Joint Position. The vertical displacement of the hip for the male and female subjects was different. The vertical displacement was measured at the hip by calculating the difference between the value at the initial standing position and the maximum value which occurred at the peak jump height. The female subject jumped higher (0.09 m) than the male subject (0.03 m). This shows that the female jumped three times higher than the male subject. The male subject jumped only 3.1% of his body height while the female subject jumped 9.2% of her body height. In order to determine the length of the jump, the horizontal displacement was measured at the ankle for the male and female subjects. Displacement was taken from the initial standing position to the point of landing. The male subject jumped further (0.50 m) than the female subject (0.45 m).
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Figure 8. Position of the hip in the male broad jump (left) and the female broad jump (right). Increasing values represent forward movement in the horizontal direction and upward movement in the vertical direction. The blue line represents the horizontal position and the pink line represents vertical position. | |
Joint velocity. The direction of the hip velocities between the male and female were very similar. However, the magnitude of the velocities varied between the two subjects. The male subject's forward velocity (1.28 m/s) was 0.05 m/s slower than the female subject's forward velocity (1.33 m/s). The upward velocity for the male subject (0.61 m/s) was 0.39 m/s slower than that of the female subject (1.00m/s).
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Figure 9. Velocity of the hip in the male broad jump (left) and the female broad jump (right). Positive values represent forward movement in the horizontal direction and upward movement in the vertical direction. The blue line represents the horizontal position and the pink line represents vertical position. | |
Center of mass. The location of the center of mass, found at the peak jump height (measured at the hip marker), was similar between the male and female subjects. Both subjects' center of mass was located superior and anterior to their hips, although their body postures were different. The male subject had a more upright trunk with flexed knees, while the female subject had forward rotation of the trunk and her shank was more forward with extended knees. The center of mass for the male subject was 0.02 meter anterior to the hip. The female subject's center of mass was 0.03 meter anterior to the hip, which was 0.01 meter further from the body than the male's center of mass. The vertical location of the center of mass of the male subjects was 0.08 meter superior to the hip and the female subject's was 0.07 meter. Although the center of mass of each subject was similar relative to their bodies, the absolute location of the center of mass was higher (0.08 m) in the female subject as compared with the male.
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Figure 10. Location of the center of mass (COM) in the male broad jump (left) and the female broad jump (right). | |
