Segment angle. There was a large difference in the maximum clockwise thigh segment angles from treadmill running to track running. The maximum clockwise angle during track running was much greater than during treadmill running (41 versus 18 deg). There was not much difference between the maximum counterclockwise segment angles during treadmill running and track running (-42 versus &endash;40 deg). The range of motion of the thigh segment angle during treadmill running was smaller than the thigh segment angle during track running (-60 versus &endash;81 deg).
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Figure 3. Thigh angle during the treadmill running (left) and the track running (right). The thigh angle is calculated from the vertical axis about the hip joint. Anatomical position corresponds to 0 deg. Increasing values represent clockwise rotation. | |
Joint angle 1. The knee flexion angle during treadmill running and track running were similar. There was not much difference in the knee flexion angle during both treadmill and track running (255 versus 258 deg). There was only an 11 degree difference in the knee extension angle during treadmill and track running (179 versus 168 deg). Also, there was not a large difference in range of motion at the knee angle during treadmill and track running (76 versus 90 deg).
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Figure 4. The knee angle during the treadmill running (left) and the track running (right). The knee angle is calculated as the angle between the thigh segment and the lower leg segment. Anatomical position corresponds to 180 deg. Increasing values represent flexion of the knee joint. | |
Joint angle 2. The biggest difference that was found in the hip joint angle between treadmill running and track running was the range of motion. Treadmill running had a smaller range of motion than track running (54 versus 74 deg). The hip joint flexion angle of treadmill running and track running was pretty similar. The flexion angle for treadmill running was 222 degrees while for track running it was 229 degrees. Also, treadmill running had a greater hip extension angle than track running (168 versus 154 deg).
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Figure 5. Hip angle during the treadmill running (left) and the track running (right). Thigh angle is calculated as the angle between the trunk segment and the thigh segment. Anatomical position corresponds to 180 deg. Increasing values represent flexion. | |
Joint velocity. There was a large difference in the angular velocity at the hip joint for treadmill and track running. There was a greater flexion during track running than treadmill running (795 versus 473 deg/s) and also a greater extension during track running than on the treadmill (-757 versus &endash;437 deg/s).
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Figure 6. The hip joint angular velocity in the treadmill running (left) and the track running (right). Positive values represent flexion. | |
Angle-Angle Plot. During the trackrunning, there was more of a coordinated movement between the knee and the hip joint than the treadmill running. In the first part of the treadmill running, there was a decoupled movement at the hip and ankle joints where there was extension at the hip joint and no movement at the knee joint. This was indicated by the horizontal line of the treadmill graph (left). Next, there was coupled and out-phase movement of the hip and knee joints, with hip extension and knee flexion by the downwards sloping horizontal line (left). Then, there was coupled and in-phase movement of the hip and knee joints because they were both flexing. This was indicated by the upwards sloping vertical area (left). Lastly, there was a decoupled movement of the hip and ankle joints where there is no movement at the hip and extension of the knee. This was indicated by the top horizontal line (left).
In the first part of the track running, there was a coupled in-phase movement of the hip and ankle joints where there was flexion at both the hip and the knee. This was indicated by the downward diagonal slope of the track running graph (right). Next, there was couple out-phase movement of the hip and knee joints where the hip extended and the knee flexed. This was indicated by upward diagonal slope of the graph (right). Lastly, there was decoupled movement of the hip and knee joints where the hip remained the same and the knee extended. This was indicated by the horizontal line (right).
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Figure 7. Coordination of hip angle and knee angle in the treadmill running (left) and track running (right). | |
