Problems

1) Use the reaction pathways discussed in the Reactions section in order to create a model of the catalytic ozone depletion caused by chlorine ions in the stratosphere. The typical conditions of the stratosphere 30 km above the Earth's surface are 300ºK and 1,000 Pa. Initial concentration rates and rate coefficients at these conditions are available through the NIST Kinetics Website and Brasseur and Soloman's Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere. Apply a PSSH (pseudo-steady-state hypothesis) to the free radical ions, in order to obtain differential equations that can be solved through Polymath. Analyze your numerical and graphical results to gain a better understanding of your proposed model.

2) You are a scientist from Mars (Venus, of course, if you are a lady), and you plan to dominate the Earth by eliminating all human beings on the planet. After a careful study of their atmosphere, you have determined that these treacherous humans rely on a layer of ozone in their atmosphere for protection from deadly UV-B and UV-C radiation. As a scientist from Mars or Venus, you hope to accomplish complete extermination of the humans by decreasing the concentration of ozone by a factor of 10. The only method for destroying ozone that your current technology is capable of is increasing the initial concentration of chlorine in the stratosphere using the Chlorineaddemophier. Unfortunately, the humans will notice and rectify the effects of the Chlorineaddemophier within 1000 seconds.

Being a cost efficient Martian (or Venusian) scientist, you want the Chlorineaddemophier to do as little work as possible. The task set before you is to determine the lowest initial concentration of chlorine needed in the stratosphere to decrease the ozone layer by a factor of 10 in 1000 seconds.