Total Synthesis of (-)-Morphine

Koizumi, H.; Yokoshima, S.; Fukuyama, T. Chem. Asian J. 2010, 5, 2192-2198

The first Intramolecular Heck Reaction was discovered by Mori and Ban in 1977. An advantage of intramolecular Heck Reaction is that it can form very hindered carbon-carbon bonds under reasonably mild condition. It has the ability to form quaternary carbon stereocenters with high level of asymmetric induction. The intramolecular Heck Reaction is usually more efficient than intermolecular Heck Reaction due to elimination of entropic consideration.