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1920.0 |
(Teddy Roosevelt president) |
1920.1 |
League of Nations discussions; Red Army captures Odessa |
1920.2 |
19th Amendment: women's right to vote: Marconi opens first public broadcasting system in England |
1920.3 |
Unemployment insurance introduced in England; Harding elected president; Pittsburgh radio braodcasts election results |
1920.4 |
Russian civil war ends; Emergence of Gandhi in India; Rohrschock devises inkblot test; Submachine gun invented; First airmail flight SF -> NY |
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1921.0 |
(Harding president) |
1921.1 |
First regular radio program in US |
1921.2 |
Capital punishment abolished in Sweden; Discovery of bacteriophages |
1921.3 |
Oberth writes `The Rocket into Interplanetary Space'; KKK becomes violently active |
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1922.0 |
(Harding president) |
1922.1 |
Gandhi sentenced to 6 years in prison |
1922.2 |
Joyce's Ulysses |
1922.3 |
Mussolini forms fascist government; 1922.3 Self winding wristwatch |
1922.4 |
USSR formed; First use of insulin for diabetes |
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1923.0 |
(Harding, then Coolidge president) |
1923.1 |
First birth control clinic: Earthquake kills 120,000 in Japan, esp Tokyo |
1923.2 |
Hubble discovers ''distance-indicating'' star in Andromeda nebula |
1923.4 |
Teapot Dome scandal in DC; Harding dies; Coolidge succeeds; KKK violence increases |
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1924.0 |
(Coolidge president) |
1924.1 |
Wave theory of matter |
1924.2 |
US bill limits immigrants, excludes Japanese |
1924.3 |
Will Rogers at height of fame; First insecticides; Leopold/Loeb trial for kidnap/murder |
1924.4 |
Coolidge elected president |
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1925.0 |
(Coolidge president) |
1925.1 |
Heisenberg and Bohr develop quantum mechanics |
1925.2 |
Pauli exclusion principle on statistic structure of atoms |
1925.3 |
Scopes `monkey trial' on teaching evolution |
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1926.0 |
(Coolidge president) |
1926.1 |
Goddard fires first liquid fuel rocket; Heisenberg further develops quantum physics |
1926.2 |
First 16mm movie film |
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1927.0 |
(Coolidge president) |
1927.1 |
German economic system collapses |
1927.2 |
Pavlov writes on `conditioned reflexes'; Lindbergh's flight to Paris |
1927.3 |
Babe Ruth hits 60 home runs |
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1928.0 |
(Coolidge president) |
1928.1 |
Beginning of first Soviet 5-year plan; Discovery of Penicillin |
1928.2 |
Veronoff: `Conquest of Life' on gland transplanting; First scheduled TV broadcast; Amelia Earhart flies across Atlantic Ocean |
1928.3 |
Color movies |
1928.4 |
Herbert Hoover elected president |
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1929.0 |
(Hoover president) |
1929.1 |
St. Valentine's Day gangland massacre in Chicago |
1929.2 |
Graf Zeppelin flies around world; Estrone isolated; vitamin B1 discovered |
1929.3 |
Quartz crystal clock for precise time keeping |
1929.4 |
Hubble measures red shifts in spectra of extra-galactic nebulae; Stock market crash (Oct 28) |
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1930.0 |
(Hoover president) |
1930.1 |
Pluto discovered; Photoflash bulb; First talk about `technocracy'; Artificial fabrics |
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1931.0 |
(Hoover president) |
1931.2 |
Lansky discovers radio interference from Milky Way; Papal encyclical on `new social order'; Cyclotron invented; Deuterium discovered |
1931.3 |
Submarine Nautilus under Arctic Ocean |
1931.4 |
Al Capone jailed; Nonstop flight Tokyo - US; Fascists rise throughout western world |
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1932.0 |
(Hoover president) |
1932.1 |
Hindenburg defeats Hitler for German presidency, but Nazis get 230 Reichstag seats; Discovery of positron and neutron; Lindbergh baby kidnapped; Famine in USSR begins, as does second five-year plan |
1932.2 |
Earhart flies solo across Atlantic; Foundations of radio astronomy |
1932.4 |
FD Roosevelt elected US President, calls for New Deal; Vitamin D discovered; Work begun on Golden Gate Bridge |
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1933.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1933.1 |
FDR introduces `New Deal'; creates Public Works Administration; Hitler becomes chancellor and later dictator; Reichstag fire in Berlin |
1933.2 |
First German concentration camps |
1933.3 |
Chicago World's Fair (`century of progress'); Nazis gets 92% of German vote |
1933.4 |
Starvation in USSR; 21st Amendment: repeal of prohibition |
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1934.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1934.2 |
Hitler, voted Fuhrer, promotes assassinations in Germany and Austria |
1934.4 |
Stalin begins bloody purge in USSR |
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1935.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1935.1 |
Nazis repute Treaty of Versailles; First aircraft radar; First sulfa drug |
1935.3 |
US Social Security Act |
1935.4 |
CIO organized |
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1936.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1936.1 |
German troops occupy Rhineland |
1936.3 |
Spanish civil war begins; Hoover dam; Jesse Owens stars in Berlin Olympics; Life magazine begins |
1936.4 |
Artificial heart; Mussolini and Hitler ally; King Edward VIII abdicates to marry US divorcee; Reelection of FDR; Hauptman convicted of killing Lindbergh baby; Johnstown PA flood |
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1937.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1937.1 |
Death of Amelia Earhart |
1937.2 |
FDR signs neutrality act; Insulin used for diabetes; Nylon patented; Hindenberg disaster, described live on radio |
1937.3 |
Japanese seize Peking and other Chinese cities; Royal commission recommends establishment of Jewish and Arab states; First jet engine |
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1938.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1938.1 |
Japanese install puppet government in China; Gas masks issued to English civilians |
1938.2 |
Franco begins offensive in Spain; Germany occupies Sudeten in Czechoslovakia |
1938.3 |
Ball point pen; Reber receives short waves from Milky Way |
1938.4 |
Vitamins E and B6 |
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1939.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1939.1 |
Barium obtained my bombarding uranium with neutrons; Possibility arises of splitting atom |
1939.2 |
Death of Freud; Franco wins Spanish civil war |
1939.3 |
Germany occupies Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia; Italy invades Albania; Germany invades Poland and World War II begins (Sep 1); England and France declare war (Sep 3) |
1939.4 |
Nylon stockings on sale |
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1940.0 |
(F D Roosevelt president) |
1940.1 |
War in Europe and Asia; Rationing in Britain; Germany invades Norway and Denmark; Churchill becomes Prime Minister; Giant cyclotron built in California; Penicillin becomes more practical, esp as an antibiotic |
1940.2 |
Electron microscope; First helicopter flight; Germany invades Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg; Germans enter Paris (Jun 14) |
1940.3 |
Battle of Britain begins: London blitz |
1940.4 |
FDR reelected |
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1941.0 |
(FD Roosevelt president) |
1941.1 |
Underwater photography; Construction begins on Panama Canal |
1941.2 |
Germans invade Russia (Jun 22) |
1941.3 |
Discovery of plutonium |
1941.4 |
Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor (Dec 8); US and GB declare war on Japan (Dec 9); US declares war on Germany and Italy |
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1942.0 |
(FD Roosevelt president) |
1942.1 |
Japan captures Dutch East Indies, Burma, Singapore; First automatic computer in US |
1942.2 |
US bombs Tokyo; Nazis burn Lidice in Bohemia; Japanese-American internment |
1942.3 |
Holocaust begins in concentration camps |
1942.4 |
US attacks North Africa; Germans work on V2 rocket; First sustained nuclear reaction at U of Chicago; Testing of first US jet plane |
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1943.0 |
(F.D. Roosevelt president) |
1943.1 |
Russians destroy German army east of Stalingrad |
1943.2 |
Warsaw ghetto massacre |
1943.3 |
Allies recapture much of north Africa; Allies invade Italy; Italy surrenders to Eisenhower; Allied round the clock bombing of Germany; Discovery of streptomycin US polio epidemic |
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1944.0 |
(F.D. Roosevelt president) |
1944.2 |
D-Day landing on Normandy (Jun); VI bombs hit London |
1944.3 |
V2 rockets hit London; US troops enter Germany |
1944.4 |
FDR reelected; Battle of the Bulge begins at Ardenne; Vietnam declares independence from France |
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1945.0 |
(F.D. Roosevelt president; later Truman) |
1945.1 |
Russians take Warsaw; Yalta conference |
1945.2 |
FDR dies; Truman succeeds; UN Charter (Jun); Suicide of Hitler; Surrender of Germany (May); End of European War (May) |
1945.3 |
First atomic bomb test in NM; US drops atomic bomb at Hiroshima (Aug); US drops atomic bomb at Nagasaki (Aug); Japan surrenders and World War II ends (Aug); War death toll: 35 million + 10 million in concentration camps |
1945.4 |
Nationalists and communists fight in China; Nuremberg trials begin |
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1946.0 |
(Truman president) |
1946.1 |
ENIAC computer dedicated |
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1947.0 |
(Truman president) |
1947.2 |
Marshall Plan for reconstruction of Europe; UN announces plan to partition Palestine; Flying saucer reports in US |
1946.3 |
Jackie Robinson signs baseball contract; Indian independence |
1947.4 |
First supersonic flight; Invention of transistor |
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1948.0 |
(Truman president) |
1948.1 |
University of Michigan wins Rose Bowl 49-0 over USC; Gandhi assassinated; Invention of LP record |
1948.2 |
200'' Mount Palomar telescope dedicated; Jewish state born |
1948.3 |
Berlin airlift |
1948.4 |
Narrow reelection of Truman; Kinsey Report on US sexual behavior |
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1949.0 |
(Truman president) |
1949.1 |
Communist Mao Tse-tung wins rule of China: Chiang Kai-shek and his army flee to Formosa; USSR tests its first atomic bomb |
1949.2 |
France grants independence to Vietnam; Britain recognizes independence of Ireland |
1949.3 |
US launches guided missile; Israel admitted to UN; capital moved to Jerusalem; Apartheid policy established in South Africa; Berlin airlift ends |
1949.4 |
Holland grants independence to Indonesia |
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1950.0 |
(Truman president) |
1950.1 |
Communist Chinese forces occupy Tibet; Rise of Senator Joe McCarthy |
1950.2 |
North Korea invades South Korea; Californium and Berkelium discovered; Einstein writes `General Theory of Relativity.' |
1950.3 |
UN forces under Gen. MacArthur recapture Seoul |
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1951.0 |
(Truman president) |
1951.1 |
Korean war continues; 22nd Amendment: presidential term limit |
1950.2 |
Color TV introduced in US |
1951.3 |
Peron reelected president of Argentina |
1951.4 |
Electric power from atomic power |
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1952.0 |
(Truman president) |
1952.1 |
Queen Elizabeth II succeeds to British throne; Contraception pill produced |
1952.4 |
US test hydrogen bomb; Eisenhower elected US President |
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1953.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1953.1 |
Tito elected president of Yugoslavia; Prehistoric paintings found in French caves |
1953.2 |
Stalin dies, succeeded by Malenkov; Rosenbergs executed as atomic spies |
1953.3 |
Korean armistice signed; Vietnamese rebels attack Laos; USSR explodes hydrogen bomb; Mt Everest first scaled |
1953.4 |
Lung cancer linked to cigarette smoking |
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1954.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1954.1 |
Jonas Salk inoculates Pittsburgh children against polio |
1954.2 |
Vietnamese communists take Dien Bien Phu; US Supreme Court outlaws segregation in public schools; Senator McCarthy and House on Unamerican Activities bring their hunt to TV |
1954.3 |
Roger Bannister breaks four-minute mile |
1954.4 |
US Senate censures McCarthy |
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1955.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1955.2 |
Peron resigns |
1955.3 |
Einstein dies at age 86 |
1955.4 |
Blacks in Montgomery boycott segregated city bus system |
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1956.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1956.1 |
Rock and Roll in vogue; Tension in Middle East |
1956.2 |
Khruschev denounces Stalinism; Actress Grace Kelly weds Prince Rainier of Monaco |
1956.3 |
Sabin develops oral anti-polio vaccine |
1956.4 |
Reelection of Eisenhower; Nixon Vice President; Emergence of Martin Luther King; Castro begins civil war against Batista in Cuba |
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1957.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1957.2 |
Nobelium (element 102) discovered |
1957.4 |
USSR launches Sputnik satellites; US bemoans their science inferiority; Eisenhower sends troops to Little Rock in high school desegregation crisis; Baseball Giants and Dodgers move from NY to California |
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1958.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1958.1 |
Khruschev heads USSR; European Common Market officially begins |
1958.2 |
DeGaulle elected president of France; Alaska becomes 49th state |
1958.3 |
NASA established |
1958.4 |
US launches moon rocket (doesn't get there) |
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1959.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1959.1 |
Castro expels Batista from Cuba, expropriates US-owned sugar mills; USSR successful launches: one with 2 monkeys aboard, one reaches moon, one circles moon |
1959.3 |
Hawaii becomes 50th state; Eisenhower halts steelworker and longshoremen strikes |
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1960.0 |
(Eisenhower president) |
1960.1 |
Brezhnev becomes USSR premier |
1960.2 |
USSR shoots down Gary Powers in a US spy plane over Russia; First US weather satellite; US nuclear submarine Triton circumnavigates earth underwater |
1960.3 |
Former Gestapo chief Eichmann arrested; J F Kennedy debates Nixon on TV; Laser devises |
1960.4 |
Brasilia built to become new capital of Brazil; Charles Van Doren admits perjury in quiz show inquiry; Kennedy elected US president |
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1961.0 |
(J F Kennedy president) |
1961.1 |
Kennedy establishes Peace Corps as he had promised earlier on steps of UM Student Union; Yuri Gagarin orbits earth |
1961.2 |
Alan Shepard makes first successful US manned space flight; CIA-backed Cuban exiles in US attempt futile (Bay of Pigs) invasion of Cuba; Kennedy takes blame for Bay of Pigs fiasco |
1961.3 |
Berlin Wall constructed |
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1962.0 |
(J F Kennedy president) |
1962.1 |
More US astronauts, including Glenn, Shepard and Schirra; Eichmann hanged after trial |
1962.2 |
Rachel Carson writes ``Silent Spring'' |
1962.2 |
Thalidomide causes children to be born with deformities |
1962.3 |
US marshals enforce admission of James Meredith to University of Mississippi; US confronts USSR ships in blockade of Cuba |
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1963.0 |
(J F Kennedy; later L B Johnson) |
1963.1 |
First female astronaut (USSR) |
1963.3 |
Birmingham, Alabama race riots; MLK arrested; 200,000 hear MLK's I Have a Dream speech |
1963.4 |
US supports Buddhist coup in Vietnam; Assassination of JFK by Lee Harvey Oswald (Nov 22); Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) sworn in as president; Ruby kills Oswald in front of TV audience; DeBakey uses artificial heart during heart surgery |
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1964.0 |
(L B Johnson president) |
1964.1 |
``Brain drain'' emigration of British scientists to US; Zanzibar (Tanzania), Zambia and later Kenya become republics; 24th Amendment: bans poll tax; Turks and Greeks fight over Cyprus |
1964.3 |
US destroyer attacked off North Vietnam; Warren Commission says no conspiracy in JFK assassination; Kosygin replaces Khruschev as head of USSR; Race riots in US cities |
1964.4 |
LBJ reelected |
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1965.0 |
(L B Johnson president) |
1965.1 |
LBJ institutes Great Society Plan, under leadership of UM Economist Gardner Ackley; Malcolm X shot in NY; MLK leads Alabama march after racial violence in Selma, AL |
1965.2 |
North Vietnam aircraft shoot down US jets; USSR and US spacewalks |
1965.3 |
Severe race riots in Watts district of Los Angeles; Mariner 4 sends back many photos from above Mars |
1965.4 |
Northeast US (including NYC) suffers power blackout; births increase 9 months later; US Students protest widening US involvement in Vietnam |
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1966.0 |
(L B Johnson president) |
1966.1 |
DeGaulle begins second term as president of France; Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of India |
1966.2 |
USSR and US spacecraft make soft landings on moon |
1966.3 |
Israel-Jordan forces fight; DeBakey implants artificial heart |
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1967.0 |
(L B Johnson president) |
1967.1 |
Israel-Syria conflict; Three US astronauts die on launching pad |
1967.2 |
US bombs Hanoi; Israel wins 6-Day War against Arab nations |
1967.3 |
DeGaulle urges independence for Quebec; Death of Che Guevara; DC anti-war protest; LBJ appoints Thurgood Marshall to US Supreme Court; Black riots in Cleveland, Newark and Detroit; China explodes hydrogen bomb; First human heart transplant |
1967.4 |
MLK leads anti-Vietnam War March in NYC; About 500,000 US troops in Vietnam |
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1968.0 |
(L B Johnson president) |
1968.1 |
Viet Cong successful Tet counter-offensive; Sen. Robert Kennedy announces presidential campaign; Pres Johnson announces that he will not seek reelection |
1968.2 |
MLK assassinated in Memphis; R F Kennedy assassinated in LA, just after victory speech for California primary |
1968.3 |
Riots and police brutality mark Democratic convention in Chicago; Soviet troops invade Czechoslovakia to thwart independence drive |
1968.4 |
Richard Nixon elected president; Apollo 7 orbits earth for 11 days with 3 astronauts; Apollo 8 orbits moon with 3 astronauts |
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1969.0 |
(Nixon president) |
1969.1 |
Violent fighting begins in Northern Ireland; First supersonic flight by commercial SST Concorde |
1969.2 |
Mariner space probes send back photos of Mars surface |
1969.3 |
Woman killed as Sen Edward Kennedy's car plunges off bridge after party; Apollo 11 lands on moon; Astronaut Armstrong and crew walk on moon's surface |
1969.4 |
US bans pesticide DDT; First `Moratorium' day of student protest against Vietnam War |
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1970.0 |
(Nixon president) |
1970.2 |
US invades Cambodia; 4 students protesting the war at Kent State are killed by National Guard |
1970.3 |
USSR lands unmanned Luna 16 and 17 on moon and Venera 7 on Venus; Cyclones kill 1/2 million in Pakistan; Apollo 13's troubled flight |
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1971.0 |
(Nixon president) |
1971.1 |
Vietnam war spreads to Laos and Cambodia; US ping pong team hosted in China; Idi Amin starts Ugandan dictatorship; Lt. Calley found guilty in trial for My Lai massacre in Vietnam |
1971.2 |
26th Amendment allowing 18 year olds to vote; NY Times publishes Pentagon Papers detailing inside decisions regarding Vietnam |
1971.3 |
Nixon freezes wages and prices; Crews of Apollo 14 and 15 explore moon's surface; cosmonauts die on reentry of Soyuz 11 to earth; Police storm Attica Prison, 10 guards and 32 prisoners killed |
1971.4 |
USSR soft lands space capsule on Mars; Discovery of two new galaxies adjacent to Milky Way; US conducts large scale bombings of North Vietnam |
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1972.0 |
(Nixon presdent) |
1972.1 |
Paris Peace Talks try to end Vietnam War; Nixon visits China and Russia |
1972.2 |
Arrest of 5 burglars at Watergate Complex; administration covers up burglars' motives; Candidate George Wallace shot and paralyzed; Crews of Apollo 16 and 17 each spend about 3 days on moon |
1972.3 |
Arab terrorists hit Munich Olympics; 11 Israeli sthletes killed |
1972.4 |
After years of violence, Britain takes direct control of Northern Ireland; US mines North Vietnamese ports; Nixon reelected; Agnew vice president; By end of year, fewer than 24,000 US troops in Vietnam |
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1973.0 |
(Nixon president) |
1973.1 |
Continued violence in Northern Ireland; Vietnam peace treaty; though some fighting continues |
1973.2 |
Arabs and Israelis fight; Watergate scandal spreads to White House; Nixon's aides resign; Senate Watergate hearings on television; Pioneer 10 launched, will send back TV pictures from near surface of Jupiter; designated hitter rule in baseball |
1973.3 |
Nixon turns over tape recordings of all White House conversations -- with critical gaps; Vice President Agnew resigns after tax evasion charge |
1973.4 |
Gerald Ford new vice president; Arab oil producing nations embargo shipments to west, precipating major oil crisis and economic crises; Peron and wife elected pres and vice pres of Argentina; OJ Simpson sets 1 year football rushing record; |
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1974.0 |
(Nixon president: later G Ford) |
1974.1 |
World wide inflation rises after oil crisis; Kissinger mediates war between Israel and Syria; Kidnapping of heiress Patricia Hearst by Symbionese Liberation Army, later joins them in bank robbery; Year round daylight savings time to conserve fuel |
1974.2 |
Peron dies, succeeded by his wife; North Ireland terrorism spreads to London; Turks and Greeks battle in Cyprus; Mariner 10 sends back detailed pictures of Venus and Mercury; USSR probe finds much water vapor on Mars; India test nuclear bomb |
1974.3 |
Aaron breaks Ruth's lifetime home run record; Nixon resigns in wake of Watergate Crisis; Ford now president; Ford pardons Nixon and Vietnam War draft evaders; Streaking becomes a fad |
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1975.0 |
(Ford president) |
1975.2 |
Last US personnel leave Vietnam; Khmer Rouge take over Cambodia; Galaxy 3C123 discovered: 8 billion light years away and 5-10 times larger than Milky Way |
1975.3 |
2 assassination attempts on President Ford; Joint US/USSR space endeavors. |
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