Psych 345:  Human Neuropsychology  -  Winter 2000
Study Guide for Final Exam*
(* to be used in addition to material from lectures, readings and discussion groups)

(Intractable) epilepsy, types of seizures, characteristics of seizures
corpus callosum, parts of; interhemispheric commissures: anterior, hippocampal, collicular
commissurotomy
functions of the corpus callosum
Akelaitis results versus Sperry, Gazzaniga & Bogen results
disconnection symptoms, alien hand sign
Experiment by Myers & Sperry: method, implications
Holtzman & Gazzaniga study illustrating superior performance in split brain patients
Reuter-Lorenz & Miller study illustrating basic asymmetries in split-brain patients
Patient PS, consciousness, left-brain interpreter, cross-cueing
hemispheric dominance/specialization
global/local processing, hierarchically organized figures
dichotomies describing hemispheric differences
direct access model versus indirect relay model versus activation orienting model
tachistoscopic method/dichotic listening
functional asymmetries in the normal brain
corpus callosum and resource allocation, Banich task
sodium amytal procedure ("Wada test") and relevance
differences between left and right handers
Case V.J. (the left-handed split-brain patient) patterns of deficits and dissociations
components of sound-based speech (phoneme, morpheme, syntax, lexicon, semantics, prosody, 
articulation, discourse)
aphasia, dysarthria
Right hemisphere contributions to language
Wernicke-Geschwind model (Brodmann's Areas 44 and 22, primary auditory cortex, arcuate 
fasciculus, angular gyrus (39)) and its account of language behaviors
arguments against hypothesis that Broca's aphasia is primarily motoric rather than linguistic 
deficit
characteristics of disordered language (fluency vs dysfluency, anomia, comprehension disorders, 
repetition disorders, agrammatism, word salad, semantic and phonemic paraphasias, neologisms, alexia, agraphia)
kinds of aphasia (Broca's, Wernicke's, Conduction, Transcortical motor aphasia, Transcortical 
sensory aphasia, Global aphasia); know hypothesized lesion sites and symptoms
Category-specific deficits, PET evidence
frontal lobe structure & function: motor, premotor, prefrontal (dorsolateral, ventrolateral, orbital 
frontal cortex), Brodmann's areas, connectivity with other areas (cortical and limbic)
frontal lobotomy and its effects
Phineas Gage
Effects of frontal lobe damage: release signs, antisaccades, perseveration, disinhibition, etc.
delayed response task
Goldman-Rakic studies, principal sulcus, delayed saccade task, spatial selectivity
spatial and verbal working memory tests

Tests of frontal lobe function:  Stroop task, Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, Task 
switching, verbal/design fluency
typical effects of frontal lobe damage (rule-breaking, etc.)
Central executive functions of the frontal lobe
Effects of normal aging on working memory activations
Somatic maker hypothesis, ventromedial areas, “affective working memory,” Descartes’ error
Dementias - characterization, etiology, contrast/compare: DAT, vascular dementia, Pick's 
disease, Lewy Body Dementia
DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for DAT and vascular dementia
retrograde vs. anterograde amnesia
case H.M., hippocampus and medial temporal structures
long-term memory and tests of  (e.g., recognition, recall, skill learning, priming)
CA1  and case R.B.
declarative (explicit) vs. nondeclarative/procedural (implicit) memories: tests of, neural basis of
Causes of amnesia
consolidation (what is it, how does it explain patterns of memory loss in medial temporal lobe 
amnesics)
frontal contributions to memory for source and context
temporal gradient in retrograde amnesia, tests of retrograde amnesia
HERA model
PET study of self referential cognition