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Schematic of PEBBLE Gene Gun delivery method (top) and TEM images of stained PEBBLEs in cell thin sections.
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A few different methods can be used to deliver PEBBLEs into cells. The first, shown here, is a Gene Gun. This technique was developed by biologists to deliver DNA into cells, and we use it for the PEBBLEs. This is sort of a "shotgun" approach, where a blast of helium shoots dried PEBBLEs off a disk, after which they fly down into the cell culture dish and end up embedded randomly in the cells. Once the correct pressure and PEBBLE concentration are found, this method is very effective for many types of cells. |
