Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 08 Jun 94 13:32 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Order of conjuncts 2) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 94 12:58:41 BST From: Andy.Way@compapp.dcu.ie Subject: Machine Translation Software 3) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 94 18:30:01 +0200 From: joakim@ling.gu.se (Joakim Nivre) Subject: Q: Old American English corpora 4) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 11:46 EST From: HORNING@argo.acs.oakland.edu Subject: Query: "Another one spoon" -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 08 Jun 94 13:32 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Order of conjuncts Can anybody give me recent references on the order of items in conjunctions like "peanut butter and jelly" (?"jelly and peanut butter")? I have the Cooper and Ross 1975 CLS Functionalism volume paper, but nothing more recent than that. Please reply to me and I'll post a summary. Thanks. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 94 12:58:41 BST From: Andy.Way@compapp.dcu.ie Subject: Machine Translation Software There's been a fair amount of information on this subject in the past, but I think this is a new request: I'm looking for MT s/w for PC's *which can be networked*. I'm well aware of dongle protected packages, but they're not what I'm after. Any help greatly appreciated. Will summarise for the net at a suitable date. Andy Way, School of Computer Applications, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 94 18:30:01 +0200 From: joakim@ling.gu.se (Joakim Nivre) Subject: Q: Old American English corpora Does anyone know of available machine readable corpora of American English from the 18th and 19th century? A student in my department wants to do a historical study of the concepts 'freedom', 'liberty' and 'independence' in American English. Replies can be sent directly to me. I'll post a summary if there is any interest. Joakim Nivre University of Goteborg Department of Linguistics E-mail: joakim@ling.gu.se -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 11:46 EST From: HORNING@argo.acs.oakland.edu Subject: Query: "Another one spoon" I would be grateful to anyone who can give me a print reference to the exchange in the child language acquisition literature that includes the expression "another one spoon" despite correction by a parent. Thanks Alice S. Horning Horning@argo.acs.oakland.edu Department of Linguistics Oakland University Rochester, MI 48309-4401 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-669. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-670. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 157 Subject: 5.670 Qs: Algonquian, Body parts, Collective numerals, French corpora Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 16:20:04 -0500 (EST) From: LROSENWALD@wellesley.edu Subject: query 2) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 11:14:50 -0700 (PDT) From: "Suzanne Fleischman" Subject: metaphors for body parts 3) Date: 9 Jun 94 14:06:33 BST From: TONY HALL Subject: Re: Collective Numerals/Quantifiers 4) From: rousse@isis.u-strasbg.fr Date: Thu, 9 Jun 94 18:00:33 +0200 Subject: collecting french corpora -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 16:20:04 -0500 (EST) From: LROSENWALD@wellesley.edu Subject: query Hi - I need either bibliographic or personal help. I'm working on James Fenimore Cooper's representation of Native American languages; in the course of reading around I've come across a couple of Lewis Cass's polemics against the John Heckewelder's accounts of the language of the Delaware Indians. (Heckewelder was one of Cooper's sources.) What I need help with, basically, is figuring out where Cass is right and where Heckewelder is. It's not exactly easy to read contemporary accounts of Algonquian languages and figure out what implications they have for judging Cass and Heckewelder. So my question is, 1) are there some accounts of the history of American Indian linguistics that could help me here? (I've read Jarry Joijer's sketch in _Native Languages of the Americas_ - and obviously that should be "Harry Hoijer") or 2) if the answer to 1) is "no," is there someone versed in these questions who'd be willing to let me ask him or her a few questions about the terms and arguments Cass and Heckewelder use for describing Delaware? Thanks very much - Larry Rosenwald (lrosenwald@wellesley.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 11:14:50 -0700 (PDT) From: "Suzanne Fleischman" Subject: metaphors for body parts Could anyone point me in the direction of information on the metaphorical associations that have come to attach to body parts (e.g., heart, blood, gut) in the popular imagination, synchronically or diachronically. This is not about the metaphorical use of body parts as, e.g, sources for grammaticalization, but rather about the associations/mythology that has come to surround certain body parts in particular cultures or cross-culturally. Thanks, Suzanne Fleischman UC Berkeley suzanne@garnet.berkeley.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 9 Jun 94 14:06:33 BST From: TONY HALL Subject: Re: Collective Numerals/Quantifiers I posted this message a few months ago but received no replies of any great use. Could you please post it once again. I am interested in those languages that have both CARDINAL numerals [NumK] and COLLECTIVE numerals [NumColl] (however they may be defined) and the different (or matching) syntactic scope of each. I am familiar with the Slavonic languages (which I teach) and some of the linguistic theory attached to them; I have also encountered studies carried out in Maltese, Georgian, Irish, and Arabic. (References can be supplied) I should like examples of the following: - where a language has the option of CARDINAL vs. COLLECTIVE - A. collocations that FORCE [NumColl] B. collocations that BLOCK [NumColl] C. collocations that FAVOUR [NumColl] D. collocations that FAVOUR [NumK] The results I shall post once the data have been received. Please reply to me directly at: A.R.Hall@uk.ac.bham Thanking you all in anticipation for your help. Tony Hall. ********************************************************************** *** Tony Hall *** Department of Russian Language *** University of Birmingham *** Edgbaston Tel: +44 (0)21 414 3227 *** Birmingham B15 2TT Fax: +44 (0)21 414 5966 *** United Kingdom Email: A.R.Hall@bham.ac.uk ********************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) From: rousse@isis.u-strasbg.fr Date: Thu, 9 Jun 94 18:00:33 +0200 Subject: collecting french corpora It seems that there are not many French language corpora available on ftp. Some professionals I talked with have pointed out that a special collection of texts would be very useful, among other things, to compare various computer linguistics tools. I am working on knowledge acquisition, and I am trying to impulse in my laboratory the collection of such corpora, to make them freely accessible to all. Before actually starting this project I want to collect as much information and advice as possible. In particular, I want to avoid undue competition with similar initiatives. I have heard about the ELSNET European initiative, in which French texts are available for sale on CD, but there are rather few, and cover only general knowledge, not specialized domains. My goal is different: I would like to have French native speakers to organize the collecting, to and make the texts available by ftp at no cost. Contact me if you are interested or can provide advice, information, help, and corpora. Technical/scientific texts are welcome. F. ROUSSELOT director, ERIC (Equipe de Recherche en Ingenierie des Connaissances) ENSAIS 22,bd de la Victoire 67087 Strasbourg-Cedex FRANCE rousse@steinway.u-strasbg.fr tel (33) 88 14 47 53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-670. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-671. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 207 Subject: 5.671 Jobs: Phonologist, Roehampton Institute, Computational Ling Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 14:19:42 -0700 From: mjschleppegrell@bullwinkle.ucdavis.edu Subject: Phonologist job opening 2) Date: Wed, 08 Jun 94 23:43:35 +0100 From: ucleaar Subject: JOB (Roehampton Institute, London) 3) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 94 18:44:49 EST From: raskin@mace.cc.purdue.edu (Victor Raskin) Subject: Computational Linguistics jobs -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 14:19:42 -0700 From: mjschleppegrell@bullwinkle.ucdavis.edu Subject: Phonologist job opening ANNOUNCEMENT OF ONE-YEAR REPLACEMENT POSITION FOR 1994-95 ACADEMIC YEAR Pending final approval of funds, the Linguistics Program at the University of California, Davis, has been authorized to advertise for a one-year replacement position in phonetics and phonology. Candidates must have completed or be near the completion of their Ph.D. and must demonstrate effective teaching in the above areas. Courses to be taught will include: Phonetics, Advanced Phonetics, Phonological Analysis, and Phonological Theory. The service periods for this position are as follows -- Fall Quarter 1994: September 26 - December 17; Winter Quarter 1995: January 3 - March 24; Spring Quarter 1995: March 30 - June 16. The anticipated salary range runs from $17,102 - $25,000, depending on candidate's training, experience, and number of courses taught. Interested parties should send a letter of application, a current C.V., evidence of teaching experience, and the names, addresses, and phone numbers of three references to: Linguistics Search Committee, Linguistics Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Application deadline: June 15, 1994, or until the position is filled. The Linguistics Department at UC Davis is committed to building a more diverse faculty, staff and student body as it responds to the changing population and educational needs of California and the nation. As a consequence, we are especially interested in attracting persons from groups currently underrepresented on the campus. As an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, we will pay special attention to applications from women, persons of color, persons with disabilities, Vietnam era veterans, and special disabled veterans. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 08 Jun 94 23:43:35 +0100 From: ucleaar Subject: JOB (Roehampton Institute, London) A one-year fixed-term lectureship in English Language & Linguistics at Roehampton Institute (in SW London) has just been advertised. The teaching involves taking responsibility for a course in the history of the English language, plus a moderate amount of teaching on sundry other courses. Salary is (in pounds) 13140-19362 + 1830 London allowance. The deadline for applications is June 23 1994. Applications & formal enquiries to: Roehampton Institute Human Resources Officer Senate House Roehampton Lane London SW15 5PU telephone is: (0)81 392 3644 The official job description is: Lectureship in English Language & Linguistics. Ref. HR11 I'd be happy to answer any informal enquiries. ---- And Rosta (ucleaar@ucl.ac.uk) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 94 18:44:49 EST From: raskin@mace.cc.purdue.edu (Victor Raskin) Subject: Computational Linguistics jobs I am mailing this at the request of Dr. Sergei Nirenburg, Director, Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, N.M. 88003 (505-646-5466, sergei@nmsu.edu). COMPUTING RESEARCH LABORATORY New Mexico State University Visiting Research Scientist / Mikrokosmos The Mikrokosmos NLP project needs 2 specialists to join an existing research team to design and develop a number of "microtheories" of lexical-semantic and related phenomena in Spanish, Japanese and English for the eventual use in a knowledge-based machine translation system. In practice, the work will involve building semantic lexicon entries in any or all the above languages as well as augmenting an existing world model, or "ontology." The successful candidates will have excellent skills in generating lexical-semantic descriptions using large text corpora, machine-readable dictionaries and other computational lexicographic resources, and formulating these descriptions in the terms of an AI-style, processing-oriented, ontology-based computational model for meaning extraction, representation and use. Requirements include a Ph.D. or equivalent in Computational Linguistics, Computer Science, Linguistics or a closely related field. User-level competence in Unix, X windows and GUIs is essential. Programming skills in C and/or Lisp and good knowledge of Japanese or Spanish will be a serious plus. Remuneration will depend on experience within the range of $40,000 to $60,000 per annum. The projected starting date is September 15, 1994. These positions are for one year with a possibility of extension. The probability of such an extension will increase if the candidates are willing and capable of contributing to the ongoing effort to generate research funds for the laboratory. ********************************************************* Visiting Research Scientist / Temple ********************************************************* Computational Lexicographer / Arabic The Temple NLP project needs a computational linguist to develop lexical support for an Arabic - English and English - Arabic translator's workstation. The work will include developing and adapting bilingual phrasal glossaries, formulating linguistic knowledge to support morphological analysis and synthesis programs and similar text processing utilities. An additional type of work will involve preparing language materials for an example-based machine translation system from Arabic into English as well as testing and improving it. Fluency in reading and writing Modern Standard Arabic is a requirement. User-level competence in Unix, X windows and GUIs is essential. Programming skills in C and/or Lisp will be a serious plus. A B.A. or B.Sc. is essential, preferably in Computational Linguistics, Computer Science, Linguistics or Modern Languages. Remuneration will depend on experience within the range of $25,000 to $30,000 per annum. The projected starting date is September 15, 1994. This position is for one year with a possibility of extension. ********************************************************* Computational Lexicographer / Japanese The Temple NLP project needs a computational linguist to develop lexical support for an Japanese - English and English - Japanese translator's workstation. The work will include developing and adapting bilingual phrasal glossaries, formulating linguistic knowledge to support morphological analysis and synthesis programs and similar text processing utilities. An additional type of work will involve preparing language materials for an example-based machine translation system from Japanese into English as well as testing and improving it. Fluency in reading and writing Standard Japanese is a requirement. User-level competence in Unix, X windows and GUIs is essential. Programming skills in C and/or Lisp will be a serious plus. A B.A. or B.Sc. is essential, preferably in Computational Linguistics, Computer Science, Linguistics or Modern Languages. Remuneration will depend on experience within the range of $25,000 to $30,000 per annum. The projected starting date is September 15, 1994. This position is for one year with a possibility of extension. ********************************************************* -- Victor Raskin raskin@mace.cc.purdue.edu Professor of English and Linguistics (317) 494-3782 Chair, Interdepartmental Program in Linguistics 494-3780 fax Coordinator, Natural Language Processing Laboratory Purdue University W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1356 U.S.A. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-671. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-672. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.672 Qs: Norwegian text, IPA font, Rap, Applied Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 94 10:03:43 EDT From: CirNoet@aol.com Subject: Norwegian text 2) Date: Sun, 29 May 94 18:28:49 CDT From: david nelson Subject: IPA font for Windows 3) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 09:10:36 -0400 From: "Ellen L. Contini-Morava" Subject: query: linguistically-oriented studies on rap poetry? 4) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 94 17:02:17 METDST From: Carlos Ruiz Anton Subject: Query about Applied Linguistics Mailing Lists -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 94 10:03:43 EDT From: CirNoet@aol.com Subject: Norwegian text Does anyone know of any large corpus of Norwegian text - for sale, for research, for free, or otherwise? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Please send responses to me at: CirNoet@AOL.com and I will gladly post a summary within a week. Thanks from Gillian Smith -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 29 May 94 18:28:49 CDT From: david nelson Subject: IPA font for Windows Is there available an IPA font for Windows (TrueType preferred)? Whether it is Shareware, Freeware or For Cost is fine. Thank you. David N. Nelson 409-845-1342 (office) Head, Cataloging 409-845-6238 (FAX) Evans Library, Texas A&M davidnelson@tamu.edu College Station, TX 77843-5000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 9 Jun 1994 09:10:36 -0400 From: "Ellen L. Contini-Morava" Subject: query: linguistically-oriented studies on rap poetry? On behalf of a student, does anyone know of work on rap poetry that has a linguistic angle (phonology, syntax, ethnopoetic...)? Please respond to this address and I'll post a summary. Thanks, Ellen C-M -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 7 Jun 94 17:02:17 METDST From: Carlos Ruiz Anton Subject: Query about Applied Linguistics Mailing Lists I am posting this message on behalf of a colleague of mine. He is interested in mailing lists discussing applied linguistics topics (in particular, discourse analysis, lexicography, SL teaching and learning). He would be very grateful if he could obtain some listserver addresses in order to eventually subscribe them. J. Carlos Ruiz ------------------------------- | Area de Linguistica General | | Universitat Jaume I | | Castells (SPAIN) | ------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-672. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-673. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 149 Subject: 5.673 Calls: SCA '94, SST94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 17:35:44 +0800 (PST) From: alan harris Subject: call for submissions: Language, Manipulation, Power:SCA '94 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 16:23:48 +0800 From: Jim Blevins Subject: Call for Papers: SST94 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 17:35:44 +0800 (PST) From: alan harris Subject: call for submissions: Language, Manipulation, Power:SCA '94 ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL: SEMINAR AT THE SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONVENTION, NEW ORLEANS Friday, November 18, 1994, 9:30 am- 5:30 pm. "Language, Manipulation, and Power at the End of the Millenium" The focus of this seminar is on language in the context of the social, political, and ethical dilemmas present in the culture at the end of this millenium. In the seminar, sociolinguistic, semiolinguistic, structuralist, and poststructuralist perpectives are encouraged. Issues to be addressed include: How do theories of language conceptualize power? What sense might it make to talk about an "ethics of language manipulation?" How might we talk about this set of ethics? Leaders: Alan C. Harris, CSU, Northridge and Jacqueline M. Martinez, Purdue U. Anyone wishing to participate should send a letter of self-nomination to Alan C. Harris, Prof. SPCH, CSUN, Northridge, CA 91330-8257 (see FAX etc. info' below) to arrive by July 1, 1994. The letter should include a short academic vita and a one-two page position statement on the topic. The leaders will select and inform participants about the form of the final papers, scheduling, paper circulation, future plans for submissions, distribution and the like. =============================================================== [Please bear with me while using this temporary HUEY system] =============================================================== Alan C. Harris, Ph. D. TELNOS: main off: 818-885-2853 Professor, Communication/Linguistics direct off: 818-885-2874 Speech Communication Department California State University, Northridge home: 818-366-3165 SPCH CSUN FAX: 818-885-2663 Northridge, CA 91330-8257 Internet email: AHARRIS@HUEY.CSUN.EDU =============================================================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 16:23:48 +0800 From: Jim Blevins Subject: Call for Papers: SST94 Fifth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology SST94 ****** SST94 ****** SST94 December 6-8, 1994 CALL FOR PAPERS PERTH,WESTERN AUSTRALIA ============================================================================ The SST-94 conference is organized with a multidisciplinary per- spective to provide excellent opportunities for the exchange of ideas and facilitate the interaction between professionals from many diverse areas of expertise. General topics of interest in- clude but are not limited to: Speech Synthesis Text-to-Speech Synthesis Acoustic Phonetics and Prosody Speech Signal Analysis Speech Databases Voice Response Systems Speech Coding and Encryption Spoken Language Modelling Speaker Identification / Verification Speaker Characteristics Speech Production Speech Recognition Speech Disorders Human-Machine Speech Interfaces Aids for the Speech/Hearing Impaired Speech Technology Applications Speech Processing using AI, ANN and advanced techniques Human Audition, Perception and Cognition This ensures that SST-94 is a true reflection of the interdisci- plinary nature of speech as an area of scientific and industrial endeavour. A Tutorial Day will be held on Monday, December 5 as an introduction to the important concepts in speech science and technology research. Keynote addresses will be given by Prof. Bob Linggard from the University of East Anglia and Dr. Anne Cutler from the Max-Planck-Institute in the Netherlands. =========================================================================== Prospective delegates should contact the secretariat for more in- formation. Three copies of the summary and a covering letter showing the corresponding author's name and address (also email address if possible) should be sent by July 8, 1994 to: Dr. Roberto Togneri, Secretary SST-94, CIIPS, Dept. of E&E Engineering, The University of Western Australia, NEDLANDS 6009, AUSTRALIA Tel: +61 9 380 2535/3897 Fax: +61 9 380 1101 Email: sst94@ee.uwa.edu.au ************************************************************************** For more information and to subscribe to the sst94 email list, send email to: sst94-request@ee.uwa.edu.au Subject: help ************************************************************************** The conference will held in Perth -- capital city of the State of Western Australia. The conference venue is at The University of Western Australia which is within a 10 minute drive from the city centre with frequent bus service. Schedule of Events July 8, 1994 Submission of 1 page summary August 12, 1994 Notification of acceptance October 7, 1994 Receipt of photo-ready paper and deadline for advanced registration =========================================================================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-673. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-674. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 97 Subject: 5.674 Sum: Representing dialects and languages, Discourse lists Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 16:12:25 -0500 (EST) From: LROSENWALD@wellesley.edu Subject: summary of responses on representing dialects and languages 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 10:44:16 CET From: Adam Karpinski Subject: discourse analysis lists -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 16:12:25 -0500 (EST) From: LROSENWALD@wellesley.edu Subject: summary of responses on representing dialects and languages I offer here a much belated summary, mostly bibliographical, of the many helpful responses to my query last November re the representation of dialects and languages. 1) from Jane Edwards (edwards@cogsci.berkeley.edu) a reference to her article "Transcription and Discourse" in _The Oxford International Encylcopedia of Linguistics_, and to her and Martin D. Lampert's _Talking Data: Transcription and Coding in Discourse Research_. 2) from Michael Kac (kac@cs.umn.edu) a reference to an unpublished talk by William Labov comparing representations of Black English by Mark Twain and Alice Walker; I've written Labov about this and was happyt hear that the plans at some point to revise this talk for publication. 3) from Nancy Frishberg (nancyf@seiden.com) some fascinating references to the literary depiction of signing, among them Gil Eastman's _Sign Me Alice_, Bernard Bragg and Eugene Bergman's _Tales from a Clubroom_, Lou Ann Walker's _A Loss for Words_ and one by Eve Dicker. 4) from Linda Coleman (Linda_K_Coleman@umailsrv0.EMD.EDU), references to literary works by Zora Neale Hurston, Dorothy Parker, Ellen Glasgow, Eudora Welty, and Hyman Kaplan, and to Valerie Shepherd's _Language Variety and the Art of the Everyday_. 5) from Susan Fischer (SDFNCR@ritvax.isc.rit.edu), a reference to work by Elizabeth Traugott that I haven't tracked down yet. 6) from David Solnit (David.Solnit@um.cc.umich.edu) some ideas about how authors like Hemingway depict Spanish and French. 7) from Mark Sebba (eia023@cent1.lancs.ac.uk) a reference to Frank Bullen's _The Cruise of the Cachalot_, a literary source for the depiction of dialect. 8) from Bruce Southard (ENSOUTHA@ECUVM.CIS.ECU.EDU), a reference to Sumner Ives' "A Theory of Literary Dialect," which I'd read, and to its convenient republication in Virginia Burke and Juanita Williamson's _A Various Language_, which I didn't know about. 9) from I. Shaw (ISHAW@VM1.NoDak.EDU), references to Walt Wolfram's _Dialects and American English_, to both ERIC journals, and to E. Chaika's _Language: The Social Mirror_. 10) from Bethany Dumas (dumasb@utkvx.edu) reference to, then later a copy of, her very interesting paper on "Ozark Dialect in Literature." Thanks, no less sincere for being so late, to everyone. Larry Rosenwald -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 10:44:16 CET From: Adam Karpinski Subject: discourse analysis lists About a month ago I posted a question here on the addresses of discourse analysis lists. Since quite a few people asked me to send out what I got, here it is (great thanks to Ceci Ford, Cynthia Vakareliyska and all those who answered): 1. FUNKNET - apparently rather quiet: funknet-request@oregon.uoregon.edu 2. ETHNO - as above: comserve@rpiecs.bitnet; send this one-line msg: join ethno YOUR_NAME 3. CORPORA - apparently floods you with mail: corpora-request@nora.hd.uib.no Good luck -- Adam -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-674. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-675. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 194 Subject: 5.675 The popularization of linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 9 Jun 94 17:35:33 SAST-2 From: NLOVE@beattie.uct.ac.za Subject: Re: The popularization of linguistics 2) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 94 20:08:01 EDT From: "Dorine S. Houston" Subject: Re: 5.646 The popularization of linguistics 3) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 15:48 -0500 (EST) From: Mike_Maxwell@sil.org Subject: The popularization of linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 9 Jun 94 17:35:33 SAST-2 From: NLOVE@beattie.uct.ac.za Subject: Re: The popularization of linguistics John Cowan writes as follows: > Kershaw here expresses views which I take to be typical of the posters > on this thread: a) there exists a false morality (using the word broadly) > among the populace which holds that there are better and worse varieties > of English; b) linguists have an obligation to employ their special > knowledge to overthrow this morality. On what grounds is this view > founded? > > It seems to me that we have here a classic IS-OUGHT confusion. Linguistics > claims to be an IS subject, one which describes the social/biological > construct called "language" as she is spoke (and, secondarily, as she is > written). As such, linguists have learned many facts about language and > about particular languages. But in addition, since the days of Bloomfield, > linguists-in-general (with exceptions) have carried an ideology as well: > the claim that, because every dialect has equal claim to attention by the > student of language, that society OUGHT to accept every dialect as socially > equal. The characters of Miss Fidditch the schoolmarm, and her younger > brother William Fidditch, the language columnist, are used as bogeymen in this > propagandizing endeavor. > > Furthermore, the existence of standards, and the process whereby something > becomes a standard, is itself a fit subject for investigation by students of > language, whether they call themselves "linguists" or not. Yet many who > do so call themselves act as if the subject matter of part of their > discipline has no right to exist, as if physicists were to rule out the > study of atomic fission because they did not like its applications. I agree with this entirely. But my experience as a panellist on a radio programme fielding listeners' queries about 'correct' English may be relevant. When someone writes in complaining that they heard someone say/write e.g. "who did you see?" instead of "whom did you see?", and invites the panel to issue a denunciation, I answer along the following lines: (1) 'Whom' as an object form of that pronoun has been recessive for at least five hundred years, and is practically extinct (except as object of a preposition) in more or less any colloquial speech and in all except fairly formal writing. (2) There is a good linguistic explanation for this situation, which will long-term-predictably lead to the complete demise of 'whom'. (3) Meanwhile, there are many people who attach great importance to its currently 'correct' use, and who will complain, think the worse of you, etc. if you fail to use it properly. (4) If you want to please such people you would be advised to learn how to use it correctly. (5) As I linguist my interest in the matter is confined to stating and trying the explain the facts given in (1) (2) and (3). (6) Personally -- if anyone's interested -- I use it as outlined in (1), but don't care very much whether anyone else does, and in any case would be as reluctant to tell others what to do linguistically (as opposed to tell them, if they ask me, what the prescriptive rules happen to be) as I would be to tell them what to do sartorially. (7) The reason I take this lofty, 'uncommitted' attitude is partly that, as a linguist I'm interested in 'is' rather than 'ought', and partly that, as a speaker/writer of a standard form of English, I happen to be lucky enough not to feel linguistically insecure about issues of this kind: my sort of English is pretty much what the normative grammarian's rules are based on anyway. The sad fact is that this won't wash. The response is to execrate me for letting the side down, benignly 'allowing' (or even contributing to) the barbarisation of the language, etc. etc. There are people out there who simply won't let you be non-political about this sort of thing. Hence -- or perhaps at least partly hence, anyway -- the development of a countervailing political attitude on the part of some linguists, whereby the 'wrongness' of prescriptivism is treated, and aggressively propagated, as though it were somehow a finding of linguistics. ************************ Nigel Love Linguistics Cape Town NLOVE@BEATTIE.UCT.AC.ZA ************************ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 94 20:08:01 EDT From: "Dorine S. Houston" Subject: Re: 5.646 The popularization of linguistics Dick Hudson talks about the importance of including linguistics in school Eng- lish programs, and refers to the predominance of literature in these programs. Teachers are simply not adequately prepared to teach anything about linguis- tics. I think it gets even worse: at one highly reputabale university on the East Coast of the USA, (not the one with which I am affiliated), PhD students in English Education (read literature and prescriptivism) are required to take a course called Linguistics for Secondary English Teachers. The amount of whining those students (including one of my relatives) do about the require- ment being so much silliness is unbelievable. "Why do we need to learn all that abstract stuff? Nobody actually uses it." How can we get the general public to respect our work if we can't get high school Englis teachers to do so? As for Hawking popularizing physics--well, I'll give more credit to Stephen Jay Gould (hm--something about these Stephens...) who, although he is a biol- ogist, write very effective responses to hawking--and they are usually in bet- ter prose! Cheers, Dorine Houston ===========================+++++++++++++++++++=========================== | | | DORINE HOUSTON V2188G@TEMPLEVM | | TEMPLE UNIVERSITY V2188G@VM.TEMPLE.EDU | | 1420 LOCUST ST., 17-R (215) 732-0367 | | PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA | ===========================+++++++++++++++++++=========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 09 Jun 1994 15:48 -0500 (EST) From: Mike_Maxwell@sil.org Subject: The popularization of linguistics I'm going to get flamed for this, but... Anthea F Gupta writes in Vol-5-665: > Linguists were one of the groups recently castigated by the Prince > of Wales for not understanding that there was right and wrong in > grammar -- the social need to impose a spurious morality on language > is a greater imperative than the granting of authority to linguists. > Few people are ready to accept that correctness in language is > comparable to correctness in dress or table manners. Maybe "they" don't take "us" seriously because we don't practice what we preach. If we believed that there wasn't a right or wrong to language, why would the LSA have study groups make recommendations on nonsexist language? For that matter, I've had reviewers of linguistics articles point out errors in my grammar (or spelling, which is really the same issue--there's nothing moral about Noah Webster's spelling, is there?). Why did they feel it necessary to point out such errors if they were immaterial? 80 years of progress: Prof. H. Higgins, 1912: "This verbal class distinction by now should be antique." Prof. P. Correct, 1992: "This sexist distinction by now should be antique." Bring on the fire extinguishers! Mike Maxwell --Boundary (ID y3f4VdR9cPl15iZZb25aXA)-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-675. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-676. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 82 Subject: 5.676 The Language Instinct Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 3 Jun 94 14:56:08 EDT From: Steve Pinker Subject: posting -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 3 Jun 94 14:56:08 EDT From: Steve Pinker Subject: posting I plan to stay out of the discussion of the many interesting issues raised by Claudia Brugman's thoughtful review of my book The Language Instinct, but there are three characterizations that I would like to express disagreement with at the outset. 1. Brugman suggests that I equate "innate" and "universal," but I took pains to distinguish them, as in the following passages: "The ubiquity of complex language among human beings is a gripping discovery and, for many observers, compelling proof that language is innate. But to tough-minded skeptics ..., it is no proof at all. Not everything that is universal is innate." (p. 32) "The universality of language does not lead to an innate language instinct as night follows day." (p. 33) "Do [language univesals] imply that languages are restricted by the structure of the brain? Not directly. First one must rule out two alternative explanations." (p. 234) [Greenbergian universals] "are not the best place to look for a neurologically given Universal Grammar .." (p.236) "Obviously, [a list of universals] is not a list of instincts or innate psychological propensities; it is a list of complex interactions between a universal human nature and the conditions of living in a human body on this planet." (p. 415) Of course, I go on to argue that many universals do in fact come from innate language-specific machinery (using evidence from poverty-of-input and double-dissociations), and these arguments may be subject to a variety of criticisms. But it is not accurate to say that I simply equated innate and universal. 2. I also would not concede that "the issue of how language expresses the infinity of human experiences is addressed by appeal to recursive function theory, leaving imagination and cognition ... unmentioned." The relationships between language, cognition, communication, and the external world are discussed in detail in pp. 78-82 (Whorf chapter), 153-157 (Words chapter), 222-230 (Comprehension chapter), and 367-369 (Evolution chapter), and the explanations in the syntax and morphology chapters throughly interweave structure and function. 3. I did not describe Turing machines as "the 'scientifically respectable' model of mental representation (pp. 73 ff)." I said that Turing "made the idea of mental representation scientifically respectable" (by showing that internal representations do not require an infinite regress of homunculi), quite a different claim. Naturally, I disagree with other points in the review, but they are all fair-minded criticisms that are best left to discussion by more distinterested parties. Steve Pinker (steve@psyche.mit.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-676. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-677. Fri 10 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 193 Subject: 5.677 Varia: Endangered Languages, Protolanguage, NLP article Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 30 May 1994 13:24:59 -0400 From: Dan Everett Subject: Support for Endangered Languages 2) Date: Mon, 06 Jun 1994 12:15:44 +1000 From: Mark Durie Subject: Re: FWD>5.640 Protolanguage 3) Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 11:02:35 +1000 (EST) From: j.guy@trl.oz.au (Jacques Guy) Subject: NLP: France Telecom vs Telecom Australia -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 30 May 1994 13:24:59 -0400 From: Dan Everett Subject: Support for Endangered Languages Tony Woodbury's recent mailing about interest in a special group of papers at the LSA meetings on field work caused me to think that there might be a number of you interested in another aspect of field work - aid to the speakers of languages we work on, in particular endangered languages. Recently, partially at my suggestion, the Summer Institute of Linguistics initiated a grant for the study of endangered languages, in the amount of $1000.00. The idea behind this is that the money should go to a graduate student and that the funds be matched, if possible, by the student's home institution. The first recipient of this grant, a student from our department, will be studying the Kootenai language. (For further information on this for future years, I think that the person to contact is David Payne, International Linguistics Coordinator, SIL 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd. Dallas, TX 75236; I know nothing about the future plans for this grant). This grant causes me to wonder how many other organizations and/or individuals would be able and willing to support the study of endangered languages. I have in mind two principal categories for support: (i) graduate student research (faculty do, after all, have other sources, e.g. the NSF which is quite interested in worthy projects on such languages); (ii) money for the speakers themselves. For example, it costs many thousands of dollars in Brazil for the government to demarcate Indian territory. In recent years, the rock star, Sting, has contributed a significant amount to such efforts (in a recent series of shows he raised nearly $600,000.00). Demarcation is perhaps the single most important need in Brazil. For example, most of the groups that I have worked with are smaller than 200 and settlers are beginning to invade their traditional lands. The Piraha's reserve was mapped out over eight years ago (partially funded by Cultural Survival) and the resultant map was made law last year. But (although the map is legal) absolutely nothing has yet been done to identify the land (which involves cutting a 2-meter wide swath in the jungle around the entire reserve, by Brazilian law). The reason is simple - there are no funds available. Without their own land, chances for survival, already very bleak, are almost nonexistent. Another area of need is medical work. This summer, for example, I will be accompanying a dental team to the Piraha. Next summer, I have about three surgeons lined up to go to the Amazon. Although these people usually pay their own way (they should!), there are numerous additional expenses involved beyond international transport - medical equipment, supplies, local transportation. When I lived in Brazil, I was able to raise funds for humanitarian aid for Indians from a group of companies (IBM, Bosch, and some of the latter's subsidiaries). It seems to me like this ought to be a priority for linguists working on endangered languages. In this regard, I would like to see a discussion here of ideas others may have had for providing aid of different kinds to speakers of endangered languages. Actual potential funding agencies should not, of course, be mentioned in a public forum, but those of us who are most interested in such matters might organize an effort along these lines off-line. One source would be multinationals with a record of exploiting the relevant areas - these groups often want to buy their way into heaven via grants. The need for such additional funding struck me this year as I worked with the Banawa. Out of a three year grant I have plenty of money for my own transportation, summer salary, etc. Even some money for paying language teachers. But the percentage of the funds I have that will go to actually directly benefit the community, beyond informant fees, is about 1% of the entire grant. Yet my home institution received a much larger percentage in overhead. I would like to hear from people interested in this issue with specific ideas on funding and applications of funds raised. The latter issue ought to be taken up on Linguist, I think, in order to get the maximum number of ideas. Maybe there are some obvious sources out there that I am unaware of. But then, if I am unaware of them, so will lots of others be. Dan Everett -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 06 Jun 1994 12:15:44 +1000 From: Mark Durie Subject: Re: FWD>5.640 Protolanguage Reply to: RE>FWD>5.640 Protolanguage proof By Jacques Guy's method, even one of the daughter languages could be a proto language, with 100% retention of vocabulary. Guy's 'proof' that the root can be placed in infinitely many places only works on the assumption of infinitely arbitrary variations in vocabulary replacement rates. Few advocates of lexico-statistics (I am not one) would share the covert assumption of Jacques' proof that replacement rates are maximally and arbitrarily variable. Even if one does not hold the controversial opposite assumption that vocab replacement rates are universally constant across time and space, most of us would not wish to go so far the other way as to assume that they vary completely freely and arbitrarily. It is bizarre to suggest that a reconstruction that assumes retention rates ranging from 100% to 20% in the one family is as equally plausible as one which assumes a range of 55%-65% retention rates across the family. Jacques' argument is certainly not a once-and-for-all- proof. The more moderate statement is: the greater the variation in retention rates that one permits, the more uncertain and imprecise one's location of the 'root' (i.e. the relative position of the proto-language) must be. Jacques's proof is merely the extreme corollary of this: if one assumes maximal uncertainity in the rate of retention across a family, then the the lexico-statistical method gives maximal uncertainty in the location of the root. Mark Durie -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 31 May 1994 11:02:35 +1000 (EST) From: j.guy@trl.oz.au (Jacques Guy) Subject: NLP: France Telecom vs Telecom Australia There is an interesting article in "L'echo des RECHERCHES" No.146, pp.51-60 (4th quarter 1991), on natural language processing, entitled "Interrogation en language naturel du Minitel Guide des Services (MSG)". The authors use the term "syntactic analyzer", but that term is a bit of a misnomer: their syntactic analyzer is nothing like a parser. It relies purely on semantics and is in fact a semantic-network builder. The resulting graph is also nothing like the trees you see in linguistic analysis (typically an S with NP and VP nodes dangling, and more from there). First, it contains circuits. Second, it has two types of arcs -- which they call "relatif_a" and "sorte_de" ("related to, having to do with" and "kind of, subset of"). Third, those arcs are directed. Finally, the graphs are not rooted. I was particularly interested because: 1. It so happens that there is a group here working on the very same problem: direct access to our electronic Yellow Pages database in natural language. 2. I had come to a model of syntax/semantics very similar to Gilloux, Lassalle and Ombrouck's but from a very different starting point: given a bilingual text, extract the dictionary and the rules for translating from one language into the other. I seem to be ending up with two fundamental operations, one commutative, the other not, a bit like their "sorte_de" and "relatif_a", except these are relationships, not operations. It makes me think that they are onto something, namely, a proper model of language. (1) is amusing. The system developed here so far relied on a syntactic parser (in the classical sense) and a neural net. The parser parses the customer query and sends its output to the neural net. But it does not work very well. Actually, it has a strong propensity for not working, period (from first-hand demos). So I suggested: "Junk the parser. Parsing gets you nowhere, this is not how we process natural language, only artificial, algorithmic languages like C, Lisp, whatever. Send the query directly to the neural net, verbatim." To which was objected: "We cannot get rid of the parser, it is an AI application, and this is the AI department." The power of words and labels! Our NLP interface works better now. The programmer in charge followed my advice and modified the existing parser so that now sends to the neural net the query it received, unchanged. There still is a module called parser, so everyone is happy. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-677. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-678. Sat 11 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 124 Subject: 5.678 Qs: Japanese, Case grammar, Dialectology, Old journals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 15:03:57 BST From: SW10011@phx.cam.ac.uk Subject: Query:DP in Japanese? 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 09:30:23 EDT From: dixon@nike.heidelberg.edu (Wallace E. Dixon) Subject: Help with case grammar 3) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 14:26:03 +0000 (GMT) From: dbritain Subject: Query: Collection of non-standard lexical items 4) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 11:11:45 -0500 (EST) From: "Leslie Z. Morgan" Subject: Old Journals -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 15:03:57 BST From: SW10011@phx.cam.ac.uk Subject: Query:DP in Japanese? Dear Linguists, I am interested in Functional Cagetories in Japanese, especially DP hypothesis. What is the categories of demonstratives (e.g. KONO, SONO, ANO, DONO) and possessive pronouns (e.g. WATASHINO) in Noun Phrases (in traditional sense) in Japanese? Are they Heads of DPs, or Heads of APs, or specifiers of NPs? If you have any argument or know references, please send me what is relevant. Thank you very much. S. Wakabayashi. RCEAL, University of Cambridge, UK E-mail: sw10011@phx.cam.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 09:30:23 EDT From: dixon@nike.heidelberg.edu (Wallace E. Dixon) Subject: Help with case grammar I am a psychologist attempting to become familiar with Fillmore's Case Grammar. As I am reading it (I'm almost finished), I realize that linguists use a whole different language than psycholinguists. I want to learn this second language though. Could anyone recommend to me a couple of references which provide the necessary translations? I.e., could someone recommend an easier introduction to case grammar (perhaps even an undergrad textbook would work, though I would prefer a more thorough explanation than a typical undergrad text would provide). Thanks in advance. Please respond privately. _____________________________________________________________________________ | Wallace E. Dixon, Jr. | "Almost all intelligent behaviours Department of Psychology | are susceptible of becoming play as Heidelberg College | soon as they are repeated purely for Tiffin, OH 44883 | functional pleasure." dixon@nike.heidelberg.edu | | - Jean Piaget ___________________________________|_________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 14:26:03 +0000 (GMT) From: dbritain Subject: Query: Collection of non-standard lexical items Does anyone know of any research at all using non-traditional dialectological techniques to collect information on the social-geographical distribution of non-standard lexical items? What success have researchers had in trying to collect such data with more recent methods? I'd be interested to hear from anyone who has done research on this, or simply knows of articles/books etc tackling this issue. I'll summarise soon, if I get some replies. Cheers, Dave Britain dbritain@essex.ac.uk Dept of Language and Linguistics University of Essex, COLCHESTER UK -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 11:11:45 -0500 (EST) From: "Leslie Z. Morgan" Subject: Old Journals There was a posting a few years ago about libraries interested in old copies of *Language*. Is that information still around? Would the same folks maybe be interested in the transactions of the *American Phililogical Society*? I know someone who has a set complete since the fifties and who would be delighted to get some shelf space back. The *Language* issues are only the last 10 years or so. Please contact me directly- MORGAN@LOYVAX.BITNET or MORGAN@LOYOLA.EDU Thank you. Leslie Morgan -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-678. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-679. Sat 11 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 225 Subject: 5.679 Protolanguage Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 16:22:45 +1000 (EST) From: j.guy@trl.oz.au (Jacques Guy) Subject: Protolanguage undecidability and retention rates 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 11:32:14 -0400 (EDT) From: V187EF4Y@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu Subject: Re: 5.677 Protolanguage 3) From: trey@BRS.Com (Trey Jones) Subject: Re: 5.677 ProtoLanguage Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 14:46:03 EDT -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 16:22:45 +1000 (EST) From: j.guy@trl.oz.au (Jacques Guy) Subject: Protolanguage undecidability and retention rates Mark Durie writes: >By Jacques Guy's method, even one of the daughter languages could be a proto >language, with 100% retention of vocabulary. No. The daughter language is evidently not the protolanguage. However, it is lexically _indistinguishable_ from the protolanguage. Therefore, it is as if it were the protolanguage. Thus, the protolanguage, the root of the tree, is the terminal node occupied by that hypothetical 100% retentive language. >Guy's 'proof' that the root can >be placed in infinitely many places only works on the assumption of >infinitely arbitrary variations in vocabulary replacement rates. ^^^^^^^^^^ No, definitely not. This is a misuse, again, of "infinite". It is also a misuse of "arbitrary". I doubt very much that lexical innovations are arbitrary. But, whatever their causes, we can be pretty sure that they vary, and that we cannot predict them with any useful degree of certainty. The outcome of the roll of a die is neither arbitrary nor, strictly speaking, random. We might, possibly, predict it if we were in possession of all the necessary information. But we are not. So it appears random. Ditto lexical innovations. And the variation cannot be infinitely arbitrary since it is necessarily confined within the range 0 to 1, or if you prefer, 0% to 100%. >It is bizarre to suggest >that a reconstruction that assumes retention rates ranging from 100% to 20% ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ >in the one family is as equally plausible as one which assumes a range of >55%-65% retention rates across the family. The proof makes no mention of retention rates but of _retentions_. A retention rate is, pardon this Lapalissade, a rate of retention. There is nothing particularly strange about a retention rate of, say, 95% per generation. If it persists for a thousand years or so, more than 30 generations, the retention, 1000 years later, is a paltry 20%. At the other end of the scale, Bergsland and Vogt (1962, in Current Anthropology, look it up), have observed the following retention rates per 1000 years: 200-item list 100-item list Icelandic rural dialect 97.6% 99% urban dialect 96.2% 98% Georgian 89.9% 96.5% Armenian 94% 97.8% David Lithgow (pers. com. circa 1970) has observed a replacement of some 20% of the basic vocabulary in Muyuw (Woodlark island) in one generation. Raise 0.8 to the 33rd power, and that gives you the retention rate of Muyuw per 1000 years should it continue to evolve at that rate: 0.06%. So there is nothing bizarre, then, in expecting even such apparently unbelievable figures: from 0 to 100% retention per thousand years! All this, in my view, explains why the cradle of Indo-European has been shuffled about so widely, from the Baltic to the Middle-East and I know not where else so that the poor baby must be feeling thoroughly sick by now. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 11:32:14 -0400 (EDT) From: V187EF4Y@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu Subject: Re: 5.677 Protolanguage Mark Durie writes: >By Jacques Guy's method, even one of the daughter languages could be a proto >language, with 100% retention of vocabulary. Guy's 'proof' that the root can >be placed in infinitely many places only works on the assumption of >infinitely arbitrary variations in vocabulary replacement rates. Few >advocates of lexico-statistics (I am not one) would share the covert >assumption of Jacques' proof that replacement rates are maximally and >arbitrarily variable. Even if one does not hold the controversial opposite >assumption that vocab replacement rates are universally constant across time >and space, most of us would not wish to go so far the other way as to assume >that they vary completely freely and arbitrarily. It is bizarre to suggest >that a reconstruction that assumes retention rates ranging from 100% to 20% >in the one family is as equally plausible as one which assumes a range of >55%-65% retention rates across the family. The proof was not that we could never figure out a root to the tree, but merely that cognate proportions alone are insufficient for locating the root. His proof is mathematically valid. The are, however, other ways to locate it (he mentions some in GLOTTO.DOC, though I don't recall if he did so in the post). Kind of ironic, someone interested in glottochronology like me coming to Jacques' defence. -Pat Crowe, SUNY at Buffalo -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) From: trey@BRS.Com (Trey Jones) Subject: Re: 5.677 ProtoLanguage Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 14:46:03 EDT Reply to: 5.677 Protolanguage proof Mark Durie, writing about Jacques Guy's proof of protolanguage uncertainty in lexico-statistics, makes a lot of assumptions about other people's assumptions himself. It strikes me as ironic, given the recent flurry of postings concerning the popular view and misunderdstandings of linguistics, that Jacques Guy seems to have to fight so hard against linguists' misunderstandings of mathematics and statistics. When I was first developing an interest in linguistics, I came across a book entitled _Everything_Linguists_Ever_Wanted_To_Know_About_Logic_But_Were_Ashamed_ _To_Ask_, which I thought was foolish, considering the predominating "formal" bent of linguistics. I was woefully wrong (and slightly biased by a formal training in mathematics and computer science..), and my depression deepens every time I see "refutations" of basic mathematical reasoning. But I digress. To the point, the main false assumption that Mark Durie is making about Jacques Guy's proof is that Jacques has any assumptions at all. The proof concerns what you can mathematically and statistically determine (that means FOR SURE) from lexico-statistical data. The answer, concerning the position of the protolanguage, is NOTHING! Mark Durie states: >By Jacques Guy's method, even one of the daughter languages could be a proto >language, with 100% retention of vocabulary. That is entirely correct... and not a flaw at all, as we shall see.. Durie continues: > Guy's 'proof' that the root can >be placed in infinitely many places only works on the assumption of >infinitely arbitrary variations in vocabulary replacement rates. Also true, and still not a flaw! let us consider an example. Suppose you had a data set for languages A, B, and C, and you constructed a relational tree such as this: A-----:--------:-- <..and you were tempted to put the protolanguage here. B-----; | Well, I hate to say it, but that could be rather | foolish of you, particularly if the languages in C--------------; question were Spanish(A), Portuguese(B) and Latin(C). In this case one of the "daughter" languages is in fact the protolanguage, Latin! (minor quibbling about Classical vs Vulgar Latin aside.. this is for illustrative purposes only, do not attempt this reconstruction at home, I am a trained professional. --Sorry, I am occasionally possesed by Dave Barry.) The point is that Durie has already made a HUGE (GIGANTIC) assumption that all the data in question comes from the same time period, which is by no means the case. Jacques tackles the more general case of all sorts of data from various time periods. The fact is, YOU JUST CAN'T TELL. In fact, in the example above, the protolanguage is actually most likely Spanish -----:--------: Portuguese -----; | | Classical Latin--------------; ^^-here, at the place where Classical and Vulgar Latin split.. very close to one of the "daughter" languages.. but that comes in part from all sorts of extra- and para-linguistic evidence, like age of written records, the fact that all the Romans are dead, general knowledge of world history, stuff like that. Durie writes: > It is bizarre to suggest >that a reconstruction that assumes retention rates ranging from 100% to 20% >in the one family is as equally plausible as one which assumes a range of >55%-65% retention rates across the family. To me, it is bizarre to introduce such real world knowledge as likely retention rates into a mathematical discussion. (As anyone who has studied college algebra can attest, mathematics has nothing to do with the real world [if it can help it].) We are talking about what the math can tell you, not what likely guess you can make based on real world knowledge that doesn't factor into the equations. I keep reiterating the main point here in hopes that it will sink in, somewhere, for someone who doesn't get it yet (but they are small hopes, as Jacques understands..): You cannot DETERMINE the position of a protolanguage in a lexico-statistically derived relation tree. You can use outside evidence to help you narrow down the range of likely possibilities, but that is outside the realm of what lexico-statistics can do for you. Okay.. take your best shot.. -Trey Jones, part-time Math Geek, part-time Ling Geek, full-time Computer Nerd. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-679. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-680. Sat 11 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 177 Subject: 5.680 The popularization of linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 09:47:08 -0700 (MST) From: WFKING@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Re: 5.603 The treatment of language in popular publications 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 11:06:03 -0400 From: Bruce Nevin Subject: Love on hate mail [popularization of linguistics] 3) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 13:01:25 +0100 From: wcli@vax.ox.ac.uk Subject: the popularization of linguistics 4) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Popular press Linguistics Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 14:07:55 -0400 (EDT) 5) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 13:42:43 -0500 (EST) From: LROSENWALD@wellesley.edu Subject: Re: 5.675 The popularization of linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 09:47:08 -0700 (MST) From: WFKING@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU Subject: Re: 5.603 The treatment of language in popular publications A native of Malaysia irked by a recent Safire column said to me "What does he know about Asian culture? He's an expert on language or something." Maybe the publishers of general reference books are consulting someone, but it's a safe bet it's not someone on this list. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 11:06:03 -0400 From: Bruce Nevin Subject: Love on hate mail [popularization of linguistics] Nigel Love (NLOVE@BEATTIE.UCT.AC.ZA) engagingly writes: >... my experience as a panellist on a radio programme fielding listeners' >queries about 'correct' English may be relevant. ... When someone writes >in complaining that they heard someone say/write e.g. "who did you see?" >instead of "whom did you see?", and invites the panel to issue a >denunciation, I answer along the following lines ... The response is to >execrate me for letting the side down, benignly 'allowing' (or even >contributing to) the barbarisation of the language, etc. ... The logical implications of their position can be made evident. An alternative tack, then, is to agree with them, and excoriate them for only now waking up to the degradation of language. Loss of the case endings has been going on for a long time, let's bring back nominal as well as pronominal inflection, genitive and dative at the very least. And imagine such a Frenchified form of the language being held up as a model in our schools as that represented in the writings of Shakespeare! What's in an ekename? Where's the beef, it's cow flesh from now on! But they are like the deaf nadder that stoppeth her ear. Reverse the great vowel shift! Back to our Indo-European roots! And beyond! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 13:01:25 +0100 From: wcli@vax.ox.ac.uk Subject: the popularization of linguistics I, for one, am against the inclusion of linguistic theory in secondary education. Dorine Houston writes: > at one highly reputabale university on the >East Coast of the USA, (not the one with which I am affiliated), PhD students >in English Education (read literature and prescriptivism) are required to take >a course called Linguistics for Secondary English Teachers. The amount of >whining those students (including one of my relatives) do about the require- >ment being so much silliness is unbelievable. "Why do we need to learn all >that abstract stuff? Nobody actually uses it." How can we get the general >public to respect our work if we can't get high school Englis teachers to do >so? While the subject may be interesting to linguists, "why do we need to learn all that abstract stuff -- nobody actually uses it" is one question I cannot provide an answer to. Can anybody? People seem to pick up languages perfectly without resorting to abstract analyses, and those who do resort to them don't necessarily learn them better or faster. At the secondary school level, people don't care about deep structures or sense relations or segmental or suprasegmental properties of sounds, they just want to learn general, basic, useful things that will be of use whatever they choose to do later in life. And linguistics, sorry to say, isn't one of these useful things, at least not at the moment. Another concern is that the discipline at the moment seems to be in such a state of flux -- linguists, even, hardly agree with each other, and graduate students of linguistics often invest years learning a theory only to have it declared invalid the moment they master it. It would be very difficult to justify ourselves if we were to force millions of young people to invest time in subject that teachers and students alike find relatively useless, and then a few years later, say "sorry folk, that was a mistake, let's try again". Chris Li Oxford University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Popular press Linguistics Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 14:07:55 -0400 (EDT) Mike Maxwell suggests that one problem with getting linguistics widely accepted is that we require the same prescriptivism that everybody else does within our journals. One conundrum about studying human behavior is that the studiers must of necessity also be participants. Sociologists must still behave in social settings; linguists must still speak. We have two options, then: throw out all of the rules which we "know" to be nonsense and write as we like within our journals (and other formal outlets) and all use the dialects we use to friends, or obey all the rules. If we throw out the rules, others (who don't "know" that the rules are nonsense) won't listen to us because we can't be a real science: we don't even know how to write well. If we use the rules, others (when they discover that the rules are bogus) will accuse us of hypocricy. This is a point on which we cannot win against those bent on proving linguistics invalid -- there's simply no way out. Plus, old habits die hard -- most of us, if not all, were raised in a prescriptivist tradition. I once wrote a paper for a class in which I noted, in a footnote, that there + is + plural object ("There's three books on the table") was a valid sentence in my dialect; when I inadvertantly used the structure in the text of the paper later (not as an example, but as part of the prose), I was corrected by my instructor. Clearly we do hold by prescriptivist ideals, then, in some contexts: when, though, is it appropriate to do so? -- Paul Kershaw, MichSU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 1994 13:42:43 -0500 (EST) From: LROSENWALD@wellesley.edu Subject: Re: 5.675 The popularization of linguistics One thing I'd note in connection with this discussion is what's always struck me as the odd division of labor, so to speak, in anglophone discussions of language. That is - the prescriptivist monitors of usage - Safire, John Simon, a while ago Jacques Barzun, Theodore Bernstein - are themselves not very eminent writers (in the sense in which Nabokov was an eminent writer, or Ralph Ellison), nor are they eminent scholars - in the sense in which Chomsky or Labov is an eminent scholar. That lowers the prestige of the activity a lot, I think. But in German literature you have someone like Karl Kraus - who is, in my judgment at least, a great writers of literature - paying attention to exactly the sort of thing that Safire & co. pay attention to in English, and giving the activity of prescriptivist monitoring a much higher prestige. And I think if a first-class linguist were prepared to engage in that activity, rather than argue against it, the activity itself could become more rigorous and more interesting. I'm thinking, for example, of the passage in Labov's "The Logic of Non-Standard English" where Labov rightly but briefly and unelaboratedly makes judgments of literary excellence on the speech of two speakers, and the passage where he argues, again I think rightly but briefly, why SAE is a better medium for academic discourse than BEV - I'm thinking, that is, of how much livelier and more productive pubic discussion of language would be if it were animated by judgments like these of Labov's than by Safire's small-scale and mediocre pedantries. Larry Rosenwald (lrosenwald@wellesley.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-680. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-681. Sat 11 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 235 Subject: 5.681 Sum: Group plural - associative plural or cohort plural Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 14:39:50 -0500 (CDT) From: Edith A Moravcsik Subject: no subject (file transmission) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 8 Jun 1994 14:39:50 -0500 (CDT) From: Edith A Moravcsik Subject: no subject (file transmission) From: Edith Moravcsik (edith@convex.csd.uwm.edu) Department of Linguistics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, USA Dated April 5, l994, I posted an inquiry on LINGUIST regarding the "group plural" (also known as "associative plural" or "cohort plural") - i.e., plural forms that refer to a restricted group whose central member is designated by the noun that carries the plural marker; e.g. English _the Andersons_ meaning 'Mr./Mrs. Anderson and his/her family'. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the 70 persons who responded by providing data from over 80 languages. The respondents were the following: Anders Ahlquist, Shanley Allen, Bill Anderson, Yoshi Asano, Peter Austin, Eleanor Olds Batchelder, Loren Allen Billings, Arkady Borkovsky, Hans den Besten, Ivan Derzhanski, Pamela Downing, Blaine Erickson, Susan Fischer, David Gil, Frank Gladney, Shelly Harrison, Caroline Heycock, Jose Ignacio Hualde, Yoshiko Ito, Roy Iutzi- Mitchell, Gregory Iverson, Almerindo Jeda, Yan Jiang, Marit Julien, Daniel Jurafsky, Jussi Karlgren, Alan Kim, Thomas King, Hiroaki Kitano, Keisuke Koga, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Silvia Kouwenberg, M. Kubota, Randy LaPolla, Jan Lindstrom, Ann Lindvall, Stavros Macrakis, Jouni Maho, Alexis Manaster-Ramer, Gerald Mathias, Steven Matthews, Patrick McConvell, Joachim Mugdan, Michael Noonan, Tomomi Okazaki, John Phillips, Marc Picard, Ingo Plag, Robert Port, David Powers, Kurt Queller, Terry Regier, Nick Reid, Karl Reynolds, Kevin Rottet, Deborah Ruuskanen, Steven Schaufele, Steve Seegmiller, Fritz Serzisko, Sebastian Shaumyan, Karoi Shima, Martin Silverman, Lalita Sinha, David Solnit, Nancy Stenson, Raymond Tang, Robert Westmoreland, Cheryll Zoll, Wim Zonnenveld, as well as a person known to me only by his e-mail address: mckennon@acad.albion.edu. In order to avoid cluttering the LINGUIST screen, I will post only the list of languages for which group plural data have been given to me and a few general observations about the construction as they have emerged from a preliminary scanning of the facts. Each of the people who contributed data (i.e., all of those listed above) have also been sent the entire data base via individual e- mail messages. If you were one of the contributors but have not receive the data set, or if you were not one of the respondents but would like to receive the data, please let me know (edith@convex.csd.uwm.edu). I am sorry it has taken this long to produce a summary. Any further information on group plurals will be appreciated. I have no e-mail-address for one of the contributors: Anders Ahlquist. If you wish to receive the data set, please let me know your address. The 84 languages from which group plural data or information on closely related phenomena have been reported to me have a very broad areal and genetic distribution suggesting - as in fact several contributors have explicitly done so - that the pattern may be (near-)universal. Here are the languages in alphabetic order: Abkhaz, Afrikaans, American Sign Language, Arabic (Classical), Armenian, Bandi, Basque, Bengali, Berbice Dutch Creole, Brahui, Bulgarian, Cantonese, Chantyal, Chukchee, Dutch, English, Eskimo (Alaskan), Faroese, Farsi, Finnish, Frisian, Fula, German, Gold, Greek, Gurindji, Hausa, Hawaiian, Hawaiian Creole English, Hawaiian Pidgin English, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ik, Irish, Jamaican Creole, Japenese, Kalispel, Karachay, Kayah (Eastern), Kazakh, Kiribati, Khoekhoe, Komi, Korean, Kpelle, Lak, Latin, Lithuanian, Loko, Loma, Luganda, Malayalam, Maltese, Mandarin, Maori, Mari, Mauritian French Creole, Mende, Mongolian, Nama, Naxi, Mgan'gityemerri, Old High German, Otjiherero, Papiamentu, Polish, Quechua, Russian, Saami (Northern), Sanskrit, Sesotho, Setswana, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Thimbukushu, Tsivenda, Turkish, Uighur, Uzbek, Xhosa, Zulu. In addition, several other Australian and creole languages were said to have group plurals. What follows is a brief characterization of the construction in terms of its morphology, syntax, semantics, typology, and diachrony. l. THE BASIC CONSTRUCTION The basic construction involves a definite human noun or pronoun - usually a proper name, kin term, or title - and an affix free marker associated with it. The construction refers to a set that includes the person named and his or her family or associates. An example is Turkish _teyzem-gil_, where _teyz-em_ "aunt-my" is 'my aunt' and _-gil_ is a plural marker. The meaning of _teyzemgil_ is 'my aunt and her family' (G.L. Lewis: _Turkish grammar_. l967. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 40, 65.) 2. THE NOMINAL The word marked for group plural is always a semantically restricted subclass of nouns or pronouns. The restriction is two- fold: the referent must be definite and and it has to be human. Additional constraints often apply, such as that it must be a proper name or a kinship term or a title. 3. THE MARKER The group plural marker is generally bound but it may be a free form; it may be monomorphemic or bimorphemic; and it may or may not have additional functions in the language. If it does have additional functions, these range over the following: regular plural or dual marker (e.g. Japanese _-tachi_), possessum marker ("one of") plus plural (e.g. Hungarian _-e'k_), pronoun (e.g. Afrikaans _-hulle_ 'them'), conjunction (e.g. Gilbertese _ma_ 'and'), or noun (e.g. Australian Aboriginal English: _mob_). Infrequently, as in Maltese, a subject noun itself is in the singular but the verb carries plural agreement to convey group plural meaning for the subject. 4. SYNTAX Group plural nominals seem never to occur with numerals. If the language has verb agreement for number, they require plural agreement. Otherwise, they seem to follow normal noun phrase syntax. 5. SEMANTICS The group to which the group plural refers is most often the noun referent's permanent group such as his family or associates; but it may also be an ad hoc group that exists in a given situation. The referent of the noun named is always a prominent member of the group; the rest of the members are slightly subordinate but they must nonetheless be near-equals. For example, as noted by Ivan Derzhanski for Hungarian, the person's slaves would not be included in the group. Although, at first sight, the group plural might seem to have a freakish semantics that stands outside the range of normal plural meanings, in actuality it turns out to be a predictable component of the semantic number system. It differs from the regular nominal plural meaning of 'tables' etc. in two ways but neither of these two distinguishing features is specific to the group plural: both occur independently elsewhere. First, while 'tables' refers to a CLASS of things, a group plural - say, Mandarin _John tamen_ 'John and his group' - refers to a GROUP of entities. In other words, while the set 'tables' is a taxonomic concept defined in terms of similarity, 'John and his group' is defined in part by similarity (since 'the group' must consist of near-equals to John) and in part by contiguity or cohesion and thus it is both a taxonomic and a partonomic notion. But 'grouphood' is an independently motivated meaning component of number systems since it plays a role in defining the meaning of collectives such as 'team' or 'police'. Second, while the members of the set defined by 'tables' are of equal standing, the members of the set defined by 'John and his group' are not all on a par: 'John' is the prominent member. But plurals built around representative members exist in the domain of class plurals as well, such as in expressions like _chairs and such_ or _pens, pencils, etc._. Not only does each of the two semantic components that jointly distinguish group plurals from regular nominal plurals occur elsewhere: the group plural meaning itself is also widespread - in fact, universal - outside the construction itself that is being discussed here. Plural forms that universally illustrate the group plural meaning are first and second person plural pronouns. "We" and "you-PLU" are semantically group plurals in that "we" normally means 'I and some others' (rather than 'more than one speaker') and the normal meaning of "you" is also 'you and some others' rather than 'more than one listener'. The 'John and his group'-type group plural is thus a natural extension of the first and second person pronominal plural/duaL idea to the domain of nouns, just as the normal nominal plural 'tables' can be viewed as the natural extension of the third person pronominal plural. If the nominal group plural is viewed as an extension of the first-second-person pronominal plural, the particular constraints that define the class of nouns that generally participate in the group plural construction - that they have to be definite human nouns - fall into place. As noted by T. Cedric Smith-Stark ("The plurality split". CLS, l974, 657-668), plurality is preferentially expressed for nouns that are high on the animacy hierarchy. It therefore makes sense that a special plural, such as the group plural, that applies to less than all nominals should apply to personal pronouns and human nouns, and to proper names and kin terms in particular. 6. TYPOLOGICAL CORRELATES If all languages have first and/or second person plural pronouns, then the semantic pattern of the group plural is universal. The occurrence of nominal group plural constructions does not seem to be dependent on the occurrence of obligatory nominal plural of the regular kind in the same language; Mandarin, Cantonese, or Japanese exemplify languages that have no obligatory class plurals but they do have nominal group plurals. One might in fact tentatively hypothesize the following: "All languages that have nominal class plurals also have nominal group plurals but not the other way around." 7. DIACHRONY There is some plausibility to the hypothesis that, as was suggested to me by Greville Corbett in personal communication and as was proposed by Hans den Besten in his talk "The Khoekhoe basis for the Afrikaans associative construction" given at the meeting of the Society for Pidgin and Creole in June l993 in Amsterdam, group plurals may be more ancient than class plurals. Suggestive evidence also comes from child language studies: partonomies are acquired by children before taxonomies are (Markman, Ellen M. l989. _Categorization and naming in children. Problems of induction._ Cambridge, London: MIT, pp. 188, 195). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-681. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-682. Mon 13 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 216 Subject: 5.682 Sum: Ape language Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 12 Jun 1994 18:55:07 -0500 From: Michael Kac Subject: Ape Language: Summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 12 Jun 1994 18:55:07 -0500 From: Michael Kac Subject: Ape Language: Summary In late April I posted the following query: "On behalf of someone not on the net I'm writing to inquire about recent literature (if any) on the question of whether apes can learn language. "My impression is that since the publication of the article by Terrace et al. in Science (ca. 1980, if I remember correctly) a consensus quickly developed to the effect that earlier claims were exaggerated and that the question is widely considered to have been settled in the negative. I'd be interested in knowing to what extent the debate is still alive and, if there's still life in it, what things to recommend to the person who came to me with the question." My earlier impression is clearly wrong, if the number of responses I received is any indication. Among those who obliged me in this regard was Allen Gardner, who clearly deserves pride of place here. He referred me to: Gardner, R.A., Gardner, B.T., & Van Cantfort, T.E. (Eds) (1989). _Teaching sign language to chimpanzees_, Albany: SUNY Press. He further reports: "For credentials, all of the reviews of this book that we know about appeared in highly respected scientific journals and all concluded that the evidence reported is rigorous and plainly refutes the criticisms of Terrace & Co." The listing of reviews follows. Anderson, J. R., _Primate Eye_, 41-42 (October 1990) Boysen, S., _Quarterly Review of Biology_, _65_, 383-384 (1990) Byrne, R.W. _Animal Behaviour_, _40_, 789-790 (1990) Hauser, M., _American Anthropology_, _92_, 1167-1168 (1990) Hunt, K.D., _Anthropological Linguistics_, _32_, 388-389 King, N.E., _American Journal of Physical Anthropology_, _86_222- 224,(1991) Miles, H.L.W., _International Journal of Primatology_, _12_, 1-5 (1991). Here is a listing of other items to which I was referred by respondents. These vary from popular press articles to highly specialized scientific reports. Apologies in advance if I've omitted anything; address gripes (and citations) to me and I'll post addenda as necessary. _Gorilla, Journal of the Gorilla Foundation_, published biannually Carter, Janis, "Freed from keepers and Cages, chimps come of age on Baboon island," _Smithsonian_,June1988:36-49 Cavalieri, Paola and P. Singer, The Great Ape Project. [no further bibliographical info.] Collins, Karen. "Inquiry," _USA Today_, 3/1/85:11A Cowley, Geoffrey, "The Wisdom of Animals," _Newsweek_, 5/23/88:56-59 Crichton, Michael, _Congo_, New York:Ballantine Books, 1980 [!!!FICTION!!! ] Fadiman, Anne, "How a Loquatious Gorilla Named Koko became smitten with kittens," _Life_, July 1985:22-28 Fans the World Over go Ape," _People_, v23. 4/22/85:57-60 Faurie, Vanessa, "Koko and Co," _Illinois Alumni News_, apr.1989:10-11 Frisbie, Michael, "Fine Animal Gorilla," _McCall's_, Jan1986:10-14 Griffiths, Joan, "Gorilla my Dreams," _Omni_, v14, Nov.1991:27 Linden, Eugene, _Apes, Men and Language_, New York: Saturday Evening Press, 1974 Logan, Marcia, "Koko the Talking Gorilla gets a brand new kitty and Primate Fans the World Over go Ape," _People_, v23. 4/22/85:57-60 Monkeys and Apes_, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990 Parker, Sue, and Kathleen Rita Gibson (eds) , _Language and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes_, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990 Patterson, Francine, "Conversations with a Gorilla," _National Geographic_,v154, no4, Oct 1978:438-465 Patterson, F, Candace Holts and Lisa Saphire, "Cyclic Changes in Hormonal Physical, Behavioral and Linguistic measures in a female lowland gorilla," _American Journal of Primatology (24)_, 1991:181-184 Patterson, F. and Eugene Linden, _The Education of Koko_, New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston, 1981 Patterson, F. "Fear, Humor, Committment, Sorrow-Apes feel them all," _US News and World REport_, v99, 7/22/85 Patterson, F., "Koko the Articulate Gorilla," _Ms._, Dec1981:42-48 Stone, Judith, "Sex and the single Gorilla," _Discover_, aug1988:78- 81 Premack, David and Ann James Premack, _The mind of an Ape_,New York: WW Norton and Co, 1983 Premack, David. Gavagai: or the Future History of the Animal Language Controversy. MIT Press/Bradford Books. 1986 Premack, D and A.Premack, "Teaching Language to an Ape," _Scientific American_, v227,no4, Oct 1972:92-99 Reynolds, Peter C "The complementation theory of language and tool use." In Kathleen Gibson and Timothy Ingold (eds.), Cognition, Tool Use, and Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 407-428. 1993 Reynolds, Peter C. Rv. of Wallman 1992. Man: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 1993 Rumbaugh, E. Sue Savage. Multi-tasking: the Pan-human rubicon. Seminars in The Neurosciences 3.417-422. 1991 Savage-Rumbaugh, Murphy, Sevcik, Brakke, Williams & Rumbaugh Language comprehension in ape and child. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58, 1-220. 1993. Spada, Emanuela Cenami. Animal mind-human mind: the continuity of mental experience with or without language. To appear in International Journal of Comparative Psychology. Stokoe, W.C., (1989). Comparative & developmental sign language studies: A review of recent advances. In R.A. Gardner, B.T. Gardner, & T.E. Van Cantfort (Eds.), _Teaching sign language to chimpanzees_. Albany, NY: SUNY Press Stone, Judith, "Sex and the single Gorilla," _Discover_, aug1988:78- 81 Vessels, Jane, "Koko's Kitten," _National Geo._, v167, no1, Jan1985:110-113 Wallman, Joseph. APING LANGUAGE. Cambridge U. Press, 1992. Wilkins, W.E. and J. Wakefield 'Brain evolution and neurolinguistic preconditions'. To appear in Behavioral and Brain Sciences. A number of people also referred me to a NOVA program that aired not long before my query (and which I missed -- I watch very little television). My thanks to everyone who responded; besides Allen Gardner, they are: beingthere@aol.com Dan Moonhawk Alford Nell Alison Bekiares Sally Boysen Susan Ervin-Tripp Alice Faber Linda Forrest Alex Francis Nancy Frishberg Soren Harder Rich Hilliard Bob Hoffmeister Alice Horning Kate Kearns Ruth Loew mooks@u.washington.edu Jill P. Morford John O'Neil Carolyn Ostrander Michael D. Passman Nalini Rau Jan de Ruiter Sally Schrier Emanuela Cenami Spada Elizabeth Stallman H. Stephen Straight Joanne Tanner Ted Taylor Wendy Wilkins Michael Kac -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-682. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-683. Mon 13 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 107 Subject: 5.683 Qs: Australian corpora, "Me First", Electric Word, Documentation Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 14:26:29 EDT From: gross@hmco.com (Derek Gross) Subject: Australian corpora? 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 11:27:38 EDT From: Geoffrey Russom Subject: Re: 5.678 Qs: "Me First" 3) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 12:38:51 +0200 From: tvs@etal.ucl.ac.be (Thierry van Steenberghe) Subject: Qs: Electric Word Ref.? 4) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 11:45:16 -0700 (MST) From: William Eggington Subject: computer documentation standards -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 10 Jun 94 14:26:29 EDT From: gross@hmco.com (Derek Gross) Subject: Australian corpora? I'm looking for corpora (or word-frequency lists) of written Australian English. I'd be grateful if anyone who either has such data or knows where it might be found could get in touch with me by email (gross@hmco.com). thanks, Derek Gross InfoSoft International -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 11:27:38 EDT From: Geoffrey Russom Subject: Re: 5.678 Qs: "Me First" Could somebody please tell me (1) where Ross's "Me First" paper was published, if it was in fact published, and (2) whether there is any good recent work on the subject. The "me first" principle is supposed for example to fix the order of items in phrases like "men and women", "here and there", "to and fro", "friend or foe", etc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 12:38:51 +0200 From: tvs@etal.ucl.ac.be (Thierry van Steenberghe) Subject: Qs: Electric Word Ref.? Can anybody point me towards the editors of the Dutch magazine 'Electric Word', once known as 'Language Technology' or 'LT' ? Many thanks! Thierry J. van Steenberghe ATTENTION! SOON A NEW ADDRESS! } ---> UCL=University of Louvain UCL=University of Louvain Institute of Linguistics UCL } ---> Department of Computer Science Place Blaise Pascal, 1 } ---> Place Ste Barbe, 2 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve [Belgium] B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve [Belgium] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 11:45:16 -0700 (MST) From: William Eggington Subject: computer documentation standards I have been approached by some representatives of a computer software company asking for assistance in developing computer industry wide standards for on-line and manual documentation language. Most computer companies label similar functions differently. For example, do you "block," "click," "select" or "mark" text before a "cut and paste" operation? They are interested in lexical and syntactic areas of standardization. This appears to be an interesting problem that may lend itself to language planning applications. Is there anyone working on this elsewhere? Any suggestions? Cheers, Bill ****************** Dr. Bill Eggington 3164 JKHB, English Department Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84604 U.S.A. Ph: (801) 378-3483 Fax: (801) 378-4649 ****************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-683. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-684. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 87 Subject: 5.684 Qs: Jobs Chair in formal Linguistics, Temp Job - Switzerland Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 16:04:54 BST From: Paul Bennett Subject: Chair in formal Linguistics 2) Date: 13 Jun 94 16:51:32 ES From: Inge DeBleecker/Voice Processing Corp Subject: Temporary Job - Switzerland -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 16:04:54 BST From: Paul Bennett Subject: Chair in formal Linguistics [Please post again] Chair in Formal Linguistics at UMIST Applications are invited for a Chair in Formal Linguistics in the Department of Language and Linguistics at UMIST (The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology). With 15 academic staff and 12 externally funded research staff, the Department has established a reputation as a leading centre for multilingual natural language engineering, especially machine translation, terminology and lexical databases, computer-assisted language learning and human-computer interfaces. The Department welcomes applications from candidates in any area of linguistics, though a strong preference will be given to individuals with an interest in formal linguistic description and with substantial research experience in the field. Though the person appointed is not required to have experience in computational applications of linguistic theories, a strong interest in this area will be an asset. A working knowledge of a second modern language is also desirable. Commencing salary for the Chair will be within the professorial range, minimum: 30938 sterling per annum. UMIST is an equal opportunity employer. Requests for application forms and further details, quoting reference LL/A/77, should be sent to: The Personnel Office, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, Great Britain. Completed applications should be returned by 17 June 1994. [Please don't mail the sender of this notice for information!] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 13 Jun 94 16:51:32 ES From: Inge DeBleecker/Voice Processing Corp Subject: Temporary Job - Switzerland Voice Processing Corporation, a leading speech recognition company based in Cambridge, MA, USA, is looking for an individual to assist in a data collection project in German speaking Switzerland (Zuerich). The main task of the person is to have 4,000 people call into the system and go through the collection script. This person is preferably a national of Switzerland, and living in the country. He/she needs to be familiar with computers. Persistance and creativity will come in handy. The project should take one month to six weeks, and is scheduled to start in July 1994. If you are interested, please contact Inge De Bleecker by e-mail at inge@vpro.com, or call (617) 494-0100. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-684. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-685. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 215 Subject: 5.685 Sum: Coordination of gerunds with to-infinitives Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 20:20:54 +0800 (WST) From: h9290030@hkusub.hku.hk (R.Y.L. TANG) Subject: Coordination of gerunds with to-infinitives -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 20:20:54 +0800 (WST) From: h9290030@hkusub.hku.hk (R.Y.L. TANG) Subject: Coordination of gerunds with to-infinitives Dear netters, On May 6, 1994, I posted the following query on _Linguist_: Consider the sentence (1) My interests include swimming, reading and playing chess. 3 NPs are conjoined by 'and'. Consider another example which is unacceptable: (2) * My interests include swimming, reading and to play chess. Why is 'to play chess' not allowed in this nominal slot, considering the fact that it can function as a nominal in the subject position: (3) To play chess is what I want now. and in the complement position: (4) His only pastime is to play chess. I am having the notion of 'to-infinitive nominal clause' (Quirk and Greenbaum 1973) in mind when positing this problematic case. Can anyone explain the above unacceptability using a non-GB framework? After reading the replies, I hereby summarize the points into several aspects: A. Difference between the -ing VP and the to-VP Various tests show that the gerund is more 'nominal' than the to-infinitive, although they can both occur in certain slots expected to be filled by nominal elements. Pauline Jacobson wrote: "there are environments in which NPs can occur and in which infinitives cannot; the reverse is also the case, and so the conclusion would seem to be that infinitives are not NPs." She gave the examples: (5) a. *I dislike to eat meat. b. I dislike the meal. A true NP must be one which can be the verbal complement of 'dislike'. Moreover, as noted by Pauline, infintives (ans also full CPs) cannot occur as PP complements, while ordinary NPs and gerunds can: (6) a. *You can rely on to win. b. You can rely on the victory. c. You can rely on winning. Pauline also scrutinized the copular constructions of (3) and (4). She pointed out that "the two constituents in a copular sentence do not need to be of the same category", and therefore (3) can (4) cannot be strong evidence which proves that the to-infinitive 'to play chess' is a nominal element. Both Pauline and Boundary (ID I4e/r3h3umEYiW3b8wgf4A) use the example below to illustrate that non-NP constituents can occur around the copular: (7) Under the bed is a good place to hide. Although 'under the bed' can be moved to the postcopular position, as in the case of (4), it does not mean that precopular and postcopular constituents will be exactly identical semantico-syntactically, as Kiyoshi Ishikawa pointed out. Boundary used (7) to show that 'To play chess' in (3) "is not necessarily the subject". Even if it is the subject, it is still not a nominal, as other categories can also occur there (Yehuda N. Falk). To reiterate, the -ing constituents are more 'nominal' than the to-infinitive (Peter-Arno Coppen). Nigel Love used 'verbal noun' and 'deverbal noun' to talk about the the examples of my own. He stated that "the -ing form is not so much a verbal noun (i.e. gerund) as a deverbal noun, ...", and went on with the following examples to illustrate the difference in behaviour for verbal and deverbal nouns: (8) I like collecting stamps (verbal noun; replaceable by the infinitive) (9) I like stamp-collecting (deverbal noun; replaceable by any other normal noun, e.g. "philately") "Swimming" and "reading" in my examples belong to both verbal and deverbal noun categories. If they are more to the deverbal side, they may not be allowed to be conjoined with the to-VP 'to play chess' then. B. Coordination constraints Some respondents concentrated on the constraints for a coordinated structure. Guy Modica wrote: "Conjunctions such as 'and' require that the conjuncts be of the same phrasal class....When you have two gerunds...conjoined with an infinitive, we sense it to be ungrammatical....The crucial point is not the class of an offending conjunct, but a restriction on what a conjunction can conjoin." Quite opposite to Guy, Kiyoshi Ishikawa wrote: "It's wrong to require categorical identity of conjuncts in the first place,..." He used Sag et al. (1984)'s example to illustrate a coordination of 2 non-identical constituents: (10) John is a Republican and proud of it.e Pauline Jacobson wrote: "The basic generalization though, ...is that two constituents of different categories may conjoin just in case they are in an environment where both are possible." Thus her examples: (11) ?My favorite pastimes are swimming and to play chess. (12) a. My favorite pasttime is swimming. b. My favorite pasttime is to play chess. My example (2), then, is bad because 'to play chess' cannot occur in the context of (12b) if the main verb is changed to 'include' (see C below). Some respondents cited some awkward but acceptable examples to illustrate that coordination of non-identical constituents is possible. Michael Kac's example: (13) ?I like hiking, golfing and to swim. However, John Nerbonne thought that (14) is unacceptable: (14) *I like swimming and to read. Interestingly, Marit Julien stated that the kind of construction in my example (2) is perfectly acceptable in Norwegian -- "an infinitive is allowed in any nominal slot, in a fashion parallel to the nominalisations in -ing". Thus, Marit thought that the restriction governing the coordination in (2) must be "particular to English". C. Complementation of 'include' Some respondents stated that my problem concerns *solely* with the requirements of its complement by the verb 'include'. In other words, it is not a problem of coordination constraints, as the example below (cited by many of the respondents) shows: (15) *My interests include to play chess. This example shows that it is 'include' which requires an NP complement (although Boundary was skeptical about the NP status of "playing chess") rather than a to-VP complement. Boundary wrote: "I think the answer probably has to do with the fact that coordinate phrases have to share certain features (in the sense of syntactic features in lexicalist syntax) which are required by the verb (or whatever) that selects them, or by the syntactic position in which they appear." He said that since, for example, 'is' can take virtually any category as its complement, the conjoined structure involving 'and' among different categories is possible in the complement slot after 'is'. Kiyoshi Ishikawa made a generalization concerning this: "...each conjunct has to respect the subcategorization information imposed in the coordinated mother....the verb imposes some requirement in its complement which is compatible with 'playing chess' but not with 'to play chess' (...but I think...this requirement is semantic)." D. Rhetoric consideration One respondent, John Cowan, said that even if my example (2) and example (15) were acceptable, "(2) would be ruled out on rhetorical grounds by the rule 'Match parts!'. This rule requires formal similarity between the elements of an expressed or implied conjunction." This is what I had in mind when I made up my query -- I was advising people to 'keep the grammatical categories the same when writing the hobbies on your re'sume''. To sum up again, the very different syntactic behaviours of VP-ing and to-VP constituents, possibility of coordination of non-identical categories, the subcategorization requirement for the complement of 'include' and, with minor importance, rhetorical consideration, come together to form the full picture. Many thanks to the respondents again: Loren Allen Billings 'Boundary' Peter-Arno Coppen John Cowan Yehuda N. Falk Dick Hudson Kiyoshi Ishikawa Pauline Jacobson Marit Julien Michael Kac Chuah Choy Kim John Lawler Nigel Love Guy Modica John Nerbonne Some of them have provided me with many references possibly related to coordination. If anybody is interested please email me and I will give him/her the titles. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-685. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-686. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 186 Subject: 5.686 Confs: AISB-95 - Hybrid Problems, Hybrid Solutions Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 94 13:25:50 BST From: john@aifh.ed.ac.uk Subject: Re: LINGUIST posting -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 94 13:25:50 BST From: john@aifh.ed.ac.uk Subject: CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT AND PRELIMINARY CALL FOR PAPERS CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT AND PRELIMINARY CALL FOR PAPERS AISB-95: Hybrid Problems, Hybrid Solutions. ============================================ Monday 3rd -- Friday 7th April 1995 Halifax Hall of Residence & Computer Science Department University of Sheffield Sheffield, ENGLAND The Tenth Biennial Conference on AI and Cognitive Science organised by the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour Programme Chair: John Hallam (University of Edinburgh) Programme Committee: Dave Cliff (University of Sussex) Erik Sandewall (University of Linkoeping) Nigel Shadbolt (University of Nottingham) Sam Steel (University of Essex) Yorick Wilks (University of Sheffield) Local Organisation: Paul Mc Kevitt (University of Sheffield) The past few years have seen an increasing tendency for diversification in research into Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science and Artificial Life. A number of approaches are being pursued, based variously on symbolic reasoning, connectionist systems and models, behaviour-based systems, and ideas from complex dynamical systems. Each has its own particular insight and philosophical position. This variety of approaches appears in all areas of Artificial Intelligence. There are both symbolic and connectionist natural language processing, both classical and behaviour-based vision research, for instance. While purists from each approach may claim that all the problems of cognition can in principle be tackled without recourse to other methods, in practice (and maybe in theory, also) combinations of methods from the different approaches (hybrid methods) are more successful than a pure approach for certain kinds of problems. The committee feels that there is an unrealised synergy between the various approaches that an AISB conference may be able to explore. Thus, the focus of the tenth AISB Conference is on such hybrid methods. We particularly seek papers that describe novel theoretical and/or experimental work which uses a hybrid approach or papers from purists, arguing cogently that compromise is unnecessary or unproductive. While papers such as those are particularly sought, good papers on any topic in Artificial Intelligence will be considered: as always, the most important criteria for acceptance will be soundness, originality, substance and clarity. Research in all areas is equally welcome. The AISB conference is a single track conference lasting three days, with a two day tutorial and workshop programme preceding the main technical event, and around twenty high calibre papers will be presented in the technical sessions. (A separate call for workshops and tutorial participation will appear in due course.) It is expected that the proceedings of the conference will be published in book form in time to be available at the conference itself, making it a forum for rapid dissemination of research results. SUBMISSIONS: High quality original papers dealing with the issues raised by mixing different approaches, or otherwise related to the Conference Theme, should be sent to the Programme Chair. Papers which give comparative experimental evaluation of methods from different paradigms applied to the same problem, papers which propose and evaluate mixed-paradigm theoretical models or tools, and papers that focus on hybrid systems applied to real world problems will be particularly welcome, as will papers from purists who argue cogently that the hybrid approach is flawed and a particular pure approach is to be preferred. Papers being submitted, whether verbatim or in essence, to other conferences whose review process runs concurrently with AISB-95 should indicate this fact on their title page. If a submitted paper appears at another conference it must be withdrawn from AISB-95 (this does not apply to presentation at specialist workshops). Papers that violate these requirements may be rejected without review. SHEFFIELD: Sheffield is one of the friendliest cities in the UK and is situated well having the best and closest surrounding countryside of any major city in the UK. The Peak District National Park is only minutes away. It is a good city for walkers, runners, and climbers. It has two theatres, three 10 screen cinemas, a library theatre which shows more artistic films, a large number of museums many of which demonstrate Sheffield's industrial past, and a number of Galleries in the City, including the Mapping Gallery and Ruskin. Several important ancient houses, such as Chatsworth House, are close to Sheffield. The Peak District National Park is a beautiful site for visiting and rambling upon. There are large shopping areas in the City and by 1995 Sheffield will be served by a 'supertram' system. The University of Sheffield's Halls of Residence are situated on the western side of the city in a leafy residential area described by John Betjeman as ``the prettiest suburb in England''. Halifax Hall is centred on a local Steel Baron's house, dating back to 1830 and set in extensive grounds. It was acquired by the University in 1830 and converted into a Hall of Residence for women with the addition of a new wing. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AT SHEFFIELD: Sheffield Computer Science Department has a strong programme in Cognitive Systems and is part of the University's Institute for Language, Speech and Hearing (ILASH). ILASH has its own machines and support staff, and academic staff attached to it from nine departments. Sheffield Psychology Department has the Artificial Intelligence Vision Research Unit (AIVRU) which was founded in 1984 to coordinate a large industry/university Alvey research consortium working on the development of computer vision systems for autonomous vehicles and robot workstations. FORMAT AND DEADLINES: Four copies of submitted papers must be received by the Programme Chair no later than 24 OCTOBER 1994 to be considered. Papers should be at most 12 pages in length and be produced in 12 point, with at most 60 lines of text per A4 page and margins at least 1 inch (2.5cm) wide on all sides (default LaTeX article style is OK). They should include a cover sheet (not counted in the 12 page limit) giving the paper title, the abstract, the authors and their affiliations, including a contact address for both electronic and paper mail for the principal author. Papers should be submitted in hard-copy, not electronically. Papers that do not adhere to this format specification may be rejected without review. Notification of acceptance will be sent to authors by 7 DECEMBER 1994 and full camera-ready copy will be due in early JANUARY 1995 (publishers' deadlines permitting). CONFERENCE ADDRESS: Correspondence relating to the conference programme, submissions of papers, etc. should be directed to the conference programme chair at the address below. John Hallam, Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, SCOTLAND. Phone: + 44 31 650 3097 FAX: + 44 31 650 6899 E-mail: john@aifh.edinburgh.ac.uk Correspondence concerning local arrangements should be directed to the local arrangements organiser at the following address. Paul Mc Kevitt, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 211 Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, ENGLAND. Phone: + 44 742 825572 FAX: + 44 742 780972 E-mail: p.mckevitt@dcs.sheffield.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-686. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-687. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 236 Subject: 5.687 FYI: California Linguistic Notes 24/2, SCHOLAR Release CV Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 10 Jun 1994 07:25:00 -0800 (PST) From: "Alan S. Kaye" Subject: California Linguistic Notes 24/2 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 20:53:04 EDT From: Joseph Raben Subject: SCHOLAR Release CV -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 10 Jun 1994 07:25:00 -0800 (PST) From: "Alan S. Kaye" Subject: California Linguistic Notes 24/2 * * * Volume 24, No. 2 of California Linguistic Notes is now available. * * * Includes: "DCM vs. CM" [on distant comparison and the comparative method] by Winfred P. Lehmann "On the Amerind Affiliations of Zuni and Tonkawa" by Joseph H. Greenberg "Comments On Ramer" [24/1] by Dell H. Hymes "Another Look at *TIK `Finger, One'" by John D. Bengtson & Merritt Ruhlen "Phonosemic Paradigms in English" by Roger W. Wescott "Lines for Linguists" by Roger W. Wescott "Interlingual Lexical Borrowings: A Case Study" by Zilin Zhao "Hospitality English" by John Ellison Kahn "A Corpus Based Approach to Computer Assisted Grammar Teaching" by Tony McEnery and Andrew Wilson "Nagamese: Pidgin, Creole or Creoloid?" by Dwijen Bhattacharjya "The Philology of Non-European Pidgins: The Case of Mobilian Jargon" by Emanuel J. Drechsel Letters on _Language in the Americas_, book reviews, and more. * Back issues still available: Volume 24, No. 1 Includes: "Playing On or Around" by Geoffrey K. Pullum "`One' and `Only' [in Uto-Aztecan]", "Arguing About `Quail'", and "Languages in America" by Alexis Manaster Ramer "...Spinning Wheels, Wordwise" by Shale Dworan "One Aspect of Lexicon: Conversion in Singapore-Malaysian English" by Stacey Marcus "Japanese Compounds" by Mioi Ehara "Derivational Reduplication in Basque" by Sean Brady "The Definite Article in Five Germanic Languages" by Tom Harrison "The Morphological Structure of Proper Names" by Lisa Chow Reprints of articles about Chomsky, Laurence Urdang and dialects of American English; book reviews. Volume 23, No. 2 Includes: "Fieldwork and Field Methods in Linguistics" by Paul Newman "Arabic and Biblical Studies: Chapters from the History of Semitic Studies in England" by M. O'Connor "Sapir's Psychological and Psychiatric Perspectives on Culture" by Michael Silverstein "The Emergence of Sango" by Helma Pasch "Chileno: A Maritime Pidgin Among California Indians" by Guillermo Bartelt "Names for the Quail in Native California" by William Bright "Tubatulabal 'Man' and the Subclassification of Uto-Aztecan" and "On the Nostratic Inclusive/Exclusive" by Alexis Manaster Ramer "All in the Family: A Closer Look at Liquids and Glides" by Lori J. Altmann "A Pragmatic Device in Electronic Communication" [The Smiley] by Andrew Wilson "Actant-marking in the Verbal Complex" by U. J. Lueders "Zellig S. Harris: An Appreciation" by Bruce E. Nevin. Reprints about indigenous and endangered languages; book reviews. Volume 23, No. 1 Includes: "Curiouser and curiouser: Usage of comparative `-er' in American and British English" and "The phonaestheme as a linguistic entity" by Pam Ballinger "Putting the 'socio' back into the sociolinguistic enterprise" by Joshua A. Fishman "A consonant-final pronominal stem in Tubatulabal" and "Tubatulabal takaah 'quail'" by Alexis Manaster Ramer "The Lubbar Fend" by Carleton T. Hodge "An Interview with Joseph Greenberg" by Paul Newman "The you-guysing of America", "Another view of `You Guys'" and "Everybody Likes Pizza, Doesn't He or She?" by George Jochnowitz "Why transcripts of the Dead Sea Scrolls had to be released" by Hershel Shanks * * * California Linguistic Notes (ISSN 0741-1391) publishes essays, squibs, letters, and reviews on any linguistic topic; also student papers, works in progress, abstracts, notices of recent publications, jobs, and more. Manuscripts and other material for publishing should be submitted, preferably on disk or online, to the addresses below. Subscription, $20.00 for USA subscribers; $30.00 overseas (airmail); $10.00 per additional copy sent to the same address. Sample issues available for $2 (to cover printing and postage). Alan S. Kaye, Editor Program in Linguistics Department of English California State University, Fullerton Fullerton, CA 92634-9480 USA E-mail: akaye@fullerton.edu (I shall be in Cairo until the last week of August, 1994, and thus unable to mail requested issues until then. However, I will be reading and replying to e-mail at the above address. -- Alan) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 20:53:04 EDT From: Joseph Raben Subject: SCHOLAR Release CV The next release of SCHOLAR: Natural Language Proc- essing Online will be distributed shortly. If not al- ready subscribed, send email to as follows: sub scholar Firstname Lastname . Release CV contains the following items. The Natural Language Translation Specialist Group Newsletter 22, April 1994, table of contents. Consortium for Lexical Research Newsletter 11, table of contents Notes on Fiction Hypertexts A note on a projected Catalog of Spanish Corpora and Related Resources A note on the International Centre for Distance Learning Database A note on additions to the "Please Copy This Disk" collection A note on an available etext list from Spectrum Press A note on recent Project Gutenberg etexts A note on the Infolingua Bibliographical Series in Linguistics, Informatics and Communications An update on access to Spanish Libraries A note on internet access to SGML textual analysis resources at the University of Virginia A note on business language corpora A request for information retrieval test collections A note on ARIADNE: A New Gopher to the Hellenic Civilization Database A note on Latin text + hypertext on the Net A note on the Leeds Database of Manuscript English Verse A note on the Linguistics Studies Facility on the Australian National University Gopher A note on the Toronto Archive for Course Materials in Humanities Computing A note on the British Library Network OPAC A note on Electronic Text Center resources at the University of Virginia A note on the Association of Research Libraries A note on Chinese/English translation software. A review of _The Oxford Acoustic Phonetic Database on Compact Disk_ A note on a new list: Hypertext in Education A note on a list of Gophers of Scholarly Societies at the University of Waterloo A note on a new list on Eastern (European) language engineering A note on the Oxford English Dictionary discussion list at the University of Liverpool A global calendar of conferences and workshops in Troitsk, Russia; Buffalo NY; Las Cruces NM; Dublin. Ireland; Moscow, Russia; Vigo, Spain; Paris, France; Manchester, U.K.; Guilford, U.K.; TAmes IA; New Bruns- wick NJ; Utrecht, Netherlands; Kwaluseni, Swaziland; Sydney, Australia; Seattle WA; Kyoto, Japan; Cophen- hagen, Denmark; Antwerp, Belgium; Bergen, Norway; Nara, Japan; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Beijing, China; Edin- burgh, U.K.; College Park MD; Montreal, Canada; Ham- burg, Germany; Nijmegen, Netherlands; Varna, Bulgaria; Munich, Germany; Helsinki, Finland; Glasgow, U.K.; Man- chester, U.K.; Crimea, Ukraine; Moscow, Russia; Se- ville, Spain; Santorini, Greece; Alvor, Portugal; Vien- na, Austria; Alicante, Spain; New York NY; Stuttgart, Germany; Cambridge MA; San Francisco CA; New Orleans LA; Tilburg, Netherlands; San Diego CA; York, U.K.; Santa Barbara CA; Singapore; Birmingham, U.K.; and Stockholm, Sweden. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-687. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-688. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 118 Subject: 5.688 Qs: Pharyngeals, Ritual lang, LDOCE tags conversion, You & I Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 14:26:41 -0400 (EDT) From: rogers@epas.utoronto.ca (Henry Rogers) Subject: pharyngeals 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 01:28:17 -0500 (CDT) From: Paul Kenneth Roser Subject: Ritual languages? 3) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 22:49:09 -0400 From: Eugene J Koontz Subject: Query: conversion of LDOCE tags to Penn Treebank 4) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 22:11:17 EDT From: amr@zeus.cs.wayne.edu Subject: Re: 5.683 Qs: Australian corpora, "Me First", Electric Word, -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 14:26:41 -0400 (EDT) From: rogers@epas.utoronto.ca (Henry Rogers) Subject: pharyngeals I have a student working on the phonetics of Tigrinya pharyngeals. I would appreciate any helpful references, either to Tigrinya or to the phonetics of pharyngeals. Thanks Henry Rogers rogers@epas.utoronto.ca Dept. of Linguistics / Centre for Computing in the Humanities University of Toronto vox: 416-978-1769 Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5S 1A1 fax: 416-978-8821 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 01:28:17 -0500 (CDT) From: Paul Kenneth Roser Subject: Ritual languages? In doing some recent work on sound systems in the world's languages, I came across the now-extinct ritual language of the Lardil (Mornington Island, Australia) called Damin, which has been documented by Ken Hale. This language has a number of unusual segments, including clicks, bilabial trills, an ingressive lateral fricative, and an egressive labial click. This got me to wondering, are there any other ritual or special-use languages which have segments in their inventories which deviate from the standard language? If there is sufficient interest I will post a summary to the list. Paul Roser -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 22:49:09 -0400 From: Eugene J Koontz Subject: Query: conversion of LDOCE tags to Penn Treebank We are working with the on-line version of LDOCE (Longman's Dictionary of Contemporary English), which provides a part of speech tag for every word in the dictionary. The problem is that these tags aren't the same as those used by the Penn Treebank project, which we also are using. I am looking for an automatic method for conversion of LDOCE part of speech tags into Penn Treebank tags. Thanks, _______________________________________________________________________________ Eugene Koontz | Center for Document Analysis and ekoontz@cedar.buffalo.edu | Recognition (716) 645-2448 | 542 Baldy Hall | SUNY Buffalo, North Campus | Buffalo, NY 14260 ________________________________________|______________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 22:11:17 EDT From: amr@zeus.cs.wayne.edu Subject: Re: 5.683 Qs: Australian corpora, "Me First", Electric Word, Geoffrey Russom's query prompted the following question: Are there any languages in which 'you and I', 'he and I' is the natural order OTHER than European languages where this appears to have been quite effectively imposed by the grammarians? And one more: Does anybody know how this particular precriptive rule got strated? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-688. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-689. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 276 Subject: 5.689 The popularization of linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 94 10:45:02 EDT From: "Dorine S. Houston" Subject: Re: 5.680 The popularization of linguistics 2) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 14:21:06 -0700 From: "Gary B. Palmer" Subject: Re: 5.680 The popularization of linguistics 3) Date: Sun, 12 Jun 94 08:54:20 EST From: "George Fowler h(317)726-1482 o(812)855-2829" Subject: Popularizing linguistics 4) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 18:49:55 -0500 From: mnewman@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Michael Newman) Subject: prescriptivists 5) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 20:07:15 -0500 From: mnewman@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Michael Newman) Subject: why linguistics matters 6) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 10:42:21 -0400 (EDT) From: Karl Teeter Subject: Linguistics in the secondary school -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 94 10:45:02 EDT From: "Dorine S. Houston" Subject: Re: 5.680 The popularization of linguistics If Chris Li's argument for the validity of not teaching linguistics--or at least some introductory notions--to high school students is valid, then I'd like to suggest we drop a few more sources of pain, suffering, and poor grades from the curriculum. Let's start with math: in all my adult life I've found no use whatsoever for the blood, sweat, and tears I poured over high school math. Nothing beyond the 7th grade level is actually practical for balancing checkbooks, splitting checks, or even finding percentages of pehnomena in data. Then chemistry. What do we ever do with chemistry? Except understand our world a little better. Can't we argue that an introductory understanding of language science has at least that much value? A few years ago when I was teaching ESL in Spain, I noticed that 6th graders were getting S- and D-str. and other basic notions in their Spanish lessons. Spanish college freshman have a much better grasp of general knowledge than do their American counterparts, and know what linguistics is. I stand by my argument for linguistics in publid schools. Cheers, Dorine Houston ===========================+++++++++++++++++++=========================== | | | DORINE HOUSTON V2188G@TEMPLEVM | | TEMPLE UNIVERSITY V2188G@VM.TEMPLE.EDU | | 1420 LOCUST ST., 17-R (215) 732-0367 | | PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA | ===========================+++++++++++++++++++=========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 14:21:06 -0700 From: "Gary B. Palmer" Subject: Re: 5.680 The popularization of linguistics In reply to Chris Li's comment that "linguistics, sorry to say, isn't one of these useful things, at least not at the moment." It is true that a heavy dose of generative theory would probably have little immediate application, but many aspects of linguistic theory have immediate application in everyday situations. Basic phonological theory can help one understand why the people one encounters have foreign accents. It can help one who is learning a language to avoid a bad accent in one's own speech. An "ethnography of speaking" approach can attune one to different ethnic styles of speaking and help one to avoid needless misunderstandings and to communicate more effectively with speakers from other ethnic groups. The theory of cognitive grammar can impart, I think, a keener appreciation of how words express intended or unintended meanings. This is useful to everyone in many situations. I see no reason why these theories or principles can not be taught at the high school level. It does seem to me that linguistics is, at this very moment, one of those useful things. Gary Palmer, gbp@nevada.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sun, 12 Jun 94 08:54:20 EST From: "George Fowler h(317)726-1482 o(812)855-2829" Subject: Popularizing linguistics Interesting in the light of the recent thread on the popularization of linguistics is James K. Kilpatrick's column on language from today. (For those who don't see it in their local paper, Kilpatrick is kind of a poor man's William Safire. He's a conservative political commentator who publishes a weekly column entitled "The Writer's Art". His usual theme is common sense and direct use of English.) Today's column was headed (in the Indianapolis Star): "Wading through examples of the art of obfuscation: In the land of Bureaucratia, people speak funny". He concludes a column criticizing opaque bureaucratic use of language by quoting a "Horrid Example" from a couple of unidentified professional linguists. I'll quote the relevant section directly: The Washington Post asked two "celebrated linguists" to explain why teen-agers sprinkle "like" throughout their conversations. Said the experts: "The grammaticalization of 'like' as a quotative complementizer is a natural historical development for the spoken channel, which allows the speaker to retain the vividness of direct speech and thought while retaining the pragmatic force, but not the syntactic complexity, of the indirect mode." Isn't that, like, you know, the imbricated conceptualization of a rhetorical ideology? I think so. Now, I understand exactly what the linguists are saying, and the quotation doesn't seem particularly dreadful to me, especially in contrast to the other examples of opaque bureaucratese that Kilpatrick quotes in the column, e.g., "Based on my nationally recognized expertise in contemporary leadership roles, I have conveyed to you such concepts like the 'service management' and the inverted pyramid, and ways to view and operationalize the concepts that have been articulated, so that we can indeed 'walk our talk'", which is TRULY abominable. However, in this case two linguists, presumably talking with a Washington Post reporter, made a reasonable statement about a linguistic issue raised by popular speech, but did so in language that a lay commentator like Kilpatrick found laughably grating. This illustrates a vital point, that in order to communicate with the linguistic laity, even interested parties like Kilpatrick, it is necessary to avoid jargon entirely and express thoughts in very direct and accessible language. So anybody who sets about trying to write about genuine linguistic concepts in the popular press is bound to fail unless s/he succeeds at encapsulating the linguistic content in totally accessible language. This is easier said than done. Stephen Hawkings isn't exactly the right model, because he's aiming at the Scientific American-type of readership, which is accustomed to dealing with more sophisticated presentation of scientific concepts in unfamiliar fields. Despite his popular success (measured in terms of sales), I wonder how many non-scientists actually read his books, once bought and carried home. I think a better model would be someone like Isaac Asimov, for example, in his short essays from Fantasy & Science Fiction (republished in numerous book-length collections). He had a real knack for making science accessible without watering it down beyond recognition. True, he suffered from the monotonous formulaic structure of his essays, but the point is that he could really distinguish between the essential and inessential in jargon and terminology, and could create vivid examples to make scientific points clear to the readers on the intuitive level. George Fowler GFowler@Indiana.Edu [Email] Dept. of Slavic Languages (812) 855-2829 [office] Ballantine 502 (317) 726-1482 [home] Indiana University (812) 855-2624/-2608/-9906 [dept.] Bloomington, IN 47405 USA (812) 855-2107 [dept. fax] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 18:49:55 -0500 From: mnewman@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Michael Newman) Subject: prescriptivists Jules Levin and John Cowan are right to point out that a prescriptive approach to language (i) is an essentially different sort of endevour as linguistics, (ii) serves a social function, and (iii) that linguists have tended to misunderstand its place in the world and social coherence. However, it is also necessary to point out that prescriptive grammar, whether it belongs properly in rhetoric or not,operates on the basis of what is essentially a linguistic theory. It assumes certain facts about the nature of language. For example, prescription does not claim that SAE (or Standard Peninsular Spanish or the now emergent school-based Haitian Creole) are better for given set of functions, but that language can be described as better or worse in an absolute sense. Obviously, such a claim is both an open invitation to chauvinism as well as linguistic nonsense. Similarly, prescriptive grammar for all its filling social needs, makes specific claims about pieces of the system that are simply wrong, such as that two negatives equal a positive. It is this attempt on the part of prescriptivists to function as linguists that most drives linguists to apoplexy. Indeed, going beyond simple incoherence, some prescriptivists have gone so far as to make deep theoretical claims, as we have seen in the recent Safire's famous (on linguist list) recent Mother's Day column. More than just what Lila Gleitman remarked in her response on the list, Safire confuses deep structure with universal grammar--thus showing among other things that he didn't even bother to read the book he was critiquing. Michael Newman Dept. of Educational Theory & Practice The Ohio State University MNEWMAN@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Sat, 11 Jun 1994 20:07:15 -0500 From: mnewman@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Michael Newman) Subject: why linguistics matters There are various ways to respond to Chris Li's opposition to the inclusion of greater metalinguistic awareness in school curriculums. One would be the "why does algebra matter?" approach. In fact, as an exercise in learning, exploring one's own linguistic intuitions is something that a 13 year old can start to do far better than analyze formulas because they only to reflect. Yet I think there is a more important reason. A degree of linguistic sophistication matters a great deal because language matters a great deal. Moreover, in the absense of knowledge sometimes very damaging myths spread. These very from popular chauvinistic notions to mistaken ideas about language learning. Sometimes the two types of myths combine in ways that hurt people. Working in elementary education, I hear from my students all kinds of horror stories about schools where children are diagnosed with language deficits because, it is believed that they haven't been exposed to enough language in the home. I'll give you three guesses as to the race and socio-economic status of the families of these "langauge deficit" children. What they do with them is also easily predictable to anyone who knows how schools work: They are taken out of their classrooms for language "enrichment." What do you think the enrichers do? The answer in case you haven't figured it out by now is try to teach these kindergarteners and first graders how to talk. I kid you not. If this were simply a waste of time, it wouldn't matter, but the time they're wasting drilling and killing is time the kids could be learning in their classes, learning among other things how to use the language they learned on their own in many different ways. That is one example of damaging nature of language myths. I'm sure others can come up with different ones. In any case, a modicum of understanding of what language is composed of and how it is learned would stop a lot of this nonsense. Linguistics is emminently practical. Michael Newman Dept. of Educational Theory & Practice The Ohio State University MNEWMAN@MAGNUS.ACS.OHIO-STATE.EDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 10:42:21 -0400 (EDT) From: Karl Teeter Subject: Linguistics in the secondary school In response to Chris Li, who sees no reason for teaching linguistics in the secondary school (9,829) 5.680: Dear Chris, (1) Linguistics is not about "picking up" languages. By your arguments, there would be no point to teaching history or literature in secondary school, either, since each individual has her/his own history. (2) Linguistics IS, like it or not, about the human mind and soul, or whatever equivalent one might wish to substitute for these terms. And finally, (3) Linguistics is NOT in a state of flux. What is in a state of flux is linguistic theory, thank goodness, which gives us something to do even after graduate school -- in the 1950s when I was a grad student (B.C--before Chomsky) we worried about questions such as "Is grammar real or a linguist's artefact?" and similar boring trivialities. --Languages should be taught/learned in primary school --Linguistics should be taught in secondary school --Linguistic theory should be taught and discussed in tertiary school And finally, however we manage or fail to change the situation, THE GENERAL PUBLIC SHOULD NOT BE IGNORANT OF THE FINDINGS OF LINGUISTICS. Yours, kvt@husc4.harvard.edu=Karl V. Teeter, Professor of Linguistics, Emeritus, Harvard University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-689. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-690. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 200 Subject: 5.690 The popularization of linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 14:34 BST From: "Raphael Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: Prescriptivism 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 09:55:49 +0000 From: Helge Dyvik Subject: Re: 5.680 The popularization of linguistics 3) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 09:20:07 +0100 From: Richard Hudson UCL Subject: linguistics in schools -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 14:34 BST From: "Raphael Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: Prescriptivism Several people have recently discussed how to deal with people who are angry about what they see as declining standards of English. I'd like to throw in a few points. Firstly, we need to distinguish a reactionary prescriptivist concern about "correct grammar" from a legitimate concern about clear thinking. Sloppy thinking is widespread and needs to be exposed when it is about important issues. It's hard to pin down what makes for clear thinking, but those of us who teach are pretty good at spotting it and distinguishing it from sloppy thinking. Maybe some of the examples which prescriptivists regularly raise are linked with sloppy thinking. Secondly, prescriptivism about grammar is often linked with harking for a golden age in other respects: the days when there was no crime, men were men, decent women could walk the streets, there was a sense of community, and so forth. A wonderful book that demolishes the myth of the golden age, at least as far as crime is concerned, is Hooligan: a history of respectable fears by Geoffrey Pearson (London: Macmillan, 1983). Pearson shows how the claim that crime has got worse can be traced back at least to the beginning of the nineteenth century, and it had as little factual basis then as it does now. Thirdly, there comes a point when rational argument is pointless. As scholars who are committed to rational inquiry this is sometimes hard to accept. The recent suggestion on the List that we poke fun at prescriptivists by calling for lost inflections and pre-Great Vowel Shift vowels to be restored is a good idea. The point is that someone who gets angry about grammar is probably unhappy for a variety of good reasons. It makes sense to say: "I can see you are very angry about this. Maybe you could tell me why." You might find some common ground in this way. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 09:55:49 +0000 From: Helge Dyvik Subject: Re: 5.680 The popularization of linguistics Chris Li writes: >While the subject may be interesting to linguists, "why do we need to learn all >that abstract stuff -- nobody actually uses it" is one question I cannot >provide an answer to. Can anybody? People seem to pick up languages perfectly >without resorting to abstract analyses, and those who do resort to them don't >necessarily learn them better or faster. ... >Another concern is that the discipline at the >moment seems to be in such a state of flux -- linguists, even, hardly agree >with each other, and graduate students of linguistics often invest years >learning a theory only to have it declared invalid the moment they master it. >It would be very difficult to justify ourselves if we were to force millions of >young people to invest time in subject that teachers and students alike find >relatively useless, and then a few years later, say "sorry folk, that was >a mistake, let's try again". The presupposition underlying Li's first argument seems to be that the needs of practical language teaching are the only conceivable reason why schools should be concerned with language. In the case of most other subjects, however - physics, chemistry, biology, geography, social science, history, art, music... - they are taught because it is fairly uncontroversial that reasonably enlightened people ought to be familiar with some (current) insights about their physical and cultural environment. I need not expound on the importance of language in human affairs on the Linguist List - so why should language be an exception? As the enlightened public is expected to know the chemical composition of soap, or the concept of an elementary particle, why shouldn't they also be expected to know something about what a tone language is, or an isolating language? Why is it unreasonable to expect pupils to understand a little of the concept of case, to learn that there are alternatives to the case systems that can be pointed out to them in familiar languages, and perhaps even make the brighter of them wonder about ergative systems? Why not learn about different ways of forming wh-questions than the English one, without 'movement', and thus learn to see familiar things with fresh eyes? Why is it OK for the enlightened public to be ignorant about the ways languages vary socially, or the way the structure of their own language has changed through the centuries, or the way children acquire language? Etc. etc. Don't tell me that this is more difficult than the other subjects they are expected to study. Don't tell me that they will necessarily find it hopelessly dry and abstract. Who cannot give examples of pupils or laypersons who have stumbled across a good book or article on linguistic matters, found it fascinating, and wondered why this sort of thing was never mentioned in school? (In my own case, long ago, the book was Otto Jespersen's The Philosophy of Grammar.) Li's second argument about linguistics being in a state of flux carries with it another presupposition: that conveying some insights from linguistics is more a question of teaching about linguistic theories than a question of teaching about language. But even though our knowledge as linguists about linguistic theories may need frequent revisions, much of our knowledge about language is relatively stable, I think we may safely say. (There is an interesting epistemological point lurking here, but that belongs in a different discussion.) Undoubtedly many linguistic insights can be conveyed without getting bogged down in details about government/binding, minimalism, unification or lambda abstraction. The basic problem is the prescriptivist tradition. Grammar, to the extent that it is taught at all, is a subject that is taught in the imperative, so to speak. Much would be gained if teachers could be convinced and enabled to approach grammar in an experimental way, letting their students discover, frequently with surprise, the structure of what they already know about wellformedness and shades of meaning - in short, letting them realize that there is a complicated phenomenon here that it is possible to be curious about, and, furthermore, one with data a lot more accessible to the general high school student than the data of particle physics. This works well in undergraduate courses - why shouldn't it work in school? Helge Dyvik ===================================================================== Helge Dyvik Department of Linguistics and Phonetics University of Bergen Phone: +47 55 212261 Sydnesplass 9 Fax: +47 55 231897 N-5007 Bergen, Norway E-mail: dyvik@foli.uib.no ===================================================================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 94 09:20:07 +0100 From: Richard Hudson UCL Subject: linguistics in schools Chris Li thinks linguistics is unsuitable for schools, on various grounds: - Linguistics is too abstract. Depends what you mean by linguistics, but there's certainly no reason to identify it with purely theoretical linguistics. Learning to transcribe phonetically, or to segment words into roots and endings, or even to pick out main verbs, isn't particularly abstract. You could equally well argue that science is unsuitable for schools because it's too abstract and theoretical. I recently wrote a book in which I found suitable `linguisticky' things for every year from 7 up (`Teaching Grammar', Blackwell, 1992). - Linguistics is useless That's not how a lot of school-teachers see linguistics. I was recently at a large conference of English teachers (the Commission of Inquiry into English teaching, run by the Times Education Supplement and the British Film Institute) where no linguists spoke but everyone who mentioned it agreed that it would be very useful both to the teachers and to the students - e.g. to be able to talk about the syntax of different passages, or to be able to discuss discourse structures properly, or to be able to explain rules for spelling and punctuation. None of these things can be done without use of linguistic terminology. - Linguists can't agree among themselves. Not so. I compiled a list of 83 points on which I found about 50 of my colleagues (in UK) agreed (`Some issues on which linguists can agree', JL 17, 1981, 333-344). When we're talking about school-level linguistics, most of the things we disagree about are out of sight. Dick Hudson Dept of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT (071) 387 7050 ext 3152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-690. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-691. Tue 14 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 115 Subject: 5.691 FYI: TOC - HEL 16-I, Internet virus Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 11:43:48 +0100 From: Jean-Luc.Chevillard@linguist.jussieu.fr (Jean-Luc Chevillard) Subject: TOC: HEL 16-I (Special Peirce) 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 11:56:55 -0500 (CDT) From: Cherilyn Young Subject: Internet virus (fwd) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 11:43:48 +0100 From: Jean-Luc.Chevillard@linguist.jussieu.fr (Jean-Luc Chevillard) Subject: TOC: HEL 16-I (Special Peirce) HISTOIRE EPISTEMOLOGIE LANGAGE Sylvain Auroux, Editeur -- Published By Presses Universitaires de Vincennes ISSN 0750-8069, Single issue: 125 FF, Edited by the SHESL. Tome 16, fascicule I, 1994 Contents: C. Chauvire Avant-propos S. Haack How the Critical Common-sensist Sees Things L. Haaparanta Charles Peirce and the Drawings of the Mind C. Hookway Iconicity and Logical Form F. Nef Temps, indetermination et modalite, a propos de la doctrine peircienne du futur C. Tiercelin Entre grammaire speculative et logique terministe: la recherche peircienne d'un nouveau modele de la signification et du mental P. Thibaud La notion peircienne de metaphore C. Chauvire Logique et grammaire pure. Propositions, sujets et predicats chez Peirce. The aims and scope, instructions for authors, and ordering information for this journal, as well as a complete listing of past issues are available via our anonymous ftp server at ftp.linguist.jussieu.fr in the directory Linguist/URA381 For any information, please send E-Mail to hel@linguist.jussieu.fr -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 13 Jun 1994 11:56:55 -0500 (CDT) From: Cherilyn Young Subject: Internet virus (fwd) ------------------------------------------------------------------ A Virus has been discovered on Internet that is disguised as CD-ROM shareware. Unknown hackers have illegally put the Chinon name on a destructive shareware file and released it on the Internet. This catastrophic virus is named "CD-IT". -- DO NOT DOWNLOAD. IT WILL CORRUPT YOUR HARD DRIVE. The program, allegedly a shareware PC utility that will convert an ordinary CD-ROM drive into a CD-Recordable (CD-R) device, which is technically impossible, instead destroys critical system files on a user's hard drive. The program also immediately crashes the CPU, forces the user to reboot and stays in memory. Widest dissemination is requested. --- Dr. Juan Carlos Garelli E-mail: gare@psy1.satlink.net Attachment Research Center Fax : +54-1-812-5432 Juncal 1966 - 6 B Tel. : +54-1-812-5521 (1116) Buenos Aires - ARGENTINA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReplyTo: linguist@tamsun.tamu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-692. Wed 15 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 205 Subject: 5.692 Calls: EACL-95 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 14:53:58 +0100 From: Allan Ramsay Subject: EACL-95 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 14:53:58 +0100 From: Allan Ramsay Subject: EACL-95 EACL-95 CALL FOR PAPERS 7th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics March 27--29, 1995 University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin, Ireland Topics of Interest: Papers are invited on substantial, original, and unpublished research on all aspects of computational linguistics, including, but not limited to, pragmatics, discourse, semantics, syntax, and the lexicon; phonetics, phonology, and morphology; interpreting and generating spoken and written language; linguistic, mathematical, and psychological models of language; language-oriented information retrieval; corpus-based language modeling; machine translation and translation aids; natural language interfaces and dialogue systems; message and narrative understanding systems; and theoretical and applications papers of every kind. Requirements: Papers should describe unique work; they should emphasize completed work rather than intended work; and they should indicate clearly the state of completion of the reported results. A paper accepted for presentation at the EACL Meeting cannot be presented or have been presented at any other meeting with publicly available published proceedings. Papers that are being submitted to other conferences must reflect this fact on the title page. Format for Submission: Authors should submit preliminary versions of their papers, not to exceed 3200 words (exclusive of references). Papers outside the specified length and formatting requirements are subject to rejection without review. Papers should be headed by a title page containing the paper title, a short (5 line) summary and a specification of the subject area. Since reviewing will be "blind", the title page of the paper should omit author names and addresses. Furthermore, self-references that reveal the authors' identity (e.g., "We previously showed (Smith, 1991) ...") should be avoided. Instead, use references like "Smith previously showed (1991) ..." Care should be taken to mask identity in the bibliography by referring to the author's own papers as anonymous. This is especially applicable of unpublished in-house technical reports which are certain to reveal the identity of the author(s). To identify each paper, a separate identification page should be supplied, containing the paper's title, the name(s) of the author(s), complete addresses, a short (5 line) summary, a word count, and a specification of the topic areas. Submission Media: Papers should be submitted electronically or in hard copy to the Program Chair: Erhard W. Hinrichs Universitaet Tuebingen Seminar fuer Sprachwissenschaft Abt. Computerlinguistik Kleine Wilhelmstr. 113 D-72074 Tuebingen, Germany email: eacl95@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de phone: +49--7071-294279 Electronic submissions should be either self-contained LaTeX source or plain text. LaTeX submissions must use the ACL submission style (aclsub.sty) retrievable from the ACL LISTSERV server (access to which is described below) and should not refer to any external files or styles except for the standard styles for TeX 3.14 and LaTeX 2.09. A model submission modelsub.tex is also provided in the archive, as well as a bibliography style acl.bst. (Note however that the bibliography for a submission cannot be submitted as separate .bib file; the actual bibliography entries must be inserted in the submitted LaTeX source file.) Hard copy submissions should consist of four (4) copies of the paper and one (1) copy of the identification page. For both kinds of submissions, if at all possible, a plain text version of the identification page should be sent separately by electronic mail, using the following format: title: < title > author: < name of first author > address: < address of first author > ... author: < name of last author > address: < address of last author > abstract: < abstract > content areas: first area >, ... ,< last area > word count: Schedule: Authors must submit their papers by October 20, 1994. Papers received after this date will not be considered. Notification of receipt will be mailed to the first author (or designated author) soon after receipt. Authors will be notified of acceptance by December 23rd 1994. Camera-ready copies of final papers prepared in a double-column format, preferably using a laser printer, must be received by 31 January 1995, along with a signed copyright release statement. The ACL LaTeX proceedings format is available through the ACL LISTSERV. Other Activities: The meeting will include a program of tutorials coordinated by John Nerbonne, Alfa-informatica, Oude Kijk in 't Jatstraat 26, Postbus 716, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, NL-9700 AS Groningen; email: nerbonne@let.rug.nl. Some of the ACL Special Interest Groups may arrange workshops or other activities. Further information may be available from the ACL LISTSERV. Conference Information: The Local Arrangements Committee is chaired by: Allan Ramsay, Department of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (phone: (353)-1-7062479, FAX: (353)-1-2687262, email: allan@monkey.ucd.ie) ACL Information: For other information on the ACL more generally, contact Judith Klavans (global) or Mike Rosner (for Europe): Judith Klavans, Columbia University, Computer Science, Room 724, New York, NY 10027, USA; phone: +1-212-939-7120, fax: +1-914-478-1802; email:acl@cs.columbia.edu; Michael Rosner, IDSIA, Corso Elvezia 36, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland, email: mike@idsia.uu.ch. General information about the ACL AND electronic membership and order forms are available from the ACL LISTSERV. Information on the ACL is also available through www URL http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~acl/home.html Participants from Eastern Europe: There may be subsidies to enable participants from Eastern Europe to attend the conference. Contact Allan Ramsay at the address above for more information. ACL Listserv: LISTSERV is a facility to allow access to an electronic document archive by electronic mail. The ACL LISTSERV has been set up at Columbia University's Department of Computer Science. Requests from the archive should be sent as e-mail messages to listserver@cs.columbia.edu with an empty subject field and the message body containing the request command. The most useful requests are "help" for general help on using LISTSERV, "index acl-l" for the current contents of the ACL archive and "get acl-l " to get a particular file named from the archive. For example, to get an ACL membership form, a message with the following body should be sent: get acl-l membership-form.txt Answers to requests are returned by e-mail. Since the server may have many requests for different archives to process, requests are queued up and may take a while (say, overnight) to be fulfilled. The ACL archive can also be accessed by anonymous FTP. Here is an example of how to get the same file by FTP (user type-in is in bold): $ ftp ftp.cs.columbia.edu Name (cs.columbia.edu:pereira): anonymous Password: pereira@research.att.com << not echoed ftp > cd acl-l/Information ftp > get 94.membership.form.Z ftp > quit $ uncompress 94membership.form.Z -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-692. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-693. Wed 15 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 125 Subject: 5.693 Qs: Small caps, Latin vowels, Tibetan/Nepali/Newari, Dynavox Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 19:10:46 +0900 From: Narahiko Inoue Subject: query: small caps in literary texts 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 09:08:01 -0500 (CDT) From: d-m-berkley@nwu.edu (Deborah Milam Berkley) Subject: query: Latin vowel quantity 3) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 10:24 CDT From: Beth Lee Simon Subject: Query: passive, or lack of, in Tibetan, Nepali, Newari 4) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 12:10:38 -0400 (EDT) From: gb661@csc.albany.edu Subject: Dynavox -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 19:10:46 +0900 From: Narahiko Inoue Subject: query: small caps in literary texts Dear Linguists: Is there a general rule in the use of small caps in literary texts such as poems and novels? If it's for emphasis, what's the difference from italics? These questions were prompted by one of the students here who was reading Coleridge's "The Rime of The Ancient Mariner" and found the words like "Albatross" and "Life-in-Death" in small caps. I would appreciate both the explanation of this particular problem and any lead to information about typographical devices in literary or other texts. Thank you in advance. Narahiko Inoue Associate Professor 729 Akama, Munakata, 811-41 JAPAN Department of Foreign Languages Phone: +81-940-35-1320 (office) Fukuoka University of Education +81-940-32-8319 (home) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 09:08:01 -0500 (CDT) From: d-m-berkley@nwu.edu (Deborah Milam Berkley) Subject: query: Latin vowel quantity I'm trying to find out if vowel quantity in classical Latin was lexically contrastive, or predictable in some way. Can anyone tell me and/or give me references on this? Thanks very much. Deborah Milam Berkley Northwestern d-m-berkley@nwu.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 10:24 CDT From: Beth Lee Simon Subject: Query: passive, or lack of, in Tibetan, Nepali, Newari I am interested in hearing from anyone with references for the passive, or lack of, in Tibetan, Nepali, or Newari. Thanks, Beth Simon blsimon@macc.wisc.edu I'll post a summary or bib list if there is interest. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 12:10:38 -0400 (EDT) From: gb661@csc.albany.edu Subject: Dynavox I have a colleague (not currently on e-mail) who has a 30-month old daughter with cerebral palsy which severely limits her ability to speak (English) or sign (ASL). Her comprehension of both, however, seems to be excellent, and she is cognitively unimpaired. Her parents are now using an augmentative communication device called Dynavox, which operates via a touch screen to produce language. They would be interested in communicating with anyone who has experience with Dynavox or other augmentative communication devices, especially with preliterate toddlers. Please contact me and I will pass any information on to her. Thanks, ****************************************************************************** Aaron Broadwell | `To anyone who finds that grammar is a Dept. of Anthropology | worthless finicking with trifles, I Dept. of Linguistics and | would reply that life consists of Cognitive Science | little things; the important matter is Albany, NY 12222 | to see them largely' -- Jespersen, 1925 gb661@.csc.albany.edu | ****************************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-693. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-694. Wed 15 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 201 Subject: 5.694 Confs: Applications of Logic Conference, Professional Conference Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 12:00:53 +0000 From: D Adger Subject: Applications of Logic Conference 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 12:05:18 -0700 (PDT) From: williams@crl.ucsd.edu (Mark Williams) Subject: Professional Conference Announcement -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 12:00:53 +0000 From: D Adger Subject: Applications of Logic Conference ================================================================ Institute for Mathematics and its Applications Conference on APPLICATIONS OF LOGIC The University of York, England Monday 27--Wednesday 29 March 1995 logic n. 1. a. the science of reasoning, proof, thinking or inference. ... application n. ... 3. a. relevance. b. the use to which something can or should be put. ... ---Concise Oxford Dictionary, 8th edition. SCOPE The Institute for Mathematics and its Applications is the professional body for mathematicians in the U.K. As part of its programme to promote the application of all branches of mathematics it is organising a conference on the applications of mathematical logic. Papers are solicited on any aspect of the application of logic to any domain of discourse. Domains of discourse include, but are not limited to: Automatic Reasoning; Cognitive Science; Computer Science; Legal Reasoning; Linguistics; Machine Learning; Medical Practice; and Planning and Modelling. Papers in fields not in this list are also welcome. Contributions are welcome from domain experts who have applied logic to their own domain as well as from logicians. PUBLICATION Papers accepted for the conference will be distributed at the conference. Selected papers, revised in the light of the conference, will be formally published in an official proceedings after a further review. SUBMISSION PROCEDURE Send eight (8) copies of an extended abstract (between two (2) and three (3) sides of A4, or similar), of your paper to: Pamela Irving, The Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, 16 Nelson Street, SOUTHEND-ON-SEA, SS1~1EF, England, marked ``Applications of Logic''. DATES Submission of extended abstract: Friday, 16 December 1994 Notification of acceptance: Friday, 3 February 1995 Full (draft) paper: Friday, 3 March 1995 PROGRAM COMMITTEE David Adger (York, UK) Pierre Bieber (CERT-ONERA, France) Jeremy Jacob (York, UK) William Farmer (MITRE, USA) Joshua Guttman (MITRE, USA) Craig MacNish (York, UK) Luis Moniz Pereira (Lisboa, Portugal) David Pym (Birmingham, UK) Lincoln Wallen (Oxford, UK) ===================================================================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 12:05:18 -0700 (PDT) From: williams@crl.ucsd.edu (Mark Williams) Subject: Professional Conference Announcement PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE Sixth National/International Conference of the Williams Syndrome Association BUILDING BRIDGES ACROSS DISCIPLINES: COGNITION TO GENE University of California, San Diego July 26-28, 1994 Williams syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder involving characteristic facial appearance and heart defect, and displaying startling dissociations between and within domains of higher cognitive functioning. Recent breakthroughs focusing on Williams syndrome in Medical Genetics (implicating chromosome 7), Cognitive Neuropsychology, and Brain Mapping make this an opportune time to disseminate the new knowledge and its implications. The Conference is hosted jointly by the Williams Syndrome Association, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and UCSD School of Medicine. TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 26, 1994 Welcoming Remarks: Dr. Renato Dulbecco, Nobel Laureate, The Salk Institute Overview: Drs. Colleen Morris and Ursula Bellugi, Co-Organizers Poster Sessions and Reception WEDNESDAY, JULY 27, 1994 o Williams Syndrome: A Window to the Architecture of Mind and Brain Ursula Bellugi, Ed.D., Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute Carolyn Mervis, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Emory University Jacqueline Bertrand, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Emory University Virginia Volterra, Ph.D., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome o Dissociations in Higher Cognitive Functions in Williams Syndrome Susan Carey, Ph.D., Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT Michael Rossen, Ph.D., Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Ph.D., MRC Cognitive Development Unit, London Helen Tager-Flusberg, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Univ. of Massachusetts o New Methods of Brain Imaging: The Neural Basis of Williams Syndrome Helen Neville, Ph.D., Laboratory for Neuropsychology, UCSD Albert Galaburda, M.D., Neurology Unit, Harvard Medical School Terry Jernigan, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, UCSD Eric Courchesne, Ph.D., Neuropsychology Research Lab, Children's Hospital, SD Barbara Pober, M.D., Department of Genetics, Yale University Paul Wang, M.D., Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute THURSDAY, JULY 28, 1994 o Medical Complications, Latest Diagnostic Techniques, and Treatments Greg Ensing, M.D., Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Indiana University Ronald Lacro, M.D., Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Boston Kenneth Lee Jones, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, UCSD Lynne Bird, M.D., Genetics and Dysmorphology, Children's Hospital, San Diego Paige Kaplan, M.D., Clinical Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Philadelphia Barbara Pober, M.D., Department of Genetics, Yale University Seth Schulman, M.D., Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Philadelphia o The Molecular Genetics of Williams Syndrome Colleen Morris, M.D., Medical Genetics and Dysmorphology, University of Nevada Mark Keating, M.D., Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah Frank Greenberg, M.D., Molecular & Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital Robert Mecham, Ph.D., Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine o Unusual Personality and Temperament in Williams Syndrome Paul Ekman, Ph.D., Langley Porter Neuropsychological Institute, UCSF Judy Reilly, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, San Diego State University Jo-Anne Finnegan, Ph.D., Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Karen Levine, Ph.D., Children's Hospital, Boston o Implications for Clinicians, Educators, and Parents Paul Wang, M.D., Eleanor Semel, Ed.D.; Martin Levinson, M.D.; Colleen Morris, M.D.; Karen Levine, Ph.D.; Joseph Vaal, Ph.D.; Abraham Rothman, M.D. o Posters on display throughout sessions; Program subject to change Continuing Medical Education credits through UCSD School of Medicine Continuing Education Units through American Speech/Language/Hearing Association ________________________________________________________________________________ To receive a registration packet, send full identifying information: Name, Institution and Department, Complete Address, Zip Code, and Phone Number to: WSA Professional Conference UCSD Conference Services 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept. 0513 La Jolla, CA 92093-0513 Phone: (619) 534-4220 Fax: (619) 534-2042 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-694. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-695. Wed 15 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 135 Subject: 5.695 Sum: Order of conjuncts, Addendum to ape language summary Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 13:08 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Sum: Order of conjuncts 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 00:17:07 -0500 From: Michael Kac Subject: Addendum to Summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 13:08 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: Sum: Order of conjuncts Once again LINGUISTs come through. Last week I asked for references on what determines the order of items in conjunctions (e.g. "peanut butter and jelly", but ?"jelly and peanut butter"). I said I had the Cooper and Ross paper (included in the list below) but nothing more recent. Thanks to Kon Kuiper, Carol Miller, Rich Hilliard, Loren Allen Billings, Mel Resnick, Mihoko Kubota, Ton van der Wouden, Raphael Salkie, Bill Rapaport, Kay Bock, Maryellen MacDonald, Steve Pinker, and Grev Corbett. The references they suggested are given below. Also Mel Resnick remarks: Thanks for asking about this. The topic is of interest to me on a cross- linguistic basis, viz.: ENGLISH SPANISH ------- ------- black and white blanco y negro from head to toe de pie a cabeza REFERENCES Allan, Keith. 1987. [no title given]. Journal of Linguistics vol 23 no. 1. Cooper, William E. and John Robert Ross. 1975. World Order. R.E. Grossman, L.J. San, & T.J. Vance, eds., Papers from the Parasession on Functionalism, Chicago Linguistic Society, 63-111. Everaert, Martin 1993. Vaste verbindingen (in woordenboeken). Spektator 22, 3--27. [Dutch] Geeraerts, Dirk 1989. Types of meaning in idioms. In Proceedings of the first Tilburg workshop on idioms, ed. by Martin Everaert and Erik-Jan van der Linden. Tilburg: ITK. Gil, David. 1987. "On the scope of grammatical theory" in S. Modgil & C. Modgil (eds), Noam Chomsky: Consensus & Controversy. Philadelphia and Falmer, UK: Falmer Press, pp. 119-141. This paper refers to an earlier paper by Gil in Hopper & Thompson, eds, Syntax & Semantics 15, Studies on Transitivity. Kelly, M., Bock, J.K., and Keil, F. (1986). Prototypicality in a linguistic context: Effects on sentence structure. _Journal of Memory and Language_ 25: 59-74. Kuiper, Kon, [?] Koenraad and Paddy Austin 1988. Constraints on coordinated idioms. Te Reo [the journal of the NZ Linguistic Society] 31: 3-17. Malkiel, Yakov. 1959. Studies in irreversible binomials. Lingua 8, 113-- 60. Repr. in Essays on linguistic themes, Oxford, Basil Blackwell,1968, 311- -55. McDonald, J.L., Bock,K. & Kelly, M.H. (1993). Word and world order: Semantic, phonological, and metrical determinats of serial position. _Cognitive Psychology_ vol 25, 188-230. (The reference list in this paper cites a lot of work, experimental and otherwise, on order in conjuncts, frozen and otherwise.) Pinker, Steven and David Birdsong. (1979). Speakers' sensitivity to rules of frozen word order. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 497- 508. Pinker, Steven. 1994. The Language Instinct. William Morrow; see pp. 166- 170. Urtz, Bernadette (ABD at Harvard in Slavic linguistics, but lives in Ithaca) may have a working paper on this subject in a colloquium papers volume edited by Olga Yokoyama (her adviser). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 00:17:07 -0500 From: Michael Kac Subject: Addendum to Summary In my summary of responses to my query regarding the ape language controversy, I neglected to include the following references (communicated by John O'Neil). Neisser, A. (1983) _The_Other_Side_of_Silence_ New York:Knopf. Petitto, L.A. (1988) "``Language'' in the prelinguistic child". In F. Kessel, ed., _The_Development_of_Language_and_of_Language_Researchers_ Erlbaum. Pinker, S. & P. Bloom (1990) "Natural language and natural selection" _Behavioral_and Brain_Sciences_ 13:707. - & M.S. Seidenberg (1979) "On the evidence for linguistic abilities in signing apes" _Brain_and_Language_ 8:162. Seidenberg, M.S. (1986) "Evidence from the great apes concerning the biological bases of language." In W. Demopoulos and A. Marras, eds., _Language_Learning_and_Concept_Acquisition_. - & Petitto, L.A. (1979) "Signing behaviour in apes: a critical review" _Cognition_ 7:177. - (1987) "Communication, symbolic communication, and language" _Journal_of_Experimental_Psychology_ 116:279. Terrace, H.S., L.A. Pettito, R.J. Sanders & T.G. Bever (1979) "Can an ape create a sentence?" _Science_ 206:891. Michael Kac -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-695. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-696. Thu 16 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 231 Subject: 5.696 Sum: Language in S. Africa Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 14:45:00 CDT From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Summary of Language in S. Africa -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 14:45:00 CDT From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Summary of Language in S. Africa A while back I posted a query about information on language planning in South Africa. I received a number of responses, including several from our fellow linguists who are themselves _in situ_. I am particularly indebted to Prof. Wannie Carstens of Potchefstroomse Universiteit who generously sent a packet of materials regarding the issue. Included in the packet was a true gem of a document entitled "South Africa's New Language Policy: The Facts." Copies can be secured by writing: Director-General Dept of National Education Private Bag X122 Pretoria, 0001 I'd encourage any interested parties to write for one; doing so may let the Director-General know that we, too, are interested in the topic. (I suppose I suggest this at the risk of angering the D-G, who may not be ready for an onslaught of international inquiries.) I also received info on a few books: PRINSLOO, Karel, Yvo PEETERS, Joseph TURI & Christo van RENSBURG (eds.), 199?, _Language, Law and Equality_ SWANPOEL, P H, and H J PIETERSE (eds.), Perspectives on Language Planning for South Africa_ / _Perspektiewe op Taalbeplanning vi Suid-Afrika_ These are available from the UNISA Press, PO Box 392, Pretoria, 0001. Other pieces of info from specific linguist subscribers follows. ENJOY. --David Silva ************************************************************************ From: Roy Dace From: Roy Dace To the best of my knowledge language policy has not yet been finalized, although consensus seems to be that English will be the *lingua franca* and that indigenous languages and Afrikaans will be regional official languages. Two influential bodies working in the area are the National Language Project and the National Education Policy Initiative. As far as language education policy is concerned two important papers are: Heugh K (1990) Language Policy and Education. Language Projects Review 5,3 Luckett K (1992) National Additive Bilingualism: towards a new language policy for South African schools. Paper delivered at the English Language Education Trust Conference =========================================================================== From: Luanga KASANGA From: Luanga KASANGA Probably due to the bias created by the infamous policy of `separate develop- ment', there seems to be very little information about the possible link between the Soweto riots and language policies. However, you may want to read an article by N. Peirce (1989), published in TESOL QUARTERLY, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 401-420, under the title "Toward a Pedagogy of Possibility in the Teaching of English Internationally: People's English in South Africa." The author mentions the riots (pp. 409ff) and tries to put them in perspective. When the article appeared, she was working toward a PhD at OISE, Ontario, in Canada. OISE might be able to put you in touch with her should you wish to communicate with her. Or has she returned to South Africa? Prior to undertaking her doctoral work, she had taught at the University of the Witwatersrand, in Johannesburg, in the heat of the `language battle'. Another source, `old' though it may appear, you could consult is a volume published by Oxford University Press in Cape Town, South Africa (1978), under the title LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION STUDIES IN SOUTH AFRICA. CURRENT ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH AND INQUIRY (eds. L.W. Lanhman & K.P. Prinsloo). Prinsloo, one of the editors, was then Head of the Division of Socio- linguistics of the Human Sciences Research Council, the major funding body for linguistic research and inquiry in South Africa. At the end of his contribu- tion (pp. 53-66), under the title "Institutions presently conducting Research and Inquiry in the field of Language in South Africa", he lists major insti- tutions then involved in language-related research in South Africa. The address you might consider using to get in touch is: The Head, Division for Sociolinguistics, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria 0001, S. Africa. (E-mail facilities & addresses then were a rarity, if not non-existent). I am giving you all this information to enable you to get a copy of either Prinsloo's article (and the addresses of institutions you can contact) through inter-library loan (if your institution happens not to have the volume in stock) or to try to contact him or anyone else. You may perhaps find more useful for your needs a fairly recent article by Vic Webb (1993/4), entitled "Language Policy and Planning in South Africa", published in ANNUAL REVIEW OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, vol. 14, 1993/1994, pp. 254-273. There is quite a good deal you could utilize for your teaching. In addition, the author gives an annotated bibliography and an unannotated one. =========================================================================== From: HENDRAP@alpha.unisa.ac.za From: HENDRAP@alpha.unisa.ac.za My Bibliography on language planning contains 120 pages of sources. My article in Language problems and language planning 16, 2 (1992): 105-136 will give you some idea of the more recent history of language planning in South Africa. The bibliography of that article will help you further. Young 1987 is good and contains an article on the Soweto uprising but difficult to get hold of. I'm now off to a conference on language planning and will be able to send more info on June 1. There is still some uncertainty about the causes of the Soweto uprising of 1986 - language impositions seems to have been one of the important causes. The (white) minister of education imposed Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in certain subjects in black schools in which English was the main medium of instruction. In urban black schools Afrikaans was already a language that was not well known thus placing teachers and pupils before an impossible task. The new constitution of the Republic of South Africa contains several clauses on language: article 3. (1) identifies eleven official languages, but article 3. (2) specifies that "rights relating to language and the status of languages existing at the commencement of this Constitution shall not be diminished." This is obviously aimed at protecting the position of Afrikaans but also of the black languages (who were all official languages in the so-called homelands) under the apartheid system. Article 3. (10)(a) provides for the "establishment of an independent Pan South African Language board to promote respect respect ... and to further the development of the official South African languages." The conference that I'm going to tomorrow is on this language board. Language planning has alwways been a big issue here. I'll come back to you after the conference. I would be very interested in the syllabus of your course. We do a bit of language planning in the under-graduate as well in the post-graduate courses. You can reach me on the address of prof. Hendrikse at the beginning of this letter. August D. de V. Cluver Department of Linguistics University of South Africa. =========================================================================== From: CLUVEADD@alpha.unisa.ac.za From: CLUVEADD@alpha.unisa.ac.za Here are a few sources on South Africa: Alexander, N. 1989 Language policy and national unity in South Africa/Azania. Cape Town: Buchu Books. Alexander, N. 1990 Critical choices for South Africa/Azania. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Alexander's main contribution is that we should attempt to unify the major Bantu languages in the country: thus Zulu and Xhosa could be unified into Standard Nguni while Southern and Northern Sotho could be unified into Standard Sotho. He does not go into the sort of detail that one would like to see, namely how different phonological systems would be unified. He also ignores the major problems facing such an enterprise: - language attitudes (the Zulus and the Xhosas belong to two different political parties and the rivalry between these parties has been a major cause for the frightening levels of violence in the country) - it seems unlikely that members of these groups will support a unified language); - the advanced stage of language development in the country. All the affected languages have been fully standardised, have grammar books, dictionaries, school books, newspapers and a fast developing literature. Angogo, R. 1978 "Language and politics in South Africa." In: Studies in African linguistics 9, 2: 211-221. An example of uninformed politically inspired misrepresentation of the situation. She was severely reprimanded by: Stoops, Y. 1979 "The Afrikaner and his language." In: Studies in African linguistics 10, 3: 313-316. Hang on, this is going to be a never-ending letter, I'll have to be more selective - books only: Brooks, A. and J. Brickhill 1980 Whirlwind before the storm: the origins and development of the uprising in Soweto and the rest of South Africa from June - December 1976. London: International Defence Ais Fund for South Africa. Crawhall, N.T. (ed.) 1992 Democratically speaking: international perspectives on language planning. Salt River: National Language Project. Crawhall, N.T. 1993 Negotiations and language policy options in South Africa. The National Language Project Report to the National Education Policy Investigation Sub-committee on articulating language policy. Salt River: National Language Project. Kloss, H. 19778 Problems of language policy in South Africa. Vienna: Wilhem Braunm?ller. Lanham, L.W. and K.P. Prinsloo (eds.) Language and communication studies in South Africa. Current issues and directions in research and inquiry. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Msimang, C.T. 1992 Afrivan language and language planning in South Africa. (The Nhlapo-Alexander notion of harmonisation revisted). Inaugural address 20 August 1992. Pretoria: Bard Publishers. Young, D. (ed.) 1987 Language planning and medium in education. Cape Town: The Language Education Unit, University of Cape Town and SAALA. There is no shortage of articles. The debate has to a large extent focussed on Afrikaans and only now are a few articles appearing on the African languages. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-696. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-697. Thu 16 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 159 Subject: 5.697 Confs: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 09:09:48 BST From: Nicolas Nicolov Subject: CompLing Summer School -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 94 09:09:48 BST From: Nicolas Nicolov Subject: CompLing Summer School *PLEASE POST* First Announcement International Summer School "CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS" ____________________________________________________________________ 1 - 6 Sept 1994 Tuzlata, Black Sea Coast, BULGARIA UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF: European Association for Machine Translation and ECCAI-European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence DATES: 1 - 6 Sept 1994, (arrival 31 Aug, departure 7 Sep) LOCATION: Bulgaria, Black Sea Coast, Tuzlata, SBA Motel (60km to the north of Varna, 10km to the north of Balchik). The motel is 30m from the beach and has been chosen to allow for a creative environment. It has a lecture hall, two restaurants, one bar, two swimming pools. PROGRAMME: TUTORIALS: Margaret King (ISSCO, University of Geneva, Switzerland) Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems Sergei Nirenburg (Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA) Latest Developments in Machine Translation Pieter Seuren (University of Nijmegen, Netherlands) Introduction to Semantic Syntax Michael Zock (LIMSI - CNRS, Paris, France) The meanings in the language, in the world, in our minds Wolfgang Wahlster (DFKI, Saarbruecken, Germany) Multilingual Natural Language Interfaces Harold Somers (CCL, UMIST, Manchester, UK) Introduction to Machine Translation Rodolfo Delmonte (University of Venice, Italy) Discourse Structure and Reference resolution Zaharin Yusoff (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia) Machine-Aided Translation SHORT COURSES: Manfred Kudlek (University of Hamburg, Germany) Models for Time, Tense and Aspect in Natural Languages Carlos Martin-Vide (Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain) Mathematical Linguistics: Its relevance for Computational Linguistics and Cognitive Science Benjamin T'sou (City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, Hong Kong) Automatic Abstraction Ruslan Mitkov (IAI, Saarbruecken, Germany) Anaphora resolution in Machine Translation Dan Cristea (University "Al. I. Cuza" of Iasi, Romania) How to synthesize words: the problem of multilingual word-form generation COSTS: REGISTRATION FEE: USD 460 industrial participants USD 350 academic participants USD 280 students The registration fee covers attendance at the lectures, materials, accommodation, meals, reception, and coffee breaks. TRAVELLING: The nearest airport to the location of the summer school is Varna. Varna can be reached from the capital (Sofia) by plane, train or bus. Another close international airport is Bourgas (south coast). Foreign nationals might need a valid entry permit (visa). ORGANISERS: R.Mitkov Institute of Mathematics BULGARIA M.Zock LIMSI, Orsay FRANCE M.Kudlek University of Hamburg GERMANY N.Nikolov Incoma-TD Co, Ltd, Shumen BULGARIA FURTHER INFORMATION: People wishing to participate should contact one of the people mentioned below. Please use the attached registration form. Ruslan Mitkov E-mail: ruslan@iai.uni-sb.de Nicolas Nicolov E-mail: nicolas@aisb.edinburgh.ac.uk Nikolai Nikolov E-mail: nikolov@incoma-td.bg Tel: +359-54 56948 Fax: +359-54 56881 REGISTRATION REPLY FORM: International Summer School "CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS" Name: (Last)_________________________ (First)_______________________ Affiliation:________________________________________________________ Address:____________________________________________________________ Country:_____________________________ Phone:_______________________________ Fax :_______________________________ Email:_______________________________ * Mail Registration Reply Form to: Mr. Nikolai Nikolov P.O. Box 20, Incoma, 9700 Shumen BULGARIA *PLEASE POST* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-697. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-698. Thu 16 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 125 Subject: 5.698 Confs: PARTS & WHOLES - PART-WHOLE RELATIONS & FORMAL MEREOLOGY Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 19:21:46 +0100 From: vieu@irit.irit.fr (Laure Vieu) Subject: ECAI WS on Parts and Wholes Programme -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 19:21:46 +0100 From: vieu@irit.irit.fr (Laure Vieu) Subject: ECAI WS on Parts and Wholes Programme Please post ** Please post ** Please post ** Please post ** Please post ************************************************************************** Announcement - Preliminary Programme ECAI Workshop #2, Monday August 8th, Amsterdam (NL) PARTS AND WHOLES: CONCEPTUAL PART-WHOLE RELATIONS AND FORMAL MEREOLOGY Organizers: Nicola Guarino (Padova, Italy) Simone Pribbenow (Hamburg, Germany) Laure Vieu (Toulouse, France) Programme Committee: Michel Aurnague (Toulouse, France), Harry Bunt (Tilburg, NL), Roberto Casati (Aix, France), Carola Eschenbach (Hamburg, Germany), David Israel (Stanford, USA), Amedeo Napoli (Nancy, France), Barry Smith (Buffalo, USA), Barbara Tversky (Stanford, USA), Achille Varzi (Trento, Italy) ************************************************************************** 9.00 Introduction 9.15 - 10.35 Ontology Gert Schmeltz Pedersen (DASY, Denmark): Conceptual modelling without the distinction between Individuals and Singleton Sets. Barry Smith (Buffalo, USA): Fiat Objects 11.00 - 12.20 Linguistic topics Peter Gerstl (Heidelberg, Germany): Genitive Constrictions as a Means for Communicating Part-Whole Information. Friederike Moltmann (UCLA, USA). New Notion of Part Structure for the Semantics of Natural Language. 13.50 - 15.10 Modeling complex objects Geoffrey Simmons (Hamburg, Germany):Shapes, Part Structures and Object Concepts. Luca Pazzi (Univ. of Modena, Italy): Dynamically-Based Complex Objects: >From Process Synchronization to Entity Aggregation. 15.30 - 16.50 Applications Bernauer (Hildesheim, Germany): Modelling Formal Subsumption and Part-Whole Relation for Medical Concept Descriptions. Mike Uschold (Edinburgh, UK): The Use of Ontology to Guide Naive Users in Representing Substructure 16.50 - 17.50 Panel: Part-Whole Relations in Description Logics (short paper presentations) A. Artale , F. Cesarini, E. Grazzini, F. Pippolini and G. Soda (Firenze, Italy): Modelling Composition in a Terminological Language Environment. Pascale Hors (Orsay, France): Description logics to specify the part-whole relations. Piet-Hein Speel (Twente, NL) and Peter Patel-Schneider (AT&T, USA): A Physical Whole-Part Extension for Description Logics. 17.50 Conclusions ************************************************************************** Participants having sent position papers: Harmen van den Berg (Twente, NL): On incommensurability of primitive relations Anthony Cohn and Brandon Bennett (Leeds, UK): (title to be announced) Michel Cosse (Paris 7, France): Mereology and Text Generation Ivan Derzanski (Edinburgh, UK): On the Atomarisation of Mass Terms Don Dwiggins (Mark V Systems, CA): The Role of Part-Whole Relations within Commercial Software Development Tools Josef Meyer-Fujara (Bielefeld, Germany): Decomposition at Restricted Granularity Sebastian Shaumyan (Yale, USA): Part-Whole Relations, Dependency and Mereological Variability in Syntax Other expected participants include: Mario Borillo, Aviv Cohen, C. Djeraba, Mike Halper, Martine Magnan, M. Maybury, James Pustejovsky, K.-H. Schmidt, Hiroshi Tanaka, Shusaku Tsumoto, Klaus Wimmer. ************************************************************************** A few places are still left. If you'd like to participate, please send a request to the organizers (email: GUARINO@ladseb.pd.cnr.it, pribbeno@informatik.uni-hamburg.de, vieu@irit.fr) as soon as possible. If you send it before June 20 (via email), you may add a position paper (1 to 3 pages) which will be included in the workshop notes. Notice that registration to the main ECAI conference is required to attend the workshop (ECAI conference secretariat: Tel: +31 10 408 2302, Fax: +31 10 453 0784, E-mail: M.M.deLeeuw@apv.oos.eur.nl). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-698. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-699. Thu 16 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.699 FYI: Pragmatics and Language Learning, vol. 5, 1994 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 94 11:21:52 CDT From: Larry Bouton Subject: Pragmatics and Language Learning, vol. 5, 1994 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 94 11:21:52 CDT From: Larry Bouton Subject: Pragmatics and Language Learning, vol. 5, 1994 Please publish the following announcement: The 1994 volume of the Pragmatics and Language Learning Monograph Series, vol 5 is now available. This volume is a refereed collection of selected papers given at the Pragmatics and Language Learning Conference held at the University of Illinois this past April. The contents are as follows: Anna Wierzbicka, Cultural Scripts: A Semantic Approach to Cultural Analysis and Cross Cultural Communication. Ayo Bambose, Issues in Second Language Learning in a Multilingual Context Yamuna Kachru, Cross-cultural Speech Act Research and the Classroom Kenneth R. Rose, Pragmatics Consciousness-Raising in an EFL Context Francois V. Tochon and Jean-Paul Dionne, Discourse Analysis and Instructional Flexibility: A Pragmatic Grammar Lawrence F. Bouton, Can NNS Skill in Interpreting Implicatures in American English Be Improved through Explicit Instruction? - A Pilot Study Hisae Niki and Hiroko Tajika: Asking for Permission vs. Making Requests: Strategies Chosen by Japanese Speakers of English Janie Rees-Miller, American Student's Questioning Behavior and Its Implications for ESL Agnes Weiyun He, Constructing Facts and Stances through Voicing: Cases from Student-Counselor Interaction Eli Hinkel, Topic Appropriateness in Cross-Cultural Social Conversations Ann Berry, Spanish and American Turn-Taking Styles: A Comparative Study Erica McClure, Cross-linguistic Influences on the Acquisition of Discourse Level Constraints on the Comprehension and Use of Adversative Con- junctions Pinmin Kuo, The Correlation of Discourse Markers and Discourse Structures Muriel Saville-Troike and Donna M. Johnson, An Integration of Perspectives Donald E. Hardy and Karen Milton, The Distribution and Function of Relative Clauses in Literature Sonoko Sakakibara, Non-grammatical Reflexive Binding Phenomena: The Case of Japanese M. Lynne Murphy, A Note on Pragmatic Markedness Shona Whyte, Acquisition in Context: The Discourse Domain Hypothesis of Inter- language Variation Cost of this volume = 12.00 (US); back issues available. For further informa- tion, contact me at larbout@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu. Orders can be taken by mail only (prepaid) and should be sent to... Cindy Meier-Giertz PRAG & LL DEIL 3070 FLB University of Illinois 707 S. Mathews Urbana, IL 61801 Larry Bouton, editor -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-699. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-700. Thu 16 Jun 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 100 Subject: 5.700 Qs: Persian, Popularization of ling, Rhetorical ques, Me first Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 11:54:29 -0600 (CST) From: "ali miremadi-lify534@utxvms.cc.utexas.edu" Subject: persian 2) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 17:02:03 +1100 From: claudia.brugman@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (claudia brugman) Subject: Re: The popularization of linguistics 3) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 13:52:15 -0400 From: Bruce Nevin Subject: rhetorical question 4) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 17:56:55 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Me first exception -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 11:54:29 -0600 (CST) From: "ali miremadi-lify534@utxvms.cc.utexas.edu" Subject: persian I am an Iranian linguist temporarily doing some research here at the University of Texas(Austin). I am working on a project concerning the history of linguistics in Iran and the Islamic world. Any suggestions would be highly appreciated. I am also interested in the Persian syntax and willing to be in contact with those who are working on the field. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 15 Jun 1994 17:02:03 +1100 From: claudia.brugman@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (claudia brugman) Subject: Re: The popularization of linguistics A question related to popularization: We just got the episode of _Northern Exposure_ where Ed dubs _The Prisoner of Zenda_ into Tlingit. Questions: was it really Tlingit? Who did the language consultation and why didn't they get a credit? Is "Tlinkit" (as Ed kept pronouncing it) an accepted pronunciation of _Tlingit_? Dr. Claudia Brugman English Department and School of Languages University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand claudia.brugman@stonebow.otago.ac.nz -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 13:52:15 -0400 From: Bruce Nevin Subject: rhetorical question A friend has asked, and I could not say, what is "the term" for a yes-no question with a derogatory presupposition, of the type "Have you stopped bothering Linguist readers with trivia questions yet?" Please reply directly to me. Thanks! Bruce Nevin bn@lightstream.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 14 Jun 1994 17:56:55 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Me first exception Here's a question posed more out of idle curiosity than anything else; it comes to mind after thinking about "me first". On the old Sonny and Cher show, an episode started with Sonny ribbing Cher about all the conjoined phrases where the male is mentioned first: men and women, boys and girls, guys and gals (and guys and dolls), males and females, his and hers. After a brief exchange, Cher began the show by turning to the audience and saying, "Welcome, ladies and gentlemen" (or something like that). Is there any reason why this phrase should be an exception? And does it have anything to do with the formality (prescriptivism) of "you and I" as opposed to "me and you" (which is for me equally acceptable, although I don't have "I and you", and "you and me" I only have in the object position, copula or no). -- Paul Kershaw, Michigan S U -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-700.