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Affirmative Action Facts |
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Resegregation in higher education
Segregation in
Michigan and around the country
Racial bias in
standardized tests
Overcoming
Segregation of
the U of M Law School
Reversing the
ban on affirmative action in the UC System
Other
Resources
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Resegregation in Higher Education: |
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Stop the Resegregation
of Higher Education
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In California and Texas, the
elimination of affirmative action programs has had a devastating impact on
the number of black, Latina/o, and Native American students. In 1996,
prior to the recently reversed ban on affirmative action in the University
of California (UC) system, the entering class of the UCLA Law School
included 10.3% black students. In 1999, after the elimination of
race-based affirmative action, the UCLA Law School used extensive minority
outreach programs, "socioeconomic affirmative action", and a holistic
admission review system to try to restore the proportion of
underrepresented minority students at the law school. Despite these
efforts, the 2000 entering class at the UCLA Law School consisted of
only 1.4% black students.
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At the University of Texas
Law School, Latino/a student enrollment has been cut in half since
affirmative action programs were outlawed in 1995.
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In 1994-1996, 13 Filipina/o
students were enrolled in UC Berkeley's Boalt Hall Law School. In
1996-2000, after the elimination of the law school's affirmative action
program, only 3 Filipina/os were enrolled at Boalt Hall.
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The number of women
faculty has decreased by 22% throughout the UC System since the
take-away of affirmative action.
For more on the effects of
the elimination of affirmative action programs in California and Texas:
Trial testimony of Eugene Garcia, Dean
of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Education, expert witness for the
student defendant-intervenors in the University of Michigan Law School
affirmative action case, Grutter v. Bollinger
Trial testimony of Gary Orfield,
Director of the Harvard Civil Rights Project, expert witness for the
student defendant-intervenors in the University of Michigan Law School
affirmative action case, Grutter v. Bollinger
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Segregation in Michigan and around the country |
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Stand up for the right of
Michigan students to
Break through the segregation of
K-12 education
and receive an integrated and
diverse higher education
Michigan is one of four
“absolute centers of segregation in the nation. K-12 education in Michigan
is very segregated. 83% of Michigan’s black students are in segregated
schools, many white law students at the University of Michigan Law School
report having little to no contact with minority students before attending
the University of Michigan Law School. Affirmative action plans are
essential to breaking down segregated educational environments. “
– From the Trial Testimony of Gary Orfield,
Director of the Harvard Civil Rights Project, expert witness for the
student defendant-intervenors in the University of Michigan Law School
affirmative action case, Grutter v. Bollinger
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Racial Bias in Standardized Tests: |
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Stand up for
Equal Educational Opportunity
The LSAT, SAT, and other
standardized tests are racially and culturally biased and discriminatory.
While economic status and gender affects test scores, race and ethnicity
are the decisive factors in determining students’ test scores. Low income
white students receive higher test scores than upper middle class black
and Latino students:
Mean LSAT Scores for Ethnic
Groups
of Various Socioeconomic Status,
1991 First-Year Law School Students
(Testimony of David White, Exhibit 220)
Black, Latino/a, Native
American and other underrepresented minority students who overcome the
inequality of educational opportunity in K-12 education and the racially
hostile environment on college campuses to earn the same GPAs as their
white counterparts score far lower on the LSAT – for black students, the
gap is 9.2 points on average. In other words, a black and U-M graduate
with a 3.7 GPA will score 9.2 points lower on the LSAT than a white U-M
graduate with the same GPA.
– From the Trial Testimony of David White,
Directory of Testing for the Public, testing expert witness for the
student defendant-intervenors in the University of Michigan Law School
affirmative action case, Grutter v. Bollinger.
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Overcoming
Segregation of the U of M Law School: |
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Stand up for maintaining an
Integrated and Diverse University of Michigan
Before the implementation of
affirmative action,
the University of Michigan Law School was virtually 100% white.
Between 1950 and 1970, the University of Michigan Law School graduated
5,573 people. Of these graduates, 5,543 were white, 30 were black, and
none were Latino/a, Asian American, or Native American. These figures
stand in stark contrast to the demographics of the 2000 entering class of
the University of Michigan Law School which is 28% minority students.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW SCHOOL GRADUATING CLASSES BY YEAR:
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
White: 239 255 240 334 293 297 353 350 330 350
Black and all 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 5
other minority:
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
White: 245 350 418 446 342 357 368 376 356 378
Black and all 9 11 20 41 19 31 29 38 36 28
other minority:
* Affirmative action was implemented at UMLS in 1966
– From the
Trial Testimony of Professor John Hope
Franklin, one of the nation’s premiere scholars on black history
and expert witness for the student defendant intervenors in the University
of Michigan Law School affirmative action case, Grutter v. Bollinger.
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Reversing the Ban on Affirmative Action
in the University of California System: |
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Join the New Civil
Rights Movement!
Defeat the Attacks on Affirmative Action!
Vote Defend Affirmative Action Party-DAAP!
On May 16, 2001, the University of
California Regents voted unanimously to reverse the ban on affirmative
action throughout the UC System.
Struggling together, we can defeat the attack on affirmative action and
integration and move American society towards justice and equality. On
March 8, 2001, six years of pro-affirmative action and integration
education and student and youth organizing culminated in a march and rally
of over 7,000 people at the University of California at Berkeley.
University and high school students marched through the streets demanding
the reversal of the ban on affirmative action. The May 16 action by the UC
Regents was in response to the growing pro-affirmative action and
integration movement led by the Defend Affirmative Action Party on the
student government of the UC Berkeley campus.
- For more on how the affirmative action struggle in California relates to
the University of Michigan litigation, see the
Trial Testimony of Tania Kappner,
student defendant-intervenor and UC Berkeley DAAP member & Oakland
teacher
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Other
Resources |
Including, most notably,
the groundbreaking case made by the student-intervenor defendants.
Three DAAP members testified as student witnesses: Erika Dowdell,
U of M DAAP member and current MSA LS&A Representative, Connie
Escobar, former U of M Law School DAAP candidate, and Tania Kappner,
DAAP member at UC Berkeley and current Oakland teacher
paid by daap@umich.edu |