1. The scientific study of human development is the study of how and why people change as they grow older, as well as how and why they remain the same.
2. Understanding development at any age requires a consideration of the interplay of biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial domains of development.
3. The concept of childhood as we now know it is fairly recent construct
4. Children are more likely to be valued as an economic asset in developing, agricultural communities than they are in the U.S.
5. (A Life-Span View) The poorest age group in the US is people aged 65 and older
6. People of many ethnic groups share one culture
7. Most developmental psychologists prefer not to use the scientific method in studying human development
8. For the most accurate results, scientific observation should be preformed in a laboratory
9. When two variables are positively correlated, it means that one causes the other
10. A controlled experiment is always the best way to investigate a developmental issue

1. Developmental theories generally have few practical applications
2. Proponents of learning theory believe that all behavior arises directly from operate or classical conditioning
3. Piaget believed that how people think and how they understand the world depends on their age
4. Many psychoanalytic ideas are widely accepted today
5. (Changing Policy) Most psychologist agree that the nature-nurture controversy has been laid to rest
6. Developmental psychologists are increasingly aware of universal processes of development that are found in all cultures
7. The newest theory of development stresses the ongoing interaction between genes and environmental forces
8. Few developmental psychologist today believe that humans have instincts or abilities that arise from our species’ biological heritage
9. All developmental theories attempt to explain the broad spectrum of human development
10. Most developmentalist incorporate ideas from several theories into their thinking.

1. No two cells of the human body contain exactly the same genetic instructions.
2. The genetic contribution of the father’s sperm determines whether a fertilized egg develops into a male or female
3. It is impossible for a parent to have a child whose appearance or behavior is completely different from their own
4. Not all individuals are born genetically unique
5. If identical twine are more similar on a particular trait that are fraternal twins, this proves the trait inherited
6. Genes are never the exclusive determinate of any psychological characteristics, including intellectual abilities, personality traits, and psychopathology
7. (A Life-Span View) Alcoholism develops primarily in people from lower SES.
8. Middle-aged couples are less likely then younger couples to produce a child with a chromosomal abnormality
9. Everyone carries several genes that could produce serious diseases or handicaps in their offspring
10. Most of the know genetic disorders are transmitted through recessive genes.

Chapter 4

1. Electrical activity in the developing organism’s brain does not reveal distinct sleeping and waking patterns
2. (In person) Newborns remember voices heard in the womb
3. When drugs such as marijuana and alcohol are taken together, a higher dosage of each is required before either becomes harmful
4. Fortunately, fetuses whose mothers carry the virus of AIDS develop a natural immunity and thus are at lower risk of contracting AIDS from their mothers
5. Even moderate drinking (1/2 ounce or more per day) by a pregnant woman may be harmful to the developing organism
6. Officially, a baby’s "due date’ is established 266 days after conception
7. C-Sections account for less than 10 % of all births in the US
8. Today, most US births occur at home
9. Preterm babies tend to be more distractible then full-term babies
10. In both humans and other animals, there is a critical period of the formulation of the parent-newborn bond.

1. During the first year of life, most infants triple their body weight
2. Proportionally, all parts of the body grow at about the same rate during the first two years
3. At birth, the nervous system contains only a fraction of the neurons the developing person need
4. Al healthy infants develop the same motor skills in the same sequence
5. Age norms for the development of motor skills, such as sitting up and walking, vary from group to group and place to place
6. At birth, newborns cannot focus well on objects at any distance
7. At birth, infants vision is better developed than their hearing
8. About 7 % of the world’s children are severely protein-calorie malnourished in their early years
9. The primary causes of malnutrition in the developing countries is early cessation of breast-feeding
10. Undernutrition during infancy always leads to permanent damage to the underdeveloped brain.

1. Most developmentalists consider perception to be an automatic process that everyone experiences the same way
2. Only infants aged 9 months or older notice the difference between a solid surface and an apparent cliff
3. If a 5-month-old drops a rattle out of the crib, the baby will not look down to search for it
4. Infants younger than 6 months can categorize objects according to their angularity, shape, and destiny
5. Infant’s long-term memory is actually very good
6. Adults are generally unable to remember events that occurred before they were about 2 year of age
7. Children the world over follow the same sequence in early language development
8. Deaf babies begin to make babbling sounds several months later than hearing infants do
9. When they first begin combining words, infants tend to put them in reverse order, as in "juice more"
10. Most developmentalist believe that they "baby talk" adults use when conversing with infants actually hinders language development.

1. Infants come into the world equipped with the basic social predisposition and skills that contribute to their development
2. Social referencing – searching the expressions of others for emotional cues – becomes very important as infants being crawling and walking
3. Infants use their father for emotional cues in uncertain situations as much as their mothers
4. In the traditional view of personality development, mothers and father share equally in shaping infant character
5. According to Freud, an adult who eats, drinks, chews, bites, or smokes excessively may have been weaned too early
6. The results of many controlled experiment support Freud’s theory of infant development
7. (Changing Policy) According to the leading developmental psychologist, high-quality day care, even during the infant’s first year, does not lead to negative developmental outcomes
8. (research Report) In part because of inborn temperamental characteristics, some children are more difficult to raise and harder to live with
9. Infants in different cultures manifest attachment to their primary caregivers in different ways
10. Attachment patterns established in infancy almost never change.

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