(* to be used in conjunction with material from lectures, readings and discussion sections)

major parts of the neuron and types of neurons

basics of neural activity: resting potential, depolarization, action potential, ion gates, myelin

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and major parts of each

4 major lobes in each hemisphere: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

types of brain damage: atrophy, focal lesion, infarct

definitions of agnosia, aphasia, apraxia, visual agnosia, and prosopagnosia

clinical vs. research agendas

research methods of neuropsychology

phrenology- its basic tenets, founders of, problems with

Broca’s and Wernicke’s cases and their importance

cerebral dominance

meninges: (1) dura mater (2) arachnoid membrane (3) pia mater

cerebral spinal fluid, ventricles, neurons, glia and their functions, myelin (functions and disorders of)

directional terms: anterior / posterior (rostral/caudal); dorsal/ventral; lateral/medial

bilateral/unilateral/contralateral

Planes of section (coronal, horizontal/transaxial, saggital)

fissure (e.g. longitudinal, calcarine, lateral (Sylvian)), sulcus (e.g. central sulcus), gyrus (e.g. pre- and post-central)

primary, secondary, association cortex

cognitive neuroscience methods: neuroanatomical (histology), neurophysiological (electrical stimulation, single-unit recordings), experimental lesions, neurology (structural brain imaging with CT and MRI), PET, fMRI, ERPs

basics of neuropsychological testing: tests of general intellectual ability (i.e., WAIS), and how they relate to tests of executive function, memory, and premorbid abilities

Posner’s categorization experiment, findings, and implications

cytoarchitecture/cytoarchitectonic map (Brodmann's map)

projection maps, retinotopic map, cortical magnification

Penfield's specification of the somatotopic and motor maps: homunculus

Effects of "nurture" on the somatotopic maps

Auditory processing areas in the Temporal lobe

decussation, optic nerve, chiasm, tract, LGN, optic radiations, geniculostriate pathway

primary visual cortex (area 17 or striate cortex, V1)

nasal and temporal hemiretinas, visual field (nasal/temporal), hemifield

fovea versus peripheral field

perimetry, monocular, binocular

anopia, quadranopsia, homonymous hemianopia, scotoma

effects of lesions on the visual system

blindsight, residual vision, and its implications

saccade, saccadic localization study of blindsight by Poppel, Held, & Frost

brain pathways (retinotectal & tectopulvinar) thought to mediate blindsight

cortical islands hypothesis and the evidence for it

encephalization

superior colliculus, tectum

Ungerleider & Mishkin's study of the dorsal & ventral visual pathways

receptive field, m and p retinal ganglion cells and their properties

manocellular/parvocellular pathways; cytochrome oxidase reveals blobs/interblobs

double dissociation (know the logic of this method)

attribute-specific deficits: achromatopsia, akinetopsia

extrastriate cortex: areas 18 [V2 & V3] and 19 [V4 & V5 (MT)]

Visual search experiments, findings, and implications (Treisman)