According to lecture, "permanently failing" organizations are evidence that:

1. The economic model of organizations may be wrong
2. The economic model of organizations may be right
3. The social model of organizations may be wrong
4. The social model of organizations may be right
5. Neither model is wrong, both are needed to understand organizations

Social contagion is best illustrated by:

1. Division of labor in Adam Smith's "pin factory"
2. Faculty members become department chairs even though it is a hateful job
3. Our ancestors hunting Mastodons in groups
4. "Poison pill" strategy use is predicted by relationships developed in corporate boards
5. Lobstermen self impose quotas to avoid over-harvesting of lobsters

According to lecture, which phase of group development is the "imprinting window"?

(A) Beginning

(B) Cohesion

(C) Growth

(D) Midpoint

(E) Storming

Suppose a captain says to his crew at a briefing: "When you hear 2 chimes, sit down immediately because we will be 500 feet from the ground" This is an example of:

1. Asking for help in specific domains
2. Clarifying the group’s boundaries
3. Giving the crew autonomy in the task
4. Highlighting rationale behind idiosyncratic norms
5. Not reinforcing the internal split within the team

According to lecture, the "groupthink" that contributed to the Challenger disaster is most likely developed at which stage of group development?

1. Affection
2. Facilitation
3. Inclusion
4. Growth
5. Launch

Which of these is NOT an indicator of a midpoint transition?

1. Calendar midpoint
2. External interaction
3. New strategies
4. Social cohesion
5. Urgency

According to the text, norms become most obvious when:

1. They are established
2. They are codified as organizational rules
3. They become well-established
4. They are violated
5. They have a clear rationale

The Desert Survival exercise illustrates that:

(A) Minimal groups are not "real" groups

(B) Groups make decisions faster than individuals

(C) Groups do not always make better decisions than individuals

(D) Individuals are more efficient in decision making than groups

(E) Process losses can be reduced only by reducing processes themselves

As group size increases, the group's process losses tend to:

1. Decrease at a marginally decreasing rate
2. Decrease at a marginally increasing rate
3. Increase at a marginally decreasing rate
4. Increase at a marginally increasing rate
5. Either increase or decrease, depending on the type of task

In lecture, it was suggested that the management-worker ratio increases as organizational size increases because:

1. Parliamentary procedures are difficult to manage
2. Process losses are higher in larger organizations
3. Actual Productivity declines after a certain point
4. Managers set evaluative standards to keep production up
5. Increased complexity leads to Garbage Can decision making

According to lecture, tacit knowledge is related to:

1. Formal logic
2. Intuition, feelings, and experience
3. Knowledge stated in written documents
4. Social etiquette
5. Widespread cultural norms

According to the text, the garbage can model of decision making posits that:

1. Decisions should be re-evaluated regularly and poor decisions thrown out
2. Decisions that are made in a sequential, orderly fashion often turn out to be useless
3. Ideas that initially appear useless can be useful, and vice versa
4. Some decisions are made in an irrational, disorderly fashion
5. Some organizations may be able to use ideas that other organizations throw out

According to lecture, which of the following is the most likely to kill creativity?

1. Complexity
2. Competence
3. Conflict
4. Fear
5. Uncertainty

According to the article "The trouble with teams", the most common problem with teams is:

1. Companies ignore the history of teamwork
2. Companies fail to recognize the value of teams
3. Companies form the wrong kind of team for the job at hand
4. Companies form teams before designing the task
5. Companies struggle with unions over the creation of teams

According to lecture, which of the following is true about mood states in groups?

(A) Groups with high mood convergence succumb to groupthink

(B) Mood convergence always lead to higher performance

(C) Group mood states can be accurately identified by observers

(D) Group mood states cannot be controlled

(E) Mood convergence is a stable, lasting state that endures throughout the group's life

According to lecture, mood convergence in a group is a function of:

1. Group design
2. Group interdependence
3. Group size
4. Group solidarity
5. Groupthink

According to lecture, what is the best way to manage the "authority balance beam"?

1. Exert authority in group design, but let the group coach itself
2. Exert authority only in the beginning of the group's life
3. Exert authority on some tasks and not others
4. Exert authority on the ends but not on the means
5. Exert authority only when dealing with least competent group members

According to lecture, research comparing fatigued and non-fatigued flight crews demonstrated that:

1. Fatigue makes groups more efficient but slower
2. Fatigued crews gain group competence by staying together over time
3. Fatigue does not affect group performance during crisis situations
4. Individuals actually perform better when fatigued

(E) Non-fatigued crews experience more process gains

When a team leader focuses on facilitation, he or she concentrates on:

1. Catering to individual growth needs of team members
2. Controlling the direction of the team
3. Designing the team
4. Freeing the team from obstacles
5. Setting and distributing rewards

According to the text , which of the following is NOT a way for reducing or managing stress?

(A) Assess stress in the organizational environment

(B) Build teams

(C) Clarify roles, goals or mission

(D) Increase extrinsic rewards

(E) Seek counseling

Which of the following is true about the Bristol Boys study?

1. Ethnocentrism was eliminated when group membership was random
2. People who exhibited ethnocentrism had lower self esteem than the control group
3. People preferred in-group members even under minimal group conditions
4. People maximized the number of points gained by their in-group
5. People felt that they received fewer points than they rightfully deserved

You noticed that students on campus were more likely to wear Michigan colors on Monday after the football team won a game. This is due to:

1. Motivation to enhance positive stereotypes of the winner
2. Positive mood contagion after a win
3. Self esteem is linked to the worth of one’s group
4. Negative stereotyping of the losing team
5. "Voicing" due to negative social identities

Stereotyping leads to perceptions that:

1. Differences between in-group and out-group are larger than they really are
2. Differences between in-group and out-group are smaller than they really are
3. The overlap between in-group’s and out-group's positions is larger than it really is
4. The in-group is more extreme than the out-group
5. The out-group is less extreme than the in-group

According to the article "An Intergroup Perspective in Individual Behavior", it is common for a social system under extreme pressure to respond by:

1. Dissolving, or engaging in self-destructive behavior at the group level
2. Encouraging members of the system to behave opportunistically
3. Forming into clusters of people that evolve into critical groups for the system
4. Increasing endorsement and visibility of the entire system
5. Maximizing the opportunities of members to exit from the system

According to the text, which statement is NOT true of conflict in organizations?

(A) Conflict can motivate and inspire

(B) Conflict can lead to distorted judgements

(C) Conflict can promote creativity and growth

(D) Conflict from outside of the group can increase cohesion

(E) Conflict helps groups to focus on superordinate goals

According to the text, which approach most likely leads to long lasting resolution of conflict?

(A) Attitudinal approaches

(B) Behavioral approaches

(C) Linguistic approaches

(D) Structural approaches

(E) Synergistic approaches

"Mere contact" between groups in conflict usually:

(A) Erodes the leadership within each group

(B) Facilitates identification of common ground

(C) Heightens intergroup hostility and conflict

(D) Increases communication between groups

(E) Reduces stereotyping and distorted perceptions

Kelman’s work with Israelis and Palestinians is centered around the idea that common ground can be best identified by:

(A) Focusing on both intragroup and intergroup effects of conflict

(B) Focusing on needs rather than positions

(C) Increasing contact between conflicting groups

(D) Shuttle diplomacy by a non-partisan third party

(E) Writing down how each group perceives themselves and one another

According to lecture, Gorbachev’s unilateral action is effective because:

(A) Gorbachev has a lot of credibility within Russia

(B) Gorbachev has no credibility within the U.S.

(C) Gorbachev has more power than Reagan does

(D) Gorbachev is more power hungry than Reagan is

(E) Gorbachev is indifferent towards the outcome

Compared to individuals from relational cultures, individuals from task cultures are:

(A) Less likely to do a personal favor for a colleague

(B) Less likely to emphasize objective task qualifications in distributing rewards

(C) Less likely to rely on formal legal contracts to define business relationships

(D) More likely to view their work colleagues as close friends

(E) More likely to spend time in social chit-chat in business meetings

A heterogeneous culture is one that:

(A) Has fuzzy boundaries

(B) Has many different subcultures

(C) Is more tolerant of newcomers

(D) Is not well-defined hierarchically

(E) Thrives on disagreements and conflicts

According to lecture, what contributed to the initial failure of EuroDisney?

(A) Disney’s organizational culture did not emphasize family values

(B) Disney’s rides cannot be easily translated to French

(C) Europeans had different beliefs and assumptions than Americans

(D) Europeans were not as individualistic as Americans

(E) Socialization of European employees were mismanaged

According to lecture, one’s greatest source of power in distributive negotiation comes from:

(A) External stakeholders

(B) Financial security

3. Legitimacy
4. Third-parties
5. BATNA