Professor Sue Alcock
Department of Classical Studies; 2029H Connector Building; 936-3888
Office Hours: Wednesday, 2-5 pm
salcock@umich.edu
Introduction
Class requirements
Food on the Web: some interesting links
Syllabus
General food introductions
The mechanics of food production
Karanis and Egypt
Consumption: calories and symbols
Liquid refreshment
Where to eat, with whom to eat
Symposium
Watching the 'other' feed
Special diets
Going hungry: food shortage and famine
Food and Status: you are what you...
Food and Gender
Food and Fighting
Food and death
Food and 'Morality'
Food and Sex
Satyricon
Brothwell, D. and P. Brothwell, Food in Antiquity (1969) (R)
Dalby, A. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece (1996) (R)
Douglas, M., Purity and Danger (1966)
Douglas, M., Deciphering a meal, 249-75. In Implicit Meanings (1975)
Farb, P. and G. Armelagos, Consuming Passions: the anthropology of eating (1980)
Food: The Vital Stuff (Granta 52) (1995) (R)
Forster, R. and O. Ranum, Food and Drink in History (1979)
Goody, J., Cooking, Cuisine and Class: A Study in Comparative Sociology (1982)
Harris, M., The Sacred Cow and the Abominable Pig: riddles of food and culture (1985)
Levi-Strauss, C., The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a science of mythology I (1975)
Maguire, E. D., et al., Eating and Drinking. In Art and Holy Powers in the Early Christian House (1989) 108-137. (R)
Mennell, S., All Manners of Food: eating and taste in England and France from the Middle Ages to the Present (1985)
Toussaint-Samat, M., History of Food (1987) (R)
Visser, M., The Rituals of Dinner: the origins, evolution, eccentricities and meaning of table manners (1991) (R)
Wilkins, J. D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
To the list of topics
General
De Garine, I. and G.A. Harrison, eds., Coping with uncertainty in food supply (1988)
Forbes, H. and L. Foxhall, Ethnoarchaeology and storage in the ancient Mediterranean: beyond risk and survival, in J. Wilkins, D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
Garnsey, P., Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: responses to risk and crisis (1988), part II (R)
Garnsey, P., K. Hopkins and C.R. Whittaker, eds., Trade in the Ancient Economy (1983)
Halstead, P. and J. O'Shea, Bad Year Economics: cultural responses to risk and uncertainty (1989)
Riddervold, A. and A. Ropeid, eds., Food Conservation (1988)
Greek
Amouretti, M.-C., Le pain et l'huile dans la Grce antique (1986)
Forbes, H., 'We have a little of everything': the ecological basis of some agricultural practices in Methana, Trizinia, 236-50. In M. Dimen and E. Friedl, eds., Regional Variation in Modern Greece and Cyprus (1976).
Gallant, T.W., Crisis and response: risk-buffering behavior in Hellenistic Greek communities. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19 (1989) 393-413.
Gallant, T.W., Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece (1991) (R)
Garnsey, P., Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: responses to risk and crisis (1988), part III (R)
Garnsey, P., Yield of the land, 147-53. In B. Wells, ed. Agriculture in Ancient Greece (1992). (R)
Halstead, P., Traditional and ancient rural economy in Mediterranean Europe: plus a change? Journal of Hellenic Studies 107 (1987): 77-87.
Halstead, P., Waste not, want not: traditional responses to crop failure in Greece. Rural History 1 (1990) 147-64.
Osborne, R., Classical Landscape with Figures (1987) (R)
Sallares, R., The Ecology of the Ancient Greek World (1991) (R)
van Andel, T. and C.N. Runnels, Beyond the Acropolis: A Rural Greek Past (1987)
Wells, B., ed. Agriculture in Ancient Greece (1992) (R)
Roman
Evans, J.K., Plebs rustica: the peasantry of Classical Italy II. American Journal of Ancient History 2 (1980) 134-73.
Evans, J.K., Wheat production and its social consequences in the Roman world. Classical Quarterly 31 (1981) 428-42.
Frayn, J.M., Wild and cultivated plants: a note on the peassant economy of Roman Italy. Journal of Roman Studies 65 (1975) 32-38.
Garnsey, P., Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: responses to risk and crisis (1988), part IV (R)
Garnsey, P., Grain for Rome, 118-30. In P. Garnsey, K. Hopkins and C.R. Whittaker, eds., Trade in the Ancient Economy (1983)
Garnsey, P. and R. Saller, The Roman Empire: economy, society and culture (1987) esp. Ch. 4 (The land) and 5 (Supplying the Roman empire)
Greene, K., The Archaeology of the Roman Economy (1986), esp. chapter 2 (Transport in the Roman empire) (R)
Spurr, M.S., Arable Cultivation in Roman Italy (1986) (R)
White, K.D., Roman Farming (1970)
To the list of topics
Boak, A.E.R. Karanis: The Temples, Coin Hoards, Botanical and Zoological Reports: Seasons 1924-31 (1933)
Bowman, A. Egypt after the Pharoahs: 332 B.C. - A.D. 642 (1986)
Duncan-Jones, R. The price of wheat in Roman Egypt under the Principate. Chiron 6 (1976) 241-62.
Husselman, E.M. The granaries of Karanis. Transactions of the American Philological Association 83 (1952) 56-73.
Husselman, E.M. The dovecotes of Karanis. Transactions of the American Philological Association 84 (1953) 81-91.
Karanis: An Egyptian Town in Roman Times (1983)
Leek, F.F. Teeth and bread in ancient Egypt. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 58 (1972) 126-32.
Leek, F.F. Further studies concerning ancient Egyptian bread. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 59 (1973) 199-204.
Thompson, D. Food: tradition and change in Hellenistic Egypt. World Archaeology 11 (1979) 136-46.
To the list of topics
General
Appadurai, A., How to make a national cuisine: cookbooks in contemporary India. Comparative Studies in Society and History 30 (1988) 3-24.
Barthes, R., Toward a psychosociology of contemporary food consumption. In R. Forster and O. Ranum, eds., Food and Drink in History (1979) (R)
Brothwell, D.R., Foodstuffs, cooking and drugs. In M. Grant and R. Kitzinger, Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome (1988) (R)
Dalby, A. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece (1996) (R)
King, H., Food as symbol in classical Greece. History Today 36 (1986) 35-39
Mars, G. and V. Mars, eds., Food, Culture and History (1993)
Toussaint-Samat, M., History of Food (1987) (R)
Spicing Up the Palate: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1992 (1993)
Wilkins, J. D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
Cereals/bread
Arnott, M., The breads of Mani, 297-305. In M. Arnott, ed., Gastronomy: the anthropology of food and food habits (1975)
Balfet, H., Bread in some regions of the Mediterranean area: a contribution to the studies on eating habits, 305-14. In M. Arnott, ed., Gastronomy: the anthropology of food and food habits (1975)
'Cereals and Staples' in J. Wilkins, D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
Foxhall, L. and H. Forbes, Sitometreia: the role of grain as a staple food in classical antiquity. Chiron 12 (1982) 41-90.
Jasny, N., The daily bread of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Osiris 9 (1950): 228-53.
Moritz, L.A. Grain-mills and Flour in Classical Antiquity (1958) (R)
Runnels, C.N. and P. Murray. Milling in ancient Greece. Archaeology 36 (1983) 62-3, 75.
Sallares, R., The Ecology of the Ancient Greek World, Section III: Agriculture (R)
Olive
Forbes, H.A. and L. Foxhall, 'The queen of all trees': preliminary notes on the archaeology of the olive. Expedition 21 (1978)
Mattingly, D., Oil for export? Journal of Roman Archaeology 1 (1988): 33-56.
Mattingly, D., The olive boom: oil surpluses, wealth and power in Roman Tripolitania. Libyan Studies 19 (1988): 21-41.
Sallares, R., The Ecology of the Ancient Greek World (1991) Section III: Agriculture (R)
Meat and Fish
Curtis, R.I. Garum and salsamenta (1991)
Davidson, J. Fish, sex and revolution at Athens. Classical Quarterly 43 (1993) 53-66.
Fiddes, N., Meat: A Natural Symbol (1991)
Gallant, T.W., A Fisherman's Tale: an analysis of the potential productivity of fishing in the ancient world
Harris, M., Holy Beef, U.S.A. In The Sacred Cow and the Abominable Pig: riddles of food and culture (1985)
Jameson, M.H., C.N. Runnels and T. van Andel, A Greek Countryside (1994) (R)
Jameson, M.H., Sacrifice and animal husbandry in Classical Greece, 87-119. In C.R. Whittaker, ed., Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity (1988).
'Meat and Fish' in J. Wilkins, D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
Whittaker, C.R. ed., Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity (1988).
Wilkins, J. Social status and fish in Greece and Rome. In G. Mars and V. Mars, eds., Food, Culture and History (1993)
Honey and Sweet Things
Crane, E. The Archaeology of Beekeeping (1983)
Mintz, S.W. Sweetness and Power: the place of sugar in modern history (1985)
Toussaint-Samat, M., Collecting honey. In The History of Food (1987) (R)
Spices
Miller, J.I. The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire (1969)
To the list of topics
Brard, C. and C. Bron, Satyric revels. In C. Brard, A City of Images: iconography and society in ancient Greece (1989) (R)
Douglas, M., ed., Constructive Drinking: perspectives on drink from anthropology (1987)
Durand, J-L, F. Frontisi-Ducroux and F. Lissarrague, Wine: human and divine. In C. Brard, A City of Images: iconography and society in ancient Greece(1989) (R)
Emboden, W., Dionysos as a shaman and wine as a magical drug. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 9 (1977) 187-92.
Forni, G. The origin of grape-wine: a problem of historical-ecological anthropology, 67-78. In M. Arnott, ed., Gastronomy: the anthropology of food and food habits (1975)
Gusfield, J., Passage to play: rituals of drinking time in American society. In M. Douglas, ed., Constructive Drinking: perspectives on drink from anthropology (1987)
Hanson, V.D., Practical aspects of grape-growing and the ideology of Greek viticulture, 161-66. In B. Wells, ed. Agriculture in Ancient Greece (1992) (R)
Jellinek, E.M., Drinkers and alcoholics in ancient Rome. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 37 (1976) 1718-41.
Jellinek, E.M., The symbolism of drinking: a culture-historical approach. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 38 (1977)
Lambert-Gocs, M. The Wines of Greece (1990)
Lissarrague, F., The Greek Experience of Wine. In F. Lissarrague, The Aesthetics of the Greek Banquet: images of wine and ritual (1990) (R)
McGovern, P.E., S.J. Fleming and S.H. Katz, eds., The Origins and Ancient History of Wine (1995)
McKinlay, A.P., Ancient experience with intoxicating drinks: non-Attic Greek states. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 10 (1949) 289-315.
McKinlay, A.P., Attic temperance. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 12 (1951) 61-102.
Sparkes, B., Treading the grapes. BABesch 51 (1976) 47-64.
Tchernia, A., Italian wine in Gaul at the end of the Republic, 87-104. In P. Garnsey, K. Hopkins and C.R. Whittaker, eds., Trade in the Ancient Economy (1983)
To the list of topics
'The Social and Religious Context of Food and Eating' in J. Wilkins, D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
Bruit, L., The meal at the Hyakinthia: ritual consumption and offering. In O. Murray, ed. Sympotika: a symposium on the symposium (1990) (R)
Brumfield, A.C., The Attic Festivals of Demeter and their Relation to the Agricultural Year (1981)
Burkert, W., Greek Religion (1985) (R)
Burkert, W., Homo Necans: The Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth (1983) (R)
D'Arms, J., Control, companionship and clientela: some social functions of the Roman communal meal. EMC/CV 3 (1984): 327-48.
Dunbabin, K. Triclinium and stibadium. In W. Slater, ed., Dining in a Classical Context, 121-48. (1991)
Ferguson, J., Among the Gods: an archaeological exploration of ancient Greek religion (1989) (R)
Fisher, N., Greek associations, symposia and clubs. In M. Grant and R. Kitzinger, Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome (1988) (R)
Fisher, N., Roman associations, dinner parties and clubs. In M. Grant and R. Kitzinger, Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome (1988) (R)
Henry, A.S., Invitations to the Prytaneion at Athens. Antichthon 15 (1981) 100-10.
Jameson, M.H., Sacrifice and animal husbandry in Classical Greece, 87-119. In C.R. Whittaker, ed., Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity (1988).
Miller, S.G., The Prytaneion: its function and architectural form (1978)
Osborne, M.J., Entertainment in the Prytaneion at Athens. ZPE 41 (1981): 153-70.
Pots and Pans of Classical Athens (1970) (R)
Scheid, J., Romulus et ses frres: le Collge des frres arvales, modle du culte public dans la Rome des empereurs (1990)
Schmitt-Pantel, P., La cit au banquet: histoire des repas publics dans les cits grecques (1992)
Schmitt-Pantel, P., Sacrificial Meal and Symposion: two models of civic institutions in the Archaic city?, 14-33. In O. Murray, ed. Sympotika: a symposium on the symposium (1990) (R)
Shero, L.R., The cena in Roman satire. Classical Philology 18 (1923) 126-43.
Sparkes, B.A., The Greek Kitchen. Journal of Hellenic Studies 82 (1962) 121-37.
Sparkes, B.A., The Greek Kitchen: addenda. Journal of Hellenic Studies 85 (1965) 162-63.
Stambaugh, J.E., The Ancient Roman City (1988) esp. Chs. 12-14 (R)
To the list of topics
Borza, E., The symposium at Alexander's court, 45-55. In Ancient Macedonia III (1983)
Bowie, E.L., Early Greek elegy, symposium and public festival. Journal of Hellenic Studies 106 (1986) 13-35.
Keuls, E., The Reign of the Phallus (1985)
Levine, D.B., Symposium and the polis, 176-96. In T.J. Figueira and G. Nagy, Theognis of Megara: poetry and the polis (1985).
Lissarrague, F., The Aesthetics of the Greek Banquet: images of wine and ritual (1990) (R)
Starr, C.G., An evening with the flute girls. La Parola del Passato 33 (1978) 401-10.
Murray, O., Symposium and genre in the poetry of Horace. Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985): 39-50.
Murray, O., The symposion as social organisation, 195-99. In R. Hgg, ed., The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth Century B.C. (1983)
Murray, O. ed. Sympotika: a symposium on the symposium (1990) (R)
Slater, W.J., ed., Dining in a Classical Context (1991) (R)
Tomlinson, R.A., Ancient Macedonian symposia, 308-15. In Ancient Macedonia I (1970)
Vickers, M., Greek Symposia (n.d.) (R)
To the list of topics
'Beyond the Greco-Roman world.' In J. Wilkins, D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
Burkert, W., Oriental symposia: contrasts and parallels, 7-24. In W.J. Slater, ed., Dining in a Classical Context (1991) (R)
Darby, W.J., P. Ghaliourgi, and L. Grivetti, eds., Food: the gift of Osiris (1977)
Detienne, M., Between beasts and gods. In R.L. Gordon, ed., Myth, religion and society (1981)
Detienne, M. and J.-P. Vernant, The Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks (1989) (R)
Durand, J-L and A. Schnapp, Sacrificial slaughter and the initiatory hunt. In C. Brard, A City of Images: iconography and society in ancient Greece (1989) (R)
Gordon, R.L., ed., Myth, religion and society (1981) (Vernant, J.-P., The myth of Prometheus in Hesiod; Sacrificial and alimentary codes in Hesiod's myth of Prometheus)
Hall, E. Inventing the Barbarian (1989)
Hartog, F., The Mirror of Herodotus: the representation of the other in the writing of history (1988)
Leach, E.R., Oysters, smoked salmon and stilton cheese. In Levi-Strauss (1970)
Levi-Strauss, C., The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a science of mythology I (1975)
Shaw, B., 'Eaters of flesh, drinkers of milk': the ancient Mediterranean ideology of the pastoral nomad. Ancient Society 13/14 (1982/83): 5-31.
Simoons, F.J., Eat Not This Flesh: food avoidances in the Old World (1961) (R)
Vernant, J.-P., Food in the countries of the sun. In M. Detienne and J.-P. Vernant, The Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks (1989) (R)
Vernant, J.-P., Myth and Society in Ancient Greece (1980)
Vidal-Naquet, P., Land and sacrifice in the Odyssey: a study of religious and mythical meanings. In R.L. Gordon, ed., Myth, religion and society (1981)
To the list of topics
Douglas, M., Purity and Danger (1966) (esp. 'The abominations of Leviticus')
Farb, P. and G. Armelagos, Eat not of their flesh. In Consuming Passions: the anthropology of eating (1980) (R)
Grant, R.M., Dietary laws among Pythagoreans, Jews and Christians. Harvard Theological Review 73 (1980) 299-310.
Grmek, M.D., The harm in broad beans: legend and reality. In Diseases in the Ancient Greek World (1989)
Harris, M., The abominable pig. In The Sacred Cow and the Abominable Pig: riddles of food and culture (1985)
Osborne, C., Ancient Vegetarianism. In J. Wilkins, D. Harvey and M. Dobson, eds., Food in Antiquity (1995) (R)
Simoons, F.J., Eat Not This Flesh: Food Avoidances in the Old World (1961) (R)
Soler, J., The semiotics of food in the Bible. In R. Forster and O. Ranum, eds., Food and Drink in History (1979) (R)
Renfrew, J.M., Food for athletes and gods: a classical diet. In W.J. Raschke, ed., The Archaeology of the Olympics (1988)
To the list of topics
Arnold, D., Famine: social crisis and historical change (1988)
Drze, J. and A. Sen, The Political Economy of Hunger (1990). Vol. 1 (Entitlement and Wellbeing), Vol. 2 (Famine Prevention), Vol. 3 (Endemic Hunger)
Garnsey, P., Famine in history. In J. Bourriau, ed., Understanding Catastrophe (1992)
Garnsey, P., Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: responses to risk and crisis (1988) (R)
Garnsey, P., Responses to food crisis in the ancient Mediterranean world. In L. Newman, ed., Hunger in History: food shortage, poverty and deprivation (1990) (R)
Garnsey, P. Famine in Rome. In P. Garnsey and C.R. Whittaker, eds., Trade and Famine in Classical Antiquity (1983)
Garnsey, P. and C.R. Whittaker, eds., Trade and Famine in Classical Antiquity (1983), especially Jameson, Rathbone, Garnsey and Hopkins
Goodman, A.H. and G.J. Armelagos, Infant and childhood morbidity and mortality risks in archaeological populations. World Archaeology 21 (1989) 225ff.
Harrison, G.A., ed., Famine (1988)
Le Roy Ladurie, E., Amenorrhea in time of famine (17th to 20th century), 255-71. In The Territory of the Historian (1979)
Martin, D.L., A.H. Goodman, and G.J. Armelagos, Skeletal pathologies as indicators of quality and quantity of diet. In R.K. Gilbert and J.H. Mielke, The Analysis of Prehistoric Diets (1985)
Nelson, M.C., Bitter Bread: the famine in Norrbotten (1988)
Newman, L.F., ed., Hunger in History: food shortage, poverty and deprivation(1990) (R)
Seavoy, R.E., Famine in Peasant Societies (1986)
Sen, A., Poverty and Famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation (1981)
To the list of topics
General
Bourdieu, P., Distinction: a social critique of the judgment of taste (1984)
Camporesi, P., Bread of Dreams: food and fantasy in early modern Europe (1989)
Farb, P. and G. Armelagos, The feast and the gift. In Consuming Passions: the anthropology of eating (1980)
Goody, J., Cooking, Cuisine and Class: A Study in Comparative Sociology (1982)
Health
Angel, J.L., The bases of paleodemography. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30 (1969): 427-38.
Angel, J.L., Ecology and population in the eastern Mediterranean. World Archaeology 4 (1972) 88-105.
Angel, J.L., Health as a crucial factor in the changes from hunting to developed farming in the eastern Mediterranean, 51-73. In M. Cohen and G. Armelagos, eds., Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture (1984)
Bisel, S.C., Nutrition in first century Herculaneum. Anthropologie 26 (1988) 61-66.
Floud, R., K. Wachter and A. Gregory, Height, nutritional status and the historical record. In Height, health and history: nutritional status in the United Kingdom, 1750-1980 (1990)
Fornaciari, G. and F. Mallegni, Palaenutritional studies on skeletal remains of ancient populations from the Mediterranean area: an attempt to interpretation. Anthropological Anzeiger 45 (1987): 361-70.
Garnsey, P., Mass diet and nutrition in the city of Rome. In A. Giovannini, ed., Nourrir la plebe... (1991)
Morris, I., Palaeopathology. In Death-ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity (1992) (R)
Stuart-Macadam, P.L., Nutritional deficiency diseases: a survey of scurvy, rickets, and iron-deficiency anemia, 201-22. In M.Y. Iscan and K.A.R. Kennedy, eds., Reconstruction of Life from the Skeleton (1989)
Power
Carcopino, J., Daily Life in Ancient Rome (1941)
D'Arms, J., Control, companionship and clientela: some social functions of the Roman communal meal. EMC/CV 3 (1984): 327-48.
D'Arms, J., The Roman convivium and the idea of equality. In O. Murray, ed. Sympotika: a symposium on the symposium (1990) (R)
D'Arms, J.H., Slaves at Roman convivia. In W.J. Slater, ed., Dining in a Classical Context (1991) (R)
Duncan-Jones, R.P., Economy of the Roman Empire: quantitative studies (1982), chapter 7
Gowers, E., The Loaded Table (1993) (R)
Jones, C.P., Dinner Theater. In W.J. Slater, ed., Dining in a Classical Context (1991) (R)
Scobie, A., Slums, sanitation and mortality in the Roman world. Klio 68 (1986) 399-433.
Shelton, J-A., As the Romans Did (1988) (R)
Veyne, P., Bread and Circuses: historical sociology and political pluralism (1976)
Woolf, G., Food, poverty and patronage. Papers of the British School at Rome 58 (1990): 197-228.
To the list of topics
Bell, R.M., Holy Anorexia (1985)
Blok, J. and P. Mason, Sexual asymmetry: studies in ancient society (1987)
Bynum, C.W., Holy Feast and holy fast: the religious significance of food to medieval women (1987) (R)
Cameron, A. and A. Kuhrt, eds. Images of Women in Antiquity (1983)
Charles, N. and M. Kerr, Women, food and families (1988)
Cline, S., Just Desserts: women and food (1990)
Cohen, D., Seclusion, separation and the status of women in classical Athens. Greece and Rome 36 (1989) 3-14.
Delaney, C., Seeds of honor, fields of shame, 35-48. In D. Gilmore, ed., Honor and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean (1987)
Dubisch, J., Culture enters through the kitchen: women, food and social boundaries in rural Greece, 195-214. In J. Dubisch, ed., Gender and Power in Rural Greece (1986)
duBois, P., Sowing the Body: Psychoanalysis and Ancient Representations of Women (1988).
Gould, J., Law, custom and myth: aspects of the social position of women in Classical Athens. Journal of Hellenic Studies 100 (1980) 38-59.
Henry, M. The edible woman: Athenaeus' concept of the pornographic. In A. Richlin, ed., Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome (1992)
Le Roy Ladurie, E., Amenorrhea in time of famine (17th to 20th century), 255-71. In The Territory of the Historian(1979)
Lloyd, G.E.R., Science, Folklore and Ideology: studies in the life sciences in ancient Greece (1983), esp. Part II: The female sex: medical treatment and biological theories in the fifth and fourth centuries BC
Sussman, L.S., Workers and drones: labor, idleness and gender definition in Hesiod's beehive. Arethusa 11 (1978) 27-41.
Ward, B., Harlots of the Desert: a study of repentance in early monastic societies (1987)
Children
Bradley, K.R., Sexual regulations in wet-nursing contracts from Roman Egypt. Klio 62 (1980) 321-25.
Bradley, K.R., Wet-nursing at Rome: a study in social relations. In B. Rawson, ed., The Family in Ancient Rome: new perspectives (1986)
Dixon, S., The Roman Family (1992)
Dixon, S., The Roman Mother (1988) esp. Ch. 5 (The Roman mother and the young child) and Ch. 6 (Mother substitutes) (R)
Fildes, V., Breasts, Bottles and Babies: a history of infant feeding (1986) (R)
Garnsey, P., Child rearing in ancient Italy. In D.I. Kertzer and R.P. Saller, eds., The Family in Italy: from antiquity to the present (1991)
Goodman, A.H. and G.J. Armelagos, Infant and childhood morbidity and mortality risks in archaeological populations. World Archaeology 21 (1989) 225ff.
Makler, P.T., New information on nutrition in ancient Greece. Klio 62 (1980) 317-19.
To the list of topics
Greek
Cartledge, P.A., Sparta and Lakonia (1979), esp. 170-75.
Figueira, T. Mess contributions and subsistence at Sparta. Transactions of the American Philological Association 114 (1984) 87-109.
Fisher, N., Drink, hybris and the promotion of harmony in Sparta, 26-50. In A. Powell, ed., Classical Sparta: techniques behind her success (1991)
Foxhall, L. Farming and fighting in the Greek world. In J. Rich and G. Shipley, eds., War and Society in the Greek World (1993) (R)
Hanson, V.D., Warfare and Agriculture in Ancient Greece (1981)
Murray, O., War and the symposium. In W.J. Slater, ed., Dining in a Classical Context (1991) (R)
Rich, J. and G. Shipley, eds., War and Society in the Greek World (1993) (R)
Roman
Bowman, A. et al., Two letters from Vindolanda. Britannia 21 (1990): 33-52.
Davies, R.W., The Roman military diet. Britannia 2 (1971) 122-42.
Groenman-van Waateringe, W., Food for soldiers, food for thought, 96-107. In J.C. Barrett, A.P. Fitzpatrick and L. Macinnes, Barbarians and Romans in Northwest Europe from the later Republic to late Antiquity. BAR 471 (1989).
King, A., Animal bones and the dietary identity of military and civilian groups in Roman Britain, Germany and Gaul, 187-217. In T.F.C. Blagg and A.C. King, eds., Military and Civilian in Roman Britain: cultural relationships in a frontier province. BAR 136 (1984).
Knights, B.A. et al., Evidence concerning the Roman military diet at Bearsden, Scotland, in the 2nd century AD. Journal of Archaeological Science 10 (1983): 139-52.
To the list of topics
Danforth, L., The Death Rituals of Rural Greece (1982)
Ferguson, J., Among the Gods: An Archaeological Exploration of Ancient Greek Religion (1989) (R)
Garland, R., The Greek Way of Death(1985)
Humphreys, S.C., The Family, Women and Death (1980)
Humphreys, S.C. and H. King, eds., Mortality and Immortality: The Anthropology and Archaeology of Death (1981)
Jones, R., Burial customs of Rome and the provinces. In J. Wacher, ed., The Roman World II (1987)
Kurtz, D.C. and J. Boardman, Greek Burial Customs (1971)
Morris, I., The archaeology of ancestors: the Saxe/Goldstein hypothesis revisited. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1 (1991)
Morris, I., Death Ritual and Society Structure in Classical Antiquity (1992) (R)
Patterson, J., Patronage, collegia and burial in Imperial Rome. In S. Bassett, Death in Towns: Urban Responses to the Dying and the Dead, 100-1600 (1992)
Rehm, M., Marriage to Death: The Conflation of Wedding and Funeral Rituals in Greek Tragedy (1994)
Shelton, J.-A., As the Romans Did (1988) (R)
Sourvinou-Inwood, C., 'Reading' Greek Death: To the End of the Classical Period (1995)
Toynbee, J.M.C., Death and Burial in the Roman World (1971)
Vermeule, E., Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry (1979)
Walker, S., Memorials to the Roman Dead (1985)
To the list of topics
Brown, P., The Body and Society: men, women and sexual renunciation in early Christianity (1988)
Bynum, C.W., Holy Feast and holy fast: the religious significance of food to medieval women (1987) (R)
Drijvers, H. Virginity and asceticism in late Roman western elites. In J. Blok and P. Mason, eds., Sexual Asymmetry: Studies in Ancient Society (1987)
Edwards, C. The Politics of Immorality (1992)
Gowers, E., The Loaded Table (1993) (R)
Ward, B., Harlots of the Desert: a study of repentance in early monastic societies (1987)
To the list of topics
Brown, P., The Body and Society: men, women and sexual renunciation in early Christianity (1988)
Delaney, C., Seeds of honor, fields of shame, 35-48. In D. Gilmore, ed., Honor and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean(1987)
duBois, P., Sowing the Body: Psychoanalysis and Ancient Representations of Women (1988) (sections on Field, Furrow)
Foucault, M., The battle for chastity. In Ph. Aris and A. Bjin, eds., Western Sexuality: practice and precept in past and present times (1985)
Foucault, M., The Care of the Self (1986) ('The Body')
Foucault, M., Dietetics. In The Use of Pleasure (1985)
Halperin, D.M., J. J. Winkler and F.I. Zeitlin, Before Sexuality: the construction of erotic experience in the ancient Greek world(1990)
Lloyd, G.E.R., Science, Folklore and Ideology: studies in the life sciences in ancient Greece (1983), esp. Part II: The female sex: medical treatment and biological theories in the fifth and fourth centuries BC
Rousselle, A. Porneia: on desire and the body in antiquity (1988)
Ward, B., St. Mary of Egypt: the Liturgical Icon of Repentance. In Harlots of the Desert (1987)
To the list of topics
Gowers, E., The Loaded Table (1993) (R)
Jones, C.P. Dinner theater. In W.J. Slater, ed., Dining in a Classical Context, 185-197. (1991). (R)
Shero, L.R., The cena in Roman satire. Classical Philology 18 (1923) 126-43.
To the list of topics
Introduction
Class requirements
Food on the Web: some interesting links
Syllabus
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This syllabus created at the University of Michigan for Fall Semester, 1996.
The background image shows the reverse of a Greek coin minted in the 6th century BC; a single ear of barley was the symbol of Metapontum in Southern Italy. Photo of KM 91.2.27 courtesy of the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, University of Michigan. This page last updated September 2, 1996 by Melanie D. Grunow.