X-ray Spectroscopy

A Critical Look at the Past Accomplishments and Future Prospects

A course presented at the Harbin Institute of Technology, December 2013

Lecture overheads

  1. Fundamental principles of x-ray-matter interactions: x-ray absorption and emission (pdf)
  2. Principles of EXAFS and XANES data analysis (pdf)
  3. Applications of x-ray spectroscopy to inorganic chemistry (pdf)
  4. Advanced methods in x-ray spectroscopies (pdf)

Suggested reading - general background on x-ray absorption

Scott, Methods Enzymol. (pdf)
Levina et al., Coord. Chem. Rev. (pdf) - discussion of multiple scattering


Penner-Hahn, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry 2 (pdf)
Penner-Hahn, Spectroscopically Silent Metals (pdf)

Other useful sites for background information
CSRRI
Periodic table-based x-ray absorption coefficients
NIST site on x-ray absorption
Attwood lectures on soft x-rays
 

References focused on data collection
Ascone et al. discussion of exptl conditions for biological EXAFS (JSR)
NSLS 2002 Workshop on EXAFS data collection and analysis (esp. presentation by Scarrow)
NSLS 2003 Workshop (presentation by Calvin - focuses on materials rather than biological samples)
and, if you'd like even more detail, see Tutorials by Grant Bunker
Discussion of surface sensitivity in XAS (Stohr)

References on data analysis
Web sites
Bruce Ravel's notes on using FEFFIT for data analysis
Daresbury Laboratory lectures on data analysis (EXCURV98)
Grant Bunker's XAFS tutorials
Chantler (Uni. Melbourne) on the absolute determination of x-ray absorption
Literature
Zn data analysis protocol (Clark-Baldwin et al., JACS)
Multiple minima in Pd allyls (Clot et al., JACS)
XANES normalization (Weng et al., JSR)
Vanadium speciation - one of the first applications of PCA (Coulston et al., Science)
More general discussion of PCA method (Wasserman et al., JSR)
Frenkel et al on comparison of PCA with other methods

References on Near Edge Structure

Multiplet effects in XANES (DeGroot, CCR)
Ligand K-edge XANES (Solomon et al., CCR)
Determination of Cu oxidation state (Kau et al., JACS)
Example of linear multiple scattering (George, Cummins and co-workers, JACS)
Examples of characteristic sulfur XANES (George and Gorbaty, JACS)
MXAN calculations for hexacyanoferrates (Benfatto, JACS)
MXAN methodology (Benfatto, JSR)
FEFF methodology (Rehr, CCR)
Other background reading (for the truly dedicated)
Dependence of electron mean-free-path on energy (Penn, PRB)
Angular dependence of scattering factors (Barton and Shirley, PRB)

References on Imaging

Comparison of different microprobes (Cholewa, NIM-B)
Chromate uptake by living cells (Hughes, JBIC)
Elemental microenvironments in macrophages (Wagner, J. Immunol.)
Se XANES mapping (Pickering, PNAS)

Time resolved XAS

Rapid (conventional) XAS of Au cluster formation, (JPC)
Piezo QEXAFS methodology, (JSR)
QEXAFS of Ce reduction (J. Chem. Phys)
Dispersive XAS overview - strengths and limitations (J. Synchr. Rad)
Dispersive XAS of Pd/C electrodes (PCCP)
Dispersive EXAFS of Rh(I) catalysts, (JCP)
Rapid freeze quench studies of alcohol dehydogenase (NSB)

Related/advanced techniques

Ultrafast spectroscopy of Ru(bpy)3 (Saes, PRL)
Other ultrafast XAS studies (Chen, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem.)
Multiple excitations in Cs(g) and Xe(g)
Multiple excitations in other samples
DAFS (in Resonant Anomalous X-Ray Scattering: Theory and Applications)
Site-selective DAFS of nanocrystalline Ge
Review of X-ray MCD (CCR)
X-ray MCD of plastocyanin (J. Phys. Chem.)
X-ray Natural CD
High-resolution x-ray emission (Bergmann and Glatzel, CCR)
Spin-selective XAS using inelastic scattering (PRB)
RIXS studies of Fe XANES
High-resolution XES - edge sharpening (Rev. Sci. Instrum.)
Site selective EXAFS of Prussian Blue

Data analysis software
ESRF Software catalog
XFIT
EXAFSPAK
Athena and Artemis
        FEFFIT and IFEFFIT
DL EXCURV
WinXAS

Information needed for proposal preparation
SSRL Proposal Submission guidelines
SSRL Proposal form (rtf)