[1] Riggio, Thomas P. "Biography of Theodore Dreiser." Penn Library.

        http://www.library.upenn.edu/collections/rbm/dreiser/tdbio.html. 2000.

[2] Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City. New York: Vintage Books. 2004. Page 305.

[3] Larson, 306.

[4] Image from http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap6/dreiser.html.

        Altered by Trent Polack for stylistic purposes.

[5] Lee, Don. "About Stuart Dybek: A Profile." Ploughshares - The Literary Journal at Emerson College.

        http://www.pshares.org/issues/article.cfm?prmArticleID=4466. 1998.

[6] Dybek, Stuart. The Coast of Chicago. New York: Picador. 1990. Back Cover.

[7] Plath, James. "An Interview with Stuart Dybek." The Cream City Review.

        http://titan.iwu.edu/~jplath/dybek.html. 1998.

[8] Image from http://www.wiu.edu/unews/release.sphp?id=2679.

        Altered by Trent Polack for stylistic purposes.

[9] Douglas, Ann. "Introduction." Studs Lonigan. New York: Penguin Books. 2001. ix

[10] Rochette-Crawley, Susan. "Farrell, James T.. (1904-1979)." Literary Encyclopedia.

        http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1487. April 2, 2004.

[11] Douglas, ix.

[12] Landers, Robert K. An Honest Writer: The Life and Times of James T. Farrell. Encounter Books. 2004.

[13] Image from an article on http://www.sfgate.com/.

        Altered by Trent Polack for stylistic purposes.

[14] Rayson, Ann. "Richard Wright's Life." Modern American Poetry. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

        http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/s_z/r_wright/wright_life.htm. Accessed on April 4, 2005.

[15] O'Dell, Larry. "Federal Writer's Project." Oklahoma Historical Society.

        http://www.ok-history.mus.ok.us/enc/fedwriters.htm. Accessed on April 4, 2005.

[16] Image from http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/richard_wright.html.

        Altered by Trent Polack for stylistic purposes.

[17] Campbell, Donna M. "Realism in American Literature, 1860-1890." Gonzaga University.

        http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/realism.htm. January 10, 2005.

[18] Campbell, Donna M. "Naturalism in American Literature." Gonzaga University.

        http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl413/natural.htm. January 10, 2005.