Reverse-engineered from the Verb Index (http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/levin.html) 'English Verb Classes And Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation' by Beth Levin published by The University of Chicago Press, (C) 1993 University of Chicago. --------- ALTERNATION CLASSES : Chapters 1 through 8 --------- (Each verb is in at least one of these classes, in addition to the Verb Classes 9-57) NOTE: Chapters 1 through 8 below may include in each Alternation list: BOTH verbs that are subcategorized to undergo the alternation AND verbs that are subcategorized NOT to undergo the alternation. These differences are NOT marked here, since they're not marked in the Verb Index it came from. Therefore, BEWARE! Test verbs BEFORE deciding they are grammatical with the alternation. --------------------------------------------- 01.1.2.1 Causative/Inchoative Alternation abate accelerate acetify acidify administer advance age agglomerate air alkalify allocate allot alter ameliorate americanize annihilate appear arise assassinate assign atrophy attenuate awake awaken award balance bang bash batter beat belt bend bequeath birch bite blacken blast blitz bludgeon blunt blur bonk bore bounce brain break brighten broaden brown bruise bump burn burst butcher butt calcify cane capsize caramelize carbonify carbonize caress carve cede change char cheapen cheer chill chip chop claw clean clear clip clobber clog close club coagulate coarsen coil collapse collect come compress concede condense conk contract contribute cool corrode cosh crack crash crease crimson crinkle crisp crop crucify crumble crumple crush crystallize cube cudgel cuff cut dampen darken dash dawn de-escalate decelerate decentralize decimate decompose decrease deepen deflate defrost degenerate degrade dehumidify delight demagnetize democratize demolish dent depressurize desiccate destabilize destroy deteriorate detonate devastate dice die dim diminish dirty disappear disburse disintegrate dispatch dissipate dissolve distend distribute divide donate double drain drift drill drop drum dry dull ease electrocute eliminate emanate emerge empty emulsify energize enlarge ensue enthuse equalize erupt evaporate even eventuate evolve execute expand expire explode extend exterminate extirpate fade fatten federate feed file fill fillet firm flatten float flog flood flow fold forfeit fossilize fracture fray freeze freshen frost fructify fuse garrotte gash gasify gelatinize give gladden glide glutenize gouge grant granulate grate gray graze green grieve grind grow guarantee gush hack halt hammer hang happen harden harmonize hasten heal heat heighten hew hit humidify hush hybridize ignite immolate improve increase incubate inflate intensify iodize ionize issue kick kill kindle kiss knife knock lapse lash lease leave lend lengthen lessen level levitate lick light lighten lignify liquefy liquidate loan loop loose loosen macerate madden magnetize magnify mangle mash massacre materialize mature mellow melt mince moisten move mow muddy multiply murder narrow neaten neutralize nick nitrify notch nudge obliterate obsess occur offer open operate ossify overturn owe oxidize paddle paddywhack pale pass pat paw pay peck peddle perforate perish petrify pinch plop poison polarize pop pound prod proffer proliferate promise propagate prune pulverize pummel punch purify purple putrefy puzzle quadruple quicken quiet quieten rap ravage raze recur redden refer refund regularize reimburse rekindle relinquish remit render rent reopen repay reproduce restore result return revolve rip ripen rise roll rotate roughen round ruin rumple rupture sacrifice sadden saw scorch scrape scratch sear sell serve sharpen shatter shoot short short-circuit shorten shred shrink shrivel shut sicken silicify silver singe sink slack slacken slap slash slaughter slay slice slide slim slit slow slug smack smarten smash smooth smother snap snip soak sober sock soften solidify sour spank spear spin splay splinter split sprout squash squish stab stabilize steady steal steep steepen stem stiffen sting straighten strangle strap stratify stream strengthen stretch strike stroke submerge submit subside supervene surge surrender swat sweeten swing swipe tame tamp tan tap taper tauten tear tense thaw thicken thin thrash thrill thump thwack tickle tighten tilt tire topple touch toughen trade transfer transpire triple truncheon turn twirl twist ulcerate unfold unionize vanish vaporize vary vibrate vitrify volatilize vote waken wallop warm warp waste wax weaken weary westernize whack whip whirl whisk whiten widen will wind worry worsen wreck wrinkle yellow yield 01.1.2.2 Induced Action Alternation canter drive fly gallop jump leap march race run swim trot walk 01.1.2.3 Other Instances of Causative Alternation asphyxiate bang beam beep bivouac blare bleed blink board burp buzz choke clack clang clash clatter click dangle drown flash fly hang hoot jangle jingle lean lodge perch rest ring rustle settle shelter shine sit squeak squeal squirt stand stifle suffocate swing tinkle twang 01.1.3 Substance/Source Alternation belch bleed bubble dribble drip drool emanate exude gush leak ooze pour puff radiate seep shed spew spout sprout spurt squirt steam stream sweat 01.2.1 Unspecified Object Alternation bake carve chop clean cook crochet draw drink dust eat embroider fish hum hunt iron knead knit mend milk mow nurse pack paint play plow polish read recite sculpt sew sing sketch sow study sweep teach type vacuum wash weave whittle write 01.2.2 Understood Body-Part Object Alternation arch bare bark bat beat bite blink blow bob braid break bruise brush bump burn chip clap clench click clip close cock coldcream comb condition crane crimp crook crop cross curl cut drum dye file flap flash flex flick floss flutter fold fracture gnash grind hang henna hunch hurt injure kick knit lather manicure nick nod open part perm plait pluck point powder prick pucker pull purse raise rinse roll rouge rub rupture scald scratch set shake shampoo shave show shrug shuffle skin smack snap soap split sprain squint stamp strain stretch stub talc tease toss towel trim turn twiddle twist twitch wag waggle wash wave wiggle wink wring wrinkle 01.2.3 Understood Reflexive Object Alternation bark bathe bite bob braid break bruise brush bump burn change chip clip coldcream comb condition cram crimp crop curl curry cut disrobe dress dye exercise file floss fracture groom henna hurt injure jam jerk lather load manicure nick pack part perm plait pluck powder preen prick primp pull rinse rouge rupture scald scratch set shampoo shave shower skin soap split sprain strain strip stub talc tease towel trim turn twist undress wash wave yank 01.2.4 Understood Reciprocal Object Alternation agree argue banter bargain battle bicker box brawl chat chatter chitchat clash coexist collaborate collide combat commiserate communicate compete concur confabulate confer conflict consort consult converse cooperate correspond court cross cuddle date debate dicker differ disagree dispute dissent divorce duel elope embrace feud fight flirt gab gossip haggle hobnob hug intersect jest joke joust kiss marry mate meet mingle miss mix neck negotiate nuzzle pair pass pet play plot quarrel quibble rap rendezvous schmooze scuffle skirmish spar spat speak spoon squabble struggle talk tilt touch tussle vie visit war wrangle wrestle yak 01.2.5 PRO-arb Object Alternation abash admonish advise affect afflict affront aggravate agitate agonize alarm alert alienate amaze amuse anger annoy antagonize appall appease arouse assuage astonish astound awe baffle beguile bewilder bewitch boggle bore bother bug calm captivate caution chagrin charm cheer chill comfort concern confound confuse console content convince counsel cow crush cut daunt daze dazzle deject delight demolish demoralize depress devastate disappoint disarm discombobulate discomfit discompose disconcert discourage disgrace disgruntle disgust dishearten disillusion dismay dispirit displease disquiet dissatisfy distract distress disturb dumbfound elate electrify embarrass embolden enchant encourage engage engross enlighten enliven enrage enrapture entertain enthrall enthuse entice entrance exasperate excite exhaust exhilarate fascinate faze flabbergast flatter floor fluster frighten frustrate gall galvanize gladden gratify grieve harass haunt hearten horrify humble humiliate hurt hypnotize impress incense infuriate inspire instruct insult interest intimidate intoxicate intrigue invigorate irk irritate jar jollify jolt lull madden mesmerize miff mollify mortify move muddle mystify nauseate nettle numb obsess offend outrage overawe overwhelm pacify pain peeve perplex perturb pique placate plague please preoccupy provoke puzzle rankle reassure refresh relax relieve repel repulse revitalize revolt rile ruffle sadden satisfy scandalize scare shake shame shock sicken sober solace soothe spellbind spook stagger startle stimulate sting stir strike stump stun stupefy surprise tantalize tease tempt terrify terrorize threaten thrill throw tickle tire titillate torment touch transport trouble try unnerve unsettle uplift upset vex warn weary worry wound wow 01.2.6.1 Characteristic Property of Agent Alternation bite butt itch kick pinch prick scratch sting 01.2.6.2 Characteristic Property of Instrument Alternation clip cook cut hammer pinch prick record scratch slice sting write 01.2.7 "way" Object Alternation press push shove 01.2.8 Instructional Imperative attach bake beat boil cook cover mix pour put remove set stir 01.3 Conative Alternation airmail annihilate bang bash batter beat belt bend birch bite blitz bludgeon bolt bonk bore bounce brain break bruise bump butt cane caress carve chew chip chomp chop claw clip clobber club conk consume convey cosh crack crash crease crinkle crop crumple crunch crush cube cudgel cuff cut dab dash decimate deliver demolish dent destroy devastate devour dice dig dispatch draw drill drink drum eat express exterminate extirpate FedEx file fillet float flog fold forward fracture gash gnaw gobble gouge grate graze grind gulp guzzle hack hammer hand heave hew hit imbibe ingest jab jerk kick kiss knife knock lash lick mail mangle mash mince move mow munch nibble nick notch nudge obliterate paddle paddywhack pass pat paw peck perforate pick pinch poke port post pound press prod prune pull pulverize pummel punch push quaff rap ravage raze return rip roll rub ruin rumple saw scrape scratch send shatter shift ship shoot shove shred shunt sip slap slash slice slide slip slit slug slurp smack smash smuggle snap sneak snip sock spank spear splash splinter split spray squash squirt squish stab stick sting strap strike stroke suck swab swallow swat swig swill swipe tamp tap tear thrash thrust thump thwack tickle touch transfer transport truncheon tug UPS wallop waste whack whip whisk wolf wreck wrinkle yank 01.4.1 Locative Preposition Drop Alternation arrive ascend bicycle bike bounce canoe canter climb coil come cross depart descend drift drop escape flee float fly gallop glide go hike jeep jog jump leap leave move prowl raft ramble return revolve ride roam roll rotate rove row run sail shoot skate ski slide spin stroll swim swing traipse tramp travel trudge turn twirl twist vault wade walk wander whirl wind 01.4.2 "with" Preposition Drop Alternation agree argue banter bargain battle bicker box brawl chat chatter chitchat clash coexist collaborate collide combat commiserate communicate compete concur confabulate confer conflict consort consult converse cooperate correspond court cuddle date debate dicker differ disagree dispute dissent divorce duel elope embrace feud fight flirt gab gossip haggle hobnob hug jest joke joust kiss marry mate meet mingle mix neck negotiate nuzzle pair pass pet play plot quarrel quibble rap rendezvous schmooze scuffle skirmish spar spat speak spoon squabble struggle talk tilt tussle vie visit war wrangle wrestle yak 02.1 Dative Alternation accord acknowledge address adjudge adjudicate administer admit adopt advance allege allocate allot announce anoint appoint articulate ask assert assign assume avow award babble baptize barge bark bash bat bawl bear begrudge believe bellow bequeath bet bill bleat bode boom bounce brand bray bring broadcast bunt burble bus cable cackle call carol carry cart catapult cede chant charge chatter chirp christen chuck cite cluck communicate concede confess consecrate consider contribute convey coo cost credit croak croon crow crown cry declare decree deem delegate deliver demonstrate denounce deny describe designate dictate dispatch display distribute donate drag drawl drive drone drop dub e-mail elect elucidate entrust envy esteem exhibit explain explicate express extend fancy fax feed ferry find fine flash flick fling flip float fly forbid forfeit forgive forward furnish gabble gibber give grant groan growl grumble grunt guarantee hand haul heave heft hiss hit hoist holler hoot howl hurl illustrate imagine introduce issue jabber judge kick label lease leave lend lift lilt lisp loan lob lower lug mail make mark mention moan modem mulct mumble murmur mutter name narrate netmail nickname nominate offer ordain overcharge owe pass pay peddle phone pitch portray pose post preach present presume proclaim profess proffer promise pronounce propose prove provide pull punt purr push quote radio rage raise rasp rate read recite reckon recommend recount refer refund refuse reimburse relay remit render rent repay repeat report restore return reveal roar roll row rule rumble sacrifice satellite save say schlep scream screech sell semaphore send serve ship shoot shout shove show shriek shuttle sign signal sing slam slap slide sling slip smuggle snap snarl sneak snuffle spare splutter squall squawk squeak squeal stammer stamp state strike stutter style submit supply suppose surrender take tax teach telecast telegraph telephone telex tell term think throw thunder tip tisk toss tote tow trade transfer transport trill truck trumpet trust tug twitter undercharge vote vouchsafe wager wail want warble warrant wheel wheeze whimper whine whisper whistle whoop will wire wireless wish write yammer yap yell yelp yield yodel 02.2 Benefactive Alternation abduct accept accumulate acquire appropriate arrange assemble bake blend blow boil book borrow brew build buy cadge call capture carve cash cast catch charter chisel choose churn clean clear coin collect compile compose compute confiscate construct cook cop create crochet cut dance derive design designate develop dig draw earn emancipate embezzle embroider exact exorcise extort extract fabricate fashion favor fetch filch find fix flog fold forge form fry gain gather get grab grill grind grow hack hammer hardboil hatch hire hum ilfer impound indicate inherit invent iron keep kidnap knit lease leave liberate lift light make manufacture mint mix mold nab obtain order organize paint phone pick pinch pirate plagiarize play pluck poach pound pour prefer prepare procure produce pull purchase purloin reach receive recite reclaim recover recreate redeem regain rent repossess rescue reserve retrieve roast roll run rustle save scramble sculpt secure seize select set sew shape shoot sing slaughter smuggle snatch sneak softboil spin sponge steal stitch style swipe take thieve toast toss vote wangle wash weasel weave whistle whittle win winkle withdraw wrest write 02.3.1 Spray/Load Alternation adorn anoint arrange bandage bang bathe bestrew bind blanket block blot bombard brush carpet channel choke cloak clog clutter coat coil contaminate cover cram crowd cultivate curl dab dam dangle dapple daub deck decorate deluge dip dirty dot douse drape drench dribble drip drizzle drop dump dust edge embellish emblazon encircle encrust endow enrich entangle face festoon fill fleck flood frame funnel garland garnish hammer hang heap hoist imbue immerse impregnate infect inject inlay install interlace interlard interleave intersperse interweave inundate jam ladle lard lash lay lean lift line litter load lodge loop lower mask mottle mound mount ornament pack pad pave perch pile place plant plaster plate plug pollute position pound pour prick pump push put raise rake ram replenish repopulate rest riddle ring ripple robe roll rub saturate scatter scoop scrape season seed set settle sew shake shovel shower shroud siphon sit situate slather sling slop slosh smear smother smudge soak soil sow spatter speckle spew spill spin splash splatter splotch spoon spot spray spread sprinkle spritz spurt squash squeeze squirt squish stack staff stain stand stash stick stipple stock stop up stow strew string stud stuff suffuse surround suspend swab swaddle swathe sweep taint tile trim tuck twirl twist veil vein vest wad wash wedge whirl wind wipe wrap wreathe wring 02.3.2 Clear Alternation (transitive) abduct absolve abstract acquit balk banish bereave bilk bleed break burgle cadge capture cheat clean cleanse clear con confiscate cop cull cure defraud delete denude deplete depopulate deport deprive despoil disabuse disarm discharge disencumber disengage disgorge dislodge dismiss dispossess divest drain draw ease eject eliminate emancipate embezzle empty eradicate evacuate evict excise excommunicate exonerate exorcise expel extirpate extort extract extradite extrude filch fleece flog free grab gull impound kidnap liberate lift lop milk mulct nab omit ostracize oust pardon partition pilfer pinch pirate plagiarize plunder pry purge purify purloin ransack reap recall reclaim recover redeem regain relieve remove render repossess rescue retrieve rid rifle rob rustle sap seize separate sever shoo smuggle snatch sneak sponge steal strip subtract swindle swipe take thieve unburden uproot void wangle wean weasel winkle withdraw wrench wrest 02.3.3 Wipe alternation bail brush buff comb dab distill dust erase expunge file filter flush hoover hose iron leach lick mop plow pluck polish prune purge rake rinse rub sandpaper scour scrape scratch scrub shave shear shovel siphon skim smooth soak sponge squeeze strain strip suck suction swab sweep towel trim vacuum wash wear weed whisk winnow wipe wring 02.3.4 Swarm Alternation abound accumulate aggregate amass assemble babble bang beam beat beep bellow blare blast blat blaze blink bloom blossom boom bristle bubble bulge burble burn burr bustle buzz chatter chime chink chir chitter chug clack clang clank clap clash clatter click cling clink clomp clump clunk cluster collect congregate convene crack crackle crash crawl creak creep crepitate crunch cry dance din ding dong drip echo explode fizz fizzle flame flare flash flicker flock flutter foam gather glare gleam glimmer glint glisten glitter glow groan group growl gurgle gush herd hiss hoot hop howl huddle hum incandesce jangle jingle knell knock lilt mass moan murmur ooze patter peal ping pink pipe plink plonk plop plunk pop pulsate purr putter quiver radiate rap rasp rattle resonate resound reverberate ring roar roll rumble run rustle scintillate scream screech seethe shake shimmer shine shriek shrill sing sizzle snap sound sparkle splash splutter spout sprout sputter squawk squeak squeal squelch squirt stir stream strike swarm sway sweat swim swish swoosh teem throng thrum thud thump thunder thunk tick ting tinkle toll toot tootle tremble trill trumpet twang twinkle ululate vroom wail wheeze whine whir whish whistle whoosh whump writhe zing 02.3.5 Clear Alternation (intransitive) clear drain empty 02.4.1 Material/Product Alternation (transitive) alter annihilate arrange assemble bake beat bend blitz blow build carve cast change chisel churn coil coin collect compile compose compress compute concoct construct convert cook create crochet cut decimate demolish derive design destroy devastate develop dig embroider exterminate extirpate fabricate fashion fold forge form freeze grind grow hack hammer hatch invent knead knit make manufacture melt metamorphose mint model mold obliterate organize pound produce ravage raze recreate roll ruin sculpt sew shake shape spin squash squeeze squish stitch style synthesize transform transmute turn twirl twist wad waste weave whip whittle wind work wreck 02.4.2 Material/Product Alternation (transitive) alter change convert evolve grow hatch mature metamorphose transform transmute turn 02.4.3 Total Transformation Alternation (transitive) alter arrange assemble bake beat bend blitz blow build carve cast change chisel churn coil collect compile compress convert cook crochet cut decimate demolish destroy devastate develop embroider exterminate extirpate fashion fold forge freeze grind grow hack hammer hatch knead knit make melt metamorphose mold obliterate pound ravage raze roll ruin sculpt sew shake shape spin squash squeeze squish stitch transform transmute turn twirl twist wad waste weave whip whittle wind work wreck 02.4.4 Total Transformation Alternation (intransitive) alter change evolve grow hatch mature metamorphose transform transmute turn 02.5.1 Simple Reciprocal Alternation (transitive) add affiliate alternate amalgamate anchor append associate attach band baste beat belt bind blend bolt bond bracket buckle bundle button cement chain clamp clasp clip cluster coalesce coincide collate collect combine commingle compare concatenate confederate confuse conjoin connect consolidate contrast correlate cream criss-cross decouple detach differentiate disassemble disconnect disentangle dissociate distinguish divide divorce engage entangle entwine epoxy fasten fetter fuse gather glom glue graft group gum handcuff harmonize harness herd hinge hitch hook incorporate integrate interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine interweave introduce join jumble knot lace lash lasso latch leash link lock loop lump manacle marry mass mate merge mingle mix moor muddle muzzle nail network oppose package padlock pair part partition paste peg pin plaster pool rhyme rivet roll rope scramble screw seal segregate separate sever sew shackle shake shuffle sift skewer solder splice staple stick stir stitch strap string sunder swirl tack tape team tether thumbtack tie total trammel unbolt unbuckle unbutton unchain unclamp unclasp unclip unfasten unglue unhinge unhitch unhook unify unite unlace unlatch unleash unlock unpeg unpin unscrew unshackle unstaple unstitch untie unzip wed weld whip whisk wire yoke zip 02.5.2 "Together" Reciprocal Alternation (transitive) add affiliate alternate amalgamate anchor append associate attach band baste beat belt bind blend bolt bond bracket buckle bundle button cement chain clamp clasp clip cluster coalesce coincide collect combine commingle compare concatenate confederate confuse conjoin connect consolidate contrast correlate cream criss-cross engage entangle entwine epoxy fasten fetter fuse gather glom glue graft group gum handcuff harmonize harness herd hinge hitch hook incorporate integrate interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine interweave introduce join jumble knot lace lash lasso latch leash link lock loop lump manacle marry mass mate merge mingle mix moor muddle muzzle nail network oppose package padlock pair paste peg pin plaster pool rhyme rivet roll rope scramble screw seal sew shackle shake shuffle skewer solder splice staple stick stir stitch strap string swirl tack tape team tether thumbtack tie total trammel unify unite wed weld whip whisk wire yoke zip 02.5.3 "Apart" Reciprocal Alternation (transitive) blow break cut decouple detach differentiate disassemble disconnect disentangle dissociate distinguish divide divorce draw hack hew kick knock part partition pry pull push rip roll saw segregate separate sever shove sift slip split sunder tear tug unbolt unbuckle unbutton unchain unclamp unclasp unclip unfasten unglue unhinge unhitch unhook unlace unlatch unleash unlock unpeg unpin unscrew unshackle unstaple unstitch untie unzip yank 02.5.4 Simple Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive) affiliate agree alternate amalgamate argue banter bargain battle bicker blend blow box brawl break chat chatter chitchat clash coalesce coexist coincide collaborate collide combat combine commingle commiserate communicate compare compete concatenate concur confabulate confederate confer conflict conjoin connect consolidate consort consult contrast converse cooperate correlate correspond court cream criss-cross cuddle cut date debate decouple dicker differ differentiate disagree disconnect disentangle dispute dissent dissociate diverge divide divorce draw duel elope embrace entangle entwine feud fight flirt fuse gab gossip hack haggle harmonize hew hobnob hug integrate interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock intermingle interrelate intertwine interweave jest join joke joust kick kiss knock link marry mate meet merge mingle mix neck negotiate nuzzle pair part pass pet play plot pry pull push quarrel quibble rap rendezvous rhyme rip roll saw schmooze scuffle separate sever shove skirmish slip spar spat speak split spoon squabble struggle talk tear tilt tug tussle unify unite vie visit war wrangle wrestle yak yank 02.5.5 "Together" Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive) add affiliate alternate amalgamate associate band blend bond cluster coalesce coincide collect combine commingle compare concatenate confederate confuse conjoin connect consolidate contrast correlate cream criss-cross engage entangle entwine fasten fuse gather glom harmonize incorporate integrate interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine interweave introduce join jumble link lump marry mass mate merge mingle mix muddle oppose pair pool rhyme speak stick talk team total unify unite wed 02.5.6 "Apart" Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive) blow break decouple differ differentiate disconnect disentangle dissociate distinguish diverge divide divorce draw kick knock part pry pull push rip roll segregate separate sever shove slip split tear tug yank 02.6 Fulfilling Alternation advance allocate allot arm assign award bequeath burden cede charge compensate concede credit entrust equip extend furnish grant guarantee invest issue leave offer owe ply present promise provide regale reward saddle serve supply trust vote will yield 02.7 Image Impression Alternation address adorn applique autograph brand carve chalk charcoal copy crayon date decorate doodle draw embellish emboss embroider endorse engrave etch film forge illuminate illustrate imprint incise initial ink inscribe label letter mark microfilm monogram ornament paint pencil photocopy photograph plot print record scratch scrawl scribble set sign sketch spraypaint stamp stencil tag tape tattoo televise trace transcribe type write 02.8 "With/Against" Alternation bang bash bat batter beat birch bite bludgeon bonk brain break bump bunt butt cane cast chuck claw clobber club conk cosh crack crash crush cudgel cuff dash dig drum fire fling flip flog fracture hammer hit hurl jab kick knife knock lash lob paddle paddywhack paw peck pierce pitch poke pound prick pummel punch punt rap rip scratch shatter shoot shove slap sling slug smack smash snap sock spank splinter split stab stick strap strike swat swipe tamp tap tear thrash throw thump thwack tip toss truncheon wallop whack whip whisk 02.9 "Through/With" Alternation bang bash batter beat belt birch bite bludgeon bonk brain bump butt cane caress claw clobber club conk cosh cudgel cuff dash dig drum flog graze hammer hit jab kick kiss knife knock lash lick nudge paddle paddywhack pat paw peck pierce pinch poke pound prick prod pummel punch rap scratch shoot slap slug smack smash sock spank stab stick sting strap strike stroke swat swipe tamp tap thrash thump thwack tickle touch truncheon wallop whack whip whisk 02.10 "Blame" Alternation abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate assess audit backbite blame bless calumniate castigate celebrate censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend compensate compliment condemn congratulate covet crave criticize decry defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate deride desire despise detest disdain dislike disparage distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear felicitate fine forgive greet hail hate honor idolize impeach insult lambaste lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock mourn need pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize prosecute punish rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate repay reprimand reproach reprove resent respect revere review revile reward ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn scrutinize shame snub stand study support thank toast tolerate treasure trust upbraid value venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship 02.11 "Search" Alternations advertise bore burrow check comb delve dive drag dredge examine excavate explore feel ferret fish forage frisk fumble grope hunt inspect investigate leaf listen look mine nose observe page patrol paw plumb poach poke probe prospect prowl quarry quiz raid rake ransack riffle rifle root rummage scan scavenge scour scout scrabble scratch scrounge scrutinize search seek shop sift snoop stalk survey tap taste tease thumb track trawl troll tunnel watch 02.12 Body-Part Possessor Ascension Alternation bang bash batter beat bite bonk bore break bruise bump butt cane caress carve chip chop claw clip clobber club conk crack crash crop crush cube cut dash dent dice dig drill drum fillet flog fracture gash gouge grate graze grind hack hammer hew hit jab kick kiss knife knock lash lick mangle mash mince mow nick notch nudge pat paw peck perforate pierce pinch poke pound prick prod prune pulverize pummel punch rap rip saw scrape scratch shatter shoot shred slap slash slice slit slug smack smash snap snip sock spank spear splinter split squash squish stab stick sting strap strike stroke swat swipe tamp tap tear thrash thump thwack tickle touch wallop whack whip whisk 02.13.1 Possessor Object abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate assess audit backbite bless calumniate castigate celebrate censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend compensate compliment condemn congratulate covet crave criticize decry defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate deride desire despise detect detest discern disdain dislike disparage distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear feel felicitate fine forgive greet hail hate hear honor idolize impeach insult lambaste lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock mourn need notice pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize prosecute punish rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate repay reprimand reproach reprove resent respect revere review revile reward ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn scrutinize see sense shame smell snub stand study support taste thank toast tolerate treasure trust upbraid value venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship 02.13.2 Attribute Object abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate assess audit backbite bless calumniate castigate celebrate censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend compensate compliment condemn congratulate covet crave criticize decry defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate deride desire despise detect detest discern disdain dislike disparage distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear feel felicitate fine forgive greet hail hate hear honor idolize impeach insult lambaste lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock mourn need notice pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize prosecute punish rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate repay reprimand reproach reprove resent respect revere review revile reward ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn scrutinize see sense shame smell snub stand study support taste thank toast tolerate treasure trust upbraid value venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship 02.13.3 Possessor and Attribute Alternation abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate assess audit backbite bless calumniate castigate celebrate censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend compensate compliment condemn congratulate covet crave criticize decry defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate deride desire despise detect detest discern disdain dislike disparage distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear feel felicitate fine forgive greet hail hate hear honor idolize impeach insult lambaste lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock mourn need notice pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize prosecute punish rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate repay reprimand reproach reprove resent respect revere review revile reward ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn scrutinize see sense shame smell snub stand study support taste thank toast tolerate treasure trust upbraid value venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship 02.13.4 Possessor Subject (transitive) abash affect afflict affront aggravate agitate agonize alarm alienate amaze amuse anger annoy antagonize appall appease arouse assuage astonish astound awe baffle beguile bewilder bewitch boggle bore bother bug calm captivate chagrin charm cheer chill comfort concern confound confuse console content convince cow crush cut daunt daze dazzle deject delight demolish demoralize depress devastate disappoint disarm discombobulate discomfit discompose disconcert discourage disgrace disgruntle disgust dishearten disillusion dismay dispirit displease disquiet dissatisfy distract distress disturb dumbfound elate electrify embarrass embolden enchant encourage engage engross enlighten enliven enrage enrapture entertain enthrall enthuse entice entrance exasperate excite exhaust exhilarate fascinate faze flabbergast flatter floor fluster frighten frustrate gall galvanize gladden gratify grieve harass haunt hearten horrify humble humiliate hurt hypnotize impress incense infuriate inspire insult interest intimidate intoxicate intrigue invigorate irk irritate jar jollify jolt lull madden mesmerize miff mollify mortify move muddle mystify nauseate nettle numb obsess offend outrage overawe overwhelm pacify pain peeve perplex perturb pique placate plague please preoccupy provoke puzzle rankle reassure refresh relax relieve repel repulse revitalize revolt rile ruffle sadden satisfy scandalize scare shake shame shock sicken sober solace soothe spellbind spook stagger startle stimulate sting stir strike stump stun stupefy surprise tantalize tease tempt terrify terrorize threaten thrill throw tickle tire titillate torment touch transport trouble try unnerve unsettle uplift upset vex weary worry wound wow 02.13.5 Possessor Subject (intransitive) appreciate balloon climb decline decrease depreciate differ diminish drop fall fluctuate gain grow increase jump mushroom plummet plunge rise rocket skyrocket soar surge tumble vary 02.14 "As" Alternation accept acknowledge address adjudge adjudicate adopt anoint appoint appreciate assume avow baptize believe bet bill brand call cast certify characterize charge choose christen cite class classify confess confirm consecrate consider count crown declare decree deem define describe designate diagnose disguise dub elect employ engage enlist enroll enter envisage establish esteem fancy find fine hail herald hire honor identify imagine incorporate induct intend judge label lampoon make mark mulct name nickname nominate offer oppose ordain overcharge paint portray praise presume proclaim profess pronounce prove qualify rank rate reckon recollect recommend regard reinstate reject remember report represent repudiate reveal rule salute save see select spare stamp stigmatize style suppose take tax term think tip train treat undercharge use value view visualize vote wager want warrant 03.1 Time Subject Alternation catch find mark see 03.2 Natural Force Subject Alternation -*- 03.3 Instrument Subject Alternation -*- 03.4 Abstract Cause Subject Alternation confirm demonstrate establish explain imply indicate justify nullify obscure predict proclaim prove reveal show suggest 03.5 Locatum Subject Alternation adorn anoint bandage bathe bestrew bind blanket block blot bombard carpet choke cloak clog clutter coat contaminate cover dam dapple deck decorate deluge dirty dot douse drench edge embellish emblazon encircle encrust endow enrich entangle face festoon fill fleck flood frame garland garnish imbue impregnate infect inlay interlace interlard interleave intersperse interweave inundate lard lash line litter mask mottle ornament pad pave plate plug pollute replenish repopulate riddle ring ripple robe saturate season shroud smother soak soil speckle splotch spot staff stain stipple stop up stud suffuse surround swaddle swathe taint tile trim veil vein wreathe 03.6 Location Subject Alternation carry contain feed fit hold house seat serve sleep store take use 03.7 Container Subject Alternation amalgamate contain embed include incorporate integrate omit 03.8 Raw Material Subject Alternation bake beat bend blow carve cast churn coil coin collect compose compress compute concoct construct cook create crochet derive design dig fabricate fold form freeze grind grow invent knead knit make manufacture melt mint model organize produce recreate sew shake spin squash squeeze squish style synthesize twirl twist wad weave whip whittle wind work 03.9 Sum of Money Subject Alternation build buy charter earn find get lease make obtain procure purchase rent reserve save secure sew win 03.10 Source Subject Alternation benefit gain profit prosper 04.1 Virtual Reflexive Alternation -*- 04.2 Reflexive of Appearance Alternation assert declare define express form manifest offer pose present proffer recommend shape show suggest 05.1 Verbal Passive -*- 05.2 Prepositional Passive -*- 05.3 Adjectival Passive (transitive verbs) -*- 05.4 Adjectival Perfect Participles (intransitive verbs) -*- 06.1 "There"-Insertion accumulate add amble appear arise arrive ascend assemble await awake awaken beat begin belch blaze boom break bubble build burst cascade chatter chime climb cling coexist come confront correspond crawl create creep cross crouch cut dance dangle dart dawn decay depend derive descend develop die disappear discern discover display doze drift drop dwell echo elapse emanate emerge enact engrave ensue enter evolve exist exude fall fester find flap flare flash flee flicker float flow flutter fly follow gallop gleam glimmer glisten glitter glue go grow gush hang happen head hear hide hobble hook hop hover hurtle idle imprint inscribe issue jump kneel labor lay lean leap lie live loom lounge lurk march materialize meander mount occur open overspread paint pass perch persist pile pin place plod plop plunge prance predominate preside prevail project protrude puff radiate reach reign remain reside resound rest reverberate revolve ride ring rise roam roll rumble run rush sail scatter scintillate scrawl see seize settle shelter shimmer shine show shriek shuffle sing sit skip sleep slouch smolder sound sparkle speed spill sprawl spread squat stack stagger stamp stand staple steal stem step straddle straggle strap stray stream stretch stride stroll strut supervene surge survive suspend sweep swim swing take tattoo tick toil tower trot trudge tumble turn twinkle twist understand vanish wait walk wander want weave wind work write writhe 06.2 Locative Inversion accumulate add amble appear arise arrive ascend assemble awake awaken beat begin belch blaze boom break bubble build burst cascade chatter chime climb cling coexist come correspond crawl create creep crouch cut dance dangle dart dawn decay depend derive descend develop die disappear discern discover display doze drift drop dwell echo elapse emanate emerge enact engrave ensue enter evolve exist exude fall fester find flap flare flash flee flicker float flow flutter fly follow gallop gleam glimmer glisten glitter glue go grow gush hang happen head hear hide hobble hook hop hover hurtle idle imprint inscribe issue jump kneel labor lay lean leap lie live loom lounge lurk march materialize meander mount occur open overspread paint pass perch persist pile pin place plod plop plunge prance predominate preside prevail project protrude puff radiate reign remain reside resound rest reverberate revolve ride ring rise roam roll rumble run rush sail scatter scintillate scrawl see settle shelter shimmer shine show shriek shuffle sing sit skip sleep slouch smolder sound sparkle speed spill sprawl spread squat stack stagger stamp stand staple steal stem step straddle straggle strap stray stream stretch stride stroll strut supervene surge survive suspend sweep swim swing take tattoo tick toil tower trot trudge tumble turn twinkle twist understand vanish wait walk wander weave wind work write writhe 07.1 Cognate Object Construction babble bark bawl beam bellow bleat boogie boom bop bray burble cackle call cancan carol chant chatter chirp chuckle clog cluck conga coo cough croak croon crow cry dance drawl dream drone fight foxtrot frown gabble gibber giggle grimace grin groan growl grumble grunt hiss holler hoot howl jabber jig jitterbug jive laugh lilt lisp live moan mumble murmur mutter pirouette polka purr quickstep rage rasp roar rumba rumble samba scream screech shout shriek shuffle sigh sing sleep smile smirk snap snarl sneeze sniff snore snort snuffle sob splutter squall squaredance squawk squeak squeal stammer stutter tango tapdance think thunder tisk trill trumpet twitter wail waltz warble weep wheeze whimper whine whisper whistle whoop yammer yap yawn yell yelp yodel 07.2 Cognate Prepositional Phrase Construction anchor archive asphalt bag bait band bank bark beach beard bed belt bench berth billet bin blanket blindfold board bolt bone bottle box bracket bread brick bridle bronze buckle burl butter button buttonhole cage can cap carpet case caulk cellar cement chain chrome clamp clasp clip cloak cloister color coop core cork corral crate crown deaccent debark debone debowel debug debur declaw defang defat defeather deflea deflesh defoam defog deforest defrost defuzz degas degerm deglaze degrease degrit degum degut dehair dehead dehorn dehull dehusk deice deink delint delouse deluster demast derat derib derind desalt descale desex desprout destarch destress detassel detusk devein dewater dewax deworm diaper distemper dock drug drydock dye enamel epoxy feather fence fetter file flour forest fork frame fuel gag garage garland gill glaze glove glue graffiti gravel grease groove ground gum gut halter handcuff hangar harness head heel hinge hitch hook house hull husk ink jail japan jar jug kennel knot label lace lacquer land lash lasso latch leash leaven link lint lipstick lock lodge loop louse manacle mantle milk mine moor mulch muzzle nail nickel oil ornament padlock paint panel paper parquet paste pasture patch peel peg pen pepper perfume pillory pin pinion pip pit pitch pith plank plaster pocket pod poison polish poll pomade poster postmark pot powder pulp putty quarry rind rivet robe roof rope rosin rouge rut saddle salt salve sand scale scalp screw seal seed sequin shackle shawl sheathe shell shellac shelter shelve shingle shoe shoulder shuck shutter silver skewer skin slate slipcover snail snare sod solder sole spice spindle spit spool spraypaint stable stain stalk staple starch stem stitch stone stopper strap stress string stucco sugar sulphur tack tag tail tape tar tarmac tassel tether thatch thumbtack ticket tie tile tin tint top trammel trap tree turf varnish veil vein veneer wallpaper warehouse water wax weed whitewash wind wire worm wreathe yoke zest zip zipcode 07.3 Reaction Object Construction babble bark bawl beam bellow bleat blink boom bray burble cackle call carol chant chatter chirp chortle chuckle clap cluck coo cough croak croon crow cry drawl drone frown gabble gape gasp gawk gibber giggle glare glower goggle grimace grin groan growl grumble grunt guffaw hiss holler hoot howl jabber jeer laugh lilt lisp moan mumble murmur mutter nod point pout purr rage rasp roar rumble scowl scream screech shout shriek shrug sigh simper sing smile smirk snap snarl sneeze snicker sniff snigger snivel snore snort snuffle sob splutter squall squawk squeak squeal squint stammer stutter thunder tisk titter trill trumpet twitter wag wail warble wave weep wheeze whimper whine whisper whistle whoop wink yammer yap yawn yell yelp yodel 07.4 X's Way' Construction -*- 07.5 Resultative Construction advance arrive ascend bring climb come cross depart descend enter escape exit fall flee go leave plunge recede return rise take tumble 07.6.1 Unintentional Interpretation with Reflexive Object bang bash batter birch bite bludgeon bonk brain break bruise bump burn cane chip claw clobber club conk cosh crack crash crush cudgel cut flog fracture graze hit hurt injure kick kiss knife knock lash lick nick nudge paddle paddywhack pat paw peck pinch prick prod pummel punch rip scald scrape scratch shatter slug smash snap sock spank splinter split stab sting strap strike stroke swat swipe tear thrash tickle touch truncheon wallop whack whip whisk 07.6.2 Unintentional Interpretation with Body-Part Object bang bark bash batter belt birch bite bludgeon bonk brain break bruise bump burn cane chip claw clobber club conk cosh crack crush cudgel cut flog fracture graze hit hurt injure kick kiss knife knock lash lick nick nudge paddle paddywhack pat paw peck pinch prick prod pull pummel punch rupture scald scrape scratch shatter skin slug smash snap sock spank split sprain stab sting strain strap strike stroke stub swat swipe tear thrash thump tickle touch truncheon turn twist wallop whack whip whisk 07.7 Bound Nonreflexive Anaphor as Prepositional Object bring brush carry coil contain curl dab daub drag drape draw dribble drip drizzle dust hang haul have heave include jerk kick loop lug omit pour press pull push roll rub scatter schlep shove slather slop slosh smear spatter spew spill spin splash splatter spray spread sprinkle spritz spurt squirt strew swab take thrust tote tow tug twirl twist whirl wind wrap yank 07.8 Directional Phrases with Nondirected Motion Verbs babble backpack bang beat beep bellow blare blast blat bolt boogie boom bop bounce bound bowl bubble buck burble burr buzz cancan canter carom cavort charge chatter chime chink chir chitter chug clack clamber clang clank clap clash clatter click climb cling clink clog clomp clump clunk coast conga crack crackle crash crawl creak creep crepitate crunch cry dance dart dash ding dodder dong draw drift explode fidget file fizz fizzle flap flit float fly foxtrot frolic gallop gambol glide goosestep groan growl gurgle gyrate hasten heave hike hiss hobble hoot hop howl hum hurry hurtle inch jangle jerk jig jingle jitterbug jive jog journey jump kick knell knock leap lilt limp lollop lope lumber lurch march meander mince moan mosey murmur nip pad parade patter peal perambulate ping pink pipe pirouette plink plod plonk plop plunk polka pop prance press promenade prowl pull purr push putter quickstep race ramble rap rasp rattle ring roam roar rock roll romp rove rumba rumble run rush rustle samba sashay saunter scamper scoot scram scramble scream screech scud scurry scutter scuttle shamble shove shriek shrill shuffle sidle sing sizzle skedaddle skip skitter skulk sleepwalk slide slink slither slog slouch snap sneak somersault speed splash splutter sputter squaredance squawk squeak squeal squelch squirm stagger stomp stray streak stride strike stroll strut stumble stump swagger sway sweep swim swish swoosh tack tango tapdance tear teeter thrum thrust thud thump thunder thunk tick ting tinkle tiptoe toddle toll toot tootle totter traipse tramp travel trek trill troop trot trudge trumpet trundle tug twang twitch ululate vault vroom waddle wade waggle wail walk waltz wander wheeze whine whir whish whistle whiz whoosh whump wiggle wobble wriggle yank zigzag zing zoom 08.1 Obligatory Passive reincarnate repute rumor 08.2 Obligatorily Reflexive Object absent acquit assert avail bear behave bestir betake bethink better busy camouflage carry check collect comport compose conduct contain content defend demean disgrace disport efface embroil endear enjoy ensconce excel exert fancy find help ingratiate insinuate intoxicate intrude inure justify lower martyr nerve outdo overreach perjure plight pride profess prostrate redeem relieve resign revenge steel sun unbosom vindicate worm 08.3 Inalienably Possessed Body-Part Object arch bare bark bat beat bite blink blow bob braid break bruise brush bump burn chip clap clench click clip close cock coldcream comb condition crane crimp crook crop cross curl cut drum dye file flap flash flex flick floss flutter fold fracture gnash grind hang henna hunch hurt injure kick knit lather manicure nick nod open part perm plait pluck point powder prick pucker pull purse raise rinse roll rouge rub rupture scald scratch set shake shampoo shave show shrug shuffle skin smack snap soap split sprain squint stamp strain stretch stub talc tease toss towel trim turn twiddle twist twitch wag waggle wash wave wiggle wink wring wrinkle 08.5 Expletive "It" Subject acquit act augur behave bode do mean phrase treat word 08.5 Obligatory Adverb -*- 08.6 Obligatory Negative Polarity Element budge --------- VERB CLASSES : Chapters 9 through 57 --------- (Each verb is in at least one of these classes, in addition to the Alternation Classes 1-8) 09.1 "put" verbs arrange immerse install lodge mount place position put set situate sling stash stow 09.2 "dangle" verbs dangle hang lay lean perch rest sit stand suspend 09.3 "funnel" verbs bang channel dip dump funnel hammer ladle pound push rake ram scoop scrape shake shovel siphon spoon squash squeeze squish sweep tuck wad wedge wipe wring 09.4 "hoist" verbs drop hoist lift lower raise 09.5 "pour" verbs dribble drip pour slop slosh spew spill spurt 09.6 "coil" verbs coil curl loop roll spin twirl twist whirl wind 09.7 "spray/load" verbs brush cram crowd cultivate dab daub drape drizzle dust hang heap inject jam load mound pack pile plant plaster prick pump rub scatter seed settle sew shower slather smear smudge sow spatter splash splatter spray spread sprinkle spritz squirt stack stick stock strew string stuff swab vest wash wrap 09.8 "fill" verbs adorn anoint bandage bathe bestrew bind blanket block blot bombard carpet choke cloak clog clutter coat contaminate cover dam dapple deck decorate deluge dirty dot douse drench edge embellish emblazon encircle encrust endow enrich entangle face festoon fill fleck flood frame garland garnish imbue impregnate infect inlay interlace interlard interleave intersperse interweave inundate lard lash line litter mask mottle ornament pad pave plate plug pollute replenish repopulate riddle ring ripple robe saturate season shroud smother soak soil speckle splotch spot staff stain stipple stop up stud suffuse surround swaddle swathe taint tile trim veil vein wreathe 09.9 "butter" verbs asphalt bait blanket blindfold board bread brick bridle bronze butter buttonhole cap carpet caulk chrome cloak cork crown diaper drug feather fence flour forest frame fuel gag garland glove graffiti gravel grease groove halter harness heel ink label leash leaven lipstick mantle mulch muzzle nickel oil ornament panel paper parquet patch pepper perfume pitch plank plaster poison polish pomade poster postmark powder putty robe roof rosin rouge rut saddle salt salve sand seed sequin shawl shingle shoe shutter silver slate slipcover sod sole spice stain starch stopper stress string stucco sugar sulphur tag tar tarmac tassel thatch ticket tile turf veil veneer wallpaper water wax whitewash wreathe yoke zipcode 09.10 "pocket" verbs archive bag bank beach bed bench berth billet bin bottle box cage can case cellar cloister coop corral crate dock drydock file fork garage ground hangar house jail jar jug kennel land lodge pasture pen pillory pocket pot sheathe shelter shelve shoulder skewer snare spindle spit spool stable string tin trap tree warehouse 10.1 "remove" verbs abstract cull delete discharge disengage disgorge dislodge dismiss draw eject eliminate eradicate evict excise excommunicate expel extirpate extract extrude lop omit ostracize oust partition pry reap remove separate sever shoo subtract uproot winkle withdraw wrench 10.2 "banish" verbs banish deport evacuate expel extradite recall remove 10.3 "clear" verbs clean clear drain empty 10.4.1 "wipe" verbs (manner) bail buff dab distill dust erase expunge flush leach lick pluck polish prune purge rinse rub scour scrape scratch scrub shave skim smooth soak squeeze strain strip suck suction swab sweep trim wash wear weed whisk winnow wipe wring 10.4.2 "wipe" verbs (instrument) brush comb file filter hoover hose iron mop plow rake sandpaper shear shovel siphon sponge towel vacuum 10.5 "steal" verbs abduct cadge capture confiscate cop emancipate embezzle exorcise extort extract filch flog grab impound kidnap liberate lift nab pilfer pinch pirate plagiarize purloin reclaim recover redeem regain repossess rescue retrieve rustle seize smuggle snatch sneak sponge steal swipe take thieve wangle weasel winkle withdraw wrest 10.6 "cheat" verbs absolve acquit balk bereave bilk bleed break burgle cheat cleanse con cull cure defraud denude deplete depopulate deprive despoil disabuse disarm disencumber dispossess divest drain ease exonerate fleece free gull milk mulct pardon plunder purge purify ransack relieve render rid rifle rob sap strip swindle unburden void wean 10.7 "pit" verbs bark beard bone burl core gill gut head hull husk lint louse milk peel pinion pip pit pith pod poll pulp rind scale scalp seed shell shuck skin snail stalk stem stone string tail tassel top vein weed wind worm zest 10.8 "debone" verbs deaccent debark debone debowel debug debur declaw defang defat defeather deflea deflesh defoam defog deforest defrost defuzz degas degerm deglaze degrease degrit degum degut dehair dehead dehorn dehull dehusk deice deink delint delouse deluster demast derat derib derind desalt descale desex desprout destarch destress detassel detusk devein dewater dewax deworm 10.9 "mine" verbs mine quarry 11.1 "send" verbs airmail convey deliver dispatch express FedEx forward hand mail pass port post return send shift ship shunt slip smuggle sneak transfer transport UPS 11.2 "slide" verbs bounce float move roll slide 11.3 "bring" verbs bring take 11.4 "carry" verbs carry drag haul heave heft hoist kick lug pull push schlep shove tote tow tug 11.5 "drive" verbs barge bus cart drive ferry fly row shuttle truck wheel wire 12 "push/pull" verbs draw heave jerk press pull push shove thrust tug yank 13.1 "give" verbs feed give lease lend loan pass pay peddle refund render rent repay sell serve trade 13.2 "contribute" verbs administer contribute disburse distribute donate extend forfeit proffer refer reimburse relinquish remit restore return sacrifice submit surrender transfer 13.3 "FUT:have" verbs advance allocate allot assign award bequeath cede concede extend grant guarantee issue leave offer owe promise vote will yield 13.4.1 "entrust" verbs credit entrust furnish issue leave present provide serve supply trust 13.4.2 "equip" verbs arm burden charge compensate equip invest ply regale reward saddle 13.5.1 "get" verbs book buy call cash catch charter choose earn fetch find gain gather get hire keep lease leave order phone pick pluck procure pull reach rent reserve save secure shoot slaughter steal vote win 13.5.2 "obtain" verbs accept accumulate acquire appropriate borrow cadge collect exact grab inherit obtain purchase receive recover regain retrieve seize select snatch 13.6 "exchange" verbs barter change exchange substitute swap trade 13.7 "berry" verbs antique berry birdnest blackberry clam crab fish fowl grouse hay log mushroom nest nut oyster pearl prawn rabbit seal shark shrimp snail snipe sponge whale whelk 14 "learn" verbs acquire cram glean learn memorize read study 15.1 "hold" verbs clasp clutch grasp grip handle hold wield 15.2 "keep" verbs hoard keep leave store 16 "conceal" verbs block cloister conceal curtain hide isolate quarantine screen seclude sequester shelter 17.1 "throw" verbs bash bat bunt cast catapult chuck fire flick fling flip hit hurl kick knock lob loft nudge pass pitch punt shoot shove slam slap sling smash tap throw tip toss 17.2 "pelt" verbs bombard buffet pelt shower stone 18.1 "hit" verbs bang bash batter beat bump butt dash drum hammer hit kick knock lash pound rap slap smack smash strike tamp tap thump thwack whack 18.2 "swat" verbs bite claw paw peck punch scratch shoot slug stab swat swipe 18.3 "spank" verbs belt birch bludgeon bonk brain cane clobber club conk cosh cudgel cuff flog knife paddle paddywhack pummel sock spank strap thrash truncheon wallop whip whisk 18.4 "thud" verbs bang brush bump crash hit knock ram slam smash thud 19 "poke" verbs dig jab pierce poke prick stick 20 "touch" verbs caress graze kiss lick nudge pat peck pinch prod sting stroke tickle touch 21.1 "cut" verbs chip clip cut hack hew saw scrape scratch slash snip 21.2 "carve" verbs bore bruise carve chip chop crop crush cube dent dice drill file fillet gash gouge grate grind mangle mash mince mow nick notch perforate prune pulverize punch shred slice slit spear squash squish 22.1 "mix" verbs add blend combine commingle concatenate connect cream fuse join link merge mingle mix network pool 22.2 "amalgamate" verbs affiliate alternate amalgamate associate coalesce coincide compare confederate confuse conjoin consolidate contrast correlate criss-cross engage entangle entwine harmonize incorporate integrate interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine interweave introduce marry mate muddle oppose pair rhyme team total unify unite wed 22.3 "shake" verbs append attach band baste beat bind bond bundle cluster collate collect fasten fuse gather glom graft group herd jumble lump mass moor package pair roll scramble sew shake shuffle splice stick stir swirl weld whip whisk 22.4 "tape" verbs anchor band belt bolt bracket buckle button cement chain clamp clasp clip epoxy fetter glue gum handcuff harness hinge hitch hook knot lace lash lasso latch leash link lock loop manacle moor muzzle nail padlock paste peg pin plaster rivet rope screw seal shackle skewer solder staple stitch strap string tack tape tether thumbtack tie trammel wire yoke zip 22.5 "cling" verbs adhere cleave cling 23.1 "separate" verbs decouple differentiate disconnect disentangle dissociate distinguish divide divorce part segregate separate sever 23.2 "split" verbs blow break cut draw hack hew kick knock pry pull push rip roll saw shove slip split tear tug yank 23.3 "disassemble" verbs detach disassemble disconnect partition sift sunder unbolt unbuckle unbutton unchain unclamp unclasp unclip unfasten unglue unhinge unhitch unhook unlace unlatch unleash unlock unpeg unpin unscrew unshackle unstaple unstitch untie unzip 23.4 "differ" verbs differ diverge 24 "color" verbs color distemper dye enamel glaze japan lacquer paint shellac spraypaint stain tint varnish 25.1 "applique" verbs applique emboss embroider engrave etch imprint incise inscribe mark paint set sign stamp tattoo 25.2 "scribble" verbs carve chalk charcoal copy crayon doodle draw forge ink paint pencil plot print scratch scrawl scribble sketch spraypaint stencil trace type write 25.3 "monogram" verbs address adorn autograph brand date decorate embellish endorse illuminate illustrate initial label letter monogram ornament tag 25.4 "transcribe" verbs copy film forge microfilm photocopy photograph record tape televise transcribe type 26.1 "build" verbs arrange assemble bake blow build carve cast chisel churn compile cook crochet cut develop embroider fashion fold forge grind grow hack hammer hatch knit make mold pound roll sculpt sew shape spin stitch weave whittle 26.2 "grow" verbs develop evolve grow hatch mature 26.3 "prepare" verbs bake blend boil brew clean clear cook fix fry grill hardboil iron light mix poach pour prepare roast roll run scramble set softboil toast toss wash 26.4 "create" verbs coin compose compute concoct construct create derive design dig fabricate form invent manufacture mint model organize produce recreate style synthesize 26.5 "knead" verbs beat bend coil collect compress fold freeze knead melt shake squash squeeze squish twirl twist wad whip wind work 26.6 "turn" verbs alter change convert metamorphose transform transmute turn 26.7 "perform" verbs chant choreograph compose dance direct draw hum intone paint perform play produce recite silkscreen sing spin take whistle write 27 "engender" verbs beget cause create engender generate shape spawn 28 "calve" verbs calve cub fawn foal kitten lamb litter pup spawn whelp 29.1 "appoint" verbs acknowledge adopt appoint consider crown deem designate elect esteem imagine mark nominate ordain proclaim rate reckon report want 29.2 "characterize" verbs accept address appreciate bill cast certify characterize choose cite class classify confirm count define describe diagnose disguise employ engage enlist enroll enter envisage establish esteem hail herald hire honor identify imagine incorporate induct intend lampoon offer oppose paint portray praise qualify rank recollect recommend regard reinstate reject remember represent repudiate reveal salute see select stigmatize take train treat use value view visualize 29.3 "dub" verbs anoint baptize brand call christen consecrate crown decree dub label make name nickname pronounce rule stamp style term vote 29.4 "declare" verbs adjudge adjudicate assume avow believe confess declare fancy find judge presume profess prove suppose think warrant 29.5 "conjecture" verbs admit allow assert conjecture deny discover feel figure grant guarantee guess hold know maintain mean observe recognize repute show suspect 29.6 "masquerade" verbs act behave camouflage count masquerade officiate pose qualify rank rate serve 29.7 "orphan" verbs apprentice canonize cripple cuckold knight martyr orphan outlaw pauper recruit widow 29.8 "captain" verbs boss bully butcher butler caddy captain champion chaperone chauffeur clerk coach cox crew doctor emcee escort guard host model mother nurse partner pilot pioneer police referee shepherd skipper sponsor star tailor tutor umpire understudy usher valet volunteer witness 30.1 "see" verbs detect discern feel hear notice see sense smell taste 30.2 "sight" verbs descry discover espy examine eye glimpse inspect investigate note observe overhear perceive recognize regard savor scan scent scrutinize sight spot spy study survey view watch witness 30.3 "peer" verbs check gape gawk gaze glance glare goggle leer listen look ogle peek peep peer sniff snoop squint stare 30.4 "feel" verbs feel look smell sound taste 31.1 "amuse" verbs abash affect afflict affront aggravate agitate agonize alarm alienate amaze amuse anger annoy antagonize appall appease arouse assuage astonish astound awe baffle beguile bewilder bewitch boggle bore bother bug calm captivate chagrin charm cheer chill comfort concern confound confuse console content convince cow crush cut daunt daze dazzle deject delight demolish demoralize depress devastate disappoint disarm discombobulate discomfit discompose disconcert discourage disgrace disgruntle disgust dishearten disillusion dismay dispirit displease disquiet dissatisfy distract distress disturb dumbfound elate electrify embarrass embolden enchant encourage engage engross enlighten enliven enrage enrapture entertain enthrall enthuse entice entrance exasperate excite exhaust exhilarate fascinate faze flabbergast flatter floor fluster frighten frustrate gall galvanize gladden gratify grieve harass haunt hearten horrify humble humiliate hurt hypnotize impress incense infuriate inspire insult interest intimidate intoxicate intrigue invigorate irk irritate jar jollify jolt lull madden mesmerize miff mollify mortify move muddle mystify nauseate nettle numb obsess offend outrage overawe overwhelm pacify pain peeve perplex perturb pique placate plague please preoccupy provoke puzzle rankle reassure refresh relax relieve repel repulse revitalize revolt rile ruffle sadden satisfy scandalize scare shake shame shock sicken sober solace soothe spellbind spook stagger startle stimulate sting stir strike stump stun stupefy surprise tantalize tease tempt terrify terrorize threaten thrill throw tickle tire titillate torment touch transport trouble try unnerve unsettle uplift upset vex weary worry wound wow 31.2 "admire" verbs abhor admire adore appreciate cherish deplore despise detest disdain dislike distrust dread enjoy envy esteem exalt execrate fancy favor fear hate idolize lament like loathe love miss mourn pity prize regret relish resent respect revere rue savor stand support tolerate treasure trust value venerate worship 31.3 "marvel" verbs ache anger anguish approve bask beware bleed bother care cheer cringe cry delight despair disapprove enthuse exult fear feel fret fume gladden gloat glory grieve groove gush hunger hurt luxuriate madden marvel mind moon mope mourn obsess puzzle rage rave react rejoice revel rhapsodize sadden salivate seethe sicken sorrow suffer swoon thrill tire wallow weary weep wonder worry 31.4 "appeal" verbs appeal grate jar matter niggle 32.1 "want" verbs covet crave desire fancy need want 32.2 "long" verbs ache crave dangle fall hanker hope hunger itch long lust pine pray thirst wish yearn 33.1 positive judgement verbs acclaim applaud bless celebrate commend compensate compliment eulogize excuse extol felicitate forgive greet hail honor laud pardon praise recompense remunerate repay reward salute thank toast welcome 33.1 negative judgement verbs backbite abuse calumniate castigate censure chasten chastise chide condemn congratulate criticize decry defame denigrate denounce deprecate deride disparage fault fine impeach insult lambaste malign mock penalize persecute prosecute punish rebuke reprimand reproach reprove revile ridicule scold scorn shame snub upbraid victimize vilify 34 "assess" verbs analyze assess audit evaluate review scrutinize study 35.1 "hunt" verbs dig feel fish hunt mine poach scrounge 35.2 "search" verbs advertise check comb dive drag dredge excavate patrol plumb probe prospect prowl quarry rake rifle scavenge scour scout search shop sift trawl troll watch 35.3 "stalk" verbs smell stalk taste track 35.4 "investigate" verbs canvass examine explore frisk inspect investigate observe quiz raid ransack riffle scan scrutinize survey tap 35.5 "rummage" verbs bore burrow delve forage fumble grope leaf listen look page paw poke rifle root rummage scrabble scratch snoop thumb tunnel 35.6 "ferret" verbs ferret nose seek tease 36.1 "correspond" verbs agree argue banter bargain bicker brawl clash coexist collaborate collide combat commiserate communicate compete concur confabulate conflict consort cooperate correspond dicker differ disagree dispute dissent duel elope feud flirt haggle hobnob jest joke joust mate mingle mix neck negotiate pair plot quarrel quibble rendezvous scuffle skirmish spar spat spoon squabble struggle tilt tussle vie war wrangle wrestle 36.2 "marry" verbs court cuddle date divorce embrace hug kiss marry nuzzle pass pet 36.3 "meet" verbs battle box consult debate fight meet play visit 37.1 "quote" verbs ask cite demonstrate dictate explain explicate narrate pose preach quote read recite relay show teach tell write 37.2 "tell" verb tell 37.3 "snap/cackle" verbs babble bark bawl bellow bleat boom bray burble cackle call carol chant chatter chirp cluck coo croak croon crow cry drawl drone gabble gibber groan growl grumble grunt hiss holler hoot howl jabber lilt lisp moan mumble murmur mutter purr rage rasp roar rumble scream screech shout shriek sing snap snarl snuffle splutter squall squawk squeak squeal stammer stutter thunder tisk trill trumpet twitter wail warble wheeze whimper whine whisper whistle whoop yammer yap yell yelp yodel 37.4 "cable" verbs cable e-mail fax modem netmail phone radio relay satellite semaphore sign signal telecast telegraph telephone telex wire wireless 37.5 "talk" verbs speak talk 37.6 "chitchat" verbs argue chat chatter chitchat confer converse gab gossip rap schmooze yak 37.7 "say" verbs announce articulate blab blurt claim confess confide convey declare mention note observe proclaim propose recount reiterate relate remark repeat report reveal say state suggest 37.8 "complain" verbs boast brag complain crab gripe grouch grouse grumble kvetch object 37.9 "advise" verbs admonish advise alert caution counsel instruct warn 38 "bark" verbs baa bark bay bellow blat bleat bray buzz cackle call caw chatter cheep chirp chirrup chitter cluck coo croak crow cuckoo drone gobble growl grunt hee-haw hiss honk hoot howl low meow mew moo neigh oink peep pipe purr quack roar scrawk scream screech sing snap snarl snort snuffle squawk squeak squeal stridulate trill tweet twitter wail warble whimper whinny whistle woof yap yell yelp yip yowl 39.1 "eat" verbs drink eat 39.2 "chew" verbs chew chomp crunch gnaw lick munch nibble peck pick sip slurp suck 39.3 "gobble" verbs bolt gobble gulp guzzle quaff swallow swig wolf 39.4 "devour" verbs consume devour imbibe ingest swill 39.5 "dine" verbs banquet breakfast brunch dine feast graze lunch luncheon nosh picnic snack sup 39.6 "gorge" verbs exist feed flourish gorge live prosper survive thrive 39.7 "bottlefeed" verbs bottlefeed breastfeed feed forcefeed handfeed spoonfeed 40.1.1 "hiccup" verbs belch blush burp flush hiccup pant sneeze sniffle snore snuffle swallow wheeze yawn 40.1.2 "breathe" verbs bleed breathe cough cry dribble drool puke spit sweat vomit weep 40.1.3 "exhale" verbs exhale inhale perspire 40.2 "beam" verbs beam cackle chortle chuckle cough cry frown gape gasp gawk giggle glare glower goggle grimace grin groan growl guffaw howl jeer laugh moan pout scowl sigh simper smile smirk sneeze snicker sniff snigger snivel snore snort sob titter weep whistle yawn 40.3.1 "wink" verbs blink clap nod point shrug squint wag wave wink 40.3.2 "crane" verbs arch bare bat beat blow clench click close cock crane crook cross drum flap flash flex flick flutter fold gnash grind hang hunch kick knit open pucker purse raise roll rub shake show shuffle smack snap stamp stretch toss turn twiddle twitch wag waggle wiggle wring wrinkle 40.3.3 "curtsey" verbs bob bow curtsey genuflect kneel salaam salute 40.4 "snooze" verbs catnap doze drowse nap sleep slumber snooze 40.5 "flinch" verbs balk cower cringe flinch recoil shrink wince 40.6 "convulse" verbs convulse cower quake quiver shake shiver shudder tremble writhe 40.7 "suffocate" verbs asphyxiate choke drown stifle suffocate 40.8.1 "pain" verbs ache bother hurt itch pain 40.8.2 "tingle" verbs burn hum pound prickle pucker reel smart spin split sting swim throb tickle tingle 40.8.3 "hurt" verbs bark bite break bruise bump burn chip cut fracture hurt injure nick prick pull rupture scald scratch skin split sprain strain stub turn twist 40.8.4 "swoon" verbs blanch faint sicken swoon 41.1.1 "dress" verbs bathe change disrobe dress exercise preen primp shave shower strip undress wash 41.1.2 "groom" verbs curry groom 41.2.1 "floss" verbs brush floss shave wash 41.2.2 "braid" verbs bob braid brush clip coldcream comb condition crimp crop curl cut dye file henna lather manicure part perm plait pluck powder rinse rouge set shampoo soap talc tease towel trim wave 41.3.1 "don" verbs doff don wear 41.3.2 "spruce" verbs doll dress spruce tog 41.3.3 "clad" verbs attire clad garb robe 42.1 "murder" verbs assassinate butcher dispatch eliminate execute immolate kill liquidate massacre murder slaughter slay 42.2 "poison" verbs asphyxiate crucify drown electrocute garrotte hang knife poison shoot smother stab strangle suffocate 43.1 "sparkle" verbs beam blaze blink burn flame flare flash flicker glare gleam glimmer glint glisten glitter glow incandesce scintillate shimmer shine sparkle twinkle 43.2 "bang" verbs babble bang beat beep bellow blare blast blat boom bubble burble burr buzz chatter chime chink chir chitter chug clack clang clank clap clash clatter click cling clink clomp clump clunk crack crackle crash creak crepitate crunch cry ding dong explode fizz fizzle groan growl gurgle hiss hoot howl hum jangle jingle knell knock lilt moan murmur patter peal ping pink pipe plink plonk plop plunk pop purr putter rap rasp rattle ring roar roll rumble rustle scream screech shriek shrill sing sizzle snap splash splutter sputter squawk squeak squeal squelch strike swish swoosh thrum thud thump thunder thunk tick ting tinkle toll toot tootle trill trumpet twang ululate vroom wail wheeze whine whir whish whistle whoosh whump zing 43.3 "reek" verbs reek smell stink 43.4 "belch" verbs belch bleed bubble dribble drip drool emanate exude foam gush leak ooze pour puff radiate seep shed slop spew spill spout sprout spurt squirt steam stream sweat 44 "destroy" verbs annihilate blitz decimate demolish destroy devastate exterminate extirpate obliterate ravage raze ruin waste wreck 45.1 "break" verbs break chip crack crash crush fracture rip shatter smash snap splinter split tear 45.2 "bend" verbs bend crease crinkle crumple fold rumple wrinkle 45.3 "cook" verbs bake barbecue blanch boil braise broil brown charbroil charcoal-broil coddle cook crisp deep-fry French fry fry grill hardboil heat microwave oven-fry oven-poach overcook pan-broil pan-fry parboil parch percolate perk plank poach pot-roast rissole roast saut\'e scald scallop shirr simmer softboil steam steam-bake stew stir-fry toast 45.4 "alternating change of state" verbs abate accelerate acetify acidify advance age agglomerate air alkalify alter ameliorate americanize atrophy attenuate awake awaken balance blacken blast blunt blur brighten broaden brown burn burst calcify capsize caramelize carbonify carbonize change char cheapen chill clean clear clog close coagulate coarsen collapse collect compress condense contract cool corrode crimson crisp crumble crystallize dampen darken de-escalate decelerate decentralize decompose decrease deepen deflate defrost degenerate degrade dehumidify demagnetize democratize depressurize desiccate destabilize deteriorate detonate dim diminish dirty disintegrate dissipate dissolve distend divide double drain dry dull ease empty emulsify energize enlarge equalize evaporate even expand explode fade fatten federate fill firm flatten flood fossilize fray freeze freshen frost fructify fuse gasify gelatinize gladden glutenize granulate gray green grow halt harden harmonize hasten heal heat heighten humidify hush hybridize ignite improve increase incubate inflate intensify iodize ionize kindle lengthen lessen level levitate light lighten lignify liquefy loop loose loosen macerate magnetize magnify mature mellow melt moisten muddy multiply narrow neaten neutralize nitrify open operate ossify overturn oxidize pale petrify polarize pop proliferate propagate pulverize purify purple putrefy quadruple quicken quiet quieten redden regularize rekindle reopen reproduce ripen roughen round rupture scorch sear sharpen short short-circuit shorten shrink shrivel shut sicken silicify silver singe sink slack slacken slim slow smarten smooth soak sober soften solidify sour splay sprout stabilize steady steep steepen stiffen straighten stratify strengthen stretch submerge subside sweeten tame tan taper tauten tense thaw thicken thin tighten tilt tire topple toughen triple ulcerate unfold unionize vaporize vary vibrate vitrify volatilize waken warm warp weaken westernize whiten widen worsen yellow 45.5 "blister" verbs blister bloom blossom burn corrode decay deteriorate erode ferment flower germinate molder molt rot rust sprout stagnate swell tarnish wilt wither 45.6 "decrease" verbs appreciate balloon climb decline decrease depreciate differ diminish drop fall fluctuate gain grow increase jump mushroom plummet plunge rise rocket skyrocket soar surge tumble vary 46 "lodge" verbs bivouac board camp dwell live lodge reside settle shelter stay stop 47.1 "exist" verbs coexist correspond depend dwell endure exist extend flourish languish linger live loom lurk overspread persist predominate prevail prosper remain reside shelter stay survive thrive tower wait 47.2 "billow" verbs billow bloom blossom blow breathe bristle bulge burn cascade corrode decay decompose effervesce erode ferment fester fizz flow flower foam froth germinate grow molt propagate rage ripple roil rot rust seethe smoke smolder spread sprout stagnate stream sweep tarnish trickle wilt wither 47.3 "wobble" verbs bob bow creep dance drift eddy flap float flutter hover jiggle joggle oscillate pulsate quake quiver revolve rock rotate shake stir sway swirl teeter throb totter tremble undulate vibrate waft wave waver wiggle wobble writhe 47.4 "echo" verbs din echo resonate resound reverberate sound 47.5.1 "swarm" verbs abound bustle crawl creep hop run swarm swim teem throng 47.5.2 "herd" verbs accumulate aggregate amass assemble cluster collect congregate convene flock gather group herd huddle mass 47.5.3 "bulge" verbs bristle bulge seethe 47.6 "balance" verbs balance bend bow crouch dangle flop fly hang hover jut kneel lean lie loll loom lounge nestle open perch plop project protrude recline rest rise roost sag sit slope slouch slump sprawl squat stand stoop straddle swing tilt tower 47.7 "meander" verbs cascade climb crawl cut drop go meander plunge run straggle stretch sweep tumble turn twist wander weave wind 47.8 "hug" verbs abut adjoin blanket border bound bracket bridge cap contain cover cross dominate edge encircle enclose fence fill flank follow frame head hit hug intersect line meet miss overhang precede rim ring skirt span straddle support surmount surround top touch underlie 48.1.1 "appear" verbs appear arise awake awaken break burst come dawn derive develop emanate emerge erupt evolve exude flow form grow gush issue materialize open plop pop up result rise show up spill spread steal stem stream supervene surge turn up wax 48.1.2 "assert" verbs assert declare define express form intrude manifest offer pose present proffer recommend shape show suggest 48.2 "die" verbs die disappear expire lapse perish vanish 48.3 "transpire" verbs ensue eventuate happen occur recur transpire 49 "buck" verbs buck fidget flap gyrate kick rock squirm sway teeter totter twitch waggle wiggle wobble wriggle 50 "crouch" verbs bend bow crouch flop hang kneel lean lie perch plop rise sit slouch slump sprawl squat stand stoop straddle 51.1 "advance" verbs advance arrive ascend climb come cross depart descend enter escape exit fall flee go leave plunge recede return rise tumble 51.2 "abandon" verbs abandon desert leave 51.3.1 "roll" verbs bounce coil drift drop float glide move revolve roll rotate slide spin swing turn twirl twist whirl wind 51.3.2 "run" verbs amble backpack bolt bounce bound bowl canter carom cavort charge clamber climb clump coast crawl creep dart dash dodder drift file flit float fly frolic gallop gambol glide goosestep hasten hike hobble hop hurry hurtle inch jog journey jump leap limp lollop lope lumber lurch march meander mince mosey nip pad parade perambulate plod prance promenade prowl race ramble roam roll romp rove run rush sashay saunter scamper scoot scram scramble scud scurry scutter scuttle shamble shuffle sidle skedaddle skip skitter skulk sleepwalk slide slink slither slog slouch sneak somersault speed stagger stomp stray streak stride stroll strut stumble stump swagger sweep swim tack tear tiptoe toddle totter traipse tramp travel trek troop trot trudge trundle vault waddle wade walk wander whiz zigzag zoom 51.4.1 "skate" verbs balloon bicycle bike boat bobsled bus cab canoe caravan chariot coach cycle dogsled ferry gondola helicopter jeep jet kayak moped motor motorbike motorcycle parachute punt raft rickshaw rocket skate skateboard ski sled sledge sleigh taxi toboggan tram trolley yacht 51.4.2 "pedal" verbs cruise drive fly oar paddle pedal ride row sail tack 51.5 "waltz" verbs boogie bop cancan clog conga dance foxtrot jig jitterbug jive pirouette polka quickstep rumba samba shuffle squaredance tango tapdance waltz 51.6 "chase" verbs chase follow pursue shadow tail track trail 51.7 "accompany" verbs accompany conduct escort guide lead shepherd 52 "avoid" verbs avoid boycott dodge duck elude evade shun sidestep 53.1 "linger" verbs dally dawdle delay dither hesitate linger loiter tarry 53.2 "rush" verbs hasten hurry rush 54.1 "measure" verbs measure read register total weigh 54.2 "cost" verbs carry cost last take 54.3 "fit" verbs carry contain feed fit hold house seat serve sleep store take use 54.4 "price" verbs appraise assess estimate fix peg price rate value 54.5 "bill" verbs bet bill charge fine mulct overcharge save spare tax tip undercharge wager 55.1 "begin" verbs begin cease commence continue end finish halt keep proceed repeat resume start stop terminate 55.2 "complete" verbs complete discontinue initiate quit 56 "weekend" verbs December holiday honeymoon overnight sojourn summer vacation weekend winter 57 "rain" verbs blow clear drizzle fog freeze gust hail howl lightning mist mizzle pelt pour precipitate rain roar shower sleet snow spit spot sprinkle storm swelter teem thaw thunder