>> PARTY DIFFERENCES MASTER CODE
* indicates new or amended code in 2000
** indicates "other" codes
Responses that refer specifically to the candidates rather than parties
should be coded 910. However, if the candidates are referred to as
leaders or representatives of the parties, the response should be coded
with the appropriate code category.
BROAD PHILOSOPHY
Liberal Responses
001. More liberal, progressive--too far left
* 005. Pro-Supreme Court/judicial appointment of liberal/progressive judges
* 006. Anti-Supreme Court/judicial appointment of conservative/reactionary
judges
010. Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status
quo; more open to new ideas; new ways of doing things
020. Quick (rash) response to problems; tackle problems
quickly; impetuous; impulsive; too aggressive; take more
chances; not cautious enough
030. More extreme, radical (NFS)
040. Socialistic; for welfare state; for social welfare
programs; sensitive to social problems; leaves less to
(interferes more with) private enterprise
* 050. Depends (too much) on federal government (rather than state or local
government); (too) centralized, paternalism; want Washington to do
everything;Pro Big government.
* 060. Destroy personal initiative/individual responsibility/individual
dignity; recognize individual needs
government help; society has obligation to provide safety net
070. Future-oriented; plan ahead; look to the future
085. Freedom to do as one chooses; less interested in strict
control of social behavior; not interested in moral
standards
086. Not religious; against prayer in school
** 090. Other broad philosophy--liberal
Conservative Responses
100. More conservative/reactionary; too far right
105. Pro-Supreme Court/judicial appointment of conservative/reactionary
judges
106. Anti-Supreme Court/judicial appointment of liberal/progressive
judges
110. Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect)
status quo; traditionalists; resist new ways of doing things; rigid
120. Slow (cautious) response to problems; do-nothing; lets things go
130. Moderate; middle of road (NFS); less extreme
140. For free enterprise capitalism; against socialism (code
"help big business" under group references); unaware of
social problems; for development of private enterprise;
against expansion of government activities into areas of
private enterprise
* 150. For states' rights, local government; less interference
from Washington at local level; against powerful federal
government; Anti Big government
* 160. Initiative/responsibility/dignity of individual
protected; for self-reliance.
170. Not future-oriented; don't plan ahead; don't worry about the future
185. Definite moral standards/stands; concern for/control of
public morality; upholds/fosters family values
186. (Good) Christian; strong religious beliefs; for prayer in school
** 190. Other broad philosophy--conservative
BROAD PHILOSOPHY-DIRECTION NA
* 195. Pro-Party influence on appointments to Supreme Court/
judicial appointment (NA type)
* 196. Anti-Party influence on appointments to Supreme Court/
judicial appointment (NA type)
GROUP REFERENCES
Party Seen as Good for, Helping, Giving Special Advantage to:
200. Everybody; nobody; no catering to special interests,
"people" (the majority)
* 210. Working or little people; the common people, the working
class; "average man"
* 211. Needy; poor; disadvantaged; welfare recipients
212. People like me; people like us
220. Unions, "labor", labor leaders
230. Big business; industry, "business(men)", Wall Street
(except small businessman, code 240); agribusiness/large
farming businesses
231. Rich people; upper classes; wealthy (powerful) people
240. Small businessmen
250. Middle class people; white collar people
260. Farmers
270. Blacks
272. Hispanics/Chicanos/Latinos
273. Asians
** 280. Other racial and ethnic groups
281. The South, some portion of the south
282. The North, some portion of the north
283. White people, white people only
284. Minorities, minority groups (NA which)
285. Old people
286. The educated, intellectuals, students
287. Families
288. Religious conservatives; religious right
** 290. Other groups
* 291. Children
* 292. Women
299. Group differences codeable in 200 or 300 series--NA which
Party Seen as Bad for, Anti, Keeping in Check, Putting in Place
300. Divisive (sets class against class, caters to special
interests (NA what), plays group politics, not for all
the people; (Dems/Reps) only for themselves
* 310. Working or little people; the common people, the working
class; "average man"
* 311. Needy; poor; disadvantaged; welfare recipients
312. People like me; people like us
320. Unions, "labor", labor leaders
330. Big business; industry, "business(men)", Wall Street
(except small businessman, code 340); agribusiness/large
farming businesses
331. Rich people; upper classes; wealthy (powerful) people)
340. Small businessmen
350. Middle class people; white collar people
360. Farmers
370. Blacks
371. Racist, prejudiced, bigoted
372. Hispanics/Chicanos/Latinos
373. Asians
** 380. Other racial and ethnic groups; "minority groups" other
or not specified
381. The South, some portion of the south
382. The North, some portion of the north
383. White people, white people only
384. Minorities, minority groups (NA which)
385. Old people
386. The educated, intellectuals, students
387. Families
388. Religious conservatives; religious right
** 390. Other groups
* 391. Children
* 392. Women
DOMESTIC POLICY REFERENCES
Fiscal Policy--Easy Spending Responses
400. Spend more freely/high spenders (NFS)
401. Spend much relative to what is accomplished; wasteful,
not careful with spending
402. Spend much relative to money available; spend us deeper
in debt; deficit spending
403. Spend under special circumstances, such as hard times
* 404. Bring cheap money; more money circulating; lower inerest rates
** 405. Other easy spending response
406. Raise taxes--NFS; keep taxes high; seek to increase
government revenues
407. Increse income taxes; will not cut income taxes; rely on
increase in/high income tax to provide government revenues
Fiscal Policy--Cautious Spending Responses
500. Spend less freely; economy in government (NFS)
501. Spend little relative to what is accomplished; less
wasteful/more careful with government (taxpayers') money
502. Spend little relative to money available; reduce debt,
keep debt from getting higher, balanced budget
503. Spend little even when special circumstances might warrant
* 504. For sound money/tight money, deflation; higher interest rates
** 505. Other cautious spending response
506. Cut taxes--NFS; keep taxes low; seek to decrease government revenues
507. Cut income taxes; will not increase income taxes; rely
on taxes other than income tax to provide government revenue
591. General mention of taxes--neutral or NA direction
599. General mention of spending--neutral or NA direction
Association of Party with Good/Positive Domestic Situations
411. Responsible promised (NA what); restraint on promises,
realistic, doesn't promise too much
412. Don't have (too much) government control over the
economy; or lets business get more involved/handle
problems of poverty/unemployment, etc.
413. (Good) government control of the economy, business
415. Good for the nation's economy--general positive
reference
420. Prosperity in nation; good times for all, high national
production, avoidance of depression, high employment
431. Price inflation held in check; lower cost of living
435. Propose/enact fair taxes; believe everyone should be
taxed the same/that taxes should be even-handed
436. Give tax breaks to the poor/working/middle class people;
tax policies favor the lower/middle classes
440. Local personal good times economically; head of family
gets (keeps) better job (wages) when party is in power,
family better off economically under this party (no
direct government benefits like social security mentioned)
450. Honesty and integrity--characteristics of the party or
administration (local or national), other similar
characteristics of the party
451. One party has more experience, is better, smarter, more united
480. (Only) party has a philosophy/program/platform; stands for something
** 490. Other positive domestic associations
491. General mention of unemployment--neutral or NA direction
492. General mention of inflation--neutral or NA direction
493. General mention of economic policy/handling of the economy
499. A domestic issue difference is cited which could be
coded in the 400 or 500 series, but NA which
Association of Party with Bad/Negative Domestic Situations
511. Irresponsible promises (NA what); promises too much;
unrealistic, pie-in-the sky; can't fulfill promises
512. Have (too much) government control over the economy; or
does not let business get more involved/handle problems
of poverty/unemployment, etc.
513. (Poor) government control of the economy
515. Bad for the nation's economy, general negative reference
520. Hard times, depression in nation, much unemployment, low
(over) production
531. Create/does not control price inflation; high cost of
living in nation
535. Propose/enact unfair taxes; show favoritism/give tax
breaks to certain groups or types of people
536. Give tax breaks to the wealth/corporations; tax policies
favor the rich/powerful/upper classes
540. Local/personal hard times economically; head of family
gets laid off (poorer wages) when party is in power;
family worse off economically under this party
550. Dishonesty/corruption (nepotism, graft, patronage) of
party or administration (local or national); other
similar characteristics of the party; Watergate
551. One party has less experience/is worse/not as smart;
party is not (is less) unified
580. Party has no philosophy/programs/platform; doesn't stand
for anything
** 590. Other negative domestic association with party
Specific Domestic Policies Favored by Party
600. Minimum wage legislation; favors raising minimum wage,
or favors raising unemployment compensation
601. Social Security; government pension raises
* 602. Financing of campaigns; for campaign finance reform
* 607. Immigration policy; for allowing (more) immigrants in
* 610. Medical (health) insurance; medical card for aged;
socialized medicine; medicare; prescription drug plans
* 611. Affirmative action
612. Housing; aid to the homeless
620. Government control of utilities; more attention to
conservation; public works; mention of ecology,
environment
630. Federal aid to education/school-building; teachers' pay higher
631. Bussing; forced integration
632. Other federal control of education or schools response;
school choice plans
634. Gun control
640. Civil rights; insist more strongly on civil rights
641. Law and order--hard line (or NA line); wants a police
state; support death penalty (88)
642. Law and order--soft line; oppose death penalty (88)
643. Property rights; open housing
644. Policies which would divide country; have civil war; race war
650. Higher tariffs; less free trade
660. "Wet" legislation; anti-prohibition
670. General mention of social welfare; "give away programs"
671. Poverty program
672. Employment (job) training programs, Job Corps, etc.
680. Farm policy
681. Abortion
682. Women's rights; ERA
683. Legalization of marijuana; (more) lenient drug laws
684. Homosexual/gay rights
691. Democrats support Clinton (against impeachment),
although he lied/had affair; anti-Ken Starr
** 690. Other specific domestic policy favored
695. Domestic issues difference, but NA which
Specific Domestic Policies--Neutral or NA Direction
605. Minimum wage or unemployment compensation
606. Social Security; government pension
* 608. Financing of campaigns; campaign finance reform
* 609. Immigration policy
* 615. Medical (health) insurance; medical card for aged;
socialized medicine; medicare; prescription drug plans
617. Housing; aid to the homeless
625. Government control of utilities; conservation; public
works; ecology, environment
635. Federal aid to education; school choice plans
636. Bussing; forced integration
637. Other federal control of education or schools response
639. Gun control
645. Civil rights (legislation)
646. Law and order--hard line (or NA line); death penalty (88)
647. Law and order--soft line; death penalty (88)
648. Property rights; open housing
649. Policies which would divide country; have civil war; race war
* 651. Affirmative action
655. Higher tariffs; free trade
665. Prohibition; "dry"/"wet" legislation
675. General mention of social welfare; "give away programs"
676. Poverty program
677. Employment (job) training programs, Job Corps, etc.
685. Farm policy
686. Abortion
687. Women's rights; ERA
688. Legalization of marijuana; lenient drug laws
689. Homosexual/gay rights
Specific Domestic Policies Opposed by Party
700. Minimum wage or unemployment compensation; won't raise
minimum wage, won't improve unemployment compensation
701. Social Security; against raising benefits
* 702. Financing of campaigns; against campaign finance reform
* 707. Immigration policy; against letting (more) immigrants in
* 710. Medical (health) insurance; against medical card for
aged; against socialized medicine, medicare; prescription drug plans
* 711. Affirmative action
712. Housing; aid to the homeless
720. Government control of utilities; for private power; less
interested in conservation; public works; mention of
ecology, environment
730. Federal aid to education; against or drag feet on aid to education
731. Bussing; forced integration
732. Other federal control of education or schools response;
school choice plans
734. Gun control
740. Civil rights; against or drag feet on civil rights
legislation; leave it to states
741. Following a tough or hard line in maintenance of law and
order/prevention of crime, etc.; police state; imposing
the death penalty (88)
742. Following a soft line in maintenance of law and
order/prevention of crime, etc.; imposing the death penalty (88)
743. Property rights; open housing
744. Policies which would divide country; have civil war;
race war; want to unite the country
750. High tariffs; want free trade
760. Repeal; want prohibition; "dry"
770. General mention of social welfare; "give away programs"
771. Poverty program
772. Employment (job) training programs, Job Corps, etc.
780. Farm policy
781. Abortion
782. Women's rights; ERA
783. Legalization of marijuana; lenient drug laws
784. Homosexual/gay rights
791. Republicans are against Clinton (in impeachment) because
of lying/having affair; pro-Ken Starr
** 790. Other specific domestic policy opposed
FOREIGN POLICY
800. War; get us into war (faster); party associated with war; militarist
810. Peace; more likely to keep peace; party associated with peace
820. Internationalist; more for foreign aid, government
activities abroad; cooperate with allies, U.N.; "more
for foreign aid/trade"
825. Foreign aid/trade, NA direction
830. Isolationist; avoid foreign activities; cut foreign aid
(military or economic); "cut foreign aid/trade"
840. National security; for strong national defense
(spending); strong (firm) (too aggressive) posture
toward communism (Russia); too much defense spending
845. National defense--general, NA or neutral direction
850. Inadequate national security; fail to maintain (spend
for) defense; weak posture toward communism (Russia)
860. Specific trouble spots
870. Control of nuclear weapons
880. Strong foreign policy
881. Weak foreign policy
884. Space; space policy
** 890. Other foreign policy--other substantive foreign policy
mentions (direction of response usually indicated)
891. Mention of "foreign policy" difference but no substance
or direction given (e.g., usual response is "the two
parties or candidates differ on foreign policy, on how
they will handle foreign policy")
MISCELLANEOUS AND NO PARTY DIFFERENCES RESPONSES
900. Miscellaneous other party differences
901. (Only) one party is more successful than the others;
wins elections; is (is not) majority party, etc.
902. (Only) one party is less successful than the others;
doesn't win elections much; is the minority party
910. Personality/candidate only mentions--candidate is
dangerous, fanatic, aggressive, courageous, honest,
untrustworthy, impulsive, outspoken, firm, dishonest,
negative, lack of integrity, bad politician, etc. (but code 371
racist, prejudiced, bigoted)
920. Reference to probable inability to get things done, e.g., gain
congressional support
930. Leadership mentions--a good (bad) leader, is head of the party (R
must specifically mention the candidate as leader or head of the
party), or one party has better leadership than another
980. The parties are different; everything about them is different (NA
what the differences are)
991. There used to be differences, but not now
992. Indicate dissatisfaction with the lack of differences
993. Favorable to both parties, e.g., both parties are seeking to serve
the people
994. Indicates that individual candidates are more important than parties
anyhow
995. Unfavorable to both parties, e.g., both parties are just after money
996. On variation within parties
** 997. Other comments
998. DK (Code in 1st var only)
999. NA (Code in 1st var only)
000. No party differences ("No" or "DK" and no further comment);no