Figure 2. Body motion in the male broad jump (left) and the female broad jump (right). The body segments are the trunk, thigh, and shaft. The direction of motion is from left to right. The black squares indicate reference markers.
The standing broad jump began with the subjects standing upright. The movement proceeded through the preparation, flight, and landing phase. The final position occurred when the subjects reached maximum flexion during the landing phase of the broad jump. The total time was the same for both subjects (1.43 sec). The preparation phase was similar for male (1.07 sec) and female (1.04 sec) subjects. This phase took 75% of the total time of the jump for the male and 72.7% for the female subject. The duration of the flight phase was also similar between the subjects. The male subject's flight phase (0.20 sec) was 13.6% of the total jump time and the female's flight phase (0.23 sec) was 15.9% of the total jump time. The landing phases for the male and female subjects were both subjects (0.16 sec) was 11.4% of the total jump time.
The standing broad jump for both subjects contained three phases: preparation, flight, and landing. During the preparation phase both subjects moved from full extension of the knee, hip, and trunk to flexion of the knee and hip with a forward (clockwise) rotation of the trunk. The male subject extended his hip in the flight phase with minimal knee extension. The male subject pulled his legs in front of the trunk which caused hip flexion at the end of the flight phase. The trunk of the male subject rotated backwards (counterclockwise) during flight. The female subject performed the flight phase by extending the hip and the knee to near full extension. The hip then proceeded to flex at the end of the flight phase. The female subject's trunk rotated backwards (counterclockwise) and then continued with forward (clockwise) rotation through the landing phase. The landing phase brought the subjects' hips and knees into maximum flexion. The male subject had minimal trunk rotation during the landing phase. The female subject continued with forward (clockwise) rotation of the trunk.
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Figure 2. Body motion in the male broad jump (left) and the female broad jump (right). The body segments are the trunk, thigh, and shaft. The direction of motion is from left to right. The black squares indicate reference markers. | |