SAD--Anders and Grevesse (1989)


Standard Abundance Distribution on Astronomical Scale

More recent useful references are K. Lodders, The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 591, p. 1220 (2003), and M. Asplund, N. Grevesse, A. J. Sauval, and P. Scott, Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astropysics, Vol. 47, 481 (2009). Most of the changes are rather small, especially for the heavier elements, but the newer values for the lighter elements, especially oxygen, are significant, and have been somewhat controversial.


Element Symbol Atomic No. Atomic Wt. Abund. Log(Ab)
Hydrogen H 1 1.0079 9.99E+11 12.00
Helium He 2 4.0026 9.74E+10 10.99
Lithium Li 3 6.9400 2.05E+03 3.31
Beryllium Be 4 9.0100 2.61E+01 1.42
Boron B 5 10.8100 7.59E+02 2.88
Carbon C 6 12.0100 3.62E+08 8.56
Nitrogen N 7 14.0100 1.12E+08 8.05
Oxygen O 8 16.0000 8.52E+08 8.93
Fluorine F 9 19.0000 3.02E+04 4.48
Neon Ne 10 20.1800 1.23E+08 8.09
Sodium Na 11 22.9900 2.06E+06 6.31
Magnesium Mg 12 24.3000 3.85E+07 7.59
Aluminium Al 13 26.9800 3.04E+06 6.48
Silicon Si 14 28.0900 3.58E+07 7.55
Phosphorus P 15 30.9700 3.72E+05 5.57
Sulfur S 16 32.0700 1.84E+07 7.27
Chlorine Cl 17 35.4500 1.88E+05 5.27
Argon Ar 18 39.9500 3.62E+06 6.56
Potassium K 19 39.1000 1.35E+05 5.13
Calcium Ca 20 40.0800 2.19E+06 6.34
Scandium Sc 21 44.9600 1.23E+03 3.09
Titanium Ti 22 47.8800 8.59E+04 4.93
Vanadium V 23 50.9400 1.05E+04 4.02
Chromium Cr 24 52.0000 4.83E+05 5.68
Manganese Mn 25 54.9400 3.42E+05 5.53
Iron Fe 26 55.8500 3.22E+07 7.51
Cobalt Co 27 58.9300 8.06E+04 4.91
Nickel Ni 28 58.6900 1.77E+06 6.25
Copper Cu 29 63.5500 1.87E+04 4.27
Zinc Zn 30 65.3900 4.51E+04 4.65
Gallium Ga 31 69.7200 1.35E+03 3.13
Germanium Ge 32 72.6100 4.26E+03 3.63
Arsenic As 33 74.9200 2.35E+02 2.37
Selenium Se 34 78.9600 2.22E+03 3.35
Bromine Br 35 79.9000 4.23E+02 2.63
Krypton Kr 36 83.8000 1.61E+03 3.21
Rubidium Rb 37 85.4700 2.54E+02 2.40
Strontium Sr 38 87.6200 8.42E+02 2.93
Yttrium Y 39 88.9100 1.66E+02 2.22
Zirconium Zr 40 91.2200 4.08E+02 2.61
Neobium Nb 41 92.9100 2.50E+01 1.40
Molybdenum Mo 42 95.9400 9.13E+01 1.96
Technetium Tc 43 -98.0000    
Ruthenium Ru 44 101.0700 6.66E+01 1.82
Rhodium Rh 45 102.9100 1.23E+01 1.09
Palladium Pd 46 106.4200 4.98E+01 1.70
Silver Ag 47 107.8700 1.74E+01 1.24
Cadmium Cd 48 112.4100 5.77E+01 1.76
Indium In 49 114.8200 6.59E+00 0.82
Tin Sn 50 118.7100 1.37E+02 2.14
Antimony Sb 51 121.7600 1.11E+01 1.04
Tellurium Te 52 127.6000 1.72E+02 2.24
Iodine I 53 126.9045 1.51E+02 2.18
Xenon Xe 54 131.2900 1.68E+02 2.23
Cesium Cs 55 132.9100 1.33E+01 1.12
Barium Ba 56 137.3300 1.61E+02 2.21
Lanthanum La 57 138.9100 1.60E+01 1.20
Cerium Ce 58 140.1200 4.07E+01 1.61
Prasodymiu |P 59 140.9100 5.98E+00 0.78
Neodymium Nd 60 144.2400 2.97E+01 1.47
Promethium Pm 61 -145.0000    
Samarium Sm 62 150.3600 9.25E+00 0.97
Europium Eu 63 151.9600 3.48E+00 0.54
Gadolinium Gd 64 157.2500 1.18E+01 1.07
Terbium Tb 65 158.9300 2.16E+00 0.33
Dysprosium Dy 66 162.5000 1.41E+01 1.15
Holmium Ho 67 164.9300 3.18E+00 0.50
Erbium Er 68 167.2600 8.98E+00 0.95
Thulium Tm 69 168.9300 1.35E+00 0.13
Ytterbium Yb 70 173.0400 8.88E+00 0.95
Lutetium Lu 71 174.9700 1.31E+00 0.12
Hafnium Hf 72 178.4900 5.52E+00 0.74
Tantalum Ta 73 180.9500 7.41E-01 -0.13
Tungsten W 74 183.8400 4.76E+00 0.68
Rhenium Re 75 186.2100 1.85E+00 0.27
Osmium Os 76 190.2300 2.42E+01 1.38
Iridium Ir 77 192.2200 2.37E+01 1.37
Platinum Pt 78 195.0800 4.80E+01 1.68
Gold Au 79 196.9700 6.70E+00 0.83
Mercury Hg 80 200.5900 1.22E+01 1.09
Thallium Tl 81 204.3800 6.59E+00 0.82
Lead Pb 82 207.2000 1.13E+02 2.05
Bismuth Bi 83 208.9800 5.16E+00 0.71
Polonium Po 84 -209.0000    
Astatine At 85 -210.0000    
Radon Rn 86 -222.0000    
Francium Fr 87 -223.0000    
Radium Ra 88 226.0200    
Actinium Ac 89 227.0300    
Thorium Th 90 232.0400 1.20E+00 0.08
Protactinium Pa 91 231.0400    
Uranium U 92 238.0300 3.22E-01 -0.49


The total number of atoms in the SAD is 1.098 x 1012
The mean molecular weight is 1.298 gm/mole