(* to be used in addition to material from lectures, readings and discussion groups)

(Intractable) epilepsy, types of seizures, characteristics of seizures

corpus callosum, parts of; interhemispheric commissures: anterior, hippocampal, collicular

commissurotomy

functions of the corpus callosum

Akelaitis results versus Sperry, Gazzaniga & Bogen results

disconnection symptoms, alien hand sign

Experiment by Myers & Sperry: method, implications

Holtzman & Gazzaniga study illustrating superior performance in split brain patients

Reuter-Lorenz & Miller study illustrating basic asymmetries in split-brain patients

Patient PS, consciousness, left-brain interpreter, cross-cueing

hemispheric dominance/specialization

global/local processing, hierarchically organized figures

dichotomies describing hemispheric differences

direct access model versus indirect relay model versus activation orienting model

tachistoscopic method/dichotic listening

functional asymmetries in the normal brain

corpus callosum and resource allocation, Banich task

sodium amytal procedure ("Wada test") and relevance

differences between left and right handers

Case V.J. (the left-handed split-brain patient) patterns of deficits and dissociations

components of sound-based speech (phoneme, morpheme, syntax, lexicon, semantics, prosody, articulation, discourse)

aphasia, dysarthria

Right hemisphere contributions to language

Wernicke-Geschwind model (Brodmann's Areas 44 and 22, primary auditory cortex, arcuate fasciculus, angular gyrus (39)) and its account of language behaviors

arguments against hypothesis that Broca's aphasia is primarily motoric rather than linguistic deficit

characteristics of disordered language (fluency vs dysfluency, anomia, comprehension disorders, repetition disorders, agrammatism, word salad, semantic and phonemic paraphasias, neologisms, alexia, agraphia)

kinds of aphasia (Broca's, Wernicke's, Conduction, Transcortical motor aphasia, Transcortical sensory aphasia, Global aphasia); know hypothesized lesion sites and symptoms

Category-specific deficits, PET evidence

frontal lobe structure & function: motor, premotor, prefrontal (dorsolateral, ventrolateral, orbital frontal cortex), Brodmann's areas, connectivity with other areas (cortical and limbic)

frontal lobotomy and its effects

Phineas Gage

Effects of frontal lobe damage: release signs, antisaccades, perseveration, disinhibition, etc.

delayed response task

Goldman-Rakic studies, principal sulcus, delayed saccade task, spatial selectivity

spatial and verbal working memory tests

Tests of frontal lobe function: Stroop task, Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, Task switching, verbal/design fluency

typical effects of frontal lobe damage (rule-breaking, etc.)

Central executive functions of the frontal lobe

Effects of normal aging on working memory activations

Somatic maker hypothesis, ventromedial areas, "affective working memory," Descartes’ error

Dementias - characterization, etiology, contrast/compare: DAT, vascular dementia, Pick's disease, Lewy Body Dementia

DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for DAT and vascular dementia

retrograde vs. anterograde amnesia

case H.M., hippocampus and medial temporal structures

long-term memory and tests of (e.g., recognition, recall, skill learning, priming)

CA1 and case R.B.

declarative (explicit) vs. nondeclarative/procedural (implicit) memories: tests of, neural basis of

Causes of amnesia

consolidation (what is it, how does it explain patterns of memory loss in medial temporal lobe amnesics)

frontal contributions to memory for source and context

temporal gradient in retrograde amnesia, tests of retrograde amnesia

HERA model

PET study of self referential cognition