Note: For 1972-later variables providing collapsed codes, corresponding collapsed code is provided within headers below. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11. PARTY ONLY -- PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Johnson 2. Kennedy, John; JFK 3. Kennedy, Robert; RFK 4. Kennedy, Edward; "Ted" 5. Kennedy, NA which 6. Truman 7. Roosevelt; "FDR" 8. McGovern; good/bad choice for nominee 9. Carter; good/bad choice for nominee 10. Mondale; good/bad choice for nominee 11. McCarthy, Eugene 12. Humphrey 13. Muskie 14. Dukakis, Michael 15. Wallace 16. Jackson, Jesse 17. Clinton, Bill 18. Clinton, Hillary 19. Gore, Al 20. Lieberman, Joseph 21. Kerry, John 22. Edwards, John 23. Shriver; good/bad choice for nominee (1972,1974 ONLY) 24. Eagleton (1972,1974 ONLY) 25. Lindsay (1972,1974 ONLY) 26. Mitchell, John (1972,1974 ONLY) 27. Mitchell, Martha (1972,1974 ONLY) 28. Laird (1972,1974 ONLY) 31. Eisenhower; Ike 32. Nixon; good/bad choice for nominee 33. Agnew; good/bad choice for nominee (1972,1974 ONLY) 34. Rockefeller 35. Reagan 36. Ford; good/bad choice for nominee 37. Bush, Sr., George 38. Connally 39. Kissinger 40. McCarthy, Joseph 41. Buchanan, Pat 42. Dole, Robert; good/bad choice for nominee 43. Gingrich, Newt 44. Cheney, Dick 45. Bush, Jr. George W. 46. McCain, John 51. Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.) 52. Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 53. Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 54. Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 55. Reference to vice-presidential candidate 97. Other people within party reasons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12. PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101. Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 102. Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 111. Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party--good/nice people; patriotic; etc. 112. Negative, personal, affective terms applied to party--bad/lazy people; lack of patriotism; etc. 121. Can trust them; they keep their promises; you know where they stand 122. Can't trust them; they break their promises; you don't know where they stand 131. Party is well-organized, sticks together, is united; members are disciplined; votes party line; has disciplined members 132. Party is poorly-organized/really two parties/divided/ factionalized; members not disciplined; doesn't vote party line 133. Party is (more) representative/good cross-section of the country; encompasses a wider variety of views/people; is more at the center of the country's views 134. Party is less/not representative; bad/poor cross-section of the country; encompasses more restricted views; is less at the center of the country's views 135. Reference to participation of minority candidate(s); women candidate(s) 141. Reference to party's most recent National Convention; party's process/method of selecting presidential/vice-presidential candidates 151. Performance of local branch of party; how they've done in this state/county/town 161. Reference to the predominant faction that R sees as being in control of the party (NA which faction); "I don't like the people running it" 162. Reference to Northerners/Liberals (as in control) of Democratic Party 163. Reference to Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of Democratic Party 164. Reference to Easterners/Liberals/Moderates (as in control) of Republican Party 165. Reference to Midwesterners/Westerners/Southerners/ Conservatives (as in control) of Republican Party; "(Party) Old Boy Network" (as in control of Republican Party) 166. Reference to Christian Coalition/Religious Right (as in control) of Republican Party 167. Can't win; doesn't have a chance 168. Can win; party can't be beat 169. Too big a party; there are too many of them; party is too powerful 170. Too small a party; there are not enough of them; party is too weak 171. Listens (more) to people; takes (more) into consideration the needs and wants of people; understands (better) the people/the majority of the people 172. Doesn't listen to/understand the needs and wants of the people/the majority of the people 173. Campaign tactics, uses too much money in campaigns, slings mud 174. Party been in office too long/long enough (but use 0430 for candidate been in office too long); party controlled Congress/held the White House too long/long enough; we need a change (of party) 191. Doesn't recognize need to reform some of its stands/initiatives that haven't worked/won't work 197. Other party-characteristic reasons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21. CANDIDATE ONLY -- EXPERIENCE, ABILITY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 201. General reference to him as "a good/bad man or a good/bad guy"; R has heard good/bad things about him; qualifications; general ability; reference to his "personality" ("job being done" is in code 0609) 203. Not qualified for the office; the job is too big for him to handle 211. Experienced (NA what kind) (see 0217, 0218, 0220 for specific kinds of experience; if in foreign policy see 1100's) 212. Inexperienced 213. Dependable/Trustworthy/Reliable; a man you can trust with the responsibilities of government ("trust" in the capability sense, rather than the honesty sense) 214. Undependable/Untrustworthy/Unreliable; a man you can't trust with the responsibilities of government 215. A military man; a good military/war record; served in Viet Nam: decorated veteran 216. Not a military man; bad military/war record; no military/war record (but see 0719); dodged the draft; joined the National Guard; questions his service in Viet Nam 217. His record in public service; how well he's performed in previous offices; voting record in Congress; he has done a good/poor job; Ford's vetos; he's done a good job so far (if incumbent), he has brought us through hard times 218. Has government experience/political experience/seniority/ incumbency (also see code 0722) 219. Lacks government experience/political experience 220. A statesman; has experience in foreign affairs; has diplomatic experience 221. Not a statesman; lacks experience in foreign affairs; lacks diplomatic experience 222. "He has done a good/fair job so far"; he has brought us through hard times"; has gotten things done; has some good ideas; trying to do right things 223. Hasn't done anything; hasn't produced any results (general); has not been able to get programs off the ground 224. Has fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises 225. Has not fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises 226. He did better than expected/a good job in the TV debates, won debate (1976 ONLY) 227. Did not do as well as expected/did not do good job in debates, lost debate (1976 ONLY) 297. Other candidate experience/ability reasons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22. CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 301. Dignified/has dignity 302. Undignified/lacks dignity 303. Strong/decisive/self-confident/aggressive; will end all this indecision; has guts; courage; 'sticks to his guns' [2004] 304. Weak/indecisive/lacks self-confidence/vacillating; "waffles"; "wishy-washy"; flip flop(s); hazy; vague on issues 305. Inspiring; a man you can follow; "a leader"; charisma 306. Uninspiring; not a man you can follow; not a leader; lacks charisma 307. People have confidence in him 308. People don't have confidence in him 309. Good at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem" groups 310. Bad at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem" groups (if communicate in general, see 0441, 0442) 311. Knows how to handle people (at personal level) 312. Doesn't know how to handle people (at personal level) 313. A politician/political person; (too) much in politics; a good politician; part of Washington crowd; politically motivated; just wants to be re-elected 314. Not a politician; not in politics; above politics; a bad politician; not part of Washington crowd 315. Independent; no one runs him; his own boss 316. Not independent; run by others; not his own man/boss 317. Humble; knows his limitations; doesn't pretend to know all the answers 318. Not humble enough; too cocky/self-confident; can't admit shortcomings; blames others for his/her mistakes 319. (Too) Careful/Cautious/Good judgment 320. (Too) Impulsive/Careless/Bad/Poor judgment 321. Helps people in the district on a personal level; has helped R personally with a problem (specific mention); tries to do things for the people 322. Doesn't help people in the district on a personal level; was not helpful to R with a personal problem (specific mention) 323. Represents (well) the views of the district; close to (the) people in the district; comes home regularly to chat and mix with people 324. Does not represent (well) the views of the district; not close to the people in the district; doesn't interact enough with the people 325. Keeps people well informed about governmental matters; communicates with constituents; any mention of R receiving newsletters or communications from him/her; explains matters well so people can understand 326. Does not inform people enough about governmental matters; does not send enough newsletters or communications; doesn't explain matters well 327. Listens to the people/solicits public opinion; any mention of polls or questionnaires; is accessible to constituents (NFS) 328. Doesn't listen to the people/does not solicit public opinion; isn't accessible to constituents (NFS) 329. Has helped local (district) economy; brought money, projects, jobs to district 330. Has not helped local (district) economy; not brought money, projects, jobs to district 331. Candidate helps the district; watches out for the interests of the district or region in general 332. Candidate has not protected/watched out for the interests of the district (specific mentions) 334. Poor at explaining himself/his positions; doesn't answer questions clearly; speaks off the top of his head/doesn't stop to think before he speaks 334. Located after 0320 335. Located after 0306 335. Makes people feel good about America/being Americans; is patriotic/loves the country 336. Located after 0306 336. Has vision 337. Lacks vision 337. Located after 0306 397. Other candidate leadership reasons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23. CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 401. Honest/Sincere; keeps promises; man of integrity; means what he says; fair; not tricky; open and candid; straightforward; positive Playboy references (1976) 402. Dishonest/Insincere; breaks promises; no integrity; doesn't mean what he says; tricky; not open and candid; not straightforward 403. Man of high principles/ideals; high moral purpose; idealistic (if too idealistic, code 0416) ; morality 404. Lacks principles/ideals; not idealistic 405. Racist/Bigoted/Prejudiced 406. Not a racist/bigoted/prejudiced 407. Public servant; man of duty; conscientious; hard-working; would be a full-time President; good attendance record in Congress; dedicated; really/genuinely interested in serving people 408. Doesn't take public service seriously; lazy; would be a part-time President; poor attendance record in office; not dedicated; not really interested in serving people 409. Doesn't use office for personal benefit; not in office to maximize personal benefit 410. Uses/in office (mostly) for personal benefits (junket trips, big salary, other perks) 411. Patriotic; (88) like Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue; (Pro) Kerry statements/actions about the Viet Nam War. (The R says that Kerry was right, showed bravery, in statements/actions after he came home from the war.) 412. Unpatriotic; (88) dislike Dukakis stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue; (Anti) Kerry statements/actions about Viet Nam after he came back from war. (The R says Kerry was wrong, defamed America, was unpatriotic in statements/actions after he came home from 413. Understands the nation's/district's problems; well-informed; studies up on issues 414. Doesn't understand the nation's/district's problems; poorly informed; doesn't study up on issues 415. Realistic; pragmatic/practical/down-to-earth/not too idealistic 416. Unrealistic; too idealistic; (if "idealistic" in positive sense, code 0403) 417. Uses common sense; makes a lot of sense; pragmatic/ practical/down-to-earth; not too idealistic 418. Not sensible; impractical 419. (Too) well educated; scholarly 420. Poorly educated; unschooled 421. Intelligent/Smart 422. Unintelligent/Stupid/Dumb 423. Religious; "moral" (in religious sense); God-fearing; "too" religious 424. "Irreligious"; "immoral" (in religious sense); Playboy interview (reflects on Carter--1976) 425. Self-made; not well off; started out as poor (boy); worked his way up; (started out) unpolished/unrefined/rough 426. Wealthy; rich; born with silver spoon in mouth; polished/ refined/well-mannered; buy way into office; use of own money to finance campaign 427. Old hat; has run before; a die-hard; "a loser" (in the past) 428. Someone new; a fresh face 429. Don't change horses in midstream 430. Time for a change (see 0174 for party has been in office too long); incumbent has been in office too long/long enough 431. Unsafe/Unstable; dictatorial; craves power; ruthless 432. Safe/Stable 433. Sense of humor; jokes a lot (too much) 434. No sense of humor; humorless (too serious) 435. Kind/Warm/Gentle; caring 436. Cold/Aloof 437. Likeable; gets along with people; friendly; outgoing; nice 438. Not/Un- likeable; can't get along with people 439. Democratic (in non-partisan sense) 440. Undemocratic (in non-partisan sense) 441. High-fallutin'/High-brow; talks in circles; can't talk to common man; can't communicate ideas well 442. Not high-fallutin'/is low-brow; talks straight; can talk to common man; can communicate ideas well 443. Well-known; "I know him/her" 444. Unknown; not well known 445. Reference to his family; (not 0457); (including Billygate) 446. Reference to his wife/spouse 447. Speaking ability 448. Health 449. Appearance/Looks/Face/Appearance on TV; his smile 450. Age (NA how perceived) 451. (Too) Old 452. (Too) Young 453. Mature 454. Immature 455. Regional reference; "he's a Southerner"; "he's a Midwesterner"; he comes from the country/a rural area; area reference 456. Previous occupation; 'Carter's a farmer' 457. He's a family man; (not 0445) 458. Will not disclose personal financial records, tax returns, or things related to finances. 459. Energetic; too energetic 460. Not energetic 461. Gender, e.g., "She's a woman" 462. Racial/Ethnic attribute; "He is a black man" 463. Sexual orientation mentioned; "She is a lesbian" 464. Uninformed; doesn't (seem to) know anything about the issues/what is going on in the country/government (for being "informed", see code 0413) 464. Located after 0422 465. Taking undeserved credit; taking credit for action, events, or policies one is not responsible for; Gore claiming "to have invented the internet" 466. Overcoming adversity in one's personal life; overcoming handicaps, disabilities, disease, alcoholism, or other similar problem. 470. Male (1974 ONLY) 470. located after 0454 471. Female (1974 ONLY) 471. located after 0454 490. 'I like his character' (general) 491. 'I don't like his character' (general) 495. Other negative personal qualities 496. Other positive personal qualities 497. Other candidate personal qualities 498. References to Playboy interview--NA direction or neutral; "it's OK," "that is what the Bible says" (not 0401)--1976 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24. CANDIDATE ONLY -- PARTY CONNECTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500. A Democrat; good Democrat; typical Democrat 501. A Republican; good Republican; typical Republican 502. Controlled by party regulars/bosses/machine 503. Not controlled by party regulars/bosses 504. Reference to men around him/staff/followers 505. Reference to his speeches (exc. 0447), campaign tactics; mud- slinging; (88) dislike Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue; all campaign mentions 506. Can win; best choice for party victory 507. Cannot win; not good choice for party victory 508. Reference to linkage with other party figures (he's close to the Kennedy's; he was close to Eisenhower; etc.) 509. Would continue/keep/follow Democratic policies (unspecified) 510. Would change/get rid of " " 511. Would continue/keep/follow Democratic domestic policies (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's) 512. Would change/get rid of " " " 513. Would continue/keep/follow Democratic foreign policies (unspecified, not codeable in [(1972,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2004:) 1100's / (1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984:) 1000s]) 514. Would change/get rid of " " " 515. Would continue/keep/follow Republican policies (unspecified) 516. Would change/get rid of " " 517. Would continue/keep/follow Republican domestic policies (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's) 518. Would change/get rid of " " " 519. Would continue/keep/follow Republican foreign policies (unspecified, not codeable in [(1972,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2004:) 1100's / (1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984:) 1000s]) 520. Would change/get rid of " " " 531. More liberal than most Democrats; a Northern Democrat 532. More conservative " " ; a Southern Democrat 533. More liberal than most Republicans; an Eastern Republican 534. More conservative " " ; a Midwestern/Western/ Southern Republican 535. Will bring in/listen to the (party) liberals 536. Will bring in/listen to the (party) conservatives 541. Reference to the Eagleton affair--1972; reference to physical or mental health of vice-presidential incumbent/ candidate; emotional stability/state of V-P incumbent/ candidate 542. Reference to vice-presidential incumbent/candidate, running mate; - NEC 543. Mondale's selection of a woman for vice-president (1984); reference to age/gender/race/(ethnicity/ethnic background) of V-P incumbent/ candidate 544. Mention of issues that V-P incumbent/candidate is identified with or has taken a leading role in promoting: 1992--Gore's position on environment 551. References to link with "Watergate"--positive reference to Watergate; positive (good) connection with Watergate 552. Not associated with "Watergate"--negative (bad) reference to Watergate; negative (bad) connection with Watergate; making too much out of Watergate 553. Ford's pardon of Nixon--NA direction or against pardon 554. " " " --pro; brave/right thing to do 555. Positive references about independent candidacy; maybe the country needs a third party; third parties should have more recognition; the two party system needs buckling 556. Negative references/liabilities related to independent candidacy; "He's an independent" (NFS); "We don't need a third party"; "He lacks backing from a party" 597. Other candidate party connection reasons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31. PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 601. Good/Efficient/Businesslike administration; balanced budget; lower/wouldn't increase national debt; cautious spending 602. Bad/Inefficient/Unbusinesslike administration; wasteful; "bureaucratic"; deficit budget; higher/increased national debt; overspend 603. Honest government; not corrupt; no "mess in Washington" 604. Dishonest/Corrupt government; "mess in Washington"; immorality in government; reference to Hayes, Mills, Lance; [1992] writing bad checks on the House of Representatives bank 605. (Would) Spend less (than other side); (would) spend too little 606. (Would) Spend more (than other side); (would) spend too much 607. Has brought/will bring about bureaucratic reform 608. Has not brought/will not bring about bureaucratic reform 609. General assessment of job he/they would do/are doing; is (would be) good/bad President; are providing/would provide good/bad administration 610. Reference to management/performance in Congress/Supreme Court/other government agency; made poor appointments; references to the quality of appointments made to public posts (courts, cabinet, commissions) 611. He has/has not worked well with (Democratic) Congress; would/could have done better with (Republican) Congress; he kept/would keep Congress in check 612. He will work well/better with (Democratic) Congress 613. Gets more done/accomplishes (as much/more) / more productive 614. Gets less done/doesn't accomplish as much/less productive 615. Sympathy/understanding expressed for the complexity/ magnitude of the job (e.g., President); tough job; rough job 616. Sympathy/understanding expressed for the difficult situation ("a mess") inherited by the incumbent 617. Will face (difficult) issues; faces problems directly; faces up to political reality 618. Will not face (difficult) issues; will not face problems directly; ignores political reality 619. Supports the president/works well with the president/would work well with the president 620. Does not support the president/does not (would not) work well with the president 621. Response to/handling of domestic crisis or natural disaster--riot, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, flood, etc. 622. Located after 0609 622. Doesn't work (hard) at job; not involved (enough) in the work of his office/delegates too much authority to others; has chosen poor/incompetent aides; his aides have not performed well 623. Located after 0616 623. Doing the best he can (under the circumstances); doing as good a job as anyone else could do; everyone makes some mistakes 624. Opposes term limitations for Congress 625. Mostly approve of/happy with job done so far, but doesn't approve of everything that has been done 625. Located after 0614 626. Favors term limits (for Congress) 627. The economy is bad, but that is not (necessarily) his fault 628. Contract with America that was proposed by Republicans; support/commitment/opposition to Contract with America 697. Other government management reasons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32. PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 801. General assessment of ideas/policies/stands (unspecified) 802. Different from other party/candidate 803. Same as other party/candidate; not different enough 804. (Too) negative; always tearing down other side; no solutions of his/their own 805. For government activity; believe government should take care of things; for big government/ wants government bigger; supports social programs/ spending (not 0905-0907); would spend more on domestic needs 806. Against government activity; believe government involved in too many things; favors reduction in social programs/ spending (not 0905-0907); against big government/ wants government smaller; wouldn't spend enough on domestic needs; spend enough/too much on 807. Humanistic; favor human beings over property rights 808. Not humanistic; favor property rights over human beings 809. Favor social change/reform/progress/improvement of social conditions 810. Against social change/reform/progress/improvement of social conditions 811. Socialistic 812. Anti-socialistic 813. Communistic/soft on Communism/apologist for Communists/dupe 814. (Too) anti-communistic/hard-liner on Communism 815. (Too/More) liberal (except 0531 or 0533); - radical 816. (Too/More) conservative (except 0532 or 0534); - reactionary 817. Moderate/middle of the road/for slow change; not an extremist/fanatic; against change 818. Extremist/fanatic/too far out; not too moderate/not a fence-sitter; for change 819. Pro-Far Right/Birchers/reactionaries; encouraging fascist/ police state 820. Anti-Far Right/ " " ; discouraging " 821. Pro-Far Left/radicals/Yippies/SDS; encouraging anarchy/ guerilla state 822. Anti-Far Left/ " " " ; discouraging " 823. Pro-Extremists (NA direction)/nuts/bomb-throwers 824. Anti-Extremists " " " 827. Pro-States'/local/community rights; better local government; more power in states' hands 828. Anti- " " " " ; worse/weaker local government; less power in states' hands 829. For equality; believe everyone should have things equally/ be treated equally 830. Anti-equality; believe some people should have more than others/people should not be treated equally 831. Generous, compassionate, believe in helping others 832. Selfish, only help themselves 833. Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo; more open to new ideas/ways of doing things; flexible, innovative 834. Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo; resist new ways of doing things; rigid 835. Has a well-defined set of beliefs/definite philosophy; does not compromise on principles; has (clear) understanding of goals he/they stand for 836. Has poorly defined set of beliefs; lacks a definite philosophy; compromise on principles; has no (clear) understanding (of goals he/they stands for) 837. Favor work ethic; believes in self-reliance/in people working hard to get ahead 838. Doesn't favor work ethic; believes in people being handed things/in government handouts (if specific policy mentioned, code in 0900's) ; doesn't believe in teaching people to be independent 841. Keep track of/control over administration heads, cabinet members, etc.; follow through on policies; determine if programs are working 842. Don't (as in 0841) 843. Conditional evaluation: R suggests candidate/party cannot solve problems because not under his/their control (no negative connotations); will he/they be able to do what they say (determining factor outside his/their control); "I like what he says but wond 845. Will involve/wants to involve people/Congress/Cabinet/ advisors/other government officials in government/ decision making 846. Will not involve people/Congress/Cabinet/advisors/other government officials in government/decision making 847. Separation of church and state/religion and politics--pro 848. Separation of church and state/religion and politics--anti 849. Stand/views on religion (church/state relationship NA) 870. General - emphasizes domestic concerns/issues; doesn't emphasize nondomestic/foreign policy concerns 871. General - doesn't emphasize domestic concerns/issues; emphasizes nondomestic/foreign policy concerns 897. Other Government Activity/Philosophy reasons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33. PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- DOMESTIC POLICIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 900. General assessment of domestic ideas/policies/stands (unspecified exc. 870,871) 901. General assessment of economic policy (unspecified) 902. Government economic controls--NA direction 903. " " " --Pro; we need planned economy; control of private enterprise 904. " " " --Anti; we have too much interference in private enterprise 905. Welfare/Poverty problems--NA direction; give-aways 906. " " " --Pro government aid/activity; pro give-aways 907. " " " --Anti government aid/activity; anti give-aways; pro self-help 908. Social Security/Pensions--NA direction 909. " " " --Pro expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits 910. " " " --Anti expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 911. Unemployment compensation--NA direction 912. " " --Pro expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits 913. " " --Anti expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 914. Aid to education--NA direction 915. " " --Pro 916. " " --Anti 917. Aid to parochial schools--NA direction 918. " " " --Pro 919. " " " --Anti 920. Housing--NA direction 921. " --Pro more public housing 922. " --Anti more public housing 923. Aid/Programs for older people/the aged, Medicare, Medicaid, prescription drug plan, direction -- NA 924. " " " -- Pro 925. " " " -- Anti 926. Monetary policy--NA direction 927. " " --Pro loose(r) money; more availability of loans for housing, cars, etc.; lower interest rates 928. " " --Anti loose(r) money; for tighter money; less availability of loans; higher interest rates 929. Tax policy--NA direction 930. " " --Pro lower taxes 931. " " --Anti lower taxes; for higher taxes 932. " " --Pro reform/fairer system/end of loopholes/ write-offs/dodges 933. " " --Anti reform/fairer system/end of loopholes/ write-offs/dodges 934. "The Times"/General conditions/Prosperity/The Economy --better under him/them 935. " " --worse under him/them 936. Inflation/Cost of living--lower/better under him/them 937. " " " --higher/worse under him/them 938. Wages/Salaries/Income/Employment--higher/better under him/them 939. " " " " --lower/worse under him/them 940. Prices for producers--higher/better under him/them; (if farm, see 0943-0945) 941. " " --lower/worse (if farm, see 0943-0945) 942. Located after 0933 942. [1990] Candidate voted for the budget agreement which resulted in increased taxes/fees 943. Programs to help farmers -- NA direction; Price supports for farmers - NA direction 944. " " " ; Price supports for farmers --Pro (greater) help/fairer system, reform in system; higher price supports; higher levels 945. " " " ; Price supports for farmers --Anti (greater) help/fairer system, reform in system; higher price supports; higher levels and/or change in system 946. Civil rights/Racial justice/Integration/Desegregation/ Voting Rights - - NA direction 947. " " -- Pro 948. " " -- Anti 949. Civil liberties/Freedom of expression/First amendment/ Privacy -- NA direction 950. " -- Pro; against snooping; political trials, etc; (88) like Dukakis' stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 951. " -- Anti; for snooping; political trials; McCarthyite; (88) dislike Republican party stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 952. General assessment of Labor policy (unspecified); (Pro labor code 1207, anti labor code 1208) 953. Right to work laws--NA direction 954. " " " --Pro (i.e., opposes unions [anti-labor, code 1208]) 955. " " " --Anti (i.e., supports unions [pro-labor, code 1207]) 956. Strikes--NA direction 957. " --will have fewer/will handle better 958. " --will have more/will handle worse 959. Public power/Utilities/TVA/Atomic reactors/Nuclear power plants/Etc. -- NA direction 960. " " " -- Pro 961. " " " -- Anti 962. Ecology/Environment; Air and Water Pollution--NA direction 963. Will crack down on polluters, will be activist; will protect the environment; ecology/air and water pollution 964. Won't crack down on polluters, doesn't care; in league with polluters; not willing to protect the environment; ecology/air and water pollution 965. Veterans' Benefits--NA direction 966. " " --Pro expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits 967. " " --Anti expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 968. Law and order--NA direction 969. " " --soft line--unspecified 970. " " " " --blacks 971. " " " " --campus demonstrators 972. " " " " --criminals/organized crime/ hoodlums/street crime 973. " " " " --anti power of police; court interference 974. " " --hard line--unspecified 975. " " " " --blacks 976. " " " " --campus demonstrators 977. " " " " --criminals/organized crime/ hoodlums/street crime 978. " " " " --pro power of police; reduced court interference 979. Public morality--NA direction 980. " " --Strict/older/traditionalistic outlook; improve/renew morality of country; pro-family; defends family values 981. " " --Permissive/newer/modernistic outlook; not (strongly enough) pro-family; doesn't defend (strongly enough) family values 982. Drugs--NA direction 983. " --Pro legalization/decriminalization; soft-liner; (88) doesn't support (strongly enough) the war on drugs; not willing to do more to combat drug use/pushers; involvement with Noreiga 984. " --Anti legalization/decriminalization; hard-liner; (88) supports the war on drugs; willing to do more to combat drug use/pushers 985. Abortion and birth control--NA direction 986. " " " --Pro reform/legalization; new outlook 987. " " " --Anti reform/legalization; traditional outlook 988. Gun control--NA direction 989. " " --Pro; controls 990. " " --Anti; "everyone has the right to own a gun" 991. Busing--NA direction 992. " --Pro; against neighborhood school 993. " --Anti; for neighborhood school 994. Urban problem/Cities--NA direction 995. " " " --Pro government aid/activity 996. " " " --Anti government aid/activity 997. Other domestic policy reasons 998. located after 0941 998. General assessment of farm policy (unspecified) (1972-1984 ONLY) 1001. National Health Insurance--NA direction 1002. " " " --Pro 1003. " " " --Anti 1004. Energy/Gas shortage--Development of alternative energy source, NA direction 1005. " " " --Pro development of alternative source, better/handled better; more fuel 1006. " " " --Anti development of alternative energy source, worse/handled worse; less fuel; (references to nuclear energy should be coded in 0959) 1007. Government plans to make more jobs--NA direction; make-work programs; CETA; WPA; CCA 1008. " " " " --Pro 1009. " " " " --Anti 1010. Confidence/Trust in government--NA direction 1011. " " " --would handle better; restore confidence 1012. " " " --would handle worse; cause loss of confidence 1013. ERA; Women's rights--NA direction 1014. " " " --Pro 1015. " " " --Anti 1016. Influx of political/economic/past refugees (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.); include "the little Cuban boy"- Elian Gonzalez --NA direction 1017. " " " --Pro 1018. " " " --Anti 1019. School prayer--NA direction 1020. " " --Pro 1021. " " --Anti 1022. Gay rights; Gay marriages--NA direction 1023. " " --Pro 1024. " " --Anti 1025. Health--NA direction; medical reform (do not use 1001 unless specific reference to National Health Insurance); [1994] (Clinton's) National health care plan/program 1026. Health--Pro government programs/aid for mentally ill, disabled, handicapped, AIDS; [1994] (Clinton's) National health care plan/program 1027. " --Anti " " " " " (except 0923, 0924, 0925); [1994] (Clinton's) National health care plan/program 1028. Space program--NA direction 1029. " " --Pro 1030. " " --Anti 1031. Help to/improvement in a specific industry or occupation; Tort reform --NA direction 1032. Help to/improvement in a specific industry or occupation; Tort reform -- Pro help/improvement 1033. Help to/improvement in a specific industry or occupation; Tort reform -- Anti help/improvement 1035. Polarization of classes/increasing gap between rich and poor--NA direction 1036. " " " " " --will stop trend/handle better 1037. " " " " " --will accelerate trend/handle worse 1038. Day care--NA direction 1039. " " --favors/will expand or extend day care programs 1040. " " --opposes/will not expand or extend (will cut or eliminate) day care programs 1041. " " " " --opposes death penalty 1041. Located after 0973 1042. " " " " --favors death penalty 1042. Located after 0978 1043. Affirmative Action programs -- NA direction 1043. Located after 0948 1044. " " " -- Pro; favors quotas based on race or gender 1044. Located after 0948 1045. Located after 0948 1045. " " " -- Anti; opposes quotas based on race or gender 1046. Located after 0928 1046. Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. [1990] Involvement in the Savings and Loan scandals; keeping an eye on corporate fraud. 1047. Located after 0919 1047. Establish/enforce standards for schools (test teachers, require minimum curricula, regulate class size, etc) -- NA direction 1048. " " " -- Pro 1048. Located after 0919 1049. " " " --Anti 1049. Located after 0919 1050. Local/state issue mentioned--NA direction 1051. " " " --pro 1052. " " " --anti 1053. How candidate feels about/votes on Clinton impeachment--NA direction 1054. " " " --pro 1055. " " " --anti 1056. Financing of elections; campaign finance reform-NA dir 1057. " " " " -Pro 1058. " " " " -Anti 1059. School vouchers--NA direction 1060. " " --Pro; school choice plans - Pro 1061. " " --Anti; school choice plans - Anti 1062. "drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge" -- NA Direction 1063. "drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge" -- Pro Direction 1064. "drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge" -- Anti Direction 1065. Stem cell research - NA direction 1066. Stem cell research - Pro 1067. Stem cell research - Anti (or limitations upon) 1068. Scientific research/Biologic research/Cloning research -- NA direction 1069. Scientific research/Biologic research/Cloning research -- Pro 1070. Scientific research/Biologic research/Cloning research -- Anti 1080. Value of the dollar relative to gold/other currencies; any mentions of gold/currencies (1992,1994, 1996 ONLY) 1080. located after 0928 1081. located after 0933 1081. Line item veto -- Pro (1992,1994, 1996 ONLY) 1082. located after 0933 1082. Line item veto -- Anti (1992,1994, 1996 ONLY) 1083. located after 0961 1083. Regulation of companies engaged in public communication or transportation -- Pro (1992,1994, 1996 ONLY) 1084. located after 0961 1084. Regulation of companies engaged in public communication or transportation -- Anti (1992,1994, 1996 ONLY) 1085. located after 1033 1085. Spending on infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.) -- Pro (1992,1994,1996 ONLY) 1086. located after 1033 1086. Spending on infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.) -- Anti (1992, 1994, 1996 ONLY) 1087. located after 1040 1087. Family/maternity leave laws - Pro (1992,1994,1996 ONLY) 1088. located after 1040 1088. Family/maternity leave laws - Anti (1992,1994,1996 ONLY) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34. PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- FOREIGN POLICIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1101. General assessment of foreign ideas/policies/stands (unspecified) 1102. Foreign policies more clear-cut/decisive; less bungling 1103. Foreign policies less clear-cut/decisive; more bungling 1104. Internationalist/Interested in other countries' problems/Interested in world role/Pro-UN and allies; Meddling in other people's problems, care more about world opinion; would consult/act with allies. 1105. Isolationist/America First/Fortress America/Would meddle less in other people's problems; care less about world opinion, unilateral action. 1106. Strong military position/Preparedness/Weapons systems/Pentagon spending/Overkill; SDI ("Star Wars") 1107. Weak military position/Pentagon spending cutbacks/No overkill/Reduce armed forces; SDI ("Star Wars") 1108. Cold-war oriented; opposed detente; international Communist- fighter 1109. Against cold war/Wants thaw/Detente/Understanding with international communists (if NA whether international, code (9N) in 0813-0814) 1110. Military aid to allies--NA direction 1111. " " " --Pro 1112. " " " --Anti 1113. Economic aid/Foreign aid/AID/Non-military aid--NA dir. 1114. " " " " " " " --Pro 1115. " " " " " " " --Anti 1116. Trouble spots (not specifically coded)--would handle better (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf, Iraq, war in Afghanistan) 1116. Located after 1163 1117. " " " 1117. " " " " " --would handle worse (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf, Iraq, war in Afghanistan) 1118. Mideast--NA direction; any references to oil embargo; boycott of companies dealing with Israel; [1992] references to involvement in Iraqgate/arming of Saddam Hussein 1119. " --handle better/more experience; positive comments about Arab-Israeli peace treaty 1120. " --handle worse/less experience; negative comments about Arab-Israeli peace treaty; [1992]Iraqgate 1121. " --Pro-Israel/anti-Arabs 1122. " --Anti-Israel/pro-Arabs; wishy-washy on Israel 1123. Red China--NA direction 1124. " " --handle better/more experience/doing well, better 1125. " " --handle worse/less experience/doing poorly 1126. " " --pro understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/recognition/admission to UN; defender of Formosa/Chiang/Nationalists 1127. " " --anti understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/recognition/admission to UN; defender of Formosa/Chiang/Nationalists 1128. Russia--NA direction 1129. " --handle better/more experience 1130. " --handle worse/less experience 1131. " --pro understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT II 1132. " --anti understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT II 1133. Eastern Europe--NA direction 1134. " " --handle better/more experience 1135. " " --handle worse/less experience 1136. " " --pro defense of Iron-Curtain countries 1137. " " --anti " " " 1138. Latin America--NA direction 1139. " " --handle better/more experience 1140. " " --handle worse/less experience 1141. " " --pro-third world posture; reach understanding with Castro/Chile/ neutrals; anti-colonialism/European powers; against Contra aid/pro- Sandinista 1142. " " --anti-third world posture; hard anti-communism/anti- revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European powers; pro Contra aid/anti-Sandinista 1143. Africa--NA direction 1144. " --handle better/more experience 1145. " --handle worse/less experience 1146. " --pro-third world posture; reach understanding with leftists/neutrals; anti-colonialism/European powers 1147. " --anti-third world posture; hard anti-communism/anti- revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European powers 1148. Asia/India--NA direction 1149. " " --handle better/more experience 1150. " " --handle worse/less experience 1151. " " --pro India/Bangladesh 1152. " " --pro Pakistan 1153. Located after 1163 1153. Would raise American prestige 1154. Would lower American prestige; not maintain American prestige; would de-emphasize/face-saving 1154. " " " 1155. Would have better chance for peace (unspecified); not get us into trouble abroad 1155. " " " 1156. " " " 1156. Would have poorer chance for peace (unspecified); get us into war/trouble abroad 1157. Vietnam/Indochina/Southeast Asia--NA direction 1158. " " " " --better chance for peace 1159. " " " " --poorer chance for peace; failed to end war 1160. " " " " --pro military victory/ preservation of Saigon regime 1161. " " " " --anti military victory/ willing to sacrifice Thieu/Ky; favoring withdrawal 1162. (88) The invasion of Grenada 1163. " " --will bring policy change (unspec.) 1164. Tariffs--NA direction 1165. " --Pro free trade/reduce tariffs; would not protect US labor from foreign competition; "not stop outsourcing of jobs" 1166. " --Anti free trade; for high tariffs; would protect US labor from foreign competition; "would stop outsourcing of jobs" 1167. Trade with communists--NA direction 1168. " " --Pro 1169. " " --Anti 1170. Draft--NA direction 1171. " --Pro volunteer army/abolition of peacetime draft 1172. " --Anti volunteer army; for peacetime draft 1173. " --Pro amnesty/pardon 1174. " --Anti amnesty/draft dodgers/pardon 1175. POW-MIA--Will get prisoners back, will not abandon them 1176. POW-MIA--Will not get prisoners back, will abandon them 1177. POW-MIA--NA direction 1178. Located after 1174 1178. Amnesty--NA direction 1179. Did a good job of getting the boys/country out of Vietnam war; got us out of Vietnam 1180. Should have won Vietnam war; gave too much away and then pulled out 1181. Secrecy/deception in U.S. foreign policy; shuttle diplomacy; Kissinger's foreign policy (1976) --NA direction 1182. " " " " --Pro 1183. " " " " --Anti 1184. Military/Defense position/spending--NA direction or neutral (not 1106, 1107) 1184. Located after 1105 1185. Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Pro 1186. Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Anti 1187. Iranian crisis; American hostages (1980)/Arms sale (1986) --NA direction 1188. " " " " --has handled well/would handle better 1189. " " " " --has handled poorly/would handle worse 1190. Nuclear freeze/Disarmament--NA direction 1191. " " " --Pro 1192. " " " --Anti 1193. Terrorism; dealings with terrorists; hostages (except 1187- 1189);(88) Bombing of Libya; "War on Terror"; Homeland security - - NA direction 1194. " " " ;(88) Bombing ofLibya/handling of Khadafy; "War on Terror; hunt down Al Qaeda and Osama bin Ladin"; strong Homeland security -- has handled/would handle better 1195. " " " ;(88) Bombing of Libya/ handling of Khadafy; "War on Terror; hunt down Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden"; weak Homeland Security -- has handled/would handle worse 1196. Located after 1166 1196. Foreign trade/balance of payments deficit--any mention 1197. Other foreign policy reasons 1198. Located after 1142 1198. (Involvement in) Diversion of money to the Contras (in violation of the law) 1199. Iran-Contra affair--NFS (NA whether 1187 or 1198) 1300. (91) The Persian Gulf war/ Desert Storm 1301. (99) War in the Balkans;US/NATO led air war against Serbia 1301. Located after 1162 1302. Security at the Dept of Energy; supposed Chinese spying for nuclear secrets; treatment of physicist Wen Ho Lee; mismanagement by Energy Secretary Bill Richardson-NA dir 1302. Located after 1195 1303. " -- has handled well/would handle better 1303. Located after 1195 1304. Located after 1195 1304. " -- has handled poorly/would handle worse 1305. Located after 1162 1305. War in/occupation of Iraq -- NA Direction 1306. War in/occupation of Iraq -- handle better 1306. Located after 1162 1307. Located after 1162 1307. War in/occupation of Iraq -- handle worse 1308. Western Europe - NA direction (1992,1994,1996 ONLY) 1308. Located after 1137 1309. Western Europe - handling relations with European Community/specific countries well (better) (1992,1994,1996 ONLY) 1309. Located after 1137 1310. Located after 1137 1310. Western Europe - handling relations with European Community/specific countries badly (worse) (1992,1994,1996 ONLY) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35. PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- GROUP CONNECTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1201. Special interests/Privileged people/Influential people --Pro 1202. " " " " --Anti 1203. "People like me"--pro, NA whether 1205, 1206 1204. " " " --anti, " " " " 1205. Common man/People/Little people/Working people--Pro 1206. " " " " --Anti 1207. Labor/Unions/Labor bosses/Racketeers--Pro 1208. " " " " --Anti 1209. Big Business/Corporate rich/The rich individuals/People with power/Wall Street/Industry/Upper classes--Pro 1210. (Same as 1209) --Anti 1211. Small businessman--Pro 1212. " " --Anti 1213. White collar workers/Salaried people/Middle class--Pro 1214. " " " " --Anti 1215. Farmers/Country people--Pro 1216. " " --Anti 1217. Blacks/Black people/African-Americans--Pro 1218. Blacks/Black people/African-Americans--Anti 1219. People on welfare/ADC mothers/"Chiselers"--Pro 1220. " " " " --Anti 1221. Old people/Senior citizens--Pro 1222. " " " --Anti 1223. Young people/Kids/"Freaks"/Hippies--Pro 1224. " " " " " --Anti 1225. Women/Feminists/Womens Liberationists, "sexists"--Pro 1226. " " " " " --Anti 1227. Veterans/Servicemen--Pro 1228. " " --Anti 1229. Ethnic or racial group (exc. 1217-1218); Minority groups (NA composition--Pro) 1230. " " " --Anti 1231. Section of the country--Pro 1232. " " --Anti 1233. Poor people/needy people/handicapped/disabled; the unemployed -- Pro 1234. " " " " " --Anti 1235. Civil servants--Pro 1236. " " --Anti 1239. Gays/lesbians/homosexuals--Pro 1240. " " --Anti 1241. Christian Right/Religious Right--Pro 1242. " " --Anti 1243. White/White Race/White people--Pro 1244. " " --Anti 1245. White Men--Pro 1246. White Men--Anti 1247. Hispanics/Latinos/Chicanos/other people of Spanish descent -- Pro 1248. Hispanics/Latinos/Chicanos/other people of Spanish descent -- Anti 1249. Factory workers/blue collar workers -- Pro 1250. Factory workers/blue collar workers -- Anti 1251. Native American -- Pro 1252. Native American -- Anti 1297. Other group connection reasons 1300. Located after 1162 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40. PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- MISCELLANEOUS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 701. Just like him/them (NA why); like everything about him/them; "I was hoping he would win the (nomination/primaries)" 702. Just dislike/Don't like him/them (NA why); don't like anything about him/them 703. Will save America; America needs him/them 704. Will ruin America; last thing America needs 705. Will unite Americans/bring people together 706. Will divide Americans/drive people apart 707. Speaks of party/candidate as good protector(s); will know what to do; (they are) more intelligent 708. Speaks of party/candidate as bad protector(s); won't know what to do 709. Good for country (unspecified); trying to do good job; trying; not just out for self/own best interest; has/have country's interest at heart ; will do a good job 710. Bad for country (unspecified); don't have country's interests at heart; only looking out for their own interests ; will not do a good job 711. Lesser of two evils 718. Treatment of Jesse Jackson; didn't offer him the vice-presidenal nomination; didn't use him (effectively) to get out the Black vote; weren't courteous/respectful toward him; didn't keep promises made to him 719. (References to) Sexual scandals; reference to Chappaquidic; Kennedy's personal problems; damaging incidents in personal life- -sexual escapades; financial problems, substance abuse; military service, etc. 720. Reference to Watergate affair (exc. 0551-0554) 721. The way the incumbent came to office; the people should select President; stole the election in Florida (reference to Bush in 2000 election) 722. The incumbent should have a chance (on his own)/another chance/second chance 723. (I believe in/Necessary for) a two-party system; (makes it possible for us to have a) choice between candidates; (provides needed) opposition (to other party); balances power of other party 724. Vote for the man (candidate) rather than party; look for more qualified man; don't pay attention to parties 725. The opponent who the candidate ran against; the candidate was the better/worse of the two in general; the candidate ran against someone I really like/dislike 726. Splits votes; will elect wrong candidate; "spoiler" 727. Expression of sympathy/admiration for the candidate's underdog position; trying hard against terrible odds; courageous uphill battle; "I like underdogs"; "they are bucking the guy" (keeping him off ballot, not taking him seriously, not giving him enough p 728. Negative comments about the candidate's switching parties, being a turncoat, disloyal to his original party 729. Party selection of a woman for vice-president 730. Mention of debates; candidate's performance in the debates 731. Position (vote) on increasing congressional salary; position (vote) on accepting honoraria/outside pay/royalties while in office 732. Used to like him but don't now; have lost respect for him 732. Located after 0702 733. References to candidate's children or extended family [code 446 for references to spouse] 734. Non-sexual scandals; Whitewater; Travel Office firings; FBI file controversy; (Whitewatergate, Travelgate, FBI gate); Bush Jr's drug and alcohol use. (All sexual scandals should be coded in 0719 (incl. Paula Jones, "womanizing," "can't keep pants on," etc 735. Campaign finance scandals; Gore at the Buddhist temple; Gore soliciting funds from his office 739. Justifiable criticism in the media 796. References to unfair/undeserved/excessive criticism by media or public 797. Other miscellaneous reasons; other miscellaneous reasons relating to image and candidate/party effect on nation 8877. Other miscellaneous ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50. EVENTS UNIQUE TO ONE CAMPAIGN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5001. Perot quit race, is quitter--NFS 5002. (Because Perot quit race) he is not trustworthy or dependable (enough); (let down supporters); not steadfast (enough) 5003. (Because Perot quit race) re-entered, he is indecisive, inconsistent, not stable (enough), other mention of quit and re- enter--NFS 5004. (Perot is) Not a serious/legitimate candidate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- MISSING DATA CODES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8801. R has been influenced by spouse 8802. R has been influenced by someone else 8880. No text, "none", "no", other uncodeable 8888. DK 8889. Refused