Industry Affiliation Program for
Human Factors in Transportation Safety

Vehicle Signaling

Rates of Use of Vehicle Lighting Equipment: Variation Among Drivers (Flannagan and Buonarosa), Report No. UMTRI-2012-32, December 2012.

Benefits of Daytime Running Lights (Sivak and Schoettle), Report No. UMTRI-2011-6, February 2011.

Vehicle Kinematics in Turns and the Role of Cornering Lamps in Driver Vision (Sullivan and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2010-32, December 2010.

LEDs and Power Consumption of Exterior Automotive Lighting: Implications for Gasoline and Electric Vehicles (Schoettle, Sivak, and Fujiyama), Report No. UMTRI-2008-48, October 2008.

Real-World Frequency of Use of Lighting Equipment (Buonarosa, Sayer, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2008-14, April 2008.

Prevalence of LED Light Sources on Vehicles Sold in the U.S. (Schoettle, Sivak, and Takenobu), Report No. UMTRI-2008-12, April 2008.

Availability and Implementation Trends of Daytime Running Lights in the U.S. (Takenobu, Schoettle, and Sivak), Report No. UMTRI-2007-33, August 2007.

Mirror-Mounted Turn Signals and Traffic Safety (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2006-33, November 2006.

Effects of Dedicated Stop Lamps on Nighttime Rear-End Collisions (Luoma, Sivak, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2006-15, May 2006.

Effectiveness of Clear-Lens Turn Signals in Direct Sunlight (Sivak, Schoettle, Flannagan, and Minoda), Report No. UMTRI-2005-19, July 2005.

Conspicuity of Mirror-Mounted Turn Signals (Schumann, Sivak, Flannagan, and Schoettle), Report No. UMTRI-2003-26, September 2003.

Geometric Visibility of Mirror-Mounted Turn Signals (Reed and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2003-18, September 2003.

Functional Requirements for Daytime Running Lights (Rumar), Report No. UMTRI-2003-11, May 2003.

Lighting, Signaling, and Rearview Mirrors for Large Trucks: A Review of Human Factors Considerations (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2002-30, November 2002.

The Locations of Signaling and Lighting Equipment on Passenger Vehicles Sold in the U.S. (Schoettle, Sivak, and Nakata), Report No. UMTRI-2002-8, May 2002.

A Worldwide Perspective on Future Automobile Lighting (Rumar), Report No. UMTRI-2001-35, November 2001.

Resistance of LED and Incandescent Front Turn Signals to Masking Effects from Adjacent Headlamps (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2001-34, November 2001.

Reaction Time to Clear-Lens Turn Signals Under Sun-Loaded Conditions (Sullivan and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2001-30, September 2001.

The Effects of Rear-Window Transmittance and Backup-Lamp Intensity on Backing Behavior (Sayer, Mefford, and Blower), Report No. UMTRI-2001-6, March 2001.

Simultaneous Masking of Front Turn Signals by Headlamps and Other Front Lamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Schoettle, and Nakata), Report No. UMTRI-2000-44, November 2000.

Effects of the Spectra of Innovative Sources in Signal Lamps (Sullivan and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2000-7, March 2000.

The Use of Parking and Auxiliary Lamps for Traffic Sign Illumination (Sivak, Flannagan, and Miyokawa), Report No. UMTRI-2000-2, January 2000.

Historical Development and Current Effectiveness of Rear Lighting Systems (Moore and Rumar), Report No. UMTRI-99-31, October 1999.

Color Identification in the Visual Periphery: Consequences for Color Coding of Vehicle Signals (Sivak, Flannagan, Miyokawa, and Traube), Report No. UMTRI-99-20, July 1999.

Conspicuity and Glare Properties of Daytime Running Lights: Effects of Lamp Separation and Intensity (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, and Miyokawa), Report No. UMTRI-98-30, August 1998.

Vehicle Lighting and the Aging Population (Rumar), Report No. UMTRI-98-9, June 1998.

The Influence of Sun Loading on the Visibility of Clear-Lens Turn Signals (Sivak, Flannagan, Kojima, and Traube), Report No. UMTRI-98-2, February 1998.

Reaction Time to Center High-Mounted Stop Lamps: Effects of Context, Aspect Ratio, Intensity, and Ambient Illumination (Sayer, Mefford, Flannagan, and Sivak), Report No. UMTRI-96-3, January 1996.

Glare and Mounting Height of High Beams Used as Daytime Running Lamps (Sivak, Flannagan, and Aoki), Report No. UMTRI-95-40, November 1995.

Effects of Intensity, Area, and Aspect Ratio on Reaction Times to Stop Lamps (Sayer, Flannagan, and Sivak), Report No. UMTRI-95-10, April 1995.

Effects of Turn-Signal Color on Reaction Times to Brake Signals (Luoma, Flannagan, Sivak, Aoki, and Traube), Report No. UMTRI-95-5, February 1995.

Reaction Times to Neon, LED, and Fast Incandescent Brake Lamps (Sivak, Flannagan, Sato, Traube, and Aoki), Report No. UMTRI-93-37, September 1993.

Effects of Voltage Drop on Rise Time and Light Output of Incandescent Brake Lamps on Trucks (Sivak, Sato, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-93-28, July 1993.

Reaction Times to Body-Color Brake Lamps (Chandra, Sivak, Flannagan, Sato, and Traube), Report No. UMTRI-92-15, May 1992.

Reaction Time to High-Contrast Brake Lamps (Sivak, Flannagan, and Gellatly), Report No. UMTRI-90-30, July 1990.