Key References

The capture of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide.

Ballintijn, C. M. 1969a. Functional anatomy and movement coordination of the respiratory pump of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J. Exp. Biol., 50:547-567.

Ballintijn, C. M. 1969b. Muscle coordination of the respiratory pump of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J. Exp. Biol., 50:569-591.

Ballintijn, C. M. 1969c. Movement pattern and efficiency of the respiratory pump of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J. Exp. Biol., 50:593-613.

Brown, C. E. and B. S. Muir. 1970. Analysis of ram ventilation of fish gills with application to skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 27:1637-1652.

Fry, F. E. J. 1957. The aquatic respiration of fish. Pp. 1-63. In: The Physiology of Fishes. Brown, M. E., ed. Volume 1.

Holeton, G. F. 1970. Oxygen uptake and circulation by a hemoglobinless Antarctic fish (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lonnberg) compared with three red-blooded Antarctic fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 34:457-471.

Hughes, G. M. 1960. A comparative study of gill ventilation in marine teleosts. J. Exp. Biol., 37:28-45.

Hughes, G. M. 1961. How a fish extracts oxygen from water. New Scient., 11:346-348.

Hughes, G. M. 1963. Comparative Physiology of Vertebrate Respiration. Heinemann, London, pp. 1-28.

Hughes, G. M. and M. Morgan. 1973. The structure of fish gills in relation to their respiratory function. Biol. Rev., 48:419-475.

Lenfant, C. and K. Johansen. 1972. Gas exchange in gill, skin, and lung breathing. Resp. Physiol., 14:211-218.

Muir, B. S. 1969. Gill dimensions as a function of fish size. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 16:165-170.

Muir, B. S. and C. E. Brown. 1971. Effects of blood pathways on the blood pressure drop in fish gills, with special reference to tunas. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 28:947-955.

Randall, D. J. 1970. Gas exchange in fish. Pp. 253-292. In: Fish Physiology. Hoar and Randall, eds. Volume 4.

Riggs, A. 1970. Properties of fish hemoglobins. Pp. 209-252. In: Fish Physiology. Hoar and Randall, eds. Volume 4.

Saunders, R. L. 1961. The irrigation of the gills in fishes. 1. Studies of the mechanism of branchial irrigation. Can. J. Zool., 39:637-653.

Saunders, R. L. 1962. The irrigation of the gills in fishes. 2. Efficiency of oxygen uptake in relation to respiratory flow activity and concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Can. J. Zool., 40:817-862.

Shelton, G. 1970. The regulation of breathing. Pp. 293-359. In: Fish Physiology. Hoar and Randall, eds. Volume 4.

Shaumberg, F. D., T. E. Howard, and C. C. Walden. 1967. A method to evaluate the effects of water pollutants on fish respiration. Wat. Res., 1:731-777.

Skidmore, J. F. 1970. Respiration and osmoregulation in rainbow trout with gills damaged by zinc sulphate. J. Exp. Biol., 52:484-494.

Steen, J. B. and E. Kruysse. 1964. The respiratory function of teleostean gills. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 12:127-142.

Umezawa, S.-I. and H. Watanabe. 1973. On the respiration of the killifish Oryzias latipes. J. Exp. Biol., 58:305-325.