Industry Affiliation Program for
Human Factors in Transportation Safety

Heavy Trucks, Conspicuity Treatment, and the Decline of Collision Risk in Darkness (Sullivan and Flannagan), Journal of Safety Research, 2012, vol. 43(3), pp. 157-161.

The Influence of Rear Turn-signal Characteristics on Crash Risk (Sullivan and Flannagan), Journal of Safety Research, 2012, vol. 43(1), pp. 59-65.

Effects of Automotive Interior Lighting on Driver Vision (Flannagan and Devonshire), Leukos, 2012, vol. 9(1), pp. 9-23.

Differences in Geometry of Pedestrian Crashes in Daylight and Darkness (Sullivan and Flannagan), Journal of Safety Research, 2011, vol. 42(1), pp. 33-37.

Trends and Characteristics of Animal-Vehicle Collisions in the United States (Sullivan), Journal of Safety Research, 2011, vol. 42(1), pp. 9-16.

Vehicle Kinematics in Turns and the Role of Cornering Lamps in Driver Vision (Sullivan and Flannagan), Leukos, 2011, vol. 7(4), pp. 263-271.

The Conspicuity of First-Responder Safety Garments (Tuttle, Sayer, and Buonarosa), Journal of Safety Research, 2009, vol. 40(3), pp. 191-196.

An Examination of Naturalistic Windshield Wiper Usage (Sayer, Wetzel, and Funkhouser), International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 2009, vol. 16(3), pp. 328-340.

Real-World Frequency of Use of Automotive Lighting Equipment (Buonarosa, Flannagan, and Bogard), Leukos, 2008, vol. 5(2), pp. 139-146.

Warning Reliability and Driver Performance in Naturalistic Driving (Sullivan, Tsimhoni, and Bogard), Human Factors, 2008, vol. 50, pp. 845-852.

The Roles of Garment Design and Scene Complexity in the Daytime Conspicuity of High-Visibility Safety Apparel (Sayer and Buonarosa), Journal of Safety Research, 2008, vol. 39, pp. 281-286.

Body-Pillar Vision Obstructions and Lane-Change Crashes (Sivak, Schoettle, Reed, and Flannagan), Journal of Safety Research, 2007, vol. 38, pp. 557-561.

Moon Phases and Nighttime Road Crashes Involving Pedestrians (Sivak, Schoettle, and Tsimhoni), Leukos, 2007, vol. 4(2), pp. 129-131.

Pedestrian Detection with Near and Far Infrared Night Vision Enhancement (Tsimhoni, Bärgman, and Flannagan), Leukos, 2007, vol. 4(2), pp. 113-128.

Determining the Potential Safety Benefit of Improved Lighting in Three Pedestrian Crash Scenarios (Sullivan and Flannagan), Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2007, vol. 39, pp. 638-647.

Recent Changes in Headlamp Illumination Directed Toward Traffic Signs (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Leukos, 2007, vol. 3(4), pp. 293-299.

Effects of Dedicated Stop-Lamps on Nighttime Rear-End Collisions (Luoma, Sivak, and Flannagan), Leukos, 2006, vol. 3(2), pp. 159-165.

Potential Visibility Gains on Straight and Curved Roads from Proportional Increases in Low-Beam Headlamp Intensities (Sivak, Schoettle, Minoda, and Flannagan), Lighting Research and Technology, 2006, vol. 38, pp. 259-266.

Influence of Visibility out of the Vehicle Cabin on Lane-Change Crashes (Sivak, Schoettle, Reed, and Flannagan), Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, vol. 38, pp. 969-972.

Mercury-Free HID Headlamps: Glare and Colour Rendering (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Lighting Research and Technology, 2006, vol. 38, pp. 33-40.

Effectiveness of Clear-Lens Turn Signals in Direct Sunlight (Sivak, Schoettle, Flannagan, and Minoda), Leukos, 2006, vol. 2(3), pp. 199-209.

Radiant Heat and Thermal Comfort in Vehicles (Devonshire and Sayer), Human Factors, 2005, vol. 47, pp. 827-839.

Short-Wavelength Content of LED Headlamps and Discomfort Glare (Sivak, Schoettle, Minoda, and Flannagan), Leukos, 2005, vol. 2(2), pp. 145-154.

Optimal Strategies for Adaptive Curve Lighting (Sivak, Schoettle, Flannagan, and Minoda), Journal of Safety Research, 2005, vol. 36, pp. 281-288.

Recent Trends in the Performance of Tungsten-Halogen and HID Low-Beam Headlamps in the U.S. (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Leukos, 2005, vol. 1(4), pp. 61-72.

LED Headlamps: Glare and Colour Rendering (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Lighting Research and Technology, 2004, vol. 36, pp. 295-305.

High Visibility Safety Apparel and Nighttime Conspicuity of Pedestrians in Work Zones (Sayer and Mefford), Journal of Safety Research, 2004, vol. 35, pp. 537-546.

Color Separation Near the Cutoff of Low Beam Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Schoettle, and Adachi), Leukos, 2004, vol. 1(2), pp. 57-68.

The Illuminated Surface Areas of High-Intensity Discharge and Tungsten Halogen Headlamps in the U.S.A. (Schoettle, Sivak, Flannagan, and Adachi), Lighting Research and Technology, 2004, vol. 36, pp. 243-250.

Performance of the First Generation of HID Headlamps in the U.S. (Sivak, Flannagan, Schoettle, and Nakata), Leukos, 2004, vol. 1(1), pp. 67-84.

High-Beam Headlamp Usage on Unlighted Rural Roadways (Sullivan, Adachi, Mefford, and Flannagan), Lighting Research and Technology, 2004, vol. 36, pp. 59-67.

Driving Performance with and Preference for High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Schoettle, and Mefford), Lighting Research and Technology, 2004, vol. 36, pp. 3-11.

Resistance of LED and Incandescent Front Turn Signals to Masking From Adjacent Headlamps (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Lighting Research and Technology, 2003, vol. 35, pp. 77-85.

The Role of Ambient Light Level in Fatal Crashes: Inferences from Daylight Saving Time Transitions (Sullivan and Flannagan), Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2002, vol. 34, pp. 487-498.

Field Measurements of Direct and Rearview-Mirror Glare from Low-Beam Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Schoettle, and Nakata), Lighting Research and Technology, 2002, vol. 34, pp. 101-110.

Leon Gaster Award (2002), The Society of Light and Lighting

Masking of Front Turn Signals by Headlamps in Combination with Other Front Lamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Schoettle, and Nakata), Lighting Research and Technology, 2001, vol. 33, pp. 233-242.

The Use of Parking and Auxiliary Lamps for Traffic Sign Illumination (Sivak, Flannagan, and Miyokawa), Journal of Safety Research, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 133-147.

A First Look at Visually Aimable and Internationally Harmonized Low-Beam Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, and Miyokawa), Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 2001, vol. 30, pp. 26-33.

Influence of Internally Reflected Sunlight on the Visibility of Vehicle Direction Indicators with Clear Lenses (Sivak, Flannagan, Kojima, and Traube), Lighting Research and Technology, 2000, vol. 32, pp. 27-31.

Effects of Overall Low-Beam Intensity on Seeing Distance in the Presence of Glare (Flannagan, Sivak, Traube, and Kojima), Transportation Human Factors, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 313-330.

Effects of Nonplanar Driver-Side Mirrors on Lane-Change Crashes (Luoma, Sivak, and Flannagan), Transportation Human Factors, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 279-289.

Color Identification in the Visual Periphery: Consequences for Color Coding of Vehicle Signals (Sivak, Flannagan, Miyokawa, and Traube), Transportation Human Factors, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 135-150.

Do Changes in Voltage Result in Proportional Changes Throughout Headlamp Beam Patterns? (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, and Miyokawa), Lighting Research and Technology, 1999, vol. 31, pp. 1-3.

Quantitative Comparisons of Factors Influencing the Performance of Low-Beam Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, and Miyokawa), Lighting Research and Technology, 1999, vol. 31, pp. 145-153.

The Influence of Stimulus Duration on Discomfort Glare for Persons With and Without Visual Correction (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, and Kojima), Transportation Human Factors, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 147-158.

Conspicuity and Glare Properties of Daytime Running Lights: Effects of Lamp Separation and Intensity (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube and Miyokawa), Transportation Human Factors, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 247-260.

Automobile Rear Signal Lamps: Effects of Realistic Levels of Dirt on Light Output (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, and Kojima), Lighting Research and Technology, 1998, vol. 30, pp. 24-28.

Are Driver-Side Convex Mirrors Helpful or Harmful? (Schumann, Sivak, and Flannagan), International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1998, vol. 19, pp. 29-40.

Glare and Mounting Height of High-Beam Headlamps Used as Daytime Running Lamps (Sivak, Flannagan, and Aoki), Lighting Research and Technology, 1997, vol. 29, pp. 206-210.

Effects of Turn-Signal Color on Reaction Times to Brake Signals (Luoma, Flannagan, Sivak, Aoki, and Traube), Ergonomics, 1997, vol. 40, pp. 62-68.

The Locations of Headlamps and Driver Eye Positions in Vehicles Sold in the U.S. (Sivak, Flannagan, Budnik, Flannagan, and Kojima), Ergonomics, 1997, vol. 40, pp. 872-878.

Daytime Veiling Glare and Driver Visual Performance: Influence of Rake Angle and Dashboard Reflectance (Schumann, Flannagan, Sivak, and Traube), Journal of Safety Research, 1997, vol. 28, pp. 133-146.

Low-Beam Headlamps: Effects of Realistic Levels of Dirt on Light Output (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, Kojima, and Aoki), Lighting Research and Technology, 1997, vol. 29, pp. 15-22.

Differentiation of Visibility and Alcohol as Contributors to Twilight Road Fatalities (Owens and Sivak), Human Factors, 1996, vol. 38, pp. 680-689.

Effects of Retroreflector Positioning on Nighttime Recognition of Pedestrians (Luoma, Schumann, and Traube), Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, vol. 28, pp. 377-383.

Effects of Driver-Side Mirror Type on Lane-Change Accidents (Luoma, Sivak, and Flannagan), Ergonomics, 1995, vol. 38, pp. 1973-1978.

Light Output of U.S., European, and Japanese Low-Beam Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, and Sato), Transportation Research Record, 1994, vol. 1456, pp. 99-111.

Effects of Voltage Drop on Rise Time and Light Output of Incandescent Brake Lamps on Trucks (Sivak, Sato, and Flannagan), Lighting Research and Technology, 1994, vol. 26, pp. 89-90.

In-Traffic Evaluations of High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, Battle, and Sato), Lighting Research and Technology, 1994, vol. 26, pp. 181-188.

Reaction Times to Neon, LED, and Fast Incandescent Brake Lamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Sato, Traube, and Aoki), Ergonomics, 1994, vol. 37, pp. 989-994.

The Influence of Truck Driver Eye Position on the Effectiveness of Retroreflective Traffic Signs (Sivak, Flannagan, and Gellatly), Lighting Research and Technology, 1993, vol. 25, pp. 31-36.

Subjective Preference for the Red Color of Stop Signs: Implications for the Design of High-Intensity-Discharge Headlamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Gellatly, and Luoma), Color Research and Applications, 1992, vol. 17, pp. 356-360.

Discomfort Glare is Task Dependent (Sivak, Flannagan, and Simmons), International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1991, vol. 12, pp. 152-159.

Colors of Retroreflective Sign Materials When Illuminated by High-Intensity-Discharge Headlamps (Sivak, Simmons, and Flannagan), International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1991, vol. 12, pp. 284-295.

Effect of Headlamp Area on Discomfort Glare (Sivak, Simmons, and Flannagan), Lighting Research and Technology, 1990, vol. 22, pp. 49-52.