True or False Questions

Chapter 8

By age 6, the children's body is proportionately not ver different from that of the adults
Children in developing countries tend to be somewhat shorter than the average American child of the same age.
Accidents are the leading cause of childhood death.
The right and left hemispheres of the brain undergo growth spurts at different times.
In terms of brain maturation, there is no reason that children should not begin formal schooling before age 6.
Most child maltreatment does not involve serious physical abuse.
Behavior that is considered maltreatment in one culture or community may not be considered so in another
A popular, but false, belief is that poverty, youth, isolation, and ignorance are correlated with parental abuse of children.
(A life-Span View) Most abused children become abusers themselves.
Adoption is generally the best solution in preventing maltreatment of older children.

Chapter 9

Preschoolers' thinking is often dictated more by their own subjective views than by reality
A 3-year-old is likely to believe that the same about of ice is actually more when it is transferred from a large bowl to a small bowl.
Many contemporary developmentalist see cognitive growth more as a social activity than as a matter of individual discovery
(Research Report) Recent evidence reveals that 2- to 6-year-old children are much less logical than Piaget believed.
(Changing Policy) Young children are nearly always unreliably eye-witnesses
Researchers have been unable to find evidence that children younger than 4 are able to recall events that occurred more than a day or two earlier
Most 3-year-olds clearly understand that a belief can be false
By age 6, children's vocabulary includes an average of more than 10,000 words.
During the preschool years, children produce more complex grammar than they comprehend.
Preschool education programs, such as Head Start, have been a disappointing failure in terms of compensating for children's impoverished home environment.

Chapter 10

Most preschoolers underestimate their own abilities
(Changing Policy) In the development of most skills, only children fare as well as or better than children with siblings.
Observers can tell from the facial expression of children engaged in rough-and-tumble play that they are engaging in aggressive, hostile behavior
(A Life-Span View) A typical U.S. preschooler watches more than 3 hours of television each day
Permissive parenting is almost always that most destructive parental style
(Research Report) Spanking seems to lead a child to be aggressive under all circumstances
Punitive parents tend to produce hostile and aggressive children
By age 2, childfree can apply gender labels
Children universally prefer sane-sex playmates and certain toys and games during early and middle childhood
The idea that some gender differences are biologically based is becoming less well accepted with each passing year.

Chapter 11

Children grow more rapidly during middle childhood than any other time
In developed countries most of the variation in children's height and weight is due to heredity
(Research Report) The best way to get children to lose weight is to increase their physical activity
With minor exceptions, boys and girls have nearly equal physical abilities in middle childhood
IQ scores are not very reliable in predicting school achievement
One of the first noticeable symptoms of autism is lack of spoken language.
The diagnosis of a learning disability is based on disparity and exclusion
The crucial factor in ADHD is neurological, a brain deficit that results in great difficulty "paying attention."
Four times as many boys as girls have ADHD
(Children Up Close) Mainstreaming is the most effective method for educating children with special needs.

Chapter 12 - No questions available

Chapter 13

Although schoolchildren develop greater skills in monitoring their emotional reactions, their ability to control them is actually worse than when they were a year or two younger.
(In person) School-age children typically are more self-critical than they were as preschoolers.
Acceptance by their peer group is more important to schoolchildren than having a few close friends.
Older children change friends more often than do younger children.
Middle schoolers tend to choose best friends wheeze backgrounds, interests and values are similar to their own.
Aggressive-rejected children tend to underestimate their competence.
Bullying during middle childhood seems to be universal.
Between ages 7 and 11 the overall frequency of various psychological problems decrease
In most cases, children's lives change for the worse during a divorce
(A Life-Span view) Divorce is generally hardest on children at the beginning or end of middle childhood.

Chapter 14

Adolescence is a time of trouble and emotional turbulence for most teenagers.
The average age of onset of puberty today varies from nation to nation and from ethnic group to ethnic group.
Physical growth in puberty proceeds from the extremities of the body to the core.
During the growth spurt females typically gain almost 40 pounds.
Late-maturing girls and early-maturing boys have the most difficult time adjusting to puberty.
(In person) Adolescents' attitudes towards menstruation and first ejaculation have changed in recent years, and most young people no longer face these events with anxiety, embarrassment, or guilt.
(research report) Most adolescents are satisfied with their physical appearance.
The typical adolescent needs about 50 % more calcium, iron, and zinc during the growth spurt than during earlier periods.
In most cased of sexual abuse, overt force is used.
The early use of drugs such as marijuana makes later drug abuse and addiction more likely, but this outcome is not inevitable.

Chapter 15

Adolescents are able to speculate, hypothesize, and fantasize much more readily than children, who are still tied to concrete operational thinking.
Everyone eventually reached Piaget's most advanced stage of cognitive development.
Unlike younger children, adolescents typically are not egocentric in their thought patterns.
Adolescents often create imaginary audience as they mentally picture how others will react to their behavior and physical appearance.
Girls and minority students tend to perform best is competitive educational settings.
(Changing Policy) Children in Japan and most European countries rarely work after school.
(Changing policy) Most American parents disapprove of after-school employment for teenagers.
The rates of unwanted pregnancy and STD are much higher among adolescents than adults.
The main reason teenagers have such a high rate of unwanted pregnancies is that they are uniformed about sex
The most effective approach to sex education is to provide teens with biological information.

Chapter 16

It's not unusual for the process of identity formation to take 10 years or more.
(In person) For members of minority ethnic groups, identity achievement may be particularly complicated.
Generally speaking, the size of the generation gap has been grossly overestimated.
Adolescents who mature late generally are the first to be attracted to members of the other sex.
During adolescents, peers have a stronger influence than parents do on a young person's development.
Thinking about committing suicide is actually quite rare among high school students.
(A Life-Span View) Suicide usually is a response to a specific and immediate psychological blow.
Arrests are more likely to occur during adolescence and young adulthood than in any other period of life.
(Changing Policy) Those who become career criminals show recognizable warning signs long before adulthood.
The victims of adolescent crime tend to be the elderly.

Answers chapter 8

1. T p 219

2. T p 220

3. T p 223

4. T p 227

5. F p 227

6. T p 231

7. T p 231

8. F p 235