This edition presents transcriptions and a study of the approximately 300 wax cylinders of Spanish-language songs performed by 35 local informants and recorded in Southern California in 1904 and 1905 by Charles F. Lummis. The Lummis Cylinder Collection--now at the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles--is the largest and most significant collection of Mexican and Mexican-American folk and popular song from nineteenth-century California and the Southwest. It preserves most of the song types performed by Hispanic musicians in the nineteenth century: canciones, romances, early corridos, dance songs, children's songs, political and patriotic songs, among others. In this edition, sample songs from other collections of Mexican-American music will be included along with transcriptions from the Lummis Collection for comparative purposes. The edition also includes: an essay overview of Mexican musical life in nineteenth-century California, biographical sketches of Lummis's informants, a concordance between the Lummis collection and other published and manuscript collections and/or recordings, and an analysis of Lummis's role in documenting and preserving Mexican-American musical traditions.