Real-world problems

Observation (induction)

Using previous research
    - Reconciling conflicting findings
    - Limiting Conditions
    - Using existing theories (deduction)
 

Free-Format Self-Report

Projective Tests

Think-Aloud Protocol

These are subjective and must be coded before analysis
    - remember k (kappa)
 

Fixed-Format Self-Report

Scales

Main Problems:
    - Reactance
    - Acquiescent responding
 

Frequency Distributions

Table

Histogram

Frequency Curve
 

Central Tendency

Mean - most commonly used

Median - good when data is skewed

Mode - not used often

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